BILLS

> bills: in a very simple term or say in a lay man languane it could be defined as “A bill is proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature. A bill does not become law until it is passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the executive. Once a bill has been enacted into law, it is called an act of the legislature, or a statute.

> a bill is neccessery because to control the vast country effectively and because of dynamic nature of the society this because to control the huge population through imposing the law for better functioning of the country

> Types of Bills Introduced in the Indian Parliament

> Bills introduced in the Indian Parliament can be classified into 4 types of bills. They are as follows:

> 1. Money Bills

> 2. Financial Bills

> 3. Ordinary Bills

> 4. Constitutional Amendment Bills

> lets talk about how it could be introduced ;character and procedure of different types of bills:

> 1. money bills : These are defined in Article 110. These Bills deal with the taxes, borrowings, consolidated and contingency funds, audit and accounting, etc.

> Article 109 of Indian Constitution gives special procedure regarding Money Bills.

> A money Bill can originate only in Lok Sabha after the recommendations of the President. Through the Bill is sent to Rajya Sabha also but even Rajya Sabha rejects/returns the Bill (within days necessarily), the Bill is deemed to be passed.

> The Appropriation Bill and Annual Financial Bill (Budget) are Money Bills.

                 Power to decide whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not

> Article 110 (3) of the Constitution of India lays down that “if any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of the House of the People thereon shall be final”.  It is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha who decides whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not. Further, once the Speaker has certified a Bill as a Money Bill, its nature cannot be questioned in a court of law, in the Houses of Parliament, or even by the President.

> Procedure for Passing of the Money Bills

> A money bill can be introduced / originated only in Lok Sabha {or in legislative assembly in case of bicameral legislature in states}.

> A money bill can be introduced only on prior recommendations of the President {or governor in case of state}

> Once a money bill is passed in Lok Sabha, it is transmitted to Rajya Sabha for its consideration. But Rajya Sabha has limited powers in this context. It can neither reject nor amend the money bill. It can make only recommendations and has to return the bill with or without recommendations to Lok Sabha in 14 days.

> The Lok Sabha may or may not accept the recommendations of Rajya Sabha. Whether or not accepted those recommendations, thus returned bill is considered passed in both houses.

> If Rajya Sabha does not return the bill in 14 days, it is deemed to have been passed by both the houses at the expiration of the 14 days in the form in which it was passed by the Lok Sabha.

> President can withhold assent to money bill but cannot return it for reconsideration of the Lok Sabha.

> Whether there can be a joint sitting of both the Houses in case of Money Bill

> There cannot be a joint sitting of both the Houses in case of money bills.

> 2. financial bills : Any Bill dealing with revenues or expenditure but not certified as Money Bill by the Speaker is a Financial Bill.

> Financial Bill can only be introduced in Lok Sabha on the recommendations of the President & should be passed by both Houses of Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha) by Simple majority.

> The proposals of the government for levy of new taxes, modification of the existing tax structure or continuance of the existing tax structure beyond the period approved by Parliament are submitted to Parliament through this bill.

> The Finance Bill is accompanied by a Memorandum containing explanations of the provisions included in it. The Finance Bill can be introduced only in Lok Sabha.

> However, the Rajya Sabha can recommend amendments in the Bill. The bill has to be passed by the Parliament within 75 days of its introduction.

> 3.Ordinary Bills : Ordinary bills are concerned with any matter other than Financial Bills, money Bills and Constitutional Amendment Bills.

> Such Bills can be introduced in either House of Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha) without the recommendations of President of India. These bills are passed by Simple Majority in both Houses.

> 4:  Constitutional Amendment Bills : Under Article 368 of Indian Constitution with the powers of parliament to amend the constitution, this bill can be introduced in any of the two Houses without recommendations of the President.

> Such Bills must be passed by each house (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) separately with a special majority (two third of the members present and voting which must be more than absolute majority).

> By 24th Constitution amendment Act, 1971 it is obligatory for the president to give his assent to the Constitutional Amendment Bills.