INTRODUCTION
Since anyone of any gender and sociodemographic status can be infected, it is understandable, that increasing mental health issues such as anxiety or depression resulting in erratic behaviour among people amidst infectious outbreaks is a not-uncommon phenomenon. Outbreaks can have a profound and broad spectrum of psychological impact on people. At an individual level, new psychiatric symptoms in people without mental illness can precipitate, or aggravate the condition of those with pre-existing mental illness and cause distress to the caregivers of affected persons. Individuals may experience fear and anxiety of falling sick or dying, helplessness, or blame of other people who are ill, potentially triggering off a mental breakdown, regardless of their exposure.
Many people have lost their jobs or are working reduced hours. Due to the enormity of this pandemic and the global shut down the sense of normality has been turned upside down. The uncertainty over what even the near future holds will make sustained attention a challenge. A lot of people have to teach or take care of their children at home who used to be at school, kindergarten or childcare. Some people are struggling to figure out how they should pay rent or buy groceries, and are experiencing that the businesses or careers they’ve spent years building have no meaning anymore. Some individuals have health conditions that make them anxious (and vulnerable) about catching the virus.
Significant psychiatric conditions could be found varying from depression, anxiety, panic attacks, somatic symptoms, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, to delirium, psychosis and even suicidality, which could be associated with younger age and increased self-blame. For persons grieving from the traumatic and sudden loss of loved ones from the outbreak, the inability to gain closure can result in additional stresses, anger and resentment. According to a study on 1210 Chinese citizens in China in the first two weeks following the outbreak conducted by Wang et al, females were reported to experience a higher degree of the psychological impact of the outbreak, such as stress, anxiety, and depression. This finding concurred with previous epidemiological studies that found women to be at an elevated risk of depression, which could possibly be due to their unique biological and socioeconomic factors
Persons who are sick or quarantined may experience shame, guilt, or stigma. Studies reported a high prevalence of psychological distress with longer duration of quarantine which was associated with an increased prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms correlating with symptoms of depression. Foreigners under quarantine or in isolation in hospitals are at increased risk of psychiatric issues, as they are deprived of their social supports and risk uncertainty for repatriation, thereby necessitating practical and emotional support for them.
At the community level, there could be distrust towards other individuals in terms of disease spread and the government and healthcare services in terms of their capability to manage the outbreak. With the closure of community services and the collapse of industries negatively impacting the economy, a lot of people face financial losses and risk unemployment, which will be intensifying the negative emotions experienced by individuals.
CHILDREN’S MENTAL HEALTH
In difficult times it is normal for children and other family members may have strong reactions like sadness, being irritable or confused. Sleeping disorders, physical reactions and fear of the unknown could take place. Everyone reacts differently. Some parents perhaps immediately develop a new home routine, some others may struggle in balancing their work and home duties. As a reaction to these new situations children can experience intense sadness or anger, others may be withdrawn or behave as if nothing has happened.
When schools close it means that children and adolescents who have mental health needs, do not have access to the resources they usually have through schools. For young people with mental health problems, the routine of school helps them have an anchor in life the closure means that their symptoms could relapse. Adolescents in racial and ethnic minority groups, having a low family income, or with public health insurance already have less access to mental health services without school closures.
Children who have special education needs like those in the autism spectrum or other disabilities are also at risk. When their daily routines are disrupted they can become frustrated and short-tempered. Parents could create a schedule for their children to reduce anxiety induced by uncertainty. Furthermore suspended therapy sessions of children with special needs could decrease their chance to develop essential skills
TIPS TO OVERCOME STRESS DURING COVID-19
Exercise Regularly
Exercising helps release endorphins within your system, which play a vital role in elevating your mood and keeping a positive attitude. Stretching exercises and yoga also help keep you fit and your mind calm.
Take a Break
The constantly negative news can be a lot to handle. Decide the amount of exposure to the news that works for you. Especially if there are children involved, make sure you expose them to only age-appropriate material. Ever so often disconnect physically and mentally from anything to do with the Coronavirus coverage. Play with puzzles, read a book, reorganize or clean instead.
Maintain a Healthy Diet
Unnecessary stress can cause you to overeat or eat unhealthy, adversely affecting your metabolism. Avoid emotional eating by identifying trigger factors and keeping away from the urge. Keep healthy snacks around you such as fruit bowls, nuts or even granola bars. Keeping your blood sugar levels stable throughout the day helps regulate your mood and emotions. Good nutrition also keeps your immune system healthy.
Find Ways to Express Yourself
Whether by putting pen to paper, capturing videos, scrapbooking, keeping a journal or by blogging, expressing yourself helps to cope with your feelings. You can either write extensively or just a line a day, as long as you find a hobby that works best for you. This keeps the stress away and gives you something to look forward to every day.
Offer to Help People when You Can
If you need help with groceries or medications for someone at home, do not hesitate to ask for help. Similarly, if you are stepping out, you can take a list of errands from elderly or sick people who cannot get out. Helping people out gives you a sense of fulfillment and calms the restless mind.
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