HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE
The automobile was first invented and perfected in Germany and France in the late 1800s, though Americans quickly came to dominate the automotive industry in the first half of the twentieth century. Henry Ford innovated mass-production techniques that became standard, and Ford, General Motors and Chrysler emerged as the “Big Three” auto companies by the 1920s. Manufacturers funneled their resources to the military during World War II, and afterward automobile production in Europe and Japan soared to meet growing demand. Once vital to the expansion of American urban centers, the industry had become a shared global enterprise with the rise of Japan as the leading automaker by 1980.
Although the automobile was to have its greatest social and economic impact in the United States, it was initially perfected in Germany and France toward the end of the nineteenth century by such men as Gottlieb Daimler, Karl Benz, Nicolaus Otto and Emile Levassor.
When Were Cars Invented?
The 1901 Mercedes, designed by Wilhelm Maybach for Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, deserves credit for being the first modern motorcar in all essentials.
Its thirty-five-horsepower engine weighed only fourteen pounds per horsepower, and it achieved a top speed of fifty-three miles per hour. By 1909, with the most integrated automobile factory in Europe, Daimler employed some seventeen hundred workers to produce fewer than a thousand cars per year.
Nothing illustrates the superiority of European design better than the sharp contrast between this first Mercedes model and Ransom E. Olds‘ 1901-1906 one-cylinder, three-horsepower, tiller-steered, curved-dash Oldsmobile, which was merely a motorized horse buggy. But the Olds sold for only $650, putting it within reach of middle-class Americans, and the 1904 Olds output of 5,508 units surpassed any car production previously accomplished.
The central problem of automotive technology over the first decade of the twentieth century would be reconciling the advanced design of the 1901 Mercedes with the moderate price and low operating expenses of the Olds. This would be overwhelmingly an American achievement.
Henry Ford and William Durant
Bicycle mechanics J. Frank and Charles Duryea of Springfield, Massachusetts, had designed the first successful American gasoline automobile in 1893, then won the first American race in 1895, and went on to make the first sale of an American-made gasoline car the next year.
Thirty American manufacturers produced 2,500 motor vehicles in 1899, and some 485 companies entered the business in the next decade. In 1908 Henry Ford introduced the Model T and William Durant founded General Motors.
he new firms operated in an unprecedented seller’s market for an expensive consumer goods item. With its vast land area and a hinterland of scattered and isolated settlements, the United States had a far greater need for automotive transportation than the nations of Europe. Great demand was ensured, too, by a significantly higher per capita income and more equitable income distribution than European countries.https://25a941a279cf15106d294a760a0ab9f6.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
Model T
Given the American manufacturing tradition, it was also inevitable that cars would be produced in larger volume at lower prices than in Europe. The absence of tariff barriers between the states encouraged sales over a wide geographic area. Cheap raw materials and a chronic shortage of skilled labor early encouraged the mechanization of industrial processes in the United States.
This in turn required the standardization of products and resulted in the volume production of such commodities as firearms, sewing machines, bicycles, and many other items. In 1913, the United States produced some 485,000 of the world total of 606,124 motor vehicles.
The Ford Motor Company greatly outpaced its competitors in reconciling state-of-the-art design with moderate price. Cycle and Automobile Trade Journal called the four-cylinder, fifteen-horsepower, $600 Ford Model N (1906-1907) “the very first instance of a low-cost motorcar driven by a gas engine having cylinders enough to give the shaft a turning impulse in each shaft turn which is well built and offered in large numbers.” Deluged with orders, Ford installed improved production equipment and after 1906 was able to make deliveries of a hundred cars a day.
Encouraged by the success of the Model N, Henry Ford was determined to build an even better “car for the great multitude.” The four-cylinder, twenty-horsepower Model T, first offered in October 1908, sold for $825. Its two-speed planetary transmission made it easy to drive, and features such as its detachable cylinder head made it easy to repair. Its high chassis was designed to clear the bumps in rural roads. Vanadium steel made the Model T a lighter and tougher car, and new methods of casting parts (especially block casting of the engine) helped keep the price down.
Committed to large-volume production of the Model T, Ford innovated modern mass production techniques at his new Highland Park, Michigan, plant, which opened in 1910 (although he did not introduce the moving assembly line until 1913-1914). The Model T runabout sold for $575 in 1912, less than the average annual wage in the United States.
By the time the Model T was withdrawn from production in 1927, its price had been reduced to $290 for the coupe, 15 million units had been sold, and mass personal “automobility” had become a reality.
Automotive Industry Growing Pains
Ford’s mass production techniques were quickly adopted by other American automobile manufacturers. (European automakers did not begin to use them until the 1930s.) The heavier outlays of capital and larger volume of sales that this necessitated ended the era of easy entry and free-wheeling competition among many small producers in the American industry.
The number of active automobile manufacturers dropped from 253 in 1908 to only 44 in 1929, with about 80 percent of the industry’s output accounted for by Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler, formed from Maxwell in 1925 by Walter P. Chrysler.
Most of the remaining independents were wiped out in the Great Depression, with Nash, Hudson, Studebaker, and Packard hanging on only to collapse in the post-World War II period.
The Model T was intended to be “a farmer’s car” that served the transportation needs of a nation of farmers. Its popularity was bound to wane as the country urbanized and as rural regions got out of the mud with passage of the 1916 Federal Aid Road Act and the 1921 Federal Highway Act.
Moreover, the Model T remained basically unchanged long after it was technologically obsolete. Model T owners began to trade up to larger, faster, smoother riding, more stylish cars. The demand for basic transportation the Model T had met tended increasingly in the 1920s to be filled from the backlog of used cars piling up in dealers’ lots as the market became saturated.
Car Sales Stall
By 1927 replacement demand for new cars was exceeding demand from first-time owners and multiple-car purchasers combined. Given the incomes of the day, automakers could no longer count on an expanding market. Installment sales had been initiated by the makers of moderately priced cars in 1916 to compete with the Model T, and by 1925 about three-quarters of all new cars were bought “on time” through credit.
Although a few expensive items, such as pianos and sewing machines, had been sold on time before 1920, it was installment sales of automobiles during the twenties that established the purchasing of expensive consumer goods on credit as a middle-class habit and a mainstay of the American economy.
GM Introduces ‘Planned Obsolescence’
Market saturation coincided with technological stagnation: In both product and production technology, innovation was becoming incremental rather than dramatic. The basic differences that distinguish post-World War II models from the Model T were in place by the late 1920s—the self-starter, the closed all-steel body, the high-compression engine, hydraulic brakes, syncromesh transmission and low-pressure balloon tires.
The remaining innovations—the automatic transmission and drop-frame construction—came in the 1930s. Moreover, with some exceptions, cars were made much the same way in the early 1950s as they had been in the 1920s.
To meet the challenges of market saturation and technological stagnation, General Motors under the leadership of Alfred P. Sloan, Jr., in the 1920s and 1930s innovated planned obsolescence of product and put a new emphasis on styling, exemplified in the largely cosmetic annual model change—a planned triennial major restyling to coincide with the economics of die life and with annual minor face-liftings in between.
The goal was to make consumers dissatisfied enough to trade in and presumably up to a more expensive new model long before the useful life of their present cars had ended. Sloan’s philosophy was that “the primary object of the corporation … was to make money, not just to make motorcars.” He believed that it was necessary only that GM’s cars be “equal in design to the best of our competitors … it was not necessary to lead in design or to run the risk of untried experiments.”
Thus engineering was subordinated to the dictates of stylists and cost-cutting accountants. General Motors became the archetype of a rational corporation run by a technostructure.
As Sloanism replaced Fordism as the predominant market strategy in the industry, Ford lost the sales lead in the lucrative low-priced field to Chevrolet in 1927 and 1928. By 1936 GM claimed 43 percent of the U.S. market; Ford with 22 percent had fallen to third place behind Chrysler with 25 percent.
Although automobile sales collapsed during the Great Depression, Sloan could boast of GM that “in no year did the corporation fail to earn a profit.” (GM retained industry leadership until 1986 when Ford surpassed it in profits.)
World War II and the Auto Industry
The automobile industry had played a critical role in producing military vehicles and war matériel in the First World War. During World War II, in addition to turning out several million military vehicles, American automobile manufacturers made some seventy-five essential military items, most of them unrelated to the motor vehicle. These materials had a total value of $29 billion, one-fifth of the nation’s war production.
Because the manufacture of vehicles for the civilian market ceased in 1942 and tires and gasoline were severely rationed, motor vehicle travel fell dramatically during the war years. Cars that had been nursed through the Depression long after they were ready to be junked were patched up further, ensuring great pent-up demand for new cars at the war’s end.
Detroit’s Big Three carried Sloanism to its illogical conclusion in the postwar period. Models and options proliferated, and every year cars became longer and heavier, more powerful, more gadget-bedecked, more expensive to purchase and to operate, following the truism that large cars are more profitable to sell than small ones.
Rise of Japanese Automakers
Engineering in the postwar era was subordinated to the questionable aesthetics of nonfunctional styling at the expense of economy and safety. And quality deteriorated to the point that by the mid-1960s American-made cars were being delivered to retail buyers with an average of twenty-four defects a unit, many of them safety-related. Moreover, the higher unit profits that Detroit made on gas-guzzling “road cruisers” were made at the social costs of increased air pollution and a drain on dwindling world oil reserves.
The era of the annually restyled road cruiser ended with the imposition of federal standards of automotive safety (1966), emission of pollutants (1965 and 1970), and energy consumption (1975); with escalating gasoline prices following the oil shocks of 1973 and 1979; and especially with the mounting penetration of both the U.S. and world markets first by the German Volkswagen “Bug” (a modern Model T) and then by Japanese fuel-efficient, functionally designed, well-built small cars.
After peaking at a record 12.87 million units in 1978, sales of American-made cars fell to 6.95 million in 1982, as imports increased their share of the U.S. market from 17.7 percent to 27.9 percent. In 1980 Japan became the world’s leading auto producer, a position it continues to hold.
U.S. Carmakers Retool
In response, the American automobile industry in the 1980s underwent a massive organizational restructuring and technological renaissance. Managerial revolutions and cutbacks in plant capacity and personnel at GM, Ford and Chrysler resulted in leaner, tougher firms with lower break-even points, enabling them to maintain profits with lower volumes in increasingly saturated, competitive markets.
Manufacturing quality and programs of employee motivation and involvement were given high priority. The industry in 1980 undertook a five-year, $80 billion program of plant modernization and retooling. Functional aerodynamic design replaced styling in Detroit studios, as the annual cosmetic change was abandoned.
Cars became smaller, more fuel-efficient, less polluting and much safer. Product and production were being increasingly rationalized in a process of integrating computer-aided design, engineering and manufacturing.
Legacy of the U.S. Auto Industry
The automobile has been a key force for change in twentieth-century America. During the 1920s the industry became the backbone of a new consumer goods-oriented society. By the mid-1920s it ranked first in value of product, and in 1982 it provided one out of every six jobs in the United States.
In the 1920s the automobile became the lifeblood of the petroleum industry, one of the chief customers of the steel industry, and the biggest consumer of many other industrial products. The technologies of these ancillary industries, particularly steel and petroleum, were revolutionized by its demands.
The automobile stimulated participation in outdoor recreation and spurred the growth of tourism and tourism-related industries, such as service stations, roadside restaurants and motels. The construction of streets and highways, one of the largest items of government expenditure, peaked when the Interstate Highway Act of 1956 inaugurated the largest public works program in history.
The automobile ended rural isolation and brought urban amenities—most important, better medical care and schools—to rural America (while paradoxically the farm tractor made the traditional family farm obsolete). The modern city with its surrounding industrial and residential suburbs is a product of the automobile and trucking.
The automobile changed the architecture of the typical American dwelling, altered the conception and composition of the urban neighborhood, and freed homemakers from the narrow confines of the home. No other historical force has so revolutionized the way Americans work, live, and play.
In 1980, 87.2 percent of American households owned one or more motor vehicles, 51.5 percent owned more than one, and fully 95 percent of domestic car sales were for replacement. Americans have become truly auto-dependent.
Day: June 20, 2021
Perfect time?
The best time is right now!
@surbhishukla20023620
For a human being there comes various situation in life in which they cannot decide what to do but later when they realized them is it too late?
What is the perfect or ideal time to start what you planned for?
We human beings always had some particular issue which we all wanted to resolve, and we even tried for years for it. There are various issues but let me take one issue which I faced, and I believe as a common human being there are various people who had faced such issue in their life and that is ‘being bulky’
As of now, I tried to lost some kg’s pf weight and hoping for more to lose, but long time ago when I started taking it serious let me tell you all how it started. I have never been bulky ever in my life but since I hit my puberty I started becoming bulky the clothes that I wore were never looking good on me so I hated the way I was before so I tried to change myself to be good to love myself even more and ago I only had aim at loosing much amount of weight that I was unable to loose earlier then after years now I found out that when I shifted my main goal from loosing weight to being healthy but not only exercising daily walking and moving constantly and other physical work along with all these are started eating healthy. And when my goal shifted I tried to think
Even more positive my being a healthy person journey have been like these: –
The best time for this was years ago and is now!
- Change your mindset
Because there are two types of people who only scrolls down and does nothing and another one who not only researches but apply in their life’s.
Earlier I only aimed at loosing weight but since the time I started realizing only loosing weight is not a healthy choice to make I had to change my mindset to learn even more than that.
- It takes time but the results will be fascinating.
Whenever we try to change something In our lifestyle the way we live its never an happy start or easy start we face various obstacle in the beginning but after sometime you will see result of what a good decision you took. You will be fascinated.
- Start will little and then aim for more.
In the process of being what you want do not try to take the first step the very wide one that you will not be able to get stabilize at it and when you fall you end up going back even more.
If you aim at not to eat sugar don’t restrict yourself from eating it permanently from day one itself, try to decrease only a little by 5% level of sugar intake into your body. And slowly try to decrease even more but do not let it completely vanish from your life.
- The hardest thing you will do is not to start.
It is because the first step is always the toughest one and even the decision to take the first step is hardest. Cool take the hardest first and rest will feel like little less harder try to remind yourself every now and the hard work is the key to success
VALUE OF TIME
VALUE OF TIME
It is always better to respect and follow the valuable time instead of regretting later as the time we have spent is never coming back. We all know about the proverb “Time and Tide wait for none,” It is apt for our life.
We all should think that the time we get is an opportunity to grab for a well-built future. We should teach our younger ones also about the value of time. Utilizing time for our loved ones also helps us and the society to grow towards a superior one .
The best and most effective ways of utilizing time are setting goals, making work lists, prioritizing tasks, having a good sleep, etc. We must set long and short term goals for the best utilization of time. These long and short term goals will help us to save time and be productive.
Goals and work lists help us as a driving force to keep us always motivated. When we start a new work, and then we start to do it regularly, firstly it will look a very uninteresting one. But, later, we will understand that this is increasing our productivity. Finally, these driving forces help us to achieve our goals.
Prioritizing tasks for our daily routines is a very effective way to manage time because we get to understand the importance of various tasks and jobs in our lives. Moreover, if we do similar works unitedly then, it also increases our productivity.
But, we should remember one thing that being productive doesn’t mean that we have to be involved in multiple works every time. Taking a sufficient amount of sleep and exercising are also parts of being healthy as well as productive. Exercising and sleeping maintain the right balance between our bodies and minds, which is essential for success in life.
There are few things related to time which we should always keep in our minds. They are punctuality, the importance of time management, courtesy, unpredictable future, etc.
To lead a better life, we all have to be punctual in every case in our daily life. People who treat time as an essential factor for a better life are always punctual and thus successful in life
Another important factor for leading a successful life is the management of time. You have to be regularly involved in work to find a good result and complete without facing any problem.
None of us can predict our future. That’s why we should work hard from now and complete all our tasks on time to make our future bright. If we finish our work on time, we won’t have many works left to do at a time.
The proverb “killing time is not murder; it’s a suicide’ is applicable for those who don’t understand the value of time and don’t respect it. There are people too who give excuses for not completing work like they don’t have time for that. It’s not like they don’t have time; they don’t know how to manage time
HOW TO OVERCOME FROM CORRUPTION ?
HOW TO OVERCOME FROM CORRUPTION ?
Corruption is a social malice that can be seen anywhere and is like an ailing tumour in public life. It is so common that people are in a state of living with it. The existence of corruption can be traced back to the ancient and medieval times. The advent of British rule in India gave new wings to this social evil, especially with the establishment of British East India Company.
Expositions of Corruption
Exploitation, scams, bribes, unethical malpractices are all expositions of corruption. Corruption’s one of the adverse effect is the generation or flow of black money in the economy. The crux is that nobody is free from corruption, not even the poor man, he wants it or not he is compelled to be a part of the system, he is forced to give bribes at every step, or else he would be stuck in cues for the rest of all his life. Misuse of power and authority, exploitation of public property for personal gains lead to corruption. Like charity, corruption too begins at home. Parents bait their children to get things done, corruption is not only limited to politics, but in every field. IPL’s spot fixing and betting is a recent example of corruption in cricket.
Corruption is directly proportional to greed, greed for power, money, etc. Greed corrupts our values and ethics. Tolerance of people towards corruption, lack of powerful outcry against it further paves way for corruption. During elections, big business tycoons fund and sponsor the politicians to meet campaigning expenditures so that their personal favours are met.
Adverse Effect of Corruption
Due to corruption, deserving candidates don’t get jobs, old retired people face harassments for pensions, undeserving students get highest of educational degrees, and many more. Recently, we can see the Bihar student, whose father by bribing managed to top his daughter, who while investigations could not even name her subjects. Many doctors have been caught in the past who have faked their degrees.
How to Prevent Corruption ?
It is useless to write about a number of steps Govt should take up to fight corruption, as Govt itself is filled with corruption so deep that it has reached its roots. Corruption cannot be dealt with unless and until there is a moral awakening among people. People have to understand the serious consequences of this evil and feel how common people and poor people fall prey to it. Big industrialists should stop being greedy and stop misusing their wealth and authority and act on fair and rational basis. Only improving country’s economic condition is not enough to combat corruption as rich people are more corrupt than the mediocre. Common people who try to fight corruption either face transfers or lose their precious lives. There is an urgent need to inculcate in every individual, the sense of responsibility to stop engaging in any unfair and corrupt practices.
Government officials should give the power to the public to report immediate corruptions they face in their daily lives and act on it within days. Ending corruption would lead to equal distribution of wealth and resources among all and lead to a healthy society to live in.
IS HAPPINESS IS IMPORTANT
IS HAPPINESS IS IMPORTANT
It seems like an odd question, but is it? Do you know how to define happiness? Do you think happiness is the same thing to you as it is to others?
What’s the point of it all? Does it even make a difference in our lives?
In fact, happiness does have a pretty important role in our lives, and it can have a huge impact on the way we live our lives. Although researchers have yet to pin down the definition or an agreed-upon framework for happiness, there’s a lot we have learned in the last few decades.
This article will dive into the science of happiness, what it actually is, and why it matters.
Before you read on, we thought you might like to download our three Meaning and Valued Living Exercises for free. These creative, science-based exercises will help you learn more about your values and goals and will give you the tools to inspire a sense of meaning and happiness in the lives of your clients, students or employees.First, let’s take a look at the definition of happiness so we’re all on the same page. Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of “happiness” is a simple one: “The state of being happy.”
Not exactly what we were looking for, was it? Perhaps we need to dive a little deeper. Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of “happy” is a little more helpful: “Feeling or showing pleasure or contentment.”
That’s better! So, happiness is the state of feeling or showing pleasure or contentment. From this definition, we can glean a few important points about happiness:
Happiness is a state, not a trait; in other words, it isn’t a long-lasting, permanent feature or personality trait, but a more fleeting, changeable state.
Happiness is equated with feeling pleasure or contentment, meaning that happiness is not to be confused with joy, ecstasy, bliss, or other more intense feelings.
Happiness can be either feeling or showing, meaning that happiness is not necessarily an internal or external experience, but can be both.
Now we have a better grasp on what happiness is—or at least, how the Oxford English Dictionary defines what happiness is. However, this definition is not the end-all, be-all definition of happiness. In fact, the definition of happiness is not a “settled” debate
Meaning of Happiness in Positive Psychology
The meaning of happiness in Positive Psychology really depends on who you ask.
Happiness is often known by another name in positive psychology research: subjective wellbeing, or SWB.
Some believe happiness is one of the core components of SWB, while others believe happiness is SWB. Regardless, you’ll frequently find SWB used as a shorthand for happiness in the literature.
And speaking of the literature, you will find references to SWB everywhere. A quick Google search for the word “happiness” offers over 2 million results (as of January 6th, 2019). Further, a scan for the same term in two of psychology’s biggest online databases (PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES) returns 19,139 results from academic and other journals, books, dissertations, and more.
Is it difficult to define scientifically?
With so many takes on happiness, it’s no wonder that happiness is a little difficult to define scientifically; there is certainly disagreement about what, exactly, happiness is.
According to researchers Chu Kim-Prieto, Ed Diener, and their colleagues (2005), there are three main ways that happiness has been approached in positive psychology:
Happiness as a global assessment of life and all its facets;
Happiness as a recollection of past emotional experiences;
Happiness as an aggregation of multiple emotional reactions across time (Kim-Prieto, Diener, Tamir, Scollon, & Diener, 2005).
Although they generally all agree on what happiness feels like—being satisfied with life, in a good mood, feeling positive emotions, feeling enjoyment, etc.—researchers have found it difficult to agree on the scope of happiness.
However, for our purposes in this piece, it’s enough to work off of a basic definition that melds the OED‘s definition with that of positive psychologists: happiness is a state characterized by contentment and general satisfaction with one’s current situation.
FORESTRATION
FORESTRATION
From the gently sloping pristine forests of Uganda to the mountainous tropical forests of Cuba to the towering evergreen forests of Washington’s Olympic Peninsula, the definition of forests as “large areas covered chiefly with trees,” does nothing to capture their spectacular diversity.
Short, tall, dry, wet, no two forests are quite the same. But there are a few things all forests have in common, and these characteristics are at the core of why forests are so prevalent in talks about combating global climate change.
Trees store carbon dioxide, one of the primary greenhouse gasses contributing to the warming of our planet. Trees take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis, then use it to build new stems, leaves, and roots. This process stores carbon dioxide for long periods of time. Studies have shown that older trees store more carbon than younger trees, making old-growth forests a crucial resource to stabilizing the global climate.
Additionally, trees fight erosion, keep the ground below their branches cool, and provide homes for an estimated eighty percent of the world’s terrestrial plant and animal species. From medicine to food supply to climate regulation, forests are an essential, irreplaceable resource.
According to the World Bank, forests currently cover about 30 percent of the world’s land area. But deforestation from disturbances, such as fire, development, or agriculture is removing large areas of forest, and it’s happening at an unprecedented rate.
Last year alone, the tropics lost 30 million acres of tree cover—8.8 million of which were old-growth forest, equaling an area the size of Belgium. Once these forests are gone, the food, habitat, carbon storage, and every other ecosystem service they provide is destroyed, and there’s no guarantee that simply planting more trees will bring those functions back.
While forests have a lot in common, there is no one solution to save them. Each forest exists in a unique context of community, politics, and environmental conditions. Some forests hover on the edge of destruction. And that’s where Earthwatch comes in.
SAVE FOREST SAVE NATURE SAVE MANKIND
HONESTY
HONESTY
Honesty is the Best Policy
A major component for developing moral character is Honesty. Honesty helps in developing good attributes like kindness, discipline, truthfulness, moral integrity and more. Lying, cheating, lack of trust, steal, greed and other immoral attributes have no part in Honesty. Honest people are sincere, trustworthy and loyal, throughout their life. Honesty is valuable and it is the habit of utmost importance. There are famous quotes, said by a great personality like “Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom”. It holds good due to its ability to build, shape and motivate integral values in one’s life.
Benefits of Honesty
Honesty is always admirable in the family, civil society, friends and across the globe. A person with honesty is respected by all. For one to build the character of Honesty entirely depends on his/her family values and ethics and his/her surrounding environment. Parents showing honest behavior and character in front of their children create an impact on the children and we say “Honesty lies in their genes”. Honesty can also be developed practically which requires proper guidance, encouragement, patience, and dedication.
An honest person is always known for his/her honesty just like a sun is known for its eternal light and unlimited energy. It is a quality which helps a person to succeed in life and get much respect. It gives identification to the moral character of a person. Dishonest people may easily get trust and respect from other people. However, they lose that forever whenever they get caught.
Being dishonest is a sin in all the religions, however, people practice it for their short time benefits and selfishness. They never become morally strong and their life becomes miserable. An honest person moves freely in society and spread his/her fragrance in all directions. Being honest is never mean to bear the bad habits of others or bear ill-treated activities. Everyone has rights to reveal and take action against what is going wrong with him.
Conclusion
Moral ethics of a person is known through Honesty. In a society, if all the people seriously practice getting honest, then society will become an ideal society and free of all the corruptions and evils. There will be huge changes in the day-to-day life of everyone. It can happen very easily if all the parents and teachers understand their responsibilities towards the nation and teach their children and students about moral ethics.
People should realize the value of honesty in order to manage social and economic balance. Honesty is an essential requirement in modern time. It is one of the best habits which encourages an individual and make capable enough to solve and handle any difficult situation in his/her life. Honesty acts as a catalyst in strengthening our will power to face and fight any odds in life.
IMPORTANCE OF WATER
IMPORTANCE OF WATER
The chemical formula of Water is H2O. It is made from 2 molecules of Hydrogen and one molecule of Oxygen.
Upon dissociation, the Water separates into gaseous Oxygen and Hydrogen. The dissociation of Water can be brought about by passing an electric discharge through it. Apart from its chemical importance, Water has immeasurable importance for supporting life on Earth. It can be found everywhere on the planet, ranging from marine ecosystems to arid deserts. It is present in every part of the Earth in some form or the other. In oceans and lakes, it is found in liquid form, whereas, in Polar Regions, it is found in solid form. Traces of Water are found in the atmosphere and outer space in the form of gaseous water vapor. The surface of the Earth is composed of 3 parts of water and one part land. This shows that Water is highly important for all living beings. The only reason why life formed on Earth in the first place is Water. Finding Water anywhere else in the universe is next to impossible. So we must make sure that we conserve this liquid treasure so that our future generations would be able to use it too.
Water is recognized as a universal solvent. This characteristic of Water that makes it so important for life on Earth to flourish. It has two molecules of Hydrogen joined by double covalent bonds with a single molecule of Oxygen. The covalent bonds give Water its solubilizing properties. It can dissolve a large number of solids, liquids, and gases within itself. Our bodies require 70% of Water to function properly. Most of this Water is used for transporting nutrients to different parts of our bodies and bringing back toxins from them that would be ultimately excreted out.
Water is found in abundance on the Earth but, only 1 percent of it can be used for drinking purposes. This 1 % is known as potable water and is found in freshwater resources like glaciers, streams, lakes, rivers, and ponds. With time, the share of clean freshwater has been deteriorating. Most of the freshwater that we use comes from rivers and underground reservoirs. Overexploitation of these resources has led to a decrease in water levels in these bodies.
You would be amazed to know that the amount of water on Earth that you find today is the same as that during the Jurassic age! However, the reason why we are facing an acute shortage of water in recent times is that most of the freshwater is being changed into polluted Water that is unfit for use. Water is an essential commodity that we need to safeguard and protect. It has been speculated widely that the third world war can be started because of the water shortage crisis.
SAVE WATER SAVE MANKIND
DARK WEB
DARK WEB
The dark web refers to encrypted online content that is not indexed by conventional search engines. Sometimes, the dark web is also called the dark net. The dark web is a part of the deep web, which just refers to websites that do not appear on search engines. Most deep web content consists of private files hosted on Dropbox and its competitors or subscriber-only databases rather than anything illegal.
Specific browsers, such as Tor Browser, are required to reach the dark web.1 Using the dark web often provides considerably more privacy than just using Tor to access the web. Many dark web sites simply provide standard web services with more secrecy, which benefits political dissidents and people trying to keep medical conditions private. Unfortunately, online marketplaces for drugs, exchanges for stolen data, and other illegal activities get most of the attention.
Understanding the Dark Web
In many ways, the dark web is much like the broader web was in its early days during the late 20th century. There is a lot of material about getting it working, and not very much to do once one gets there. A lot of the content on the dark web is very amateurish.
On the other hand, it is much easier for individuals to start sites and get attention. Tech giants and large media organizations have very little influence on the dark web as of 2020.
The dark web is still very much a work in progress, and its full costs and benefits are not yet known.
As with the early Internet, the dark web has also gained a reputation as a haven for illegal activities. The dark web, like the web before it, is frequently implicated in horrible crimes, such as child abuse and murder for hire. While the dark web has unfortunately played a hand in both illegal and unethical transactions, it has also provided a social outlet for people who may otherwise be persecuted for their identities or political beliefs.
It has also provided legal authorities with additional tools to apprehend the perpetrators of unethical activities.
It is crucial to avoid confusing the dark web with the cryptocurrencies often used to make purchases there. The dark web makes it easier to set up and access websites that offer a high degree of anonymity for everyone involved. Many of these sites contain only information, with no ability to buy or sell anything. It is true that cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin and Monero, are often used for transactions on the dark web. However, one does not have to use the dark web to use cryptocurrencies.
The dark web and the deep web are also often erroneously used interchangeably. The deep web includes all the pages that don’t pop up when you run a web search. The dark web is just one part of the deep web. The deep web also contains everything requiring a login, such as online banking, pay sites, and file hosting services.
Advantages of the Dark Web
The dark web helps people to maintain privacy and freely express their views. Privacy is essential for many innocent people terrorized by stalkers and other criminals. The increasing tendency of potential employers to track posts on social media can also make it difficult to engage in honest discussions publicly. Finally, the popularity of the dark web with criminals makes it a perfect way for undercover police officers to communicate.
Disadvantages of the Dark Web
The dark web empowers ordinary people, but some people will inevitably abuse that power. The dark web can make it easier to commit some of the worst crimes. For example, the combination of the dark web and cryptocurrencies theoretically makes it much easier to hire someone to commit a murder. While the dark web promises privacy to its users, it can also be used to violate the privacy of others. Private photos, medical records, and financial information have all been stolen and shared on the dark web.
ONLINE SHOPPING
ONLINE SHOPPING
Shopping online is just like heading out to the store. You can often buy the same products online as available in a brick-and-mortar store and can sometimes score better sales.
Finding a Product
When you shop online, you have to start by searching for a product. This can be done by visiting a store’s website, or if you are not aware of any store that has the particular item you are looking for, or you’d like to compare prices between stores, you can always search for the items with a search engine and compare the results.
On major retail websites, companies will have pictures, descriptions, and prices. If a company or individual does not have the means to create a website, some sites like Amazon and Etsy make it possible for them to display products or build their own online stores for a monthly fee.
Other websites like eBay provide an auction format in which sellers can display items for a minimum price, and buyers can bid on these items until the listing ends or the seller chooses to award it to a buyer. Most stores also have placed virtual customer service centers on their websites, so you can either call, email, or chat with a live customer service representative if you have questions.
Buying and Receiving the Product
After selecting a product, the webpage usually has a “checkout” option. When you check out, you are often given a list of shipping and payment options. Shipping options include standard, expedited, and/or overnight shipping. Depending on the shipping company and your location, standard shipping usually takes seven to 21 business days, and expedited shipping can take anywhere from two to six business days.
There are typically various payment options available:
E-Check
This payment option is just like paying directly from your bank account. If you choose to pay by electronic check, you must enter your routing and account numbers. Once this is done, the amount is taken directly from your bank account.
Credit Card
When you pay by credit card, instead of swiping your card as you would at a brick-and-mortar store, you type the required credit card information into the provided fields. Required information includes your credit card number, expiration date, type of card (Visa, MasterCard, etc.), and verification/security number, usually the last three digits on the
back of the card above the signature.
Payment Vendors
Payment vendors or payment processing companies, such as PayPal, are e-commerce businesses that provide payment exchange services. They allow people to transfer money to one another without sharing financial information safely. Before you purchase through a payment vendor, you’ll need to set up an account first to verify your credit card and/or financial institution information.
Advantages of Online Trading
There are a lot of benefits gained from buying and selling online. These include:
Convenience: It is very convenient to shop from where you are located.
Cost Savings: With ever-increasing gas prices, shopping online saves you the cost of driving to stores, as well as parking fees. You will also save time by avoiding standing in line, particularly around the holidays, when stores are busy and packed with customers.
Variety: The Internet provides sellers with unlimited shelf space, so they are more likely to offer a wider variety of products than they would in brick-and-mortar stores.
No Pressure: No salesperson is hovering around and pressuring you to purchase in a virtual or online store.
Easy Comparison: Shopping online eliminates the need to wander from store to store comparing prices.
Disadvantages of Online Trading
There are also disadvantages to buying and selling online. These include:
Increased Risk of Identity Theft
When paying for your goods online, it can be straightforward for someone to intercept sensitive information, such as credit card numbers, home address, phone, and other account numbers.
Vendor Fraud
If the vendor/seller is fraudulent, they might accept your payment and either refuse to send you your item or send you the wrong or a defective product. Trying to rectify an incorrect order with a vendor through the Internet can be a hassle.
U.S. consumers can report fraud, abuse, and incidents of identity theft with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
Protecting Yourself While Shopping Online
Overall, the advantages of shopping online outweigh the disadvantages. That said, it is important to note that while they might be smaller in number, the disadvantages can be a major hardship.
While shopping online, it is essential to protect yourself and your information. Here are some tips that can help you take care of yourself:
Invest in Technology
It is a great idea to install antivirus and anti-phishing programs on your computer. An antivirus program will protect your computer from viruses. An anti-phishing program will attempt to protect you via cybersecurity from illegitimate sites that are designed to look like legitimate sites but actually collect your personal information for illegal activities.
Be Careful
Vendors do not have the right to ask for certain information. If a website requests your Social Security number, it is probably a scam. You will need to research the company requesting the information or exit that site as quickly as possible.
Research
If you are searching for an item using search engines, and you encounter a store or a website you have not heard about, make sure you check the bottom of the pages for an SSL logo.
SSL is a standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a web server and a browser. To be able to create an SSL connection, a web server requires an SSL certificate.
Shipping Check
Always read shipping policies posted on the seller’s website or beneath the product listing. Some sellers allow you to return an item within a specific period of time, while other vendors never accept returns.
The Bottom Line
Buying and selling online can be very convenient and rewarding, but you always have to protect yourself. If a deal looks too good to be true, it usually is. If you don’t feel 100% secure on a particular site, leave it, and find something else. Also, make sure that your computer is well protected before you begin any transaction that involves sensitive information. Many scams on the Internet can negatively affect your credit score and cost you money, so be proactive in your research to get the most out of shopping online.
SAVE TREES AND NATURE
SAVE TREES AND NATURE
From childhood, we have heard that trees are our best friend but in practical life, we didn’t see anyone who treats trees as their friends. Although they are the most valuable life source on the earth. They benefit every life form in a direct or indirect way. And the earth is connected to them to maintain a natural balance. In this essay on save trees, we are discussing the reason why our friends need saving.
They nourish us and protect us in many ways. Also, they keep our environment green and clean. So, it becomes our responsibility to repay them for the things they do for us by saving them. Besides, large trees are more beneficial than small ones because they capture more carbon, capture more water, combat the heat, filter greenhouse gases, gives shelter from heat and sunlight, etc. So, it can be said that we depend on them more rather than they on us.
essays on save trees
Advantages and Importance of Trees
As we have discussed the benefits of trees in short but here we are going to discuss them in detail. Plants and Trees fight the climatic changes that are destroying the earth. They also filter the air that we breathe and absorb all the harmful chemical gases and odors from the environment. Also, they take in the harmful carbon dioxide and gives out oxygen.
They are good for the diversity of flora and fauna. They give us food, shelter and many more things that we can’t count. Besides, they never demand anything from us and also prevent soil erosion, water evaporation. Above all, they control and manage the effects of wind, sun and, rain.
How to Save Trees?
The human has become aware and serious about this issue and started doing the best they can do to save trees. The forest departments and government have banned the illegal cutting of trees. And they are going digital so that they can save paper which will reduce the number of trees cut down for making paper.
Apart from that, the forest area after cutting of trees should be replanted with new ones. Also, we should teach our children to plant trees and ask them to pass it on their friends and acquaintances.
The least that we can do is to plant some pots in our home rooftops or garden and ask our neighbor to do the same. Also, if we see the removal of a tree then we should inform the local authority about it to create awareness. Above all, strict laws should be made for people who illegally or without permission cut these trees for their own benefits.
The various life form is able to survive on earth due to plants. If we remove plants from the earth even for one day then the survival of man will become difficult.
Besides, they are the source of water and fresh oxygen on earth. Cutting trees means destroying life on earth. So, the time has come that we to be responsible for the action we have done till now. And start finding ways to save this Green Gold.
THE NEGATIVE impact OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Many parents are concerned about how toddlers’ exposure to technology might effect their development. We know that our toddlers are rapidly developing new social and cognitive skills, and they don’t want hours spent hooked to an iPad to obstruct them. But adolescence is also a critical phase of rapid growth, and far too few of us are paying attention to how our adolescents’ use of technology, much more intense and intimate than a 3-year-old playing with dad’s iPhone affects them. In fact, experts are concerned that the social media and text messaging that have become so prevalent in adolescent life are increasing anxiety and reducing self-esteem.
Young people report that there may be solid grounds to be concerned. In a poll performed by the Royal Society for Public Health, 14-24 year olds in the United Kingdom were questioned how social media platforms affected their health and well-being. According to the study findings, Snapchat, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram all raised feelings of despair, anxiety, poor body image, and loneliness. Sites like Facebook and Instagram appear to amplify feelings that others are having more fun or enjoying better lives than you. The feeling that you’re missing out on some things might lower your self-esteem, cause worry, and drive you to use social media even more. This fear of missing out can drive you to pick up your phone every few minutes to check for updates, or to respond compulsively to each and every alert—even if it means risking your life while driving, skipping out on sleep, or choosing social media involvement above real-world relationships. According to a study conducted at the University of Pennsylvania, excessive use of Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram enhances rather than lowers feelings of loneliness. In contrast, the study discovered that limiting your use of social media can help you feel less lonely and isolated, as well as increase your general wellbeing. Approximately 10% of kids report being bullied on social media, while many other users receive nasty comments. Twitter, for example, can be a hub for spreading harmful rumours, lies, and abuse that can cause long-lasting emotional scars. Sharing endless selfies and your deepest thoughts on social media can lead to an unhealthy self-centeredness and remove you from real-life friendships. Even if you are aware that the photographs you see on social media have been faked, they can nevertheless make you feel anxious about how you appear or what is going on in your own life. Similarly, we are all aware that others like to relate just the great aspects of their lives, rarely the terrible points that everyone goes through. But that doesn’t make you feel any less envious or dissatisfied when you’re going through a friend’s retouched images of their exotic beach vacation or reading about their fantastic new job promotion.
HOW TO CONTROL THIS ADDICTION– While 30 minutes a day may not be a realistic goal for many of us, we can still benefit from limiting our time on social media. For the majority of us, this means limiting our use of smartphones. You should use an app to track how much time you spend each day on social media. Then you can decide how much you want to cut it by. You can turn off your phone when you’re driving, in a meeting, at the gym, eating supper, spending time with offline friends, or playing with your children. Don’t bring your phone to the restroom & don’t bring your phone or tablet to bed with you, turn off devices and place them in another room to charge overnight. If you have a habit of checking your phone every few minutes, try restricting your checks to once every 15 minutes. Then every 30 minutes, then every hour. There are apps that might limit how much time you have access to your phone. Remove social networking apps from your phone and only use your tablet or computer to access Facebook, Twitter, and other sites. If you think this is too drastic, try removing one social media app at a time to see how much you really miss it. You can try to shift your focus on other activities like sports, studies and spending that time with you family. These are few steps you can try to limit the use of your phone.
DOCTORS IN PENDAMIC
DOCTORS IN PENDAMIC
CURRENT SITUATION
Doctors and healthcare workers who are responding to a global health crisis—trying to protect individuals, families and communities in adverse situations with stretched resources, shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and other equipment’s—have found themselves as unexpected targets in the fight against COVID-19. There have been several reported incidences of such violence against them during this pandemic time in India. Although the exact numbers of such cases cannot be determined, there are a few glaring examples: on 8 April 2020, two trainee doctors in New Delhi were allegedly assaulted by a neighbour who accused them of spreading the disease. On19 April 2020, the burial of a neurosurgeon who had died after contracting COVID-19 in Chennai was disrupted by a mob who attacked the undertakers. The citizens’ opposition was due to a misconception that the contagion may spread in the neighbourhood if the surgeon was buried there. A group of public health workers in Indore, a city in central India, who were trying to ‘contact-trace’ a person, were descended upon by a group of 100 people pelting stones and drove them away. Increasingly, reports pour in of doctors being spat on, hurled abuses at and driven away.
CHALLENGES FACED BY THE DOCTORS AND HEALTHCARE WORKERS
The reasons for violence against healthcare workers may vary from fear, anxiety, panic, misinformation (as to how the SARS CoV-2 virus outbreak may spread and affect individuals), mistrust and misplaced quotes in the social-media.11 Government hospitals in India are inundated in such public health crisis with lack of adequate facilities, equipment and infrastructure are other quoted reasons. The private hospital sectors have largely shut down to non-emergency admissions, and people find it difficult to access medical aid. Aggressive emotional response of relatives may sometimes boil over with frustration exhibited in the form of damage to the healthcare facilities and verbal or physical violence against the healthcare personnel. The situation is being made more difficult as health units and professionals in some government hospitals highlight shortage of PPE but do receive hostile response from hostile hospital administration. Health professionals are recognised as ‘newer untouchables’. People are panicked about catching COVID-19 from medical workers or being stigmatised for having contracted it themselves.
STRATEGIES TO COMBAT VIOLENCE
Better communication
A better and timely communication with the aggrieved patients and their family members is the key to avoid violence and untoward incidences. Due to shortage of time and to maintain social distancing norms, often the verbal and direct communication between doctors and patients is lacking during this pandemic. It leaves the patient and the family ‘in the dark’ and unsatisfied. The hospitals should designate some social workers and counsellors to coordinate with them on a regular basis to allay any fears.
Role of media
Social media including both the printed and the digital media has a significant role in the spread of information in India and are known to sensationalise stories about medical negligence and malpractice. The widespread news coverage about COVID-19 has heightened anxiety and fear among the Indian public. Social media platforms can play a positive role in the current pandemic collaborating with Government agencies to provide an effective information campaign to educate the public about the diagnosis, spread, containment and prevention strategies against COVID-19 transmission. The uptake of ‘Aarogya Setu’—Indian government’s COVID-19 contact tracing application—can be promoted by smart phone technology companies and web providers to minimise the spread of COVID-19, thus help to safely reduce lockdown measures. This will help prevent a ‘second wave’ of viral outbreak in the future.
Self-defence
Violence against doctors is underreported in India, perhaps because the doctors fear for their personal safety and harassment from public, administration and law enforcement system. Recently, doctors and government institutions have started to take steps to protect themselves against violence. Marshalls have been posted at large central government hospitals in Delhi in their accident and emergency department. The All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, has started self-defence training among doctors for protection. At places, doctors have had to evaluate patients from a distance to avoid assault and this hampers history taking and examination of the patient properly.
Government strategy
Concerned with the rising violence against the doctors and healthcare workers, the Indian government has recently issued an ordinance that makes violence against healthcare workers a non-bailable offence, punishable by up to 7 years imprisonment. The Ordinance—an amendment of India’s age-old Epidemic Diseases Act 1897— seeks to protect doctors, nurses, and paramedic and community health workers from harassment or physical injury, which has been introduced following an upsurge of violence against healthcare workers since the start of COVID-19 pandemic. It has been welcomed by all quarters to rein in violence and punish the wrongdoers. It is expected to be a deterrent, if applied and executed strictly. However, currently, it is an amendment of the epidemic act and it is unclear how the regulation will be applied once the pandemic has resolved. Recently, to give support and respect to emergency workers like doctors and paramedics during the COVID-19 pandemic, the government has urged people to clap or ring any musical instrument on a designated day and time. This has improved the respect of healthcare workers and corona warriors to some extent.
Role of telemedicine
Telehealth has been a game changer and one of the positives that has emerged out of this COVID-19 pandemic and will be an integral part of healthcare in the post-COVID-19 era. Use of telehealth will reduce the face-to-face contact of patient and thus may reduce the physical assault to the doctors to some extent. The thought of recording of the telemedicine services may force the patients and their caregivers to behave properly and thus prevent verbal abuse and threats.
Role of education and better primary healthcare
Education of the masses and better access to primary healthcare services is vital to reduce violence against doctors and healthcare workers. Time has to identify effective ways and means to improve and strengthen public health education and practice. This is necessary not only to educate the population about the importance of prevention of infection, hand hygiene in preventing communicable diseases prevalent in India but also the importance of various healthcare workers in delivering healthcare programmes. Doctors and healthcare workers need to be supported in carrying out their fight against global health crisis such as COVID-19 pandemic, understand their limitations due to lack of resources and thus minimise incidents of violence. Establishment of better primary healthcare facilities such as Delhi’s Mohalla (community) and Mumbai’s Swasth (health) clinics is one of the right ways forward to access local healthcare.
CONCLUSION
COVID-19 health crisis has exacerbated violence against doctors and healthcare workers. They have become unforeseen targets in the fight against the current pandemic. For a sustainable protection of the healthcare workers, the current Ordinance needs to be further extended and incorporated into existing laws in the form of a strict, permanent legislation that is strictly enforced. It would improve the safety of the very individuals who carry out their duties fearlessly for the benefit of sick patients, either during a health crisis such as the current pandemic or during traditional times.
INDIAN ECONOMY
The economy of India is characterised as a middle income developing market economy. It is the world’s sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), on a per capita income basis, India ranked 145th by GDP (nominal) and 122th by GDP (PPP). From independence in 1947 until 1991, successive governments promoted protectionist economic policies with extensive state intervention and economic regulation, which is characterised as dirigism, in the form of the License Raj. The end of the Cold War and an acute balance of payments crisis in 1991 led to the adoption of a broad economic liberalisation in India. Since the start of the 21st century, annual average GDP growth has been 6% to 7%, and from 2013 to 2018, India was the world’s fastest growing major economy, surpassing China. Historically, India was the largest economy in the world for most of the two millennia from the 1st until the 19th century.
The long-term growth perspective of the Indian economy remains positive due to its young population and corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings, and investment rates, increasing globalisation in India and integration into the global economy. The economy slowed in 2017, due to shocks of “demonetisation” in 2016 and the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax in 2017. Nearly 60% of India’s GDP is driven by domestic private consumption and continues to remain the world’s sixth-largest consumer market. Apart from private consumption, India’s GDP is also fueled by government spending, investment, and exports. In 2019, India was the world’s ninth-largest importer and the twelfth-largest exporter. India has been a member of the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995. It ranks 63rd on the Ease of doing business index and 68th on the Global Competitiveness Report. With 500 million workers, the Indian labour force is the world’s second-largest as of 2019. India has one of the world’s highest number of billionaires and extreme income inequality. Since India has a vast informal economy, barely 2% of Indians pay income taxes. During the 2008 global financial crisis the economy faced a mild slowdown, India undertook stimulus measures (both fiscal and monetary) to boost growth and generate demand; in subsequent years economic growth revived. According to the 2017 PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) report, India’s GDP at purchasing power parity could overtake that of the United States by 2050. According to World Bank, to achieve sustainable economic development India must focus on public sector reform, infrastructure, agricultural and rural development, removal of land and labour regulations, financial inclusion, spur private investment and exports, education, and public health.
In 2020, India’s ten largest trading partners were the United States, China, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Korea, and Malaysia. In 2019–20, the foreign direct investment (FDI) in India was $74.4 billion with the service sector, computer, and telecom industry remains leading sectors for FDI inflows. India has free trade agreements with several nations, including ASEAN, SAFTA, Mercosur, South Korea, Japan, and several others which are in effect or under negotiating stage. The service sector makes up 50% of GDP and remains the fastest growing sector, while the industrial sector and the agricultural sector employs a majority of the labor force. The Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange are some of the world’s largest stock exchanges by market capitalization. India is the world’s sixth-largest manufacturer, representing 3% of global manufacturing output, and employs over 57 million people. Nearly 66% of India’s population is rural, and contributes about 50% of India’s GDP. It has the world’s fourth-largest foreign-exchange reserves worth $585 billion. India has a high public debt with 89% of GDP, while its fiscal deficit stood at 9.5% of GDP India’s government-owned banks faced mounting bad debt, resulting in low credit growth, simultaneously the NBFC sector has been engulfed in a liquidity crisis. India faces moderate unemployment, rising income inequality, and a drop in aggregate demand. India’s gross domestic savings rate stood at 30.1% of GDP in FY 2019. In recent years, independent economists and financial institutions have accused the government of fudging various economic data, especially GDP growth.
India is the world’s largest manufacturer of generic drugs, and its pharmaceutical sector fulfills over 50% of the global demand for vaccines. The Indian IT industry is a major exporter of IT services with $191 billion in revenue and employs over four million people. India’s chemical industry is extremely diversified and estimated at $178 billion. The tourism industry contributes about 9.2% of India’s GDP and employs over 42 million. India ranks second globally in food and agricultural production, while agricultural exports were $35.09 billion. The construction and real estate sector ranks third among the 14 major sectors in terms of direct, indirect, and induced effects in all sectors of the economy. The Indian textiles industry is estimated at $100 billion and contributes 13% of industrial output and 2.3% of India’s GDP while employs over 45 million people directly. India’s telecommunication industry is the world’s second largest by the number of mobile phone, smartphone, and internet users. It is the world’s 25th-largest oil producer and the third-largest oil consumer. The Indian automobile industry is the world’s fifth-largest by production. It has $1.17 trillion worth of retail market which contributes over 10% of India’s GDP and has one of the world’s fastest growing e-commerce markets. India has the world’s fourth-largest natural resources, with the mining sector contributing 11% of the country’s industrial GDP and 2.5% of total GDP. It is also the world’s second-largest coal producer, the second-largest cement producer, the second-largest steel producer, and the third-largest electricity producer.
Self help and personality development
Here is a simple, short definition:
Self improvement is an inner process, which focuses on changing one’s attitude toward oneself and toward the world, and on getting rid of harmful habits and building new good habits.
- The purpose of this inner process is to improve your behavior and habits, and to create happiness and satisfaction into your life.
- Another purpose is to improve the ability to cope with the various situations that you encounter in your life.
- The aims of self-improvement are to learn to adopt a positive mindset, to get rid of negative habits, and to build positive habits and behavior.
- It is a process to make ourselves better and happier people.
Self-improvement usually starts by becoming more aware of ourselves, our behavior and our reactions. It requires that we earnestly desire to improve ourselves, better our life, and build good relations with people.
The most fulfilling path to success and personal fulfillment comes through the pursuit of your own self-development. The radically successful and happy immerse themselves in self-development and a deep interest in life and relationships. Through self-exploration they remain openly curious and passionate about their self-education and improvement. They hold the belief that they can only learn if they are willing to risk themselves personally and professionally.
Through life’s experiences, good and bad, you become able and ready to be proactive in all your efforts, challenges and successes. You choose to no longer wait for success or happiness or success, you go out and make it happen. Making a commitment to your own development is the first step on the path to living your personal legend.
1. Sense of self.
Self-improvement begins with a keen awareness of who you are, your values, beliefs and the larger purpose you wish to pursue. True satisfaction can only manifest from chasing your own dreams. Life, people and business can be hard and insensitive, so remind yourself that you are more than the sum total of other people’s opinions and continue pursuing what is meaningful to you.
2. Sense of curiosity.
To live successfully, be endlessly curious about all the possibilities your future holds. It is important to have an unquenchable thirst for your advancement and for adventure. Curiosity inspires you to push through the unusually painful trials and errors in your lif5e and business, leading. This type of resiliency is an acquired self-discipline which teaches you to cast your fears aside bringing you to the fullest experience of the adventures success can bring.
Curiosity creates a longing to know more and do more. It inspires that energy which makes it possible to see all situations as opportunities for your advancement. When you approach life and business with a sense of adventure, there is no situation, however limiting, physically or economically, which cannot be filled to the brim with the interest and curiosity of how it will all work out.Without a sense of curiosity it is impossible to grow.
3. Sense of direction.
The more you develop yourself the more pristine you become in achieving what you want. This clarity makes decision-making easier because having a direction improves your ability to prioritize. You know which objectives are important in the short term and which are necessary for your long term. With a sense of direction you become focused and effective.
There is nothing more organizing to an effort than being focused. Direction provides commitment. It is difficult to commit to something that has no foreseeable future or path. If you are filled with doubt and a lack of clarity there is no way to launch your ideas. Self-development gives you direction, and thereby, the commitment to achieve your ends.
4. Sense of follow through.
Knowing what you want to achieve makes it easier for you to see the benefits of taking action. Even when the tasks at hand are not enjoyable, seeing the benefit of following through on them, will make it easier to motivate yourself into taking the necessary actions to achieve your set goals. There is much truth in the saying, when there is a will there is a way.
When you are committed to personal development, you always find a way to develop the necessary will. Your idea of success and the vision of what that will look like is where you grab your incentive to always follow through.
5. Sense of urgency.
A sense of urgency drives inspiration. Urgency creates the mindset to work as if your life depends upon it, especially if you have fewer resources than others. When you are the underdog you will dig deep inside yourself for the advances you need in order to thrive.
Urgency causes you activate quickly when making decisions. You get out of your routine and do something different. It motivates you to get results quickly and efficiently, but it does not eliminate assessment. If want to produce getting results faster you must assess what is and what is not working, then eliminate the efforts which have been identified as wasteful. Keep in mind it is easier to steer a moving object, so if you realize you have made a poor decision, a sense of urgency allows you to adjust. If you wait too long you miss opportunities and chances.
6. Sense of resiliency.
There will be tough times in life and business. When tough times occur, you need the skills and attributes to deal effectively with them. Personal development cannot prevent all bad things from occurring but it helps you deal with obstacles as they surface.
Resiliency teaches you never to view any challenge as the end of the world. Resilience allows you the patience, awareness and fortitude to continue moving forward, even if that means completely changing course.
Self-development deepens your maturity to trust that everything happens for reasons which can only be in line with your best interest. With this type of mindset, there is no obstacle that will hold you back. You will have greater confidence, pliability, and the personal and interpersonal skills to cope with any obstacle you face in climb up the ladder of success.
7. Sense of connectedness.
Relationships can be double-edged swords. They either lift you up or drag you down. They either bring you closer to your goals or push you further away. When you improve your personal development, you are better able to see which relationships and partnerships are worth investing in and which you need to cut loose. This type of self-awareness gives you the skills to make the best of the relationships which have a positive impact on your life, your business and your overall success.
If you aren’t learning then you aren’t living. Make the commitment to invest in your greatest resource – You. Many people are put off by personal development because it viewed as a weakness or something which shows you do not already possess the skills necessary for success. If you assume you already it all, you will not be happy or successful. The greatest achievers in life and business know the key to success is their ability to manage themselves in a variety of situations. That ability comes through personal development.
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