Commerce 11th and 12th Subjects – CBSE Board

 

Introduction to Commerce Stream – Class XI and XII

According to the state, the Economic Survey portrayed enrollment of more than 2.73 lakh students in arts courses and more than 2.67 lakh students opted for commerce in 2017-18 all over Maharashtra. 

Commerce is a field that is gaining popularity. You can see its uses everywhere in your life.  Ration shops, banks, schools, advertisements on television. Everything today is a business. And thus, everything is commerce.

 

When you go from class X to XI you have a lot of pressure of choosing a stream. And what if you are giving a thought about opting for commerce as your stream? Chartered Commerce is a commerce coaching institution in Patna. It can help you to solve this problem of choice. It can help you with all the doubts related to the commerce stream. 

 

The Commerce stream has a lot of career options. It teaches marketing and can be a good choice for you. Its importance in the field of economic growth is remarkable. If you want to increase your knowledge about trading between the nations and within the nations, you can choose this stream. Also, the passing percentage of commerce students are higher than other stream students. According to BSEB, among all the students who gave the commerce examination, 91.48% passed. Whereas in the arts stream 77.9 percent of students passed, followed by the science stream 76.28%. 

The Commerce stream deals with the managing of the business, financing. Economic development is also a vast field of commerce. On a basic level, in class XI and XII commerce, you study the basics of all the 3 subjects of commerce:

 

• Accountancy

 

• Business Studies

 

• Economics

 

Economics has subfields which are Statistics and Microeconomics in class 11. Macroeconomics and Indian Economy in class 12.

 

Subjects in Commerce Stream

 

Accountancy

 

Basic knowledge of mathematics, like addition, subtraction, percentage, Ratio is important in accounts. Accountancy focuses on making balance sheets of the companies. It allocates, records, and makes books of accounts of the company’s transactions. An accountant also keeps records of both inter-firms and Intra-firms transactions.

 

Accountancy manages and maintains the goodwill of the company. Goodwill is the hidden value of the non-materialistic value of the company. One of the fields of accounting is ‘financial accounting’. It takes the record of the information which may go outside the company.

 

It depicts the true image of the company’s financial position. Records make it easier to compare data and check the progress of the company. It also helps in finding the drawbacks of the company’s financial position. 

 

Business Studies

 

Business studies is a subject that polishes your management skills. It upgrades your knowledge about trending issues in the market. Its core topics are marketing, financial marketing, and in-depth study about organizational working. With the insight into the working of the business, it also enhances your leadership as well as communication skills.

 

The subject expands your knowledge about features of business firms. Not only with business, but it also develops your skills to deal with people. Dealing with people and motivating them to work better is an important part of a leader. The subject evolves your human management skill and makes you a people person. Thus, business studies help to make you a good leader.

 

Business is an art. How beautifully you manage it is your talent. Business studies as a subject develops this skill of managing a business like an art.

 

It builds discipline in students and trains them to work in a professional environment. 

Few people have the quality of being a good businessman. They just need to brush up on their skills and business studies give you that opportunity. It also develops the understanding of a business’s contribution to the economic growth of society.

 

Economics

 

The shortage of resources and their irresponsible use is causing loss to the environment. It is the responsibility of youth to carry sustainable development in the economy. Thus, this subject – economics, is important for students. It teaches you effective management of resources. In class XI commerce you will study statistics and microeconomics. Microeconomics deals with the problem and development of the economy at an individual level. It studies the effect of individuals on the economy.

 

Whereas, in class XII commerce you will study Indian economics and macroeconomics. The history of anything is important for a greater view of the subject. Indian economics covers the history of the Indian economy before and after 1947. Macroeconomics will be your second book. In this, you will study the effect of the whole on the economy.

 

You might be curious to know the budget plans and policies of the government. You might want to know how this policy formation happens. Economics helps to clear your doubts related to policy formation. It gives you broader learning of the government’s policy formation. It also determines coordination between different firms for greater profit.

 

Optional Subject

 

Schools offer many optional subjects with commerce like, physical education, tabla, vocal, mathematics, information technology, etc.

 

But choosing a good combination of subjects helps you in near future. Here are a few subjects you should consider opt for if available in your school.

 

Informatics Practices

 

Information practice can be a good option for you because of the rising trend in the IT sector. You can have a good career in this field as an alternative. IP as a subject has coding and teaches different computer languages, C++, JAVA, PYTHON, etc.

 

Mathematics

 

Mathematics can be a good optional subject for you as it is a good combination with commerce. Many universities applying criteria for BBA and B.com Hons have a compulsion of mathematics in classes XI and XII.

 

Entrepreneurship

 

Few schools are also offering entrepreneurship as a new optional subject. It goes hand in hand with the commerce stream. A good business demands a person who knows where to invest and how to invest. If you are studying this subject as your major it can help you a lot in the future.

 Yoga – The state of liberation

Introduction 

In our everyday life, we are rushing so fast that we don’t have a moment to relax and think about ourselves.

 

“Eating healthy is important for a good digestive system and,

practicing yoga is essential for avoiding unwanted symptoms.”

 

For developing a healthy body and mind it is crucial to practice yoga daily. Forty-five minutes from our life for ourselves will be mesmerizingly beneficial for us. Exercising yoga doesn’t need sophisticated arrangements and extensive equipment. It requires a commitment for blessing your life with more peace and making it blissful.

We can practice yoga at our home and the first step to begin is, waking up early in the morning. Waking early has many health benefits. We also get the opportunity to witness the beautiful sunrise. Yoga should always begin with the right frame of mind by calming it and chanting om for 2-3 minutes. Chanting om vibration helps you to concentrate and breathe properly. The next step for yoga is corpse posture or Shavasana. You can practice this by lying on the ground on your back. In this posture you resemble a corpse, thus it is called corpse posture. Remember to smoothly transpose from one posture to another and not hurt your muscles.

The second posture you can practice is Chakrasana, the wheel pose. It gives a great stretch to all the muscles of the body.

Then rise and perform the next asana, forward bending, and backward bending. In forward bending, bend your body from the waist and try touching your toes with your fingers. Remember to not bend your knees.

Then come back to a normal position and keep your hands on your waist and bend back as much as comfortable. Forward bending and backward bending helps to ease the lower back pain and tension and stress in the waist area.

You can perform several asanas or yoga for your neck and shoulders. Most of our time today is spent sitting in front of the phone or laptop. Our neck and shoulders are strained and we don’t pay careful attention to it.

Practice shoulder rotation and Lord Brahma’s pose for reducing tension and stress in neck and shoulder areas. You should always remember to end the yoga the way you begin it, that is by breathing correctly and chanting Om. Give yourself 5 minutes for meditating after performing yoga. This will help magically in calming your mind and enhancing concentration.

 

Yoga has several unbelievable medical benefits if practiced regularly. Self-love is very important for each one of us and self-care comes from yoga. Taking care of your body, mind, and soul should never be neglected.

Digging in the history of yoga

 

In the early days of yoga, scriptures and manuscripts were not found. Due to its oral transmission, its history has uncertain records. Writing of yoga took place on the flimsy palm leaves during ancient times. It was easily damaged and lost. Thus there is little or no proof and records of yoga during ancient history.

 

5000 years ago yoga came into existence. It’s debatable between researchers that yoga’s discovery took place 10,000 years ago. Yoga history has four main periods; Pre-Classical, Classical, Post Classical and Modern history.

 

Pre Classical

 

5000 years ago, yoga originated in Indus Sarasvati Civilization, Northern India. The word yoga was first written in Rig Veda. With time yoga kept refining and developing my brahmans and rishis. Bhagwat Gita is one of the holiest books representing the theme of yoga in 500 B.C.E. . We know Upanishad for its values and ideas of self-realization. It also portrays the idea of sacrifice, sacrificing ego by understanding ourselves. It tells us the importance of actions (karma-yoga) and wisdom (jnana yoga).

Classical Yoga – Patanjali

 

Classical yoga is primarily known as Patanjali’s yoga sutra. This represented a systematic form of yoga. Patanjali yoga portrayed the path of Raja yoga, thus being classical yoga. Besides doing yoga for keeping body fit, it also helped in learning to get samadhi. This type of yoga has 8 steps that guide us through the way of enlightenment and samadhi. This is the oldest form of yoga and is known as “Father of Yoga.”

Post-Classical Yoga

 

Post-classical yoga didn’t accept the teachings of Vedas. It says that the body is a medium to achieve enlightenment. This yoga is a practice to rejuvenate the body and show us a prolonged life. Tantra yoga made us realize the importance of separation from physical existence. This yoga helped in cleansing the body, mind, and soul and making us realize the purpose of our existence. It taught body is only the medium of connecting with the world. This led to the emergence of hatha yoga west.

Modern Period

Yoga masters were traveling to the different corners of the world, 1800-1900. Countries were showering flowers and respect on them. They were becoming the center of attraction for everyone. The promotion of hatha yoga begins in 1920-30 in India. India was under the embrace of yoga. Yogis such as Krishnamacharya and Sivananda inspired others to practice Hatha yoga. In 1924 Krishnamacharya opened the first known yoga school in Mysore. Sivananda initiated a divine life society on the banks of the holy Ganga river. Hatha yoga which was not known by many has many schools and training centers now.

 

Though yoga was popularizing at the time, Yoga sutras weren’t accepted universally. Women also practiced yoga but their names remain unsung. They were sexually objectified or invisible. There is no picture of women practicing yoga before the modern period. Yogis believed that women’s companies should not be included by men in yoga.  

Yoga and its types 

Hatha Yoga

 

It is the type of yoga that deepens the learning of balance in us. It enhances a balanced state of mind as well as body. “ha” means sun and “ta” means moon, Hatha is thus the art of balancing the sun and moon in you. Hatha yoga helps in preparing the body physically and consciously practicing the postures. It is the art of manipulating energy and moving the system in a particular direction.

Ashtanga Yoga

 

It is the art of moving the body smoothly and gracefully. Maintaining the force of breath is essential in this yoga. This is the second oldest system of yoga. It is the form of modern classical yoga. It is known as the eight-limb path of yoga attributed to Patanjali. This represents the guidelines to live life gracefully. They are the methods practiced by different practitioners to see what works for them. This yoga helps in achieving full self-realization.

Yin Yoga

 

Ancient Chinese philosophy talks about yin and yang. it intends towards discovering the negative and positive side of ourselves. Yin is for the dark side and yang for the lighter side. It signifies that we have both negative and positive sides us and both need to be found. Yin yoga is the slow form of yoga. The practice of yoga takes place slowly transforming from one posture to another. Yin means feminine form of yoga, which portrays gentleness and patience. Yang is the more masculine form of yoga teaching us forces. It is necessary for the body to be smooth and gentle as well as applying force. It tells that both feminine, as well as masculine aspects of life, is necessary for growth. Intimacy with ourselves is an important aspect of life. Yin yoga rejuvenates that intimacy within us.

 

Acro Yoga

 

Acro yoga is a combination of aerobics and yoga. The sublime combination of these two brings kindness towards others. It builds trust in others as well as ourselves. It involves a group of partners. One partner lifts another and this builds trust among them. It teaches us self-control and aware us of our body. It also teaches us how to make quick decisions. Acro yoga isn’t necessarily sexual, it is more of building trust in your partner. Trust deepens and strengthens the bond between you and your partner. This yoga is also known as couple yoga.

 

Kundalini Yoga

 

Kundalini Yoga brings energy in our spine into awareness. There is the divine energy that lies in the base of the spine. It involves various forms of asanas, meditations, and chanting om. This form of yoga increases energy in our body. An increase in energy can make our body hot, thus needs to practice with care arises. This yoga enlightens your spiritual self. People believe it as the power associated with the divine feminine. If not practiced with caution, the great energy created by this yoga can damage your physical body. It can result in physical as well as mental illness. It helps in reducing stress and anxieties, thus calms our mind. It is the form of yoga that helps in appreciating and appraising ourselves.

Throwing light on false beliefs 

For a long time, the culture of yoga is entrapped in a lot of myths. A lot of false beliefs are occupying people’s minds. There are many stigmas related to yoga that slows the spreading of a beautiful culture.

 

Yoga does not belong to one religion

 

People from ancient history believe that yoga belongs to a specific religion. The taboo is set that no other religion than specified can practice yoga. It is wrong to say that yoga is for only one religion or restricts to some people. Yoga is for everyone and contributes equal benefits for all. Everyone should enjoy and feel the immense befits of yoga. No one denies no one to practice yoga and stops them to grow. Yoga is very important for self-actualization and the realization of each one of us.

 

Yoga is not only bodily posture

 

People believe that yoga only means to transform from one body posture to another. Yoga is more than just postures. Breathing techniques play a crucial role in practicing yoga. Yoga also involves stillness and sitting quietly. It emphasizes focusing our mind inward and enlightening with self-awareness.

 

We can not learn yoga through books

 

Yoga is a broad topic and requires specialized training. Books can not help you a lot in learning the true essence of yoga. Though it can tell you the benefits of practicing particular types of yoga, it can not convey the right manner to practice it. Even the minute details are necessary for practicing yoga perfectly. If you are keen to learn the correct forms of yoga, you should always learn from professionals.

 

You need not be flexible

 

Flexibility comes from yoga itself. You need not be flexible before practicing yoga. Regular practice will bring flexibility to your body. We all are blessed with different types of bodies. We should always appreciate it and adore them. Yoga is done for bringing flexibility to your body. If you are not flexible at the beginning of yoga that does not mean you are not good.

 

Yoga does not mean being vegan

 

It is not true that for practicing yoga you need to change your complete lifestyle. Eating healthy is important for yoga but it doesn’t point towards complete change. It does not mean to sacrifice everything. You can eat junk (sometimes), drink milk, and your favorite things. Yoga does not point towards changing yourself into a yogi and making sacrifices. You can practice yoga as who you are, and change into the best version of yourself.

 

Yoga is for asthmatic patients

 

It is one of those taboos that yoga is not practiced by patients with asthma. Yoga teaches you different forms of breathing which increases the flow of oxygen. It is more beneficial for asthma patients than anyone. Your medical problems can also resolve by practicing yoga. It is a medication in itself.

Yoga practices in different countries 

Different type of yoga is popular in different regions. A single type of yoga has a variety of forms. Different countries explore a particular type of yoga completely and become famous.

 

• Mysore and Kerala are popular for Hatha yoga, the type of yoga that deepens the learning of balance in us.

• Mysore in India and Melbourne in Australia is popular for another type of yoga. Ashtanga Yoga, the eight-limb path of yoga is popular in these places.

• Yin Yoga is a popular form of yoga in Bali. Bali is famous as a yoga destination.

• Vancouver in Canada is famous for Acro Yoga.

Other Popular yoga destinations

 

• Goa in India

• Rishikesh, India

• Ibiza in Spain

• Koh Phangan, Thailand.

• Koh Samui, Thailand.

• Algarve, Portugal.

• Costa Rica.

Benefits of yoga 

Yoga is a habit that can change us and our lives. It can have a great impact on us. It can change us into different people and help us to realize our true potential. Yoga has benefits for everyone, whether it’s a student, young adult, or old age people.

 

Benefits of yoga for students

 

• Reduction in stress and anxiety

Yoga helps students to live in the moment. It calms their mind and diverts them from daily problems. The mind of a student is always working and learning new things. They are at the age when they shape their lives. And the pressure of shaping their life into the best brings a lot of anxiety and stress. Meditation and yoga postures help them to deal graciously with them.

 

• Improves memory and attention

Meditation practiced in yoga helps in concentrating the mind in one direction. It helps students in paying attention in class. It increases the elaborative rehearsal power and techniques in students which strengthens memory. Yoga also helps to aid ADHD ( Attention deficit hyper disorder ) thus reducing impulsiveness. Increased concentration reduces the absence of mind in school.

 

• Manage weight

Students have a lot of pressure of studies on them. They are not able to pay attention to their daily routine. This is also an age when they are developing taste and interested in tasting varieties of food. Eating more junk food can hamper their health. Yoga thus helps them to curb health problems.

 

Benefits of yoga for old age people

 

• Flexibility and core balance

Yoga helps in strengthening the core of old age people. With the growing age, their bones become weaker. They are unable to follow daily routines and walk properly. Most old-age people suffer from pain in knee joints. Regular practice of yoga helps in healing pain and increasing flexibility. It makes their bones stronger. It makes them fit to do their work.

 

• Deeper breathing

Old age people have breathing problems. Different pranayama and breathing techniques help them to breathe properly. Rapid exhalation and other forms of breathing help to increase the flow of oxygen in the lungs. It also increases blood circulation in the body. It is also helpful in curbing the blood pressure problems faced by old age people.

 

Conclusion

For developing a healthy body and mind it is crucial to practice yoga daily. 

5000 years ago yoga came into existence. It’s debatable between researchers that yoga’s discovery took place 10,000 years ago. Yoga history has four main periods; Pre-Classical, Classical, Post Classical and Modern history.

 

There are various types of yoga:-

1. Hatha Yoga

2. Ashtanga Yoga

3. Yin Yoga

4. Acro Yoga

5. Kundalini Yoga

 

Yoga can change us into different people and help us to realize our true potential. Yoga has benefits for everyone, whether it’s a student, young adult, or old age people.

  IPC Section 100

IPC Section 100 is the extension for the right of private defense causing death. In the case of private defense, it explains to which extent the law exempts the guilty to take the life of someone. The right of defense given in Section 100 of IPC is a subject of Section 99 of IPC. Section 100 doesn’t extend the right of private defense in the case of restrictions given in the preceding section.

This means under Section 100 in some cases assaulted persons can cause harm or death to the attacker.

 

Extended cases of IPC Section 100

 

• Case 1 – the reason for death

Case 1 extends for any action by the attacker which causes death or can cause the death of a person. It permits the victim to take action which can cause harm or death to the attacker.

 

• Case 2 – serious harm or injury

Case 2 extends to any attack which can lead to serious harm to the victim or causes any serious harm. The assaulted person can hurt the attacker in this situation for their safety. It can also lead to the death of the attacker.

 

• Case 3 – intention to rape

Case 3 extends the law for the assault who are prone to get raped by the attacker. If the attacker intends to rape then the victim can harm the attacker. They can be the cause of the death of the attacker in this situation.

 

• Case 4 – gratifying unnatural lust

The offense mentioned in Section 377 of unnatural lust signifies this. If an attacker tries to please his unnatural lust with the victim, they have the right to hurt or kill them. The victim can inflict any harm on the attacker in this case.

 

• Case 5 – Kidnapping or abducting

If an attacker tries to assault by kidnaping or abducting they can suffer the consequence. The victim has the right to kill or hurt them.

• Case 6 – Confinement 

An assault with the attacker confining the person in the wrong way. The attacker restricts the person in the wrong and they are not able to reach the public authorities. In this condition, the victim has the right to hurt or kill the attacker. 

 

• Case 7 – Act of throwing Acid

If an attacker tries to throw acid on the person it will severely hurt the victim severely. In this case, the victim has the right to prevent themselves by killing or harming the attacker.

 

Purpose of IPC Section 100

Indian penal code has approved this law because they want us to stand for ourselves and for others. This act gives us permission to kill or harm any person who tries to hurt our privacy. It does not restrict to any one gender. It is the same for all. This law is for the provision of self-defense by providing us the right to private defense. The Constitution of India and the Indian Penal Code understand that a person needs to be brave. Though we have police constables and laws to punish, they might fail to be available sometimes. In those times we can be our own heroes and protect ourselves. The law permits us the right to take actions for ourselves and for others. This scares the attacker from taking harmful actions.

This law also states that people should stand for themselves first and then for others. When in a difficult situation one should first protect their lives and then others. It is important to be kind and helpful but not at the cost of your life. You can contribute to society in the long run only when you yourself are fit and fine.

What do you mean by the private defense?

Private defense means to protect one’s life, liberty, and property by taking action. It means to hurt the person who is trying to harm you for protecting yourself. IPC allows you to kill or harm the attacker if your life is at risk and threatened by the action of the attacker. The acts permitted by IPC under Section 100 might not permit killing or harming in any other situation. The law can consider those actions illegal if practicing otherwise. using self-protective force only permits in the case of an endangered life situation. 

Essential conditions according to law

A situation should meet the following conditions for invoking the IPC section 100:

 

• It is necessary that there must be a serious threat to the life of a person. Not only life, if a person feels that an attacker can injure their body they can take actions to kill.

• There must be no possible way to escape from the situation. If you find yourself stuck in the situation and there is no way to run you can kill the person. If there is a possible way and you are not using it then the law does not invoke.

• If you don’t have enough time to convey the problem of threat to your life to authorities you can take action. It is not applicable if you have time and you are still not trying to contact the authorities. You can not try to take action on your own in this situation.

• The death of the person should be the necessary reason for saving your precious life.

Can exercise against the person of unsound mind?

The law is the same for an unsound person attacking or trying to attack your body or property. It remains the same for everyone, a child, a person with special abilities, or an insane person. If you feel anytime that they are trying to hurt you or be the reason for your death, you can harm or kill them. Irrespective of gender, caste, religion this law implies every human being. No matter at which post or designation you are, if you try to harm or kill the body of a person, they can harm and kill you too.

If the attacker is attacking because of any misconception, an aggrieved person has the right to private defense. No one has an exemption from this law.

Summary

Indian Panel Code (IPC) enacted on 6 October 1860. Under IPC Section 100 in some cases, the assaulted person can cause harm or death to the attacker.

Case 1 extends for any action by the attacker which causes death or can cause the death of a person.  Case 2 extends to any attack which can lead to serious harm to the victim or causes any serious harm.  Case 3 extends the law for the assault who are prone to get raped by the attacker. Case 4  is when an attacker tries to please his unnatural lust with the victim. Case 5 is if an attacker tries to assault by kidnapping or abducting they can suffer the consequence.  The attacker restricts the person in the wrong and they are not able to reach the public authorities is the case 6. In case 7 it is invoked if an attacker tries to throw acid on the person it will victimize.

Irrespective of gender, caste, religion this law implies every human being. No matter at which post or designation you are, if you try to harm or kill the body of a person, they can harm and kill you too.

Born near the Dhing town ,Assam, Hima Das is nicknamed as Dhing express. This young sprinter is inspiration for many youth, she was born on 9 January 2000.

She is the first Indian athlete to secure gold medal at the IAAF World U20 championships. Her career as a sprinter began when she participated in the 2018 Commonwealth Games at Gold Coast, Australia, in the 400 metres and 4×400 metres relay. She is famous for securing 5 gold medals back to back in a single month. She obtained her first gold of the month at Pozhan Athletics Grand Pix, Poland, second medal at Keetno Athletics Meet, Poland, third medal at Kladno Athletics Meets, Czech Republic, fourth gold at Tabor Athletics Meets, Czech Republic and fifth gold at Atlecticky Mitink, Czech Republic.

She is also appointed as a civil servant post of Deputy Superintendent of Police of Assam Service , without giving any competitive exam but through direct entry. She also currently holds the Indian National, recorded in 400 metres with a timing of 50.79s that she clocked at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia. She is also conferred with Arjuna Award .

As a kid she was always interested in playing football . She also played football with the boys at her JNV school . She wanted to carry on football as her career but did not see any prospects for herself in women’s football scene in India. Later on , she was advised by physical education teacher at JNV to opt for sprint running.

“All’s well that end’s well” this proverb suits so well in the case of this 21 year old sprinter. We don’t know what would have happened if she had taken football as her career but as a sprinter ,she is pride of India

It is very saddening and disheartening to know that she did not qualify for Tokyo Olympics 2020. It should be noted that she suffered with hamstring injury before giving her qualification test.

Born in the family of farmers Hima Das was never a privileged kid , but through her firm will she stated clearly that achievement comes only through pure hard work and dedication.

“It’s not an issue, just shake it off and get a good night’s sleep, you’ll be fine in the morning.”

Just because you can’t see it doesn’t mean that it’s not there. Mental Health is just as important as physical health!

The change of phase from teens to youth and then adolescents is a very bumpy journey. While parents and mentors prepare you for the changes that happen to the body, they don’t give you even the slightest hint about the rollercoaster ride that your mind and emotions are going to take you for. People often think of it as something that will eventually return to ‘normal’ if you don’t give much attention to it.

Unfortunately, the struggle is real whether you are prepared for it or not.

Who Do the Youths Look to for Help?

There is no doubt that they keep such things hidden from their parents. But why is that you ask? Well, the reason being that ‘you’re not expected to have such issues and it’s just a phase. There is no need to make a big deal about it.

Many parents don’t understand what you’re going through despite going through similar situations back when they were teens.

Eventually, teens and youths turn to their friends. Because they ‘understand’. Even though the advice of friends can be wrong at times, it is a huge relief to just speak to someone and let it all out.

Common Mental Illnesses in Teens

• Generalized anxiety – Excessive worry about everyday matters

Ex. Feeling restless, fatigued, struggling with concentration, irritated, struggling with sleep, not able to control worry.

• Social phobias – Severe feelings of self-consciousness and insecurity in social settings

Ex. Anxious and struggling to be around people, worry about being judged, struggling to make friends, feeling nauseated around people.

• Depression – Persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety and emptiness

Ex. Sad, anxious and empty, feeling hopeless, irritability, guilty, worthless, restless, having thoughts of suicide and death, fatigue or lack of energy.

How to look after yourself?

It is important to look after your mental health because it’s a vital part of your life and it greatly impacts your thoughts, behaviours and emotions. Emotional health leads to productivity and effectiveness in activities. It will also help you adapt to changes and cope with adversity.

Steps that can be taken are:

• exercising daily,
• eating a balanced diet of healthy meals,
• opening up to people in your circle,
• taking a break when you need it,
• getting a good night’s sleep, and most importantly
• remembering that you are valued and amazing and strong.

**Tip — Getting up early in the morning and as soon as you wake up, proclaim it out loud that you are strong, confident, amazing, successful and so on….(add words of your choice that you want to be, or see happening in your life)

This can help the way you think and feel about yourself and in boosting your confidence and self-esteem.

Key Facts

1. People affected are one in 6 people aged 10-19 years.
2. Half of the mental health conditions start by the age of 14 years.
3. Depression is one of the leading causes.
4. Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death in 15–19-year-olds.
5. As a result of not addressing the mental health issues in adolescents, the problems eventually have an impact on both their physical and mental health and has drastic effects in the long run.