Month: January 2022

What are Differences Between Eastern and Western Cultures

Eastern world refers to countries in the Asia and Middle East whereas Western world refers to North and South America, Europe, Australia and New Zeeland. East and West may have numerous differences based on culture. These differences can be noted mainly in people’s behavior and attitudes. However, since east and west refers to various countries and cultures scattered across the globe, only a broad generalization can be made to compare the two cultures. The main difference between eastern and western culture is that people in the east are more traditional and conservative than the people in the west.
Eastern culture includes Asia and the Middle East, while the western world includes South and North America, European countries, New Zealand and Australia. The East and West have many differences based on their culture which is reflected in people’s attitude and behaviour.
When a comparison between eastern and western culture is made, one of the key differences between western and eastern culture is that countries in the West are more liberal than countries in the East. Western culture allows people to be more open and critical. They discuss subjects that are considered taboo in eastern cultures and they are allowed to show their emotions and vent anger if they think they should. This sort of behaviour wouldn’t take place in eastern cultures. People prefer to approach difficult situations by using good manners and tact, not aggression.
A second eastern and western culture comparison is a person from the West is more free and flexible to reach decisions on his/her own, unlike what happens in the East where families make more decisions collectively. Thirdly, arranged marriages are not a key feature of western cultures, as love is considered to be the way that people tie the marital knot.
Can there ever be similarities between eastern and western culture?
Many schools of thought believe that there is not enough common ground between eastern and western cultures for them to ever share similar characteristics. There are some features that are so different, like the types of religions in eastern cultures, such as Islam, Hinduism, Shenism, Buddhism, Jainism and Taoism. Clothing and rituals are so different in eastern cultures, like Indians paying respect to parents or elders by touching his/her feet. East Asians bow down as a gesture used when welcoming guests, saying thank you and apologizing. When it comes to ideologies and beliefs, eastern cultures find it difficult to question them despite what they might really feel. In contrast, most people can forsake religion and no one will think anything of it.
Elders are the decision-makers in eastern cultures
The difference between western and eastern culture can be seen by looking at the role of elders. In eastern cultures, elders are the leaders in the home, so children do what the elders say without questioning them. Any important decisions to do with a child are generally made by an elder. When parents grow old, children are often the ones who take on the responsibility for caring for them. Often in western cultures, an elderly person’s welfare becomes the responsibility of the state in collaboration with children or other close relatives.
Arranged marriages commonly take place in eastern cultures. They are usually arranged by a couple’s parents or another elder. They believe that love follows marriage, not the other way round.
Education has few similarities between eastern and western cultures
The comparison between eastern and western culture shows that western education focuses on creativity and allows individuals to develop as much as they can. In Eastern education, achievement is linked to struggle and hard work. This means you can achieve anything if you work hard enough. Students from eastern cultures often excel academically when in a western educational environment because they work harder than western children.
Students in western culture are encouraged to actively participate in debates and ask questions. This is not so much the case in eastern cultures where what the teacher says is always right. Added to this is the extra effort in western cultures to integrate children who are classified as special needs. They sit in classrooms alongside other students. This doesn’t often happen in eastern cultures where special needs children are taught separately.
Eastern Culture
Eastern world refers to countries in Asia and Middle East. The people in eastern countries are more traditional than people in the West when we consider their rituals, customs, clothing, etc. For example, Indians pay respect to their elders by touching their feet; East Asians use bows as greetings, apologizing and thanking. People in the East are rigid in their ideologies and beliefs; they are often reluctant to challenge and question the long practiced traditions and customs.
In eastern countries, elders are considered as the head of the home and children respect and obey them in all decisions. The important decisions regarding children’s future are usually taken by elders. When parents grow old, the children are expected to look after them.
Arranged marriages are a common phenomenon in eastern countries. They are usually arranged by parents or elders. Factors like education, social status, and family background are considered in these marriages. The concept that love comes after marriage is also promoted by these marriages. Moreover, public displays of affection are often frowned upon in Eastern countries.
Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Shenism, and Taoism are some common religions in these countries. Rituals and customs of different communities may also differ according to these religions.
Western Culture
Western World mainly refers to Europe and North America. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are some of the most common religions practiced in the Western world.
People in the west are more open-minded than those in the east. The westerns are more open and forthright. For example, topics such as the birth of a child and sex are still taboo in some eastern countries.
People in the west are also more open about their feelings. If they are angry, they might express. But people in the east might cover it for the sake of diplomacy and politeness. Westerns may also display their feelings and emotions in public.
Moreover, the individual is given preference over family, so a person has more freedom and power to take decisions on his own, unlike those in the east. Therefore, concepts like arranged marriages are not common in the west; they marry for love.
In western culture, relationships are not hierarchical and everyone is considered to be equally important and respected irrespective of their age or professional qualification, whereas, in eastern culture, people who are older or have higher professional qualifications are considered to be more respectful and important.
Moreover, in the west, people are more task-focused when it comes to spending time, that is, they see time as money and want to get their tasks done without wasting any time, whereas, in the east, people are more event focused and love to spend their time on building relationships.
When it comes to speech, people in the west are honest, whereas people in the east value harmony over honesty, that is, they would rather speak the lie and maintain harmony in the relationship than speak the truth.
Also, the westerners are independent and do things themselves, on the other hand, the eastern culture has different levels of society, and people in a higher level of society hire people from a lower level of society and help them monetarily.
Considering food, eastern culture is famous for its hospitality, whereas westerners view the same hospitality as ostentatious and prefer to be efficient which easterners view as inconsiderate.
Then there is a difference in ethics, how something is considered to be right or wrong. In eastern culture, ethics are based on honor and shame. If something brings honor to your society then it is considered to be right and if something brings shame to your society then it is considered to be wrong. Such is not the case in western culture. In western culture, ethics are strictly based on law. If something follows the law it is considered to be right and if something breaks the law it is considered to be wrong.
Another good cultural model that will help you paint a clear picture of the cultural differences is the Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory

Reservation of seats – a threat to the population

India is one of the most populous countries among the rest. There is a change of cycle from past to present. People’s lifestyles and living patterns have changed and along with that the leap of authorization. The term reservation is nothing new, it is running for a long period. History speaks that people in past have faced discrimination in name of caste, crude, and sex. Although the terms have been given by humans themselves still some communities faced bias. Before independence, there was a hierarchy of class where different people were put into a different class box. According to a person is brahmin or Dalit they were given task and place to live. No doubt backward class people had to suffer a dark past. An individual was not allowed to touch the bowl of brahmin because it was a symbol of impurity. People behaved and formed a mentality among themselves that, if one belongs to the lower caste they should behave like a slave and if one is from an upper class, they should lead a glamorous life. The long injustice within a certain community was not justified. And due to this, after independence, the new government introduced a reservation system. Needless to say, the reservation policy was a much-needed gift to the people who mostly suffered from the unfairness. A scheme for ST, SC, OBC, and the backward class was initiated to empower them and ensure their participation in the decision-making process. Reservation was applied in the job sectors, education field, and economic field as well.The issue that arises at present time is that “whether there is a need for reservation in 2021?”. With a lot of discussions and eye-witnessed scenarios, it can be said that there is a demand for change in the system. No doubt we can’t repay the injustices that happened in the past but looking at the present picture it is becoming very hard for the common people to survive in this race. The change in a generation has led to great progress in all communities irrespective of caste or class. A Dalit man like Raja Nayak has turned his business to 60 crores. He currently serves as President of the Karnataka chapter of Dalit Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (DICCI) and runs schools and a college under the banner of Kalani Ketan Educational Society for the underprivileged and disadvantaged sections of society. So, it is in itself is the sign of change.Thus, it’s a request and a demand from the commoners to revise the scheme and at least serve all people equally. We see a student committing suicide just because she could not reach the cutoff and some others with less number book the seat because he/she is from a reserved category. A qualified employee has to lose his chance because that seat is for some other category person. If this is not partiality then what is? The revival of a year-long plan could change the whole picture and could provide justice. After all, people want democracy and not quotacracy.

⚫Rise of Covid-19 Cases Day by day

📍2.58 Lakh New Covid Cases In India, Positivity Up From 16.28% To 19.65%

📍India Covd-19 Cases: New global case numbers have soared by 270 percent since the highly contagious Omicron variant was discovered in South Africa in late November, news agency AFP reported.

1️⃣📍The country’s caseload now stands at 3.73 crore. This includes 8,209 cases of the Omicron variant which is now present in 29 states.

2️⃣📍The active cases now comprise 4.43 per cent of the total infections, while the national COVID-19 recovery rate has decreased to 94.27 per cent. The daily positivity rate is up from 16.28% to 19.65% while the weekly positivity rate was recorded at 14.41 per 

3️⃣📍Maharashtra, one of the worst-hit states by the Covid pandemic, recorded 41,327 new coronavirus infections, 1,135 less than the day before, and 29 deaths. The overall caseload now stands at 72,11,810 and the death toll at 1,41,808. Eight new Omicron cases have been reported in the state, raising the tally of such infections to 1,738.

4️⃣📍Delhi on Sunday reported 18,286 COVID-19 cases and 28 deaths, while the positivity rate dropped to 27.87 per cent from 30.64 per cent a day ago, according to health department data. State Health Minister Satyendar Jain has said that the city is conducting three times more diagnostic tests than the number recommended by the ICMR.

5️⃣📍According to the Centre’s new guidelines, asymptomatic patients do not need to undergo a test. Also, contacts of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients need not get tested unless they have comorbidities or are aged above 60.

⚫ Topic- Top 4 Loud Music Player For Android

Music 🎶 – Music is something which pleases your ears. Music can be an entertainment source or it also makes your heart and soul soothing.

Music Players Are something which can give you Joy At a very loud pace. You can enjoy the loud music at any kind of parties ,get together and various other things.
There is an option for we people for getting the loud music player for Android on our mobile phones.
The benefits which we are getting using it in an Android device is that there are alot of apps.

⭕ List of Loud Music Players Are As Follows:-

1️⃣PULSAR

📍Pulsar is absolutely free ,without any cost.It is the most preferable option. Its features make itself different from the rest .
It is the application that requires a fast processor or lots of space because it is extremely lightweight.
📍Next feature is very great ,one which everyone hate that is ‘listening ads ‘ so Pulsar also make sure that we don’t need to hear any ads.This feature make it more special.
📍A few new More Features of Pulsar is that they gives us Gapless Playback Feature.
📍A built-in tag editor is also available in this app.
📍It also creates a Playlist according to you most played songs or newly added songs,which saves alot of effort.

2️⃣MUSICOLET

📍If anyone is looking for a loud music player for Android which is not to heavy then Musicolet is here for us.Even of you are not having any information regarding this still you can use Musicolet.
📍Most important thing that you have to invest some time for better understanding the functions of this alternative.
As nowadays in many apps many things can happen by a single ,double and triple clicks.
📍So have a look on the important features of this App which is that we guyz have the flexibility to set more than 20 queues.
📍If anyone wishes to use this app with earphones, that is also possible.

3️⃣VLC For Android

Traditionalists love For this app for its simplicity and tons of Utility. If Anyone is looking for something which gives Design must go for this.
📍VLC For Android is having many features that it is a audio player app with support of a ton of vedio and audio file types.
📍There is Also support for Multi track Audio and Subtitles.
📍We get features like sleep timer ,playback speed adjustment etc.
📍Special Features of VLC
⭕Open source app
⭕Simple, no-nonsense interface
⭕Support for lots of file types

4️⃣Equalizer

📍Besides of all ,there is some other option which hits the list of being the loudest music player. We can get DJ-feeling with this amazing application.
📍It posses bass boosting options and allows us to twist the sound of the music to our way.
📍Equalizer also comes up with the option for us to take it up for free or pay for it.
📍Equalizer Music Player is quite a complete tool which equalize each track or video for an optimized snd great listening experience.

⭕Conclusion

Here’s the variety of the loudest music player app for Android which you all can go through and check yourselves. You must have a look on these apps. You can select any one between all of us which boost the sound of your music.

Best App For Online Education- Zoom

The App – ” Zoom”

⚫Zoom- A App With Various Different Features which includes best quality of Vedio Conferencing and chit chating about anything. So this is the App giving both the facilities which are needed in this generation. Zoom comes in Free and paid tiers.Yesss You are listening right FREE. Zoom.is giving free option which supports the call of 100 students and teachers all together.This App is not time bounded. Participants can use this anytime and anywhere from the world. Nowadays people are quite interactive and they like to interact more with the people worldwide so they held meet-ups , meetings and various more things.This is the App which people can operate at any device whether it is computer,laptop ,tablets and mobile phones itself .This feature of Zoom eases the problem of everyone.Zoom is absolutely secure with reliable Vedio Conferencing platform. Move from a chat or a phone call to a meeting with a single click. This is fastest App which operates faster than any app.”Zoom ” is super natural and easy to use- just download it ,click,and your are in.We can Use Zoom on an airplane,car,in my house,in the office everywhere.It is Most convenient of all. Zoom is here to support your Wellness Goals. It enables us to make and sustain our positive initiatives.Zoom to enhance your education skills helps students to stay connected so they can get more done together. From meetings, chat,phone and webinars , classes it would be best to have this app .Zoom Powers all your communication needs. Following steps to get started with Zoom:-⚫

How to Get Started with Zoom

⚫For Desktop

📍Step 1: To get started with Zoom, head to their website, and click on the “SIGN UP” button that’s at the top-right corner of the screen

.📍Step 2: You have two options when it comes to creating a Zoom account.You can either:Create a new account using your work email address.Sign in using SSO (Single Sign-On) or your Google or Facebook account.If you’re using Zoom for a company meeting or other work purposes, it’s best to sign up using your work email address.

📍Step 3: Zoom will now send you an email with a confirmation link.Click on that link to go to Zoom’s Sign Up Assistant and sign in using your credentials

📍Step 4: Download the desktop app/Zoom client from the Zoom website for easy access.

⚫Instead of This you can also Record a meeting. Recording a meeting let’s us easy use.This is especially important for remote teams who use Zoom Vedio Conferencing as their key mode of Communication. ⚫Here’s how to record Zoom meetings:

📍Step 1: Start a meeting.📍

Step 2: In the Zoom toolbar, click on the “Record” icon.

📍Step 3: Choose between “Record on this Computer” or “Record to the Cloud.” This starts the recording, and all meeting members will see the word “Recording” in red at the top of the screen.

📍Step 4: Click on “Pause/Stop Recording” to stop recording the meeting. Alternatively, you can also end a meeting to stop recording it.📍Step 5: After you end the meeting, Zoom converts the recording to MP4 format and stores it in your preferred location. You can now easily access your recorded sessions any time you want!

⚫Additional Features of Zoom 📍Screen Sharing📍Zoom Phone 📍Zoom Rooms 📍Zoom Pricing 📍Privacy Protected Calls⚫Conclusion-

The Main Purpose of this Article is to give a broad overview of What is Zoom, its features and a brief description of this App.So Here we hope that you all will understand the importance of Zoom and must go for it.

What’s In A Name

Name - really matters? What is in a name? Know the importance of a name!

As Dale Carnegie rightfully and beautifully says, “Names are the sweetest and the most important sound in any language.” By now, all the readers know about the topic of the article is going to be all about. This article is a little different from the ones I usually write. Today, my article is all about the importance of names. It is also about the role of names in the community and the world. Do you ever wonder about the small yet important thing people do all over the world? Naming happens to be one of them. A name is just a word. However, this one word has so much meaning and relevance behind it, which makes it so special and unique.

Understanding the Process behind Naming 

In many countries around the world, naming a baby is no less than a grand ceremony. In India, an auspicious day is into consideration to give their baby a name. Family members and relatives come together during this day to show their love and gratitude towards the baby on this day. A lengthy process goes behind choosing the right name for a baby. There are so many things that the parents look into while choosing a name for their baby. Each culture, tradition, ethnicity, religion, etc have their traditions and methods in naming a baby. I have seen some of the most fascinating factors that parents look into while naming their baby. However, not all parents have these factors in mind yet are seen under many circumstances.

One of the most common things I have seen during the process of naming a child is that the name should start from a specific alphabet. This might sound weird to many people however, this is one of the things parents see while naming their baby. There are several reasons behind choosing a specific alphabet to begin the name. It could be because everyone in the family has their name starting from that alphabet or they would want their children to have names from the alphabet or so many more things like that. If you and your sibling have, your names starting from the same alphabet ask your parents about it. You will know the secret behind this process.

The other factor that I have seen during the process of naming a child is that the name should have a specific meaning. This meaning could be concerning anything. It could mean something related to their favorite god’s name or it could mean something about nature or many more things. The reason behind naming their baby with a specific meaning of the name could be for tradition, family related, etc. The meaning of the name could be something special to the parents as well. As long as the meaning has value in it then that is all that matters.

Another factor that I have also seen during the process of naming the child is that the name of someone who has or had familial importance is also the name of the baby. This means that the child’s name will be after their maternal or paternal grandfather or even great grandfather sometimes. When this happens it becomes a means of showing love and respect to someone who plays or has had played an important role in the family. This also becomes a means of showing gratitude and a way of telling them that they will never be forgotten and someone that everyone will remember.

An interesting factor that I have recently seen coming during the process of naming the child is that the child is given the name of the parents’ favorite actor or actress or character. As funny as this may sound, this happens until the very day in many families around the world. I find this naming process as the sweetest and cutest because there is so much love and admiration behind parents naming their babies after their favorite actor or actress or character.

Parents look into while naming their babies many more things. After reading this paragraph if you readers can think of more then, do give a thought about it and enjoy a conversation about it too.

I am proud to say that animals also have an equal amount of importance and love in society. These days even naming pets and street animals play a very important role in society. Just imagine if all the dogs or cats or any other animal living in the same place had one name. It would be a total disaster. People look into many things even while naming animals. It could be something about their eyes, fur color, or even the way they eat or sleep, etc. Animals can also have names concerning characters in a movie or series or even a song. One of the weirdest things I have also seen is that sometimes pets are even after spices or even social media apps. This shows the importance of naming animals is as important as anything else. I agree animals already have a species name however, when we as individuals spend time with them, look after them it becomes very important to name them as well.

Naming non-living things are as important as naming living things. It gives these things a sense of definition and differentiation from other things.

The Importance of Name in Your Life - Shiftkiya.com

Role of Names in the self, family, society, community, and the world

Names play such an important role not just to the outside of family, society, community, or world but also the individual. A name can mean so much to the individual and the eternal factors for several reasons. Some of the most important reasons are:

  1. Sense of identity: A sense of identity is established through a name. The world will know the individual through this name itself. It is the name that they will stay alive in this world the entire time. Suppose a person wins an award then their name stands as proof of their work and their achievement. Therefore, a name plays a very important role in identifying oneself not just to the outside world but also to themselves.
  • The first step towards individuality: The reason people have different names is that it gives a distinctive individuality to people. Their character and personality have a person’s name as a factor. Individuality begins with a name because that is how seeing yourself relates to it for the first time.
  • It builds a connection: A name creates an invisible connection to yourself and the people around you. For example, suppose you love your name then it builds a positive connection with yourself, which results in bringing about trust, value, and respect to yourself. A name plays a very important role because when someone has to think of you, your actions, and your behaviors the first thing that connects you and them is your name.
  • It is a means of recognition: There is not just the present but also a past and future behind a name. People recognize your parents have given you through the name that is to you. Sometimes a person’s name is even used to describe behavior. For example: “You are as irritating as Ryan”

These are some of the important factors that show the roles of a name in the eternal and internal world. There are many more that we recognize or subtly be visible around us.

To conclude, a beautiful quote by Rachel Ingber where says, “A name represents an identity, a deep feeling and holds tremendous significance to its owner.”

References

  1. Google searches for images and quotes

Government Budgeting

Description of the budget

The word ‘budget’ is derived from the French word, Bougette, which means a leather wallet or purse.Therefore, the term modern budget refers to a document that contains estimates of revenue and expenditure of a country, usually for one year.

Types of Budget

Budgets can be categorized based on the following principles:

  1. Combined time.
  2. Number of budget’s tabled in the legislature.
  3. The overall finance budget’s position is presented in the budget.
  4. An approved policy on the takeover of revenue and expenditure in the budget.
Division of receipts and expenses in the budget.

Based on these principles budget’s can be:(Annual budget’s or long-term budget’s.

  1. One or more budget’s.
  2. Excess budget’s, deficits or estimates.
  3. Budget or revenue budget.
  4. Departmental budget or operating budget.

A brief description of the different types is as follows
1. ANNUAL or long-term budget’s

Generally, Government budget’s are for one year that is, for one year. In India, England and many other commonwealth countries the financial year, starts on April 1 and ends on March 31, but in the U.S.A., Australia, Sweden and Italy the dates are 1st July and 30th June. Some countries adopt a planned economic policy and meet the requirements for long-term planning, using a long-term budget, that is, preparing a budget for three years or more. Such a budget is a long-term plan rather than a long-term budget because what is offered is a financial plan over the years to fund the program.These countries spread the use of program costs over many years. The legislature approves the plan and estimates its costs, but that does not equal the actual voting of all-time shares. Every year, the national budget will include expenditure on a plan for that year, to be approved by the legislature.

2. One or more budget’s

When the estimates of all Government functions are allocated to a single budget, it is known as a single budget. The advantage of a single budget is that it reflects the financpractisetion of the Government as a whole.But if there are separate budget-related budget’s passed by the legislature, it is called a mass budget. In India, we have two budget’s — one for the railway line and one for the rest of the departments. The practice of having a separate train budget began in 1921. In England, there is one budget.

3. Extra income, deficit or limited budget

A budget is a surplus if the estimated income exceeds the estimated cost/expense But if the expected revenue falls below the expected cost, it becomes a budget deficit. According to economists, a deficit budget is a sign of global development. A limited budget is when the expected revenue is equal to the expected cost/expense. Budgets are often in short supply.

4. Income or budget of income

A budget is one in which the estimates of various items of income and expenditure include amounts to be acquired or used in one year,.In revenue and expenditure budget’s, accumulated in one financial year,, are planned for that financial year, regardless of whether the revenue is available or expenses incurred in that financial year,. In India, Britain and the U.S.A., counts are calculated, in France and other continents, counting income.

5. Departmental or operational budget

The current practice is to have a departmental budget, that is, the revenue and expenses of one department are organized under it. It does not provide any information about the work or activity that has been budgeted for. The operating budget is another where the total cost of a particular project is compiled under the head of a specific program.It is organized into activities, programs, activities and projects, for example, in the case of collaboration (employment), it will be divided into programs such as higher education, Secondary and Higher Education. Each program will be divided into activities, for example, teacher training is a task. The project is the final unit of division of labor.It symbolizes work as a major project, such as the construction of a school building. The A.R.C. proposed the adoption of a budget for all the departments and agencies of the Central and provincial governments that have managed development programs.

REFERENCE

Essay on Budget: Top 4 Essays | Government | Public Administration

Being Kind

9 Ways To Be Kind To Yourself - What It Really Means

My articles have often been about behavior and actions that have a negative impact on people and how there needs to be change and improvement with it. During these times, I have also put out how important it is for oneself to look after themselves. Sometimes, it tends to be lost or overlooked with the main topic. Therefore, today my article is entirely going to be about how it is important to be kind to ourselves.

Importance of Being Kind to Oneself

Every day as a child through our growing years, we learn how important it is to inculcate good manners into our lives. We learn how we should help others, are kind to others, not be rude to others, and so many more things. We learn how our actions can have a consequence on others. We become more aware of the right treatment towards other people. We understand the importance of being good to others. However, what we fail to learn is how our actions and behavior have a consequence to ourselves as well. Therefore, the right kind of reinforcement to ourselves is also very important. We must consider ourselves as our friends so that we learn to be kind and positive to ourselves. We have often heard it is important to look after ourselves first and then other people. It is in the same manner that we first are nice and kind to ourselves and then to others.

Let me ask all the readers out there, would you call your friend rude or harsh for no reason and constantly keep complaining and taunting them? Of course, you would not do something like that. Then why do it to ourselves? How fair and equal are we being to our bodies and mind? These are some of the questions that we need to ask ourselves when we are so harsh and bad to our minds and body. Nobody needs to go through the pain and suffering even if we inflict it on ourselves. We should be proud of our bodies and mind no matter who says otherwise or what happens. Being kind to ourselves is the first step forward and betterment of society, community, and the world.

Let me ask all the readers out there another question. How often have you called yourself useless or worthless just because you did not do what you had thought in mind or had a minor inconvenience? Each individual will have a different number of instances but will surely have one. This shows how we are not kind to our bodies and mind. The body and the mind constantly work and produce several information and thought and yet face backlash when something small goes wrong. We often forget to credit ourselves for the amount of work and energy we put in every single day. It is high time we start being grateful for the things we have. Here I do not mean things like money, power, clothes, etc. What I am referring to is our mind, body, health, our ability to think, our ability to understand things, etc.

The most unfortunate thing is that today everything has become a competition among human beings. In this process, we have completely forgotten to look after ourselves and be there for ourselves. We expect our bodies to act like machines and work extra almost every time. To reach the impossible expectations we make our body and mind suffer so much that in the end, it all becomes itself. The standard idea of being thin is beautiful makes us to go such extremes with our body and mind. We do not provide the energy and nutrition for it to function healthy and at the same time expect it to work the extra amount without and source to function. Even though we want to eat, we stop ourselves from eating just so that we look thin. This is just one of the most common instances that are here about how we are not kind to our bodies and mind. Many more things need to change so that we can live in peace with ourselves and who we are as individuals.

4 Benefits Of Being Kind To Yourself | Power of Positivity

How to be kind to ourselves?

There are so many ways one can be kind to themselves and make peace in the right way with who they are as individuals. These are some ways that I can think of. If there are more than you can think of after reading this article make sure to inculcate and speak about it as much as you can.

  1. Rewarding and thanking ourselves: One of the most common yet the most important ways you can be kind to yourself is by rewarding and thanking your body and mind. Let me give you an example. Suppose you have been studying hard for your exams the entire night before and you finish your exam and come back. You need reward and thank your body for working so hard by eating and sleeping the right amount. You should give your body and mind to relax and freshen up before you sit with your exams. This is one of the instances there are many more that we experience in our daily lives.
  • Do not punish yourself: There is a belief among people that only if they punish themselves will they be more productive. This is completely not true rather just a thing to justify negative things that are present in society. Let me use a similar example. Suppose you have worked hard for your exams but you did not do your exam well. If you do not give your body, mind enough amounts of sleep and nutrition, sit, and study for the next exam without relaxing your body and mind then it means you are punishing your body and mind even though you have done your best. This is not right and should change as an individual and as a community.
  • Do not compare yourself: This has become a common problem behavior among people, which needs to change. It is way beyond time that we realize that we human beings are very different not just physically but also mentally and emotionally. We human beings have different capacity levels, which makes us so unique from one another. If everyone is the same then what is the difference between the robots and us? Though this sounds like a very cliché question, it is something we must think and ponder about.
  • Never change yourself because of the negative things people say: One of the most crucial things in being kind to yourself is about never making any changes in yourself that are good just because people say otherwise. Let me give an example. If you are, a sensitive person and people keep telling you that you need to stop being sensitive and need to change yourself for any reason and you do it, then that is not being kind to yourself. You need to believe in yourself and stand for who you are and there is nothing wrong with that.

I can go on and on about how important it is to be kind to yourself and the different ways that you can be too. However, I also think it is important for people to think about this, realize on their own, and do it because they want to and not because they read about it in an article. This needs to come from the within and towards yourself on your own.

To conclude, with a beautiful quote by Anita Moorjani where says, “Transform your world by transforming your internal state. Start by learning to let go of negative self-judgment, and replace it with positive and loving thoughts about yourself. Be kind to yourself, and watch the external world change.”

References

  1. Google searches for images and quotes.

A Vow Doesn’t Change It

Marital Rape Isn't Necessarily a Crime in 12 States

Today important news caught my attention. It was on my mind so much that I made up my mind to write an article about it. My article today is going to be about something that legally needs approval by the court as an act of crime. Yes, we are in the 21st century, and yet here we are still trying to legalize acts that violate human fundamental rights and equality that are by the constitution themselves. By reading the title of my article and a few lines at the beginning of the article, I am guessing that the readers have some idea about what my article is going to be about. It is about how even in 2022 there are still many countries that legalize marital rape.

Everything about Marital Rape

Let me put out an important fact for our readers so that they know why this topic is important and in urgent need of change. When a husband rapes a woman then it is marital rape. Yes, this is very traumatizing for every reader out there regardless of which race, ethnicity, religion, or community one belongs. There are still 36 countries out there that legalize marital rape. This means that when a husband rapes his wife then it is not considered a legal crime in these countries. This is the harsh reality of our society that needs to change. The sad part for any woman who lives in one of these 36 countries is that they are still in deprivation of their fundamental rights and equality.

I am not going to name any specific country that is a part of these 36 countries because the change in one country will not provide equality to every woman and girl living on this planet. I a woman myself feel so much anger and dismay that even today women are still fighting for their basic rights as human beings. It is also an appeal that women from countries that consider marital rape as a crime stand up for their community of women living in the countries so that every woman feels safe and has complete authority over her rights as a human being and as a woman. The reason I am stressing so much about the urgency for the need for change is that we women are constantly fighting every single day to do what we, as women are capable of doing and yet there are so many larger things that also need our attention, awareness, fight, and pushing by a large number of people which will not happen in a few days. 

We as women of this planet need to fight and bring about change so that women and girls in the future will have less to fight for and have better and productive lives. Let me make this as clear as possible that marital rape does not have consent from women and that is why we know it as rape and not anything else. There is no difference between rape and marital rape apart from the fact that it is happening in a marriage. In any religion, when people marry they take a vow in their marriage they promise to be there for each other and standby each other with respect, value, trust, and protecting each other until the very end. There is nothing extraordinary rather things that need to be there in any relationship. When relationships do not have one, then it is wrong and nothing will say otherwise.

17 BEST "Marital Rape" IMAGES, STOCK PHOTOS & VECTORS | Adobe Stock

Ideas behind marital rape

It is surprising how patriarchy seems to flow in everything in society. It is responsible for creating problems for women that they have to constantly fight to get rid of these and that too for generations together constantly without a stop to see some slight change and betterment. Patriarchy exists with the idea that men are superior to women. This idea plays a major role in marital rape.

Men who grow up with this idea consider women to be objects or things that they own through the institution of marriage. This idea engraves into them so much that they think that their wife’s whole purpose is to please and look after their needs and have no place in society. They think that marriage gives them the consent to abuse their wives in any manner that they wish to. This is a reminder that these 36 countries approve of this behavior and even consider it legal. This is not just shocking but also a real and frightening image of the state of women in society around the world. Women have become objects that men believe have full authority because of the patriarchal and horrendous ideas that exist in society.

If you are wondering that marital rape happens only in small villages and towns where there is a lack of knowledge and awareness then you are wrong. This happens anywhere regardless of whether these places are towns or even the urban city. This shows how things are not just limited to a certain group of people but the entire community. If it exists in the society then every single member is responsible for its existence and well as its eradication. What people fail to understand is that by normalizing, legalizing marital rape women are stripped of their dignity, value, respect, and everything as human beings first and then as a woman.

As usual, there have been people who are justifying the crime of marital rape with sentences such as “Considering marital rape as crime disrupts the institution of marriage.” I cannot begin to explain the amount of misogyny that is present in this sentence. If any institution in this world considers rape a part of it then it is time that people rethink and redefine this institution. The other sentence that comes in against criminalizing marital rape is “What if women are lying?” “What if they are lying to gain something?” The fact that every time women stand up for their rights and equality they are often under the scanner of the misdeeds that will supposedly happen by them. Why is it that women are always under scrutiny and questioning when they expect things that any normal being would? The other important thing is that every crime has loopholes but that should not stop us from doing things that are for the betterment of the greater common good. According to this theory then none of the crimes should have been criminalized by the court, which makes no sense at all.

To conclude, it is high time women stop fighting for their equality and rights rather they are present in the society by the people without constant, struggle that women have to suffer for generations. It is way beyond time that all the countries in the world criminalize marital rape so that every woman lives with the fundamental rights and equality that they deserve like anybody else. Any rape is a crime and a vow taken by people will not change it otherwise.

References

  1. Google search for images

Structure of the novel JOSEPH ANDREWS By Henry Fielding

Joseph Andrews by Henry Fielding is considered as the first novel of English Literature. It is
described as a “comic – epic poem in prose” by the author himself in the preface to the novel. It was written in 1742 and portrays the realistic eighteenth century English society. While talking about the structure , form and style the author’s words say that “this form is not seen until and not intended before in the language”.

The narration of the novel follows a linear pattern eventhough certain digression or temporary departure is visible in certain chapters. The plot or the organization of events can be categorized into different parts such as Exposition ( initial stage), rising action, conflict / complication, climax, falling action and resolution or denoument. In this novel the protagonist Joseph Andrews was working as a footman for Mr Thomas Booby. This stage can be considered as the exposition of the novel. He was a good footman. Lady Booby had sexual desires in him and he was the talk of the London town. After Booby’s death, Lady Booby tried to show his passions towards him and he refuses. As a result Lady Booby fires him from the job.

Next in the rising action of the novel. He leaves , then hits the road in search for his love Fanny Goodwill. She is at Lady Booby’s country side far away from London. He passes through a maze of storms, ruffians and angry innkeepers. Ruffians attacks and strips his clothesleaving him naked in a ditch. All these events constitutes the rising action of the novel.

By a stroke of luck, Parson Adams turns into Joseph after his fatal injury. Once he heals up they plan to travel Booby country together. They face many problems and they solve. The parson forgets his horse, forgets to pay for his horse and fights with the innkeeper. Thus the conflict arises. They solve the problem and travel . In a way, he saves a woman who was being attacked by a stranger. That girl was Fanny Goodwill. But a group of strangers mistakes the two of them as criminals and submit them before the Justice of Peace. Here the plot reaches the peak of conflicts or climax. But another man identifies Parson Adams and saves them. After this some events occurs which were against Joseph and Fanny. The turning point occurs on the time when it is said that Joseph and Fanny to be siblings.

Lady Booby with the help of the lawyer Scout plans to throw Joseph and Fanny to Bridewell, a notorious prison to seperate them. These actions creates a falling action of the novel. Towards the end of the novel Pamela and her new husband Mr Booby arrives and prevents them from throwing into the Bridewell. The mysterious peddler who Joseph and Parson Adams met in the journey arrives and says that Fanny is actually Joseph’s parent’s daughter and Joseph is the son of Mr Wilson, who also met them in the journey. Thus the confusion settles and Joseph and Fanny finally gets hitched. Thus through this the novel reaches a resolution or denouement.

The work is divided into four books and the books into subsequent chapters. There are sixty four chapters altogether. The narration is linear eventhough there are certain digressions. These deviation from the main plot will not cause any harm to the novel. They were used by henry Fielding to give some examples about human passion and characteristics of the protagonist. The stucture is well organized and explanatory. While analyzing the structure it can be considered as a scientific research work. As a satire, which focuses on the the reality, mockery and the reformations of the society, Joseph Andrews follows this pattern of a research work. As a scientific work researches the reality, the writer experimented with the eighteenth century English society and the results are incorporated as this work. Subsequent tentative titles gives an impression about what is going to find in the following chapters like the title What Happened after Their Journey to London. Like the research is not for the researcher but for the betterment of the society Joseph Andrews also intends reformation of the society. The structure can also be considered as that of classical works which is about the general truths of human nature.

Henry Fielding said the structure a s ” comic – epic poem in prose” in the preface. Thus it possess certain epic like qualities. The division into books and further chapter division resembles epic like structure. Like the fable of epic the fable here is not supernatural but realistic. The action is mild but the fight between ruffians and Joseph and fight of Parson Adams to save Fanny are the actions like those found in epics. In terms of diction and language, allusions and referernces from various languages and use of archaic languages is apparent,like submissiveness of Mrs Trubiller is compared to the example of Sarah, wife of Abraham, Greek language references and references to Homer. In terms of themes also Joseph Andrews resembles epic like reformation of society from the ills of vanity, hypocricy and affectation and presentation of characters from the different classes of society.

The style is simple, explanatory and vivid and there is no artificial use of elevatory language or high vocabulary. Since the work is a satire on Samuel Richardson’s Pamela in which the emphasis of female chastity, in Joseph Andrews the emphasis of male chastity is presented in a humourous way. The vices are presented this humour and not in a didatic language rather it is suggestive. Through the letters to Pamela the novel possess epistolary style also. Joseph’s character is presented as a rougue of low social class as a footman and encounters in a bad world. So in this perspective the novel can also be considered as a picaresque novel. Eventhough Joseph Andrews was written when English novel was in it’s infancy, the well organized and explanatory srtucture and humourous elements makes the novel special.

EVOLUTION OF GENDER

Gender,the social constuction related to one’s behaviour and attributes is one of the major factors in our society.Gender identity is different from sex.While sex is the biological aspect of an individual,gender identity is personal,internal perception of oneself,which may not the sex,which was assigned at birth.In gender perspective an individual an individual can see himself/herself as a man, women or having no gender. One’s gender role may influence wide range of factors like behaviour, clothing and personal relationships.

While talking about the evolution of gender, It is important to look in to the past.Historically the gender was attributed to an individual by birth,with reference to biological differences. The word ‘Gender’ was also used synonymous with ‘sex’ in the last centuries. By the last decades of the 20 th century th use of ‘gender’ is increased.This can be attributed to the feministic movement of the second half of 20 th century. According to those theories,the social distictions based on sex was arbitary.As said earlier,One’s biological sex was directly tied to their gender roles.Judith Bulter considered that being a woman it has more challeges,owing to society’s social category and sense of self, a culturally conditioned or constructed identity. This categorization of people into social role creates a great problem.ecause they have to be at one end of a liner spectrum and must identify themselves as man or woman and act respectively. So, these dueties mostly are in favour of men and it creates an imbalance in power and gender inequalities.These roles vary from to culture.But there is no universal standard to these roles across all cultures.Earlier being a female, characterizes one as weak,emotional,submissive and incapable of doing certain tasks attributed only to ” mam”. The gender role attributed to an individual from birth and it is included in simpler the colour of the baby’s outfit. However a person’s gender does not always allign with what has been assigned by birth.Females were always subjugated as part of these gender roles and they faced a lot of inequality.

Feminism was the major movement contributed to the equality of all genders.It included issues
on reproductive rights, political rights, equal pay for equal work, suffrage right and sexual
harassment.First wave has on the suffrage and political equality.The second wave attempted to abolish more social and cultural inequalities. The first wave was oriented mainly on white upper class woman.But the second wave of feminism included more women from all social class. Third wave of feminism was against financial inequalities and fourth wave was against system of power.So, feminism contributed immensely to the empowerment of women in all fields and ensured equality in many sectors of society including political and financial.

LGBTQIA is a umberlla term related to gender.Transgender are opposite to cis-gender, whose gender identity is different from the sex assigned at birth. They reassigned their sex by changing physiological or other attributes of sex.Transgender people were considered as ‘ third-gender’. Transgenders were also faced a lot of discrimination from the society as well as their homes. They were not accepted as equal to cis-genders.From the second half of 20 th century many transgenders movements and activists worked for ensuring equality for the community and fighted for their rights, to eliminate discrimination and violence against transgenders.This, similar to faminism included demanded for equality in all sectors of society. Many people from transgender communities are holding high position in our society as a result of this movement and the government also ensures their equality through laws. Many people are coming forward nowadays declaring their gender,confidently and undergoing organ transition surgeries.

Gay and lesbian are other two terms related to sexual orientation.Gay is the term used to represent men who attracted to men in romantic/sexual behaviour.Lesbian refers to a woman who has sexual orientation towards woman similarly.Bisexual is a person who experiences sexual attraction to more than one gender,not necessarily at the same time and same degree.So, LGBTQ community was considered as backword and they were not equally accepted in the society.As a result in this patriarchal society, they were forced to suppress their sexuality. But as a result of 2000s movement for same marrige, gay liberation movement of the 1960s and 1970s they ensured equality. In India on 2018 court decriminalized section 377 as it was unconstitutional.Eventhough legal protection is ensured for LGBTQIA communities they even face inequality in our society.

These are the various steps in the evolution of gender.Eventhough legally all genders are considered as equal, many still faces a lot of insecurities and inequalities.These inequalities starts from homes,to work places, educational institutions to all public sectors. But as part of the evolution of genders ,the condition of woman and LGBTQIA are improving.

Online Education and Work from home: Have we arrived in virtual world?

In the recent years, the life of human beings have been greatly stirred by the Covid-19 pandemic and still continues to do so, no area is left unaffected. As the disease spreads from contact between individuals, it is essential to maintain distance and thus the people are compelled to be confined inside their homes. The students and the working class have seemingly been afflicted more. The modern era is changing fast with times. Today is the digitalization age, where everything is computerized and programmed. The education sector is also at par with the digitalization. Throughout the world, online learning is of great significance today. It has become convenient for the students to attend classes from the comfort of their houses. The working class is also relieved from travelling everyday to the place of their work. Due to the pandemic, the state of being alone and separate is being experienced by the population worldwide. In order to eliminate this loneliness, it somewhat becomes necessary to interact with the surrounding. Technology has played a vital role in it by creating an environment of interaction and relationship via online mode of learning and building healthy relationship at work by the initiative of work from home. ” Man is a social being”, rightly said by a well known philosopher Aristotle.

This pandemic has led to closure of schools, colleges and various educational institutions for about more than an year now. Around 1.2 billion children are barred from classrooms today. Consequently, a new era of e-learning has come into existence imparting knowledge at various cyber platforms. ‘Bharat Padhe Online Campaign’ was launched by the Indian government to lessen the educational loss due to the pandemic crises. There is great demand of education in online mode and subsequently cost free learning services are being provided by a number of digital learning platforms such as Unacademy, GradeUp, BYJU’S etc. Online education has proved to be time saving and a better mechanism for imparting knowledge at large scale. Quality education is easily available to all. The online dependence has also reduced the necessity of copies and books ,thus being beneficial to the environment. Taking into account the current situation of the world, the online education has proved to be a boon. The road ahead is seemingly bright and many more revolutions are believed to come in the sector of education but it is required to be adopted with care.

In order to make one’s life easier, various innovations and services came into existence. The most adaptive initiative that came into being is work from home, allowing the employees to work to operate online at the ease of their homes. Working in a household environment provides much more flexibility and satisfaction in work. It has also helped to create a better balance between work and life, by encouraging oneself to plan not only a suitable work schedule but also a schedule for spare time as well as a holiday.

“If working remotely is such a great idea, why isn’t everyone doing it? I think it’s because we’ve been bred on the idea that work happens from 9 to 5, in offices and cubicles. It’s no wonder that most who are employed inside that model haven’t considered other options or resist the idea that it could be any different. But it can.”

– Jason Fried

One can organize the task along with the time, taking into account their requirements and wishes personally. Subsequently, no resources are required in addition to form a place for work. Work from home is proved to be cost-effective for both the employees as well as the company, there is no need for any individual to travel from one place to another. Thus, it saves both time and money. However, it solely depends on the individual to carry out their task the way they want, making the work more productive.

In this contemporary age, technology has spread its wings far wide. The online mode of office work and education was only functioning during the pandemic period when all the educational institutions and offices were closed. By the advancing of digital era, the employees were allowed to work virtually from home and maintain their routine of work without going to their workplace. A sight of the working of the virtual world is seen in this pandemic. Such virtualization has greatly helped us to operate from the comforts of our homes and also helped in saving time and money. Online education is in great demand and trend today and in near future it would replace the traditional classroom teaching mechanism. The virtual world came into light a long time back but today its existence is widely recognized all over the world.

Thus, these are clear indications that post-pandemic revolutionary changes would be observed in the sector of education and working class and in the future ahead remote learning would be irresistible and more virtualization would perceive.

TRADITION AND THE INDIVIDUAL TALENT :T S Eliot

WHAT DOES ELIOT MEAN BY “TRADITION” ?
HOW CAN WE TELL WHAT IS TRADITIONAL ?
WHAT RELATION SHOULD THE WRITER HAVE TO THE WRITINGS OF THE PAST?

T S Eliot in his 1919 essay Tradition and the Individual Talent elucidates his concept on tradition and it’s importance on individuality of poet. He begins the essay by pointing out that “tradition” is generally regarded as a word of censure. Eliot says that English people praise poet’s for wrong reasons. But he says, the most individual part of a poet’s mind shows the influence of past writers. According to Eliot “… if we approach a poet without this prejudice, we shall often find that not only the best, but the most individual part of his work may be those in which the dead poets, his ancestors, assert their
immortality most vigorously”.

To elucidate upon literary tradition Eliot brings the significance of past writers. He says that tradition does not mean blind adherence to the ways of previous generations. He also says that tradition in the sense of passive repetition is to be discouraged. He says “novelty is better than repetition”. By “tradition” eliot means the recognition of the continuity of past literature. The sense of tradition instills the fact in the mind of poets that, writers of the past continue to be significant in the present. According to T S Eliot, tradition involves a historical sense. This historical sense involves the perception of not only the pastness of the past, but also it’s presence. In other words, Eliot means that the historical sense in tradition, enables the poet to realise that past is not something isolated from the present. So, the poet perceives the essence of the past through this sense. A man of historical sense have the knowledge and understanding of the whole literature of Europe from Homer to his present day and it’s significance. The writer realises that past exist in the present and both are simultaneous. This ” historical sense which is a sense of the timeless as well as of the temporal and of the timeless and of the temporal together, is what makes a writer traditional”. By this Eliot means that the writer is conscious of his own generation, it’s significance and he is also conscious about his relationship with past writers.

Next argument from Eliot is the relation of a poet with tradition and how can a poet acquire the sense of tradition. In his words “tradition cannot be inherited, and if you want if you must obtain it by great labour”. This is knowing the past writers, not blind adherence and knowing what is good and useful. The sense of tradition not only implies recognition of continuity of literature, but the critical judgement of pastness and it’s significance. As Eliot said this knowledge and judgement demands great effort. This judgement is for principle of aesthetic and not for merely historical criticism. The present writers should compare and contrast the writings of the past. This is the relation of present writers to past writings. Such comparison and contrast is essential for forming a significant idea for a new writer. According to Eliot tradition is dynamic, which is not fixed and static. It keeps changing. A writer seeks guidance from the past and a new work modifies the past. In his own words he says ” past should be altered by the present and present is directed by the past”. So when a new literary work is created, the whole literary tradition is modified. So, the relation of past and present is reciprocal. To quote Eliot ” the existing monuments form an ideal order among themselves, which is modified by the introduction of the new (the really new) work of art among them.” The past writings will not become insignificant. Every great writer like Virgil, Dante and Shakespeare never gets insignificant and they contribute to literary tradition. In this relation of the present writers to the past, the comparison and contrast is not to determine which is good or bad. It is to know facts, for the purpose of analysis and for the better understanding of the new work. The past writers should be examined critically.

Another important factor about the relation of present writers to the past is that, a poet should not be content with the poet of any particular age or major writers. The poet must know the main trends and he must also know main litrary trends and he must also know main literary trends are not determined by great poets, ordinary poet’s are also significant. So this surrender to tradition is more valuable than individuality. By a sense of tradition, poet allows his poetic sensibility to be moulded and modified by the past and it is fundamental for poetic creation.

GLOBALIZATION IN EDUCATION

What is Globalization?

The term Globalization has derived from the word “Globalize”, which means emergence of a international network of social and economic system. As a general phenomenon, globalization refers to a process of greater interdependence which brings proximity and “we feeling” among all human beings as residents of the same planet. It inculcates the value of “world citizenship among the habitants of the world. According to Joseph Stiglitz, winner of Nobel prize in economics, 2001″ Globalization is the removal of barriers to free trade and the close integration of national economics.”

Under World Trade organization (WTO), in 1995 signed the General agreement on Trade and Services (GATS) treaty, which is considered as the milestone in the context of globalization which created an unprecedented mode of change in the education system specially in higher education.

Impact of Globalization on Education

Globalization has both positive and negative impact on Educational system. Some of the positive impacts of globalization are as follows:

  • Globalization has improved the quality of education. Due to globalization, countries got the opportunity to witness the best education systems worldwide and thus could replicate them.
  • New methods of learning such as e-learning, blended learning was quickly adopted by many countries due to globalization.
  • Knowledge sharing among the world countries resulted in teaching updated technologies to students across the world.
  • Due to globalization, foreign universities were established in developing countries. These universities helped many students in getting a high-quality education. Moreover, foreign investments in the education sector of developing and underdeveloped countries also helped in improving the facilities and infrastructure.
  • Now, more and more students are studying in colleges of other countries through e-learning.
  • As the number of foreign students is increasing at a rapid rate, several countries are improving their quality of education and teaching practices continuously.
  • Education should develop empathy and understanding in students. Globalization enabled students to develop an understanding of other cultures, which is like a practical education.
  • Due to globalization, many realized the importance of education and hence literacy rates have improved worldwide.
  • Globalization made many people aware of human rights and the loopholes in the governance of their own countries. This practical education helps students in taking part in the development of their countries.
  • Globalization encouraged many countries to adopt alternative learning systems such as homeschooling, distance education, world schooling etc.
  • Many universities are now teaching global education. Moreover, in general, students are more interested in learning and following modern blended culture due to globalization. So, some people have fears about the extinction of local languages and culture.
  • Not everyone has access to quality education. The improved education due to globalization is only beneficial for the rich and people of urban areas. There is a huge gap between rich-poor and urban-rural areas in access to educational opportunities. Globalization is further widening these gaps because those who utilized the opportunities will improve their economic status.

Damaging Impacts of Globalization in Education

  • Marketisation of Higher education.
  • Globalization leading towards privatization in education. Which again results in hike of fee structure, declination in quality and equity.
  • Globalization Causing de-professionalization of teaching and excessive interest in technology.
  • As adverse effect of globalization of education mostly the developing countries are suffering from tremendous brain drain.

The process of globalization not only influences the educational aspect of a nation. It has equal impacts on economical, political, environmental, cultural aspects that ultimately influences the standard of living of human community.

Conclusion

Globalization has helped many countries in improving their education systems and literacy rates. However, not everyone could benefit from the impact of globalization on education. Education inequalities must be bridged between Rich-poor & urban-rural areas so that everyone can utilize the opportunities created by globalization.

NEGATIVE CAPABILITY IN “ODE TO A NIGHTINGALE”

John Keats introduced the term Negative Capability in a letter written in December 1817. In his own terms that is, “when a man is capable of being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts without lany irritable reaching after fact and reasons”. According to M H Abrahams this can be taken to characterize an impersonal or objective author who maintains aesthetic distance as opposed to a subjective author who personally involved with the characters and actions represented in a work
of literature, and as opposed to an author who uses a literary work to present and to make persuasive his or her personal beliefs. John Keats himself characterized this quality of writing between Shakespeare and Coleridge. In simple terms negative capability is against the pursuit of logic and reason in favor of a sense of beauty and wonder.
In Keats’ poem Ode to a Nightingale an example of negative capability is visible. The poem deals with the poet’s musings on morality in a pessimistic manner. In the beginning the poet is being mesmerized by the nightingale’s song and he is in a state of intoxication. Later poet intends to join the bird by forgetting all the worldly difficulties by having high quality vine. But then the poet rejects this idea and by his “viewless wings of poesy” he can leave the sense. He believes his imagination will help him to forget all the pains of life. And he is already with the bird with his imagination. Towards the end poet believes that this is the most appropriate time to die because he can leave the world by listening to the immortal song of nightingale. When Keats concludes the poem he is in a state of confusion and says “was it a vision or dream?” He is in a state of internal conflict and never reaching for facts or reasons. In this instance we can find
element of negative capability in Ode to a Nightingale.