Recently, when we look back and check once, we can see many countries delegates like Prime Minister, President, one or the other is visiting India. Boris Johnson, Prime Minister of United Kingdom also planned to visit, but due to pandemic the plan was cancelled. The point here is them not visiting us. The point is why they are visiting us? And why such Global powers are showing Interest on us.

Also, recently India and Us held a 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue, which shows the importance of India for US.

Every country, it maybe USA, Japan, Russia, France, Asia-European Union are trying to be or maintain relationship with India. It can be friendship or enmity, showing interest have any reason behind.

when we look back, India’s prestige is increasing world wide, It’s not that it is popular in ancient times, the growth and popularity of India started long back from Indus Valley Civilization itself. The IVC people used to have trade relationship with Mesopotamia and Egypt.

Its like the International relation that India have with other countries started long back but increased during the 16th century when European countries started to reach India.

In post Independent India, the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru linked Indian foreign policy with principles of Panchsheel and Non-alignment.

In late 1940’s India supported Indonesian colonial war to end the Dutch rule. This is why India manages to make a different place on world stage.

one of the major positive that’s attracting the other countries is

• India’s demographic advantage
• India’s strategic location
• Economic factor
• close cultural and religious ties.
• Indian Philosophies

India’s demographic advantage. we have higher number of youth population. Around 62.5%of Indian population belong to the working age group of 15- 59years.

India’s strategic location. As India is covered with water on 3 sides. one side is Pacific ocean, Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean- can have a route from Mediterranean sea. there is a logic behind this. More than 80% of total maritime oil trade takes place through the 3 narrow passages located in Indian Ocean.

As it’s role as a peace provider. India’s increased defense capabilities helped India in launching the SAGAR i.e., Security and Growth For All.

Economic factor. In an estimate by world economic league, India with 6.8trillion USD will become the 3rd largest economy by 2031.

Also, India is providing development assistance to countries like Nepal, Bhutan, SriLanka, Latin America and Africa. apart from this, India was there when the countries need a help during the time of pandemic, natural disasters etc.

This is the reason why every country is having that respect towards India, as its maintaining friendly cordial relationships with the fellow countries.

COMPREHENSION OF GIVEN PASSAGES

Word ‘comprehension’ means the ability to understand what you listen to or what you read.
The most essential requirement for understanding the passage is to know the meaning of the words used in it.

Types of comprehensive passage

• Factual passage: A factual passage contains 300 to 350 words. It is a detailed description in which some information is added along with a detailed description of physical attributes. A good factual passage describes the reader to compare or contrast the relevant information regarding facts, data, etc.

• Discursive passage: A discursive passage contains a text which is either argumentative or interpretative or persuasive in nature. They may also include opinions or feedback.

Requisite skills of Comprehensive passage

To develop a better level of comprehension one requires certain skills:

• Logical ability
• The ability to infer
• Analytical ability
• Reasoning ability
• Ability to understand the main motive or the idea of the author.
• Reading speed
• Vocabulary power
• Remembering some important information from the paragraph otherwise, we need to refer the paragraph again and again which will consume more time.

PRECISE WRITING

Precis Writing is a summary. It is an exercise of compression. A precis writing is a gist of any passage in as few words as possible.

Guidelines for precise writing

• Closely read the passage, and identify the central idea of the passage. It is vital to identify the general idea of the passage and incorporate it in one’s précis.
• Look-out for the total number of words. If the number is not provided, quickly calculate the number using approximations.
• In order to understand the passage clearly, make sure that you read the passage closely, and give it a couple of reads before you start writing the précis.
• Highlight the most important points in the passage, and make notes. Leave out all non-essential information from the précis.
• Provide an apt heading to your précis.
• Note making is an essential task for writing précis. You should try to arrange the points in most logical order, and ensure the order of thought is the same as the original.
• The three grammatical rules you need to follow while writing a précis are: write it in third person, indirect form and appropriate past tense.
• It is advisable to provide designations of officials rather than names and titles. In case the official designation is not provided, you can use the personal name. Kindly be consistent with the pattern you adopt.
• Make sure you review your rough draft, remove the chinks and ensure that you have made no language related errors.
• Before writing your précis, make sure you have a glance over the original to make sure you have not missed anything.
• Finally, a wise policy would be to count the words of your precis and put them down in a bracket at the end.

QUALITIES OF GOOD PRECIS

• Objectivity:
   Objectivity means how you are presenting your facts and views without it being biasing your feelings or personal opinions. In stricter terms, precis writing should be a summary of the passage or text given to you. It should not include your personal idea or opinions.
• Clarity:
  A precis is the crisp formation of the passage and it should be as crisp and clear as possible. Clarity is essentially getting your ideas loud and clear without writing it in depth. It should convey what the writer is trying to say. 
• Coherence:
  It clearly means that ideas and views that you have presented should be logical and the interconnection of the ideas should be proper. 
• Correctness:
  There are many mistakes that you should avoid while writing a precis. Many such mistakes include mistakes in figures and dates, the spelling of words, punctuation mistakes, structure and grammar mistakes, and many more. 
• Conciseness:
  Conciseness means that the precis should contain all the information required while not mentioning it in depth. It should not be too long either too short and both of these should not have any impact while writing a precis.
• Completeness:
   It should include as many things as possible and more importantly the facts. In fact, a good one should be able to produce all the facts while being short. A short precis does not mean avoiding important facts. Also, the important thing that you should remember is it should be a summary and not a short description of the passage.
  

Points to Avoid for Precis Writing

• Do not elaborate a lot on a single point.
• Do not use your own interpretation, criticism,  or assumption about the text.
• Do not copy sentences from the original text or use abbreviations.
• Do not break the flow of events and keep the text well connected.

USAGE AND VOCABULARY

Usage is the act of using something. Vocabulary is all about words — the words in a language or a special set of words you are trying to learn.

SHORT ESSAYS

An essay is typically a short, non-fiction piece of writing.

Guidelines for short essays

• Each short essay should be a short essay of approximately 500 words, about 2 typewritten double-spaced pages in length. 
• You must write in full sentences and use proper grammar, punctuation, and spelling. 
• Your essay should answer the assigned question, drawing on the relevant reading assignment. 
• It is very important to deal with what the author says about the question, not simply with what you think.  (However, you may contrast your own opinion with the author’s, offer a critique of her argument, etc.  But this requires that you start by setting out the author’s position.)
• Even though you are dealing with the author’s view about the question, you need to express it in your own words. 
• Extended quotations of the text are inappropriate in an assignment of this length, and even short quotations require your analysis (e.g., you will need to explain what the sentence you have quoted means, how it bears on the question, etc.).
• Misrepresenting the words or ideas of others as your own is plagiarism. 
• You will not receive credit for any essays that contain plagiarism,.
• Moreover, it is course policy that plagiarism will result in a failing grade for the course and the possibility of further administrative sanctions. 
• If you are completely unsure of what the author is claiming or how it bears on the question you have been asked to answer, you should write a brief essay on what the author seems to be claiming, why it does not make sense to you, and what two questions you might ask the author to help you understand his view.
• Short essays are due at the beginning of lecture. 
•  No late reading responses will be accepted.  Of the 4 reading responses assigned, your lowest grade will be dropped from the average.