World NO TOBACCO DAY is observed every year on 31st May.

Every year, the World Health Organization honors governments, organizations and individuals for their efforts and contributions to curbing tobacco use.

This day raises awareness about the damage caused by consuming tobacco. Consuming tobacco kills over 80 lakh people across the world every year. Besides the human cost, consuming tobacco also causes the environment to degrade. 

The WHO member countries agreed to observe World No-Tobacco Day on May 31 in 1987. Since then, this day is marked each year with a relevant theme.

 In 1987, the WHO’s World Health Assembly passed Resolution WHA40. 38, calling for 7 April 1988 to be “a world no-smoking day”. The objective of the day was to urge tobacco users worldwide to abstain from using tobacco products for 24 hours, an action they hoped would provide assistance for those trying to quit.

Theme for year 2022 is…………….“Protect The Environment”.

As per WHO, “The harmful impact of the tobacco industry on the environment is vast and growing adding unnecessary pressure to our planet’s already scarce resources and fragile ecosystems.”

Tobacco consumption is one of the factors that are believed to adversely impact the efforts to achieve the UN–adopted sustainable development agenda by 2030, which aims to reduce tobacco-related deaths by one-third by that time.

Tobacco consumption can lead to lung cancer, which mostly hits those with a substantial cigarette smoking history. Around 80-90% of people are diagnosed with lung cancer have a history of tobacco smoking. Tobacco is the leading cause of death for men and the second leading cause when both men and women are included.

World No Tobacco Day – Key messages

• Tobacco harms the environment
• Make the tobacco industry clean the mess.
• Quit tobacco to save our planet.
• Help tobacco farmers switch to sustainable farming.

Back in 8th century, The Umayyad Caliphate had conquered Sindh, which we call the present day Pakistan. However, India was too distant to control and subsequent Caliphs were unable to exercise control over it and expand further.

Then in 11th century Mohammad of Ghazni invaded India and established a permenant Turkic regime there after taking Lahore in 1030. After the collapse of his empire, various dynasties ruled northern India and the dynasty is called Delhi Sultanate. although, no one was very successful for a very long time.

the last of this dynasty was the Lodhi dynasty. However in 1526, a Timurid prince named Zahir-ud-din-Muhammad Babur was left with nothing to loose and no options left in the central Asia, decided to invade India. Babur was the fifth generation descendant of Tamerlane and the 13th generation descendent of Genghis khan. Like many other Timurid princess, he claimed the entirety of Timur’s Empire. however he was barely able to control/ rule Fergana valley. he was pushed South from there by the rise of Uzbeks until he established his seat of power in Kabul. With the Safavids to the west and Uzbeks to the north he had nowhere to go but east. and that east is nothing but India.

In 1526, he faced the ruling Lodi Dynasty at Panipat. He defeated them over the 4years and he conquered almost all of Northern India after facing other local Hindu and Muslim rulers.

The dynasty he founded came to be known as the Mughals which is the Persian word for Mongol. Although, the dynasty itself held strong ties to timur and called themselves the Gurkani Dynasty. Babur died in 1530 at the age of 46years.

That’s when Humayun came into picture who is the son of Babur.

Humayun was not a very capable leader and on top of that he indulged a little too much in wine and opium. His incapableness led to invasion of many surrounding rulers. One Afghan noble named Sher Shah Suri- he over threw Humayun in 1539. Later Sher Shah Suri died in a battle in 1545 and his empire was divided up.

Humayun asked Safavids for help and started conquering the divided empire. By 1555, both Delhi and Lahore were under his control. But, unfortunately he died by falling from stairs in 1556.

Jalal-ud=din Muhammad Akbar a mere 12 year old was installed as the next ruler of Mughal Empire. Regents ruled and stabilized the empire on the young Shahan shah’s behalf for the very first five years of his reign. By 1551 he was ready to take charge.

He expanded the empire further by conquering Gujarat, Bihar and parts of Bengal. However at this point, the Mughals had a bit of legitimacy problem. They were a foreign Muslim Dynasty ruling over a realm where less than 5% of the population who followed the same faith as them.

Babur and Humayun were the followers of Sufi Islam and that was continued the same by Akbar. Although, over the years, he began a struggle to reconcile Islam and the various Indian religions, He invited scholars of various religions to have a open discussion in the Ibadat- khana. He also invited Jesuits from the portuguese enclave at Goa.

He was also the one who translated Mahabharata into persian, so his people could read it and understand Hinduism a bit better.

The Mughals designed a system of Bureaucracy called the Mansabdari system which was reformed by Akbar. Akbar was described as the Greatest Mughal ruler out of many. In fact Akbar means ” THEGREAT” and was a title given to him. He died in 1605

Jahangir-heir of Akbar took the throne. He tried to expand the empire but it had pretty much reached its limits.

The other rulers include Shah Jahan, Aurangazeb and this will be explained in another post.

UPSC announces the final results of the exam on 30 May 2022 in its official website https://www.upsc.gov.in/ . 685 candidates have qualified in UPSC CSE 2021. Candidates who passed this year. Of these 244 candidates were from General Category, 73 were from Economic Backward Classes, 203 were from OBC [ Other Backward Classes ], 105 were from SC, and 60 were from ST.

This time 3 All India Ranks were occupied by girls. Shruti Sharma secured AIR [ All India Rank ]1 this year. Along with her, Ankita Agrawal secured AIR 2 and Gamini Singla secured AIR 3. Shruti Sharma belongs to Bijnor city of UP, Ankita Agrawal belongs to Kolkata, West Bengal and Gamini Singla belongs to Anandpur Sahib city of Punjab. Candidates should note that the marks will be available on the website within 15 days from the date of declaration of result.

“I was hoping that i would clear the UPSC examination but I was not expecting to Top,” Shruti shared with reports.

“Congratulations to all those who have cleared the Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2021. My best wishes to these youngsters who are embarking on their administrative careers at an important time of India’s development journey, when we are marking Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav.” wrote PM Modi on Twitter [https://twitter.com/narendramodi].

The examination is conducted annually in three stages – prelims, main and interview (personality test) – to select officers for Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Foreign Service (IFS), Indian Police Service (IPS) and other posts.

Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2021 result was announced on March 17. Those who cleared the main examination were called for the interview round (personality test). The personality test was held from April 5 to May 26, 2022.

UPSC CSE final result is based on candidates’ performance in mains and interview rounds. Results of 80 candidates are provisional and that of one is kept withheld.

TOP 10 TOPPERS’S LIST 2021

1. Shruti Sharma
2. Ankita Agrawal
3. Gamini Singha
4. Aishwarya Verma
5. Utkarsh Dwivedi
6. Yaksh Chawdhary
7. Samyak . S . Jain
8. Ishita Rathi
9. Pritam Kumar
10. Harkirat Singh Randhawa