Money Heist (Spanish: La casa de papel, “The House of Paper”) is a Spanish heist crime drama television series created by Álex Pina. The series traces two long-prepared heists led by the Professor (Álvaro Morte) and one on the Royal Mint of Spain. The narrative is told in a real-time-like fashion and relies on flashbacks, time-jumps, hidden character motivations, and an unreliable narrator. The series was initially intended as a limited series to be told in two parts. It had its original run of 15 episodes on Spanish network Antena 3 from 2 May 2017 through 23 November 2017. Netflix re-cut the series into 22 shorter episodes and released them worldwide, beginning with the first part on 20 December 2017. Part 3, with eight episodes, was released on 19 July 2019. In July 2020, Netflix renewed the show for a fifth and final part, which will be released in two five-episode volumes on 3 September and 3 December 2021. By 2018, the series has become Netflix’s most-watched non-English-language series. The anti-fascist Italian song “Bella ciao,” which appears several times in the series, was a summer success across Europe in 2018. At the 46th International Emmy Honors, the series won many awards, including Best Drama Series.

Season 1

Part 1 opens with the aftermath of a failed bank robbery by a lady named “Tokyo,” as a man dubbed “Professor” saves her from the cops and offers a heist of epic proportions. The tale leaps to the commencement of a multi-day assault on the Royal Mint of Spain in Madrid after a brief explanation of the intended theft. Tokyo, Moscow, Berlin, Nairobi, Rio de Janeiro, Denver, Helsinki, and Oslo are the code names for the eight thieves. The robbers, dressed in red jumpsuits and wearing a Salvador Dal mask, grab 67 hostages as part of their plot to print and flee with €2.4 billion down a self-built escape tunnel. The thieves within the Mint struggle to follow the pre-determined regulations in parts 1 and 2, and are confronted with recalcitrant captives, brutality, isolation, and mutiny. The events are narrated by Tokyo through voice-overs. In the first part of the second instalment of The Professor, Raquel finds a series of postcards left by the Professor, who wrote the coordinates for a location in the Philippines, where she reunites with him. Raquel realises his true identity, but is emotionally unable and unwilling to hand him over to the police. At the end of part 2, after 128 hours, the robbers escape successfully from the Mint with €984 million, but at the cost of the lives of three people.

Season 2

Part 3 of the series follows the Professor and Berlin’s plans to rob the Royal Mint of Spain three years after the last heist. The Professor is captured by Europol, but escapes with a new gang led by Mónica. Part 3 concludes by showing Lisbon alive and in custody, and Tokyo narrating that the Professor had fallen for his own trap and that “the war had begun”. The Professor and Marseille deduce that Lisbon must still be alive and being interrogated by Sierra in a tent outside of the bank. They persuade Tamayo’s assistant, Antoñanzas, to help them, and the Professor can establish a 48-hour truce with the police. Part 4 concludes with Lisbon rejoining the gang within the bank, and with Sierra finding the Professor’s hideout, holding him at gunpoint, and exposing the torture of Rio and the holding of Lisbon to the public.

The process of preserving, identifying, extracting, and documenting computer evidence that can be utilized in a court of law is known as digital forensics. It is the science of extracting information from digital media such as a computer, smartphone, server, or network. It equips the forensic team with the most up-to-date techniques and tools for resolving complex digital cases. Digital forensics assists the forensic team in analyzing, inspecting, identifying, and preserving digital evidence stored on a variety of electronic devices. 

Some imp Historic points

• Hans Gross (1847-1915) was the first person to utilise a scientific research as the basis for a criminal inquiry.
• Set up a lab to provide forensics services to all field agents and other law enforcement agencies across the United States in 1932.
• The Florida Computer Crime Act acknowledged the first computer crime in 1978.
• Francis Galton (1982 – 1911): Conducted the first known fingerprint research.
• The phrase “computer forensics” first appeared in academic literature in 1992.
• It was founded in 1995 by the International Organization on Computer Evidence (IOCE).
• The First FBI Regional Computer Forensic Laboratory was created in the year 2000.
• The first book about digital forensics, “Best practises for Computer Forensics,” was released in 2002 by the Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWGDE).
• Simson Garfinkel highlighted problems with digital investigations in 2010.

Goals of Digital Forensics

It assists the investigative agency in recovering, analysing, and preserving computer and associated documents in such a way that they may be presented as evidence in a court of law. It aids in determining the crime’s purpose and the identification of the principal perpetrator. Creating protocols at a suspected crime scene to guarantee that the digital evidence collected is not tampered with. Data duplication and acquisition: recovering lost files and partitions from digital media in order to extract and evaluate evidence. Allows you to rapidly discover evidence as well as evaluate the possible impact of harmful conduct on the victim. Producing a comprehensive computer forensic report detailing the investigative procedure. Following the chain of possession to preserve the evidence.

Process of Digital forensics

• Identification

In the forensic procedure, it is the initial stage. What evidence is present, where it is held, and how it is stored are all part of the identification process (in which format).

Personal computers, mobile phones, and personal digital assistants (PDAs) are examples of electronic storage medium.

• Preservation

This includes preventing tampering with digital evidence by stopping others from accessing the device. It also entails isolating, protecting, and archiving the device’s data.

• Analysis

In this stage, investigators piece together data pieces and form conclusions based on the evidence uncovered. It may, however, take several iterations of investigation to substantiate a certain criminal hypothesis.

• Documentation

A crime scene map is a record of all visible data that aids in recreating and evaluating the crime scene. It includes photographing, drawing, and mapping the crime scene. The procedure include accurate recording of the crime scene, as well as pictures, sketches, and maps. Police will be able to observe what transpired at the site and have a better understanding of what they are seeking to solve in this manner.

• Presentation

The process of summary and explanation of findings is completed in this final phase.

It should, however, be expressed in layman’s words with abstracted terminology. The exact information should be referenced in all abstracted terminology.

Types of Forensics

There are several branches of digital forensics. Disk Forensics deals with extracting data from storage media by searching active, modified, or deleted files. Network Forensics is related to monitoring and analysis of computer network traffic to collect important information and legal evidence. Malware Forensics: This branch deals with the identification of malicious code, viruses, worms, etc. Email Forensics : Deals with recovery and analysis  of emails, including deleted emails, calendars, and contacts. The main aim of wireless forensics is to offer the tools needed to collect and analyze the data from wireless network traffic. Database Forensics is a branch of digital forensics relating to the study and examination of databases and their related metadata. Memory Forensics deals with collecting data from system memory (system registers, cache, RAM) in raw form and then carving the data. Mobile Phone Forensics mainly deals with the examination and analysis of mobile devices.

Benefits of digital forensics

Digital forensics helps companies to capture important information if their computer systems or networks are compromised. Efficiently tracks down cybercriminals from anywhere in the world. Helps to protect the organization’s money and valuable time. Allows to extract, process, and interpret the factual evidence, so it proves the cybercriminal action’s in the court. To maintain the computer system’s integrity. To present evidence in court that might result in the perpetrator’s punishment.

Drawbacks of digital forensics

 Digital evidence accepted into court must be proved that there is no tampering. If the tool used for digital forensic is not according to specified standards, then in the court of law, the evidence can be disapproved by justice. Legal practitioners must have extensive computer knowledge and need to produce authentic and convincing evidence. The expense of creating and keeping electronic documents is quite high.

Evidence that is both authentic and compelling is required.

Due to a lack of technical expertise on the part of the investigating officer, the desired outcome may not be achieved.

“A child is meant to learn, not to earn.”

Child labour is a type of crime in which children are forced to work at a young age and do tasks that adults undertake by engaging in economic operations. We discover youngsters working as hotel suppliers, caretakers, industrial employees, prostitutes, and other ill-paying jobs all around the world in order to help their families survive. It is our job to ensure that every child experiences a happy childhood. Every child deserves the same care, and instead of working out their childhoods, they should be sent to school.

Reasons for Child labour

Poverty and a lack of education are the two main causes of child labor’s rising societal evil.Because parents view their children as money-making machines, they carry babies to make extra money on the street by begging.They then take them as beggars and eventually sell them to employers as they mature.This disease has spread over India’s length and breadth.Child labour is caused by a variety of factors other than poverty and a lack of education.Some of the causes may be universal in some nations, while others are exclusive to certain locations.

To begin with, it occurs in nations where there is a high level of unemployment rather than poverty. When a family’s earnings are insufficient, the children are forced to work in order to help the family survive. Similarly, if the elders in the family are unemployed, the younger members of the family must fill in for them. Furthermore, when individuals lack access to education, they would eventually force their children to work. Because they are ignorant, they are only concerned with the short term outcome, which is why they force children to work in order for them to live in the present. The children’s future will be the same as their parents’, who are illiterate and let their children work at a young age.

Child Labour in the Worst Situation

After Africa, India has the second-highest rate of child labour. Slavery or bonded child labour is one of the most harmful forms of work for children.

Despite the fact that the Indian parliament enacted the bonded labour system in 1976, this practise still exists. It is estimated that there are around 10 million bonded children working as domestic servants in India, with almost 55 million bonded children employed in other countries. The children are sold to money lenders since the money borrowed cannot be repaid at home. Street children are another kind of child labour, in which youngsters work on the streets as beggars, flower sellers, and other types of street vendors rather than attending school. They are often forced to go hungry for days on end in order to make others feel sorry for them and offer charity. Child labour, when combined with child maltreatment, has become one of the world’s most pernicious diseases. Year after year, statistics reveal an increase in child maltreatment, particularly among girls. To disguise the fact that a girl has been abused at home, she is sold to a city employer as domestic assistance or later as a bride to an older man.

Child Labour is to be banned.

Child labour is to be considered if state parties acknowledge the right of children to be safeguarded from economic exploitation, according to article 32 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Any employment that is likely to interfere with a child’s education should be damaging to the child’s health, according to United Nations guidelines. If we are to eliminate child labour, we must devise effective solutions that will save our children. It will also benefit the future of any country dealing with these social challenges to form multiple unions dedicated entirely to the prevention of child labour. These unions should assist children who are engaged in this job and penalise those who force them to do so. Furthermore, we must keep parents informed in order to instil in them the value of education.

We will be able to educate more and more children who will not be forced to work as children if tuition is made free and people are made aware. Furthermore, raising public awareness about the negative repercussions of child labour is essential. In order to eliminate it, we must also implement family control measures. This will relieve the family’s financial burden, and because there will be less food to feed, the parents will be able to work for themselves rather than the children. To exist, the government must provide a basic income to every household. Because there are areas where no accounting has been done on how many children are working or forced to work in violation of the child labour laws, the best important information about child labour cannot be brought to the tree size. Many workshops and industries have fantasised about areas where children can work, eat, and sleep. No one from the outside world would even know they were working there, and those working for the welfare of child labour have been able to rescue numerous children from such units thanks to a tip from insiders. The national strategy on child labour, which was established in 1987, aims to take a progressive and sequential approach, with an emphasis on the rehabilitation of children who work in dangerous jobs. Not only must steps be done to halt this crime against children, but they must also be taken to ensure that every kid has a healthy and normal childhood.

At last I would say that “Make our Future Bright Shape our Future Right Stop Child Labour”

National Doctor’s Day is a holiday honouring doctors. This day was designated as a special day to honour Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, a famous physician and West Bengal’s second prime minister. Doctor is the term, and the work they accomplish is on the level of a deity. People have realised the necessity of physicians as a result of the Pandemic. The tough circumstances surrounding COVID-19 have reminded us once again of the everyday efforts and sacrifices made by physicians and healthcare workers all across the world. Doctor’s Day is observed on various days across the world to honour this great profession. This year is committed once again to all of the doctors and healthcare workers who are risking their lives in these hard times, whether in primary or secondary care settings, or in dedicated COVID care facilities.

Tough Education

Being a doctor isn’t easy. A child has to set his/her mind in the way that doing hard work and practice is the only way towards success. Many students wish to pursue a career as a doctor. Doctors have a prominent social and professional life, allowing them to help a large number of people while also earning a good living. If you want to be a doctor, you should start planning and preparing for it as soon as possible after high school. If you’ve decided to pursue a career as a doctor, be aware that the road ahead will not be simple. To become a doctor, you must begin working diligently at an early age and make the necessary sacrifices for several years. A genuine concern in the well and happiness of others, as well as a desire to serve others, are two essential traits for a doctor.Physics, Chemistry, and Biology are required courses in secondary school or at the plus two level.

You must have completed 17 years but not be older than 25 years while applying for the MBBS programme through the general category.The bachelor’s degree in medicine (MBBS) is the first step toward becoming a doctor. This is your ticket to a medical profession. This is generally a five-and-a-half-year programme that culminates in a year of mandatory internship.

Those interested in pursuing a degree in MBBS, BDS, or Veterinary Science must take the NEET test. The Central Board of Secondary Education in India holds a single entrance examination every year to admit students to various medical institutions across the country. The colleges you can attend are determined by your NEET test score. There are particular courses available throughout your degree if you want to specialise in subjects like Ayurveda, Homeopathy, or Unani. The admission tests for JIPMER, AIIMS, Armed Force Medical College, Lady Hardinge Medical College, and Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College are held separately. Students who want to attend these universities must take these special examinations conducted by the colleges and do not have to go through the NEET process. JIPMER is one of India’s most prominent medical schools.

This is the Education one has to take to become a doctor.

Problems occurred during Covid-19 service

In the fight against COVID-19, doctors and healthcare professionals who are reacting to a worldwide health catastrophe have become unintentional targets. Several incidents of such violence against them have been reported in India during this epidemic period. Doctors have been spit on, abused, and driven away, according to reports. Due to a scarcity of personal protective equipment, this is the case (PPE). Doctors blame the rise in violence against healthcare professionals on a combination of misinformation and fear, which has been exacerbated by the pandemic. Patients are unable to obtain healthcare due to transportation stoppage, fear of law enforcement, and dissatisfaction as a result of quarantine or containment zone limitations, all of which have worsened the situation. During their work, up to 75% of doctors are subjected to violence. The reasons for violence against healthcare workers may vary from fear, anxiety, panic, misinformation and mistrust. Government hospitals in India are inundated in such a public health crisis with lack of adequate facilities, equipment and infrastructure. People are panicked about catching COVID-19 from medical workers or being stigmatised for having contracted it themselves. The situation is being made more difficult as health units and professionals in some government hospitals highlight shortage of PPE but receive hostile response from hostile hospital administration.

Overcome these Problems.

A better and timely communication with the aggrieved patients and their family members is the key to avoid violence and untoward incidents. Due to shortage of time and to maintain social distancing norms, often the verbal and direct communication between doctors and patients is lacking during this pandemic. The hospitals should designate some social workers and counsellors to coordinate with them on a regular basis to allay any fears.

The widespread news coverage about COVID-19 has heightened anxiety and fear among the Indian public. Social media platforms can play a positive role in the current pandemic collaborating with Government agencies to educate the public about the diagnosis, spread, containment and prevention strategies against transmission. The uptake of ‘Aarogya Setu’—Indian government’s contact tracing application can be promoted by smart phone technology companies and web providers to minimise the spread of COvid-19. This will help to safely reduce lockdown measures.

Violence against doctors is underreported in India, perhaps because the doctors fear for their personal safety and harassment from the public, administration and law enforcement system. Recently, doctors and government institutions have started to take steps to protect themselves against violence. Marshalls have been posted at large central government hospitals in Delhi in their accident and emergency department. At places, doctors have had to evaluate patients from a distance to avoid assault.

The Indian government has recently issued an ordinance that makes violence against healthcare workers a non-bailable offence, punishable by up to 7 years imprisonment. The Ordinance seeks to protect doctors, nurses, and paramedic and community health workers from harassment or physical injury. It has been welcomed by all quarters to rein in violence and punish the wrongdoers.

Telehealth has been a game changer and one of the good outcomes of the COVID-19 outbreak. Patients will have less face-to-face interaction with doctors as a result of telehealth, which may minimise physical attack on doctors to some level. The prospect of telemedicine services being recorded may compel patients and their carers to act correctly.

Time has to identify effective ways and means to improve and strengthen public health education and practice, says Dr. Ravi Agrawal. Establishment of better primary healthcare facilities such as Delhi’s Mohalla (community) and Mumbai’s Swasth (health) clinics is one of the right ways forward to access local healthcare. Doctors and healthcare workers need to be supported in carrying out their fight against global health crises such as COVID-19 pandemic.

At last I would like to say “Doctors are humans not Gods so stop blaming them.”

Nonprofit organizations are a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit. A nonprofit is subject to the non-distribution constraint: any revenues that exceed expenses must be committed to the organization’s purpose, not taken by private parties. Nonprofit entities generally seek approval from governments to be tax-exempt, and some may also qualify to receive tax-deductible contributions. Nonprofit organizations are accountable to the donors, founders, volunteers, program recipients, and the public community. Public confidence is a factor in the amount of money that a nonprofit organization is able to raise. The more nonprofits focus on their mission, the more public confidence they will have. This will result in more money for the organization.

Management

Nonprofits must balance salaries paid to staff with money paid to provide services to the nonprofit’s beneficiaries. Nonprofit organizations must manage their income (both grants and donations and income from services) and expenses so as to remain a fiscally viable entity. Setting effective missions is a key for the successful management of nonprofit organizations. There are three important conditions for an effective mission: opportunity, competence and commitment.

Structure

Nonprofits can have members, but many do not; the nonprofit may also be a trust or association of members. The organization may be controlled by its members who elect the board of directors, board of governors or board of trustees. A board-only organization typically has a self-selected board and a membership whose powers are limited to those delegated to it by the board. The National Association of Parliamentarians has generated concerns about the implications for the future of openness, accountability, and understanding of public concerns in nonprofit organizations.

Difference between nonprofit and not for profit

Nonprofit and not-for-profit are terms that do not mean the same thing. Both are organizations that don’t make a profit, but may receive an income to sustain their missions. Nonprofit organizations return any extra income to the organization they generate. Not for-profits use their excess money to pay their members who do work for them.

Nonprofits are either member-serving or community-serving. Member-serving nonprofit organizations create a benefit for the members of their organization. Community-serving nonprofits focus on providing services to the community either globally or locally. It is possible for a nonprofit to be both member serving and community serving.

Does securing the future mean secure for oneself or only for family?? Does it only involve Life insurance and other things like saving money for future generations only?? Has the human mentality reached such a low esteem where everyone is busy securing their own future?? No, this mentality needs to be modified. Securing Future means letting all the children, whether with respect to caste, religion or gender, have the right to be safe. They also have the right to speak and shouldn’t be forced to do any malicious thing. They too have the right to education. 

Respect towards youngers

We no doubt respect elders. We talk to them politely and do every work told by them. This tradition is correct but this doesn’t mean to show disrespect against youngsters. They do have feelings. When elders don’t respect them, they feel very bad and no one is there with whom they can share feelings. If they share it with their parents then they will only get scolded or they will say okay okay and leave. These feelings then one day can become the backbone for being rude, arrogant and a violent character human. Elders should not always disrespect smaller ones as they are the future of tomorrow’s future. There’s a saying “As you sow so shall you reap”. Showing disrespect towards smaller then in future these smaller will show disrespect towards them at their older age.

Welfare units

Welfare units were formed more and more as the population of orphan or roadside children was not low. These units work for betterment of their current situation and make them strong enough so that these children can make their own future bright and successful. These units provide food, shelter and clothes to wear. They provide facilities of free education to all needy children. They help them to stand on their own feet’s. They adopt the smaller ones who are being neglected by their parents. Child welfare systems are complex, and their specific procedures vary widely by State. The purpose of this factsheet is to give a brief overview of the purposes and functions of child welfare from a national perspective. While the primary responsibility for child welfare services rests with the States, the Federal Government supports States through program funding and legislative initiatives. 

Future Generation is in danger

These kids are much smarter and are quick learners then their own parents. So, parents need to be careful before they act. Firstly, they should give up bad habits like smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking drugs. Even after trying to stop and it is not possible then don’t do these things in front of children as they are quick learners. They won’t take a long time to get addicted to these things. They might even start doing wrong things like smuggling, robbery, or rape or other things if their friends’ company or their surrounding is not good. The habitat or upbringings aren’t done properly. We all know that a human learns bad habits faster than good ones, this is why parents are requested to keep the surroundings good and clean of their child from birth.

At last, I would say that” Think before you act” and keep the futuremakers happy.

Always remember, if you have been diagnosed with PTSD, it is not a sign of weakness; rather, it is proof of your strength, because you have survived!.

People who have encountered or seen a traumatic incident such as a natural catastrophe, a major accident, a terrorist attack, war/combat, or rape, or who have been threatened with death, sexual assault, or significant injury, may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD affects approximately 3.5 percent of U.S. adults every year. Women are twice as likely as men to have the disorder problem. Latinos, African Americans and American Indians are disproportionately affected by the disease. It Is estimated that one in 11 people will be diagnosed with PTSD in their lifetime. People with this disorder have intense, disturbing thoughts and feelings related to their traumatic event that last long after the traumatic event has ended. People with PTSD may avoid situations or people that remind them of the traumatic experience. They may feel detached or estranged from other people. The symptoms include flashbacks, sadness, fear and anger. PTSD is a form of post-traumatic stress disorder. Symptoms can last for more than a month and cause significant distress or problems in daily functioning. Many individuals develop symptoms within three months of the trauma, but symptoms may persist for months and sometimes years. PTSD often occurs with depression, substance use, memory problems and other physical and mental health problems. 

Symptoms:-

1. Intrusion:- Repetitive, involuntary recollections; unpleasant nightmares; or flashbacks to the traumatic incident are examples of intrusive thoughts. People may have flashbacks that are so vivid that they believe they are reliving or witnessing the terrible event.
2. Alterations in arousal and reactivity:- Being impatient and having furious outbursts; acting recklessly or in a self-destructive manner; being too attentive of one’s surroundings in a suspicious manner; being easily startled; or having difficulty focusing or sleeping are all examples of arousal and reactive symptoms.
3. Alterations in cognition and mood:- A person who has suffered a traumatic experience is unable to remember or express the negative thoughts and feelings leading to ongoing and distorted beliefs about oneself or others (e.g., “I am bad,” “No one can be trusted” are symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder.
4. Avoidance:- Avoiding people, places, activities, items, and circumstances that may trigger painful memories is one way to prevent reminders of the traumatic experience. People may strive to forget or avoid recalling the unpleasant experience. They may be adamant about not discussing what occurred or how they feel about it.

Treatment:-

Not everyone who experiences trauma develops PTSD requires psychiatric treatment. The earlier a person gets treatment, the better chance of recovery. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be treatable and treatable with professional help.Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals use various effective (research-proven) methods to help people recover from PTSD. Both talk therapy and medication provide effective evidence-based treatments for PTSD. The most effective is cognitive behavior therapies (CBT), which is very effective.

1. Cognitive Processing Theory:- Focuses on altering unpleasant negative feelings (such as shame, guilt, and others) and beliefs (such as “I have failed”; “the world is unsafe”) that have arisen as a result of the trauma. Therapists assist the individual in confronting such upsetting memories and feelings.
2. Medication:- Can aid in the management of PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, the symptom alleviation that medicine offers helps many patients to participate in psychotherapy more successfully. The basic symptoms of PTSD are often treated with antidepressants. Other medicines may be used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients’ nightmares and sleep issues, as well as to reduce anxiety and physical agitation.
3. Stress Inoculation Therapy:- Attempts to provide the individual with the required copying abilities to effectively fight against stressful triggers by exposing them to lower amounts of stress, similar to how a vaccination prevents infection following exposure to a disease.
4. Prolonged Exposure Therapy:-Utilises safe, controlled exposures to symptom “triggers” or repeated, vivid imaginings of the trauma to help a person face and acquire control of anxiety and discomfort and learn to cope. Virtual reality programmes, for example, have been utilised to assist PTSD patients re-experience the battlefield in a safe and therapeutic way.
5. Group Therapy:- Invites survivors of comparable horrific situations to talk about their feelings and experiences in a safe, non-judgmental environment. Members of the group assist one another in realising that many others would have reacted in the same way and had the same feelings. Because the behaviour and discomfort of the individual with PTSD can influence the entire family, family counselling may be beneficial.Interpersonal, supportive, and psychodynamic treatments, for example, focus on the emotional and interpersonal elements of PTSD. These might be beneficial for those who don’t want to be reminded of their experiences.
6. Other treatments including complementary and alternative therapies:- Are also becoming more widely utilised to assist persons suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These methods of treatment are used outside of traditional mental health clinics and may involve less talking and disclosure than psychotherapy. Acupuncture and animal-assisted therapy are two examples.

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I think computer viruses should count as life. I think it says something about human nature that the only form of life we have created so far is purely destructive. We’ve created life in our own image.

Stephen Hawking

Cyber Security the word itself defines it. Security means providing protection or defending something from attackers while cyber means crime that involves computers, mobile phones or other digital things. Hence the proper definition of the word Cyber Security is defending computers, mobile devices or other devices from malicious data. It is also known as electronic information security. As we are advancing day by day the technology too gets advanced and somewhere it creates the small tiny loopholes which hackers find easily and they get into your data. Then the hackers start blackmailing for ransom and start  threatening about leaking personal photos or files in public so to stop this wrong deed cyber security helps one.

Cyber Threat:-

More than 7.9 billion records have been exposed by data breaches in the first nine months of 2019 alone. This figure is more than double (112%) the number of records exposed in the same period in 2018. Medical services, retailers and public entities experienced the most breaches, with malicious criminals responsible for most incidents. Some sectors are more appealing to cybercriminals because they collect financial and medical data. The International Data Corporation predicts that worldwide spending on cyber-security solutions will reach a massive $133.7 billion by 2022. Governments across the globe have responded to the rising cyber threat with guidance to help organizations implement effective cyber security practices. In Australia, TheAustralian Cyber Security Centre regularly publishes guidance on how organizations can counter the latest cyber threats.

Malware:-

Malware is one of the common cyber threats. Malware word means malicious software. The software which might destroy one’s computer. It is formed by either hackers or cybercriminals for the purpose of damage. It can enter in one’s computer by many ways which include sharing files from one pc to other, through emails, through apps downloaded from unsecured websites. Different types of malware includes:-

1. Virus:- A programme that attaches itself to a clean file and spreads throughout a computer system, infecting files with malicious code.
2. Spyware:-A programme that secretly records what a user does in order for cybercriminals to profit from it. Spyware, for example, could record credit card information.
3. Adware:-Advertising software which can be used to spread malware. 
4. Ransomware:-Malware that encrypts a user’s files and data and threatens to delete it unless a ransom is paid.
5. Trojans:-A type of malware that masquerades as genuine software. Users are duped into downloading Trojans onto their computers, which then cause damage or collect data.

To stop this cyber threats here are some solutions which may help ones:-

1. CHECK IF YOU’VE ALREADY BEEN INVOLVED IN A DATA BREACH

  Change those passwords for any accounts that it suggests may have been compromised.

2. CHECK THE STRENGTH OF YOUR PASSWORDS

 (use something similar to your original password to test its strength).

When choosing a password, remember: the longer it is, the stronger it is. A strong password is at least 12 characters long and hard to guess.

Using a sentence is a great way to create a long password that you’ll never forget.

3. AVOID THESE PASSWORDS

The following passwords are considered the most common and easiest to crack – so if you’ve got any of these or similar variations, you should seriously consider changing them – quickly!

• 123456 (or any chronologically-ordered numbers)
• 987654321
• 123123
• QWERTY
• 111111
• password

WHICH GENERATION IS MOST GUILTY OF USING INEFFECTIVE PASSWORDS?

4. TRUST NO ONE (ON EMAILS)

This may sound a bit extreme – but always be on the lookout for deceitful emails and compromised web pages (spam and phishing). Interacting with these puts your information at risk and can download viruses. Remember:

• don’t open email from unknown email addresses.
• trash attachments in unexpected emails.
• avoid risky clicks – instead type the address into your browser.

5. SECURE YOUR DEVICE

If your mobile device is unsecured, lost or stolen, it could be used to access your info, your money or steal your identity and irreplaceable data like photos or messages. Secure your devices by:

a) Installing anti-virus software.

      b)  Setting a password, gesture or fingerprint that must be entered to unlock.

c) Setting the device to require a password before applications are installed.

d) Leaving Bluetooth hidden when not in use and disabling automatic connection to    networks.

e) Enabling remote locking and/or wiping functions, if your device supports them.

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Hackers:-

A hacker is an individual who uses computers, networking or other skills to overcome a technical problem. The term also refers to those who use their abilities to commit crimes in order to gain access to systems or networks for illegal purposes. A hacker may steal information to hurt people via identity theft. The term hacker was first used in the 1960s to describe a programmer who could increase efficiency by removing excess machine code instructions from a program. It has evolved over the years to refer to someone with an advanced understanding of computers, networking, programming or hardware. The term is also commonly applied to individuals who use this skill for illegal or unethical purposes.

There are different type of Hackers according to their work:-

1) Ethical Hackers:- Previously known as white hat hackers, these individuals try to act in the public’s best interests rather than wreaking havoc. Many ethical hackers who operate in the field of pen testing were recruited to break into the company’s networks in order to identify and disclose security flaws. The security businesses then assist their customers in resolving security vulnerabilities before they are exploited by criminal hackers.

2) Threat Hackers:- Previously known as black hat hackers, these intentionally gain unauthorized access to networks and systems with malicious intent. Threat actors are criminals by definition because they violate laws against accessing systems without authorization. They may also engage in other illegal activity, including corporate espionage, identity theft and DDoS attacks.

3)Grey hat hackers:- The gray hat hackers are more likely than ethical hackers to access systems without authorization. They may offer to fix vulnerabilities they have discovered through their own unauthorized activities, rather than exploit them for illegal profit. The group’s motives may be similar to those of ethical hackers and threat actors.

4)Red hat hackers:- Similar to ethical hackers, they are sometimes known as eagle-eyed or vigilante hackers. Red hat hackers want to deter threat actors from launching unethical assaults. While red hat hackers may have the same goal as ethical hackers, their methods differ in that red hat hackers may employ illegal or extreme methods. Red hat hackers frequently use cyber assaults against threat actors’ systems.

5)Blue hat hackers:- Hackers that use hacking as a social weapon are known as spiteful hackers. It is frequently employed as a form of retaliation against a person, employer, or other entity. Blue hat hackers post personal and sensitive info online to harm people’s reputations or try to obtain illegal access to email and social media accounts.

6)Red hat hackers:- Script kiddies are unskilled or amateur hackers who attempt to hack using pre-written scripts. Often, these are inexperienced hackers that inflict minimal harm.

At last I would say that ”Be Active and don’t hesitate to ask for help from Cyberwarrior.”

Games consist of three types I would say : Indoor games, Outdoor games and the third one which is Virtual games. The outdoor one is my favourite which consists of physical movements. These games consist of Cricket, Football, Badminton, Volleyball and various games. In these games one has to do movements like running, jumping etc. These games make one healthy and helps to keep the body fit and fine. Indoor games consist of chess, carrom, darts, board games which makes the mind relax and refresh from daily hectic routine. These are the games played with family ones. Virtual games consist of playing games on mobile devices, pc’s, laptop, virtual box, play stations and emulators. These are the latest games and devices which are invented. As day by day technology is developing these games are also being developed. First computer games were introduced then slowly slowly mobile games, play stations, virtual box etc.

As early as 1950, computer scientists were using electronic machines to construct relatively simple game systems, such as Bertie the Brain in 1950 to play tic tac toe, or Nimrod in 1951 for playing Nim. These systems used either electronic light displays and mainly as demonstration systems at large exhibitions to showcase the power of computers at the time. Spacewar! is considered one of the first recognized video games. Developed in 1961 for the PDP-1 mainframe computer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) by a group of students there, it allowed two players to simulate a space combat fight on the PDP-1’s relatively simplistic monitor. The game’s source code was shared with other institutions with a PDP-1 across the country as the MIT students themselves moved about, allowing the game to gain popularity.

Video game replacing Outdoor games

Earlier years children playing outdoors were in large numbers. They all were in fit and fine conditions. As the years passed children gradually got addicted to video games rather than outdoor games. They find playing these games sitting in one place for hours interesting. Back in the year parents used to scold children to play less outdoors and stay indoors but as the time changed the words were also changed now parents scold children to go and play outside. I admit the fact that playing video games is also entertaining but still a certain amount of limit. These all limits are crossed now by these younger generations. No doubt this generation of children are smarter than older ones in technology, but they are not strong enough to face the real world physically. For them doing online work is easy but not physical work like helping their mother by doing daily chores. 

Problems of video games

As said earlier everything changes as the technology is advanced. Children nowadays may face many health and mental related problems due to video games. To play video one has to look at the screen continuously which might damage their eyes. Nowadays there are headphones available which are also gaming accessories. Children put on headphones and play games at full volume which may cause eardrum damage and can cause to deaf.

Once the game is started it is hard to make yourself away from it so one sits for longer hours a day in one position which might damage the spinal cord and body starts aching. The headache is also one of the problems caused by continuous staring at the screen of devices.

One of the popular types of video games is action games that consist of shooting and fighting. These games are popular from small children to teenagers. Continuous playing of these action games affects  mentally. The mindset of children has changed from calm to violence. They don’t even listen to their parents and will talk to them rudely. This is the situation in today’s generation.

Online gaming

Playing online is one of today’s trends. Many people play online games with friends and relatives. Children of smaller ages are too addicted to these games. These online games have business strategies to make money. They would firstly make you play the game for free but they will show new features or guns or characters which are paid which make the children think about buying it. This addiction of playing paid games is so strong that the children are ready to fight their parents if they won’t allow them to buy it.  One of the recent case studies is that the gaming addict boy from Punjab who secretly spent Rs 16 lakh of his parents’ money on the battle royale mobile game PlayerUnknown’s Battleground or PUBG is being made to work at a scooter repair shop.While gamers have been known to go to great lengths to prove their love for PUBG, the teen gaming addict from Punjab’s Kharar took the craze for the mobile game to another level after he spent Rs 16 lakhs from his father’s account to buy virtual ammunition in the game. The 17-year-old would take his father’s mobile phone on the pretext of online classes, but would access his father’s bank accounts to make in-app purchases for him and his friends.

At last I would say that “everything has its own limit so please do everything in limit and not to do anything wrong that would hurt others”.