Critical Analysis of Small pain in my Chest

SMALL PAIN IN MY CHEST

BY MICHAEL MACK

SUMMARY:

The poem records a dying soldier asking for aid from the narrator. He is injured and about to meet the horn of death. He finds himself lucky as his injury is not severe as he is alive in comparison to those who met their death already, yet doesn’t deserve this fate only for fulfilling the ill-desires of some warmongers.

The young soldier was smiling at his best to hide his pain and asked for the narrator’s aid.The narrator saw a number of soldiers lying dead, who had fought a long and difficult battle throughout the night and had died in the battle.

The narrator finds a large reddish-brown stain of blood on the soldier’s shirt which is a mixture of his blood and the local Asian dirt. The soldier then describes his experience of the battle which took place at night, that he along with a troop of two hundred soldiers was climbing a hill and as they reached the top, there was an explosion and then he felt this small pain in his chest. The soldier then feels bad and tells the narrator that though he is an enthusiastic and big man, he was defeated and left with a small pain in his chest. It seemed that the soldier was injured in the explosion and the pain was of the injury that he went through, and was hiding the pain with his subtle yet brave smile. Finally,the soldier succumbs to the fatal pain, the world closed in on him.The narrator had put his arms around the dead soldier and as he pulled him towards himself, he could feel their wounds pressed against each other- the large one in the narrator’s heart due to the deep agony he was in after watching a soldier die for his country, against the small one in the soldier’s chest.

SETTING:

This poem is based on the prolonged struggle of the Vietnam War between 1955 and 1975. The word ‘HERE’ is written in capital letters to indicate the battlefield, which is of no use to humanity.

THEME:

“Small Pain in My Chest” is another addition to the ‘Anti-war’ poem group. This poem joins the crusade against the uselessness and negativity of war.

Irony: The title of the poem Small Pain in My Chest is used ironically. The expression “small pain” is repeatedly used in the poem only to make sure we get the irony. The pain was not at all a small one, rather it was a fatal injury that the soldier boy succumbed to. But, the poet is hinting that the injury of the soldier boy was small compared to the destruction war can cause.

The narrator felt extremely sad at the futility of war which takes away so many great young lives. He saw the soldier boy, helped him respond to his call, talked to him, felt his concerns and saw him yield to the injury. So he can’t, but feel the evils of war at heart, which overwhelmed him to an extent that his pain seemed greater than the physical pain of the soldier boy.

The pity of war is felt all over the poem. War cannot bring merriment; it always has a sad ending. The real pity is aroused when the soldier boy expresses his concern regarding what his mother and wife, who immensely depend on him, would think if they saw him in such helpless condition.War doesn’t have any productive potential; it only destroys. The soldier wouldn’t mind even dying for a noble cause, but to be sitting here without a good reason seems silly to him.

Theme of sacrifice: The soldier boy has been used as an idol of Sacrifice to portray the sacrifice made by the soldiers while fighting for their country which comes out of a sense of duty and bravery without having any grudge against anyone on the opposite side of the battle.He says:

We fought all day and fought all night with scarcely any rest –

I kept firing at them, sir. I tried to do my best,

But we see he has no complaints against anyone, not even any demand. He fought bravely and tried to do his best just from his sense of giving service for his motherland. We see him covering up his fatal pain with a subtle smile that only imparts strength to think of it as a “small” pain.

War takes away those lives for a wrong reason. All those lives are lost and spoiled. It’s a sacrifice more of a nation than for a nation. The love and spirit of sacrifice the soldier has within himself for his country does not consider his injury as fatal but just a small pain in his chest. He showed his bravery till which gives us the emotions of the poet on the sacrifice made by the soldier boy who died happily even after making such a huge sacrifice out of the sense of duty and responsibility.

TONE:

We find ‘Small Pain in My Chest’ to reflect strong condemnation against the war. This poem through the conversation between the two soldiers reflects that war brings pain, separation, agony, hatred and above all loss of all innocent lives.The death of the young soldier hints that warmongers do go in the battlefield and fight rather guileless young soldiers are sent to kill and to be killed. War does not bring any solution, it kills humans and humanity. Nothing influences a soldier on the battlefield than the fear of being killed and the task of killing the enemy.They have no space for emotion, feelings, sympathy or leisure. Food, rest, recreation etc. become baffling to them

STRUCTURE/STYLE/LANGUAGE:

“Small pain in my chest” is a ballad with a refrain. The poem has a musical tenet. The whole poem is of 36 lines and divided into nine four-line stanzas.It maintains the rhyme scheme of aa bb. It comprises stanzas that can be sung to musical instruments. We find the use of alliteration, inversion, enjambment, imagery, and refrain in the poem.

A Refrain is a repeated line or number of lines in a poem or in a song that comes typically at the end of each verse, which generally carries the main message of the poem. Here the refrain hints at the horrors of war, pain and suffering of a soldier in the war.

POETIC DEVICES:

Alliteration

Alliteration is repetition of consonant sounds in the beginning of nearby words.

What would my Wife be thinking…

Refrain

The poet has repeated the expression ‘a small pain in my chest’ at the end of each stanza beginning from the second one.

Symbolism

Can it be getting dark so soon?…

I thought that the day had just begun.

These two lines are symbolic. Here, ‘getting dark’ signifies the approaching death of the young soldier. ‘The day’ indicates his life which he thought had just begun.

The ill-fated soldier boy can no longer withstand the fatal wound and the great pain. He is nearing his death. ‘The day’ here symbolises the life of the soldier, which had just begun, and he had a long future ahead. He could not believe that it was ending so soon.

Euphemism

This is the use of good-sounding indirect words to substitute harsh and unpleasant ones.

They’re all gone while I feel this…

In the above example, ‘gone’ is used to mean ‘dead’ to make it sound milder.

Transferred Epithet

The night exploded and …

Here, the night didn’t really explode, rather the bombs that exploded at night.

Hyperbole

It is an exaggerated statement, generally to make an emphasis.

…the brightest that I’ve seen.

The speaker has described the soldier’s smile as the brightest smile he has ever seen. Clearly this is an exaggeration.

Critical Analysis of Daffodils

DAFFODILS

by William Wordsworth

I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o’er vales and hills,

When all at once I saw a crowd,

A host, of golden daffodils;

Beside the lake, beneath the trees,

Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars that shine

And twinkle on the milky way,

They stretched in never-ending line

Along the margin of a bay:

Ten thousand saw I at a glance,

Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced; but they

Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:

A poet could not but be gay,

In such a jocund company:

I gazed—and gazed—but little thought

What wealth the show to me had brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lie

In vacant or in pensive mood,

They flash upon that inward eye

Which is the bliss of solitude;

And then my heart with pleasure fills,

And dances with the daffodils.

SUMMARY:

The speaker was walking aimlessly down the hills and valley when he stumbled upon a beautiful field of daffodils which sparked up his creative spirit. He is transfixed by the daffodils seemingly waving, fluttering, and dancing along the waterside. Albeit, the lake’s waves moved as fervently but the beauty of daffodils outdid with flying colors. The poet feels immensely gleeful and chirpy at this mesmerizing naturalistic sight. He remains transfixed at those daffodils wavering with full vigor, oblivious to the fact that this wondrous scenery brings the poet immense blithe and joy when he’s in a tense mood or perplexed. His heart breathes a new life and gives him exponential happiness at a sight worth a thousand words.The flowers were a “jocund company” to him that he could not find in humans. Their silent presence told more than the words of humans could convey to him. They had a purity that made the poet spellbound, and celebrated the beauty of nature along with the bliss of solitude, which he deems as an asset that inspires him to live a meaningful life.

STRUCTURE/FORM:

The poem is composed of four stanzas, six lines each. It is an adherent to the A-B-A-B-C-C (quatrain couplet rhyme scheme) as it uses consistent rhyming to invoke nature at each stanza’s end. Consonance and alliteration are used to create rhymes.

This poem is written from the first person point of view, therefore it is an ideal example of a lyric poem.

POETIC DEVICES and LITERARY TOOLS:

Similes are used since the poet alludes himself to an aimless cloud, as he takes a casual stroll.The poet metaphorically compares him to a cloud for describing his thoughtless mental state on that day. The daffodils are compared to star clusters in the Milky Way to explicate the magnitude of daffodils fluttering freely beside the lake.

Hyperbole is used to explain the immensity of the situation. By “ten thousand”, he meant a collection of daffodils were fluttering in the air. It’s just a wild estimation at best as he supposes ten thousand daffodils at a glance.

The poet makes an allusion to the Milky Way, our galaxy filled with its own planetary solar systems stretched beyond infinity. Along the Milky Way’s premises lie countless stars which the poet alludes to daffodils fluttering beside the lake.

The daffodils are even made anthropomorphous in order to create a human portrayal of Mother Nature in this instance.

He has also used personification, equating humans to clouds, and daffodils to humans with constant movement. He personifies the daffodils, dancing, a trait relatable to humans. The term “sprightly” comes from sprite which is primarily dandy little spirits, people deemed existed in such times. They are akin to fairies.

THEMES:

Symbolism: The poem begins with a symbolic reference to the cloud, wandering aimlessly and lonely. The poetic persona is the embodiment of such a cloud.Although the clouds mostly travel in groups, this cloud prefers singular hovering. Hence, it symbolises being lonely and thoughtless, free from mundane thoughts. The daffodils act as a symbol of rejuvenation and pure joy. In his pensive mood, they become a means for the poet’s self-reflection, through which the flowers express their vibrance.

The “inward eye” is a reference to the mind’s eyes. When one shuts his physical eyes, it unleashes those eyes. Wordsworth compares the daffodils to the “bliss” of his solitary moments.

According to him, the memory associated with the daffodils fills his heart with pleasure, making his heart leap up once again like a child. Blissful memories are so gripping that they stick with a person throughout his or her life.

Imagery: The image of the cloud describes the poet’s mental state, and the images that appear thereafter vividly portray the flowers. These images are visual and some have auditory effects (Example, “Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.”) The waves are sparkling due to the sunlight. This image is contrasted with the dance of daffodils.

The space continuum holds great mystery for our Romantic Era poet as he envisions the daffodils to be in a constant state of wonder as are the stars beyond the reach of humans.

TONE and MOOD:

The tone of this poem is emotive, hyperbolic, expressive, and thoughtful. Using this clever tactic of personification, the poet brings people closer to nature, becoming a hallmark of William Wordsworth’s most basic yet effective methods for leading the readers to appreciate nature’s pristine glory. Throughout, the poet maintains a calm and joyous mood. This poem is famous for its simplicity, sing-song-like rhythm, and thematic beauty.

INCREASING OF DIVORCE CASES

Meetali soni
WHAT IS DIVORCE ?

Divorce simply means the end of a marriage relationship between two person. It sounds simply , but it’s not easy for a husband and wife to decide to end a marriage. They spend a long time together and try to slove their problems, but they not successed and then they have to take the decision of divorce . Divorce is harder for everyone.

The marriage is a sacrament for every Hindu. The only way to end the marriage or the relationship of husband and wife is the death of the one spouse. It is a process by which two people understand to each other and make their relationship official and permanent until the death. Marriage is the joining of connecting two people in a soulful bond that is going lasts until the last breath. But in now a day’s marriage is a practice is often cut short by the divorce and separation. In every marriage there are some conflicts are grow. Every marriages brings challenges but it is dependent on the how to tackal this ( the husband and wife), or manage the conflict and save their relation. In past some decades, Divorce rate has started increasing rapidly. There are many reasons of increasing divorce rate. Divorce is happened by the mutual consent of husband and wife and also happened through other theories
In some cases husband and wife wants to take divorce because the marriage was done forcefully or against their wishes by their parents. Our present generation is fun loving generation. They don’t know the meaning of love, relationship. They making fun of everything in fact marriage is also fun for them. The present generation has to understand the marriage is a sacrament. It is a relationship between two souls.

REASON OF INCREASING DIVORCE RATE :-
Marriage against the consent of man or woman
Conflict between husband-wife
Physical and mental abuse
Drugs or alcohol addiction
Misunderstanding between the couple
Aggressive behaviour of the spouse
Demand of the dowry
Insulting the wife in front of his family and friends.
Conflict between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law
Lack of communication between the spouse
Forced marriage
Issues in joint family
Women becoming financially independent

CONCLUSION :-
In marriage many conflicts are take place but divorce is not the one and only solution to resolve the conflict. In India the divorce rate is not too much high as compared to other nation. In our country, people still believes that marriages are the bond of two souls. Some relationships need time, understanding and patience from the partners. Due to statistics half of the marriages will end in divorce. And if children are involved, they are suffering most. Both husband and wife have responsibilities to build marriage and provide a stable environment for their children. In my opnion that husband and wife just have to calm down in every fight and in every situations. This is a weapon to shoot divorce which is come in your mind. For avoiding divorce the couples should understand what the biggest issues in their marriage.
Thanks for reading……

The Threat To Your Privacy!

Would you like if anyone secretly hacks your phone Or keeps a watch on you via your smartphones. If they see all your personal data, messages, pictures etc. Basically, if you’re spied on!? No right. But what if it’s your own government or some agency doing it for them, while you are absolutely unaware about it. It’s possible. Let me tell you how.

As per the information of En. M. Wikipedia. Org Pegasus is a spyware developed by the Israeli cyberarms firm NSO Group that can be covertly installed on mobile phones (and other devices) running most versions of iOS and Android. The 2021 Project Pegasus revelations suggest that the current Pegasus software can exploit all recent iOS versions up to iOS 14.6. As of 2016, Pegasus was capable of reading text messages, tracking calls, collecting passwords, location tracking, accessing the target device’s microphone and camera, and harvesting information from apps. The spyware is named after the mythical winged horse Pegasus—it is a Trojan horse that can be sent “flying through the air” to infect phones. NSO Group has published sections of contracts which require customers to use its products only for criminal and national security investigations and has stated that it has an industry-leading approach to human rights. Rather than being a specific exploit, Pegasus is a suite of exploits that uses many vulnerabilities in the system. Infection vectors include clicking links, the Photos app, the Apple Music app, and iMessage. Some of the exploits Pegasus uses are zero-click- attacks that is, they can run without any interaction from the victim. Once installed, Pegasus has been reported to be able to run arbitrary code, extract contacts, call logs, messages, photos, web browsing history, settings,[22] as well as gather information from apps including but not limited to communications apps iMessage, Gmail, Viber, Facebook, WhatsApp, Telegram, and Skype.

HISTORY.

Pegasus was discovered in August 2016 after a failed installation attempt on the iPhone of a human rights activist led to an investigation revealing details about the spyware, its abilities, and the security vulnerabilities it exploited. News of the spyware caused significant media coverage. It was called the “most sophisticated” smartphone attack ever, and marked the first time that a malicious remote exploit using jailbreak to gain unrestricted access to an iPhone had been detected. On August 23, 2020, according to intelligence obtained by the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, NSO Group sold Pegasus spyware software for hundreds of millions of US dollars to the United Arab Emirates and the other Gulf States, for surveillance of anti-regime activists, journalists, and political leaders from rival nations, with encouragement and mediation by the Israeli government. Later, in December 2020, the Al Jazeera investigative show The Tip of the Iceberg, Spy partners, exclusively covered Pegasus and its penetration into the phones of media professionals and activists; and its use by Israel to eavesdrop on both opponents and allies. In late 2019, Facebook initiated a suit against NSO, claiming that Pegasus had been used to intercept the WhatsApp communications of a number of activists, journalists, and bureaucrats in India, leading to accusations that the Indian government was involved.

THE CURRENT AFFAIRS

A leak of a list of over 50,000 phone numbers believed to have been identified as those of people of interest by clients of NSO since 2016 became available to Paris-based media nonprofit organisation Forbidden Stories and Amnesty International. They shared the information with seventeen news media organisations in what has been called “Project Pegasus”, and a months-long investigation was carried out, which reported from mid-July 2021. A total of 300 Phone numbers including that of Indian ministers, opposition leaders, ex-election commissioners and journalists were allegedly found on a database of NSO hacking targets by Project Pegasus in mid July. Independent digital forensic analysis conducted on 10 Indian phones whose numbers were present in the data showed signs of either an attempted or successful Pegasus hack. The results of the forensic analysis threw up shows sequential correlations between the time and date a phone number is entered in the list and the beginning of surveillance. The gap usually ranges between a few minutes and a couple of hours. 11 phone numbers associated with a female employee of the Supreme Court of India and her immediate family, who accused the former Chief Justice of India, Ranjan Gogoi, of sexual harrasment, are also allegedly found on a database indicating possibility of their phones being snooped. However, the crucial investigations are still being carried forward by officials.

The Art of Conversation

Among other things, what distinguishes man from other animals is speech and language. The very fact of being man signifies speech and conversation. Conversation as a tool and vehicle of expression of ideas, emotions and experience is of great importance. It lessens pain and suffering, multiplies joy, enjoyment and exaltation and enriches experience. Man can best reveal his mind, intentions, ideas, purpose and personality through words of the mouth or talk. A man is known by his words and talk. A talk reveals a man’s inner being, his thoughts and emotions. A conversation also means participation, cooperation and interaction. This is the best means of communication and expression and also the oldest and the richest. Our oldest and most cherished religious and spiritual works were originally in the form of oral communication, conversation and dialogues. Conversation is essential for success, social interaction, business, learning and education. In a broader and general sense conversation is very comprehensive and includes a talk, lecture and public speech. A lecture or talk may be termed as an extension of conversation. In a conversation a talk is confined to two-three persons but in a speech or lecture it extends to many persons forming a large audience. Moreover, a speech is more or less a one way traffic. While conversation implies intimacy, informality, equal participation, warmth etc. A good and enjoyable conversation is an art in which both heart and mind are involved in an intimate way. It is polite, sweet, intelligent, enjoyable and close.

The art of conversation is essential for influencing people, making friends and achieving success. It can be cultivated and developed. It is a great boon which can be possessed by training, practice, patience and perseverance. One who acquires this art, his labours are fully rewarded. He is welcomed wherever he goes. People like his company and he can become a leader among equals. He will be acceptable and his reputation will acquire wings.

A good conversation is always interesting, polite, warm, relaxed natural, spontaneous, rhythmic and comfortable. A good talker and conversationalist can take his message across successfully, convince the other party and leave long lasting impression. To possess this art one has to be self confident. Self confidence carries conviction, acceptability and popularity. Success in conversation arises from confidence. To attain self confidence read as much as possible, acquire knowledge and then practice talking about it with your friends, neighbours, parents and groups of people around you. Life is full of opportunities to develop this skill. Get yourself involved in others and then get them involved in your sweet, polite, meaningful and relevant talk. There is nothing like practice. Practice makes a man perfect. Any topic is good enough to converse and practice. Make your talk interesting, informative and relevant. Attend lectures, talks and addresses of well known speakers. It will give you a lot of experience, confidence and material to talk about. Be positive, hopeful and always think of the best.

The more you talk with various people, the more you possess knowledge, experience and confidence. Exchange of ideas, experience, emotions, opinions and concepts is likely to prove a great asset in your life and career. Your conversation even with a poor shoemaker , bus conductor, illiterate farmer or an uneducated house helper would not go waste. But talk with a purpose, be conscious of your aim and object and never lose sight of what you want to achieve. Nothing should be half hearted and half bake. Never monopolise the conversation and allow others to speak. Never dictate terms but be friendly, funny, considerate, liberal and polite

Books to read once.

It’s been said that we are what we read, our thoughts are made at what we are surrounded with , so are some books which are to be read once:

To kill a mocking bird by Harper lee
1984 by George Orwell
The great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald
The diary of a young girl, by Anne Frank
The Book Thief, by Markus Zusak
The Hobbit, by J.R.R Tolkien
Jane Eyre , by Charlotte Bronte
Gone with wind , by Margaret Mitchell
Charlotte’s Web, by E.B White
The Kite Runner ,by Khaled Hosseini

Magnificent Mary

Born in the Khangati Village of Manipur,where very girl only wished for marriage, Mary Kom dared to dream. It is her dream that keeps her still going. Nicknamed as Magnificent Mary, Mary Kom was born on 24th November 1982

As a kid Mary Kom was always interested in all kind of sports. She played football , volleyball and athletics. She was very fond of marathon and volleyball. But when Dingko Singh, a fellow Manipuri returned with a gold medal from 1998 Bangkok Asian Games, Mary kom took inspiration from him. She was so enthralled that she decided to learn boxing.

At the age of 15, she left her hometown to study at Sports Academy in the state capital , Imphal. After that she won the state level boxing championship. She hid her love for boxing from her father. Her father never supported her for boxing as he was afraid that she might hurt her face and would not find a man to marry. When her father show the picture of Mary Kom on newspaper in 2000 after her win, he was furious. It was only after 3 years later, that he grew to accept Mary Kom’s love for boxing.

Today, Mary Kom is the only female to win the World Amateur Boxing Championship for six times. She is also the only boxer ( male or female) with eight World Championship. She has many titles in her name and has also been ranked no. 1 female light – flyweight by International Boxing Association. She also represented India in Olympics in 2012 and bagged a bronze home . Her list of achievements goes on and on.

Mary Kom was married in 2005 and has 3 children. She is currently representing India in Tokyo Olympics 2020. Many Indian women after being married leave all the dreams behind, but Mary was never one of those. She is inspiration for many, especially women. She is the definition of “Will Power”.

Fruits Which Will Cost Your Fortune

I have already written about expensive fruits before ( Here is the link — https://wordpress.com/post/eduindex.org/55706 .Please check it also .) but that was not enough . Apart from Buddha Shaped Pear ,Sembikiya Queen strawberries ,Square watermelons ,Sekai-ichi Apple ,Yubari melon ,Taiyo – No – Tamago Mango , there are some more fruits in the world which can be proudly placed in the list of expensive .Let’s talk about them .

1) Ruby Red Grapes or Ruby Roman : This comes under the species Vitis vinifera .Its color is beautiful ruby red that’s why it is called ruby red grapes .Every grape is as big as a ping pong ball & perfectly round in shape .These types of grapes are very juicy & sweet in taste .You can only able to buy it from Ishikawa Prefecture in Japan as it is grown & cultivated in this place . These grapes first appeared in 2008 in Japan . According to a 2019 report , One bunch of a ruby roman costs almost 750000 rupees & one grape costs almost 35000 rupees in Indian currency . The reason for this high price value is the low amount of production of these grapes as only 2400 bunches are harvested per year .

2) Heligan Pineapple or British Pineapple : Pineapples usually grow in warm weather but the cold weather of Europe, especially the United Kingdom is not very suitable . But these heligan pineapples are exclusively cultivated only in a Victorian garden, The Lost Gardens of Heligan which has existed from the 18th century & situated in Cornwall in UK .This pineapples are grown in utmost care & in special condition .They cost more than $ 1500 or 100000 rupees . Still now the highest price of heligan pineapple is $ 16000 .

Heligan Pineapple cultivation in Lost Gardens of Heligan

3) Dekopon Orange : Dekopon orange is a hybrid citrus fruit of two citrus species Kiyomi & Ponkan .It was first developed in 1972 in Japan .It is a seedless orange with sweet juicy flesh .It is considered as one of the best & expensive citrus fruit & only sold in Japan . The price of a dekopon orange is $ 80 or 6000 rupees per pack which contains only 6 oranges .

4) Densuke Watermelon : It is one of the most costly watermelons in the world .This watermelon is perfectly round shaped with spotless deep green outer surface .The edible red flesh of this watermelon are much sweeter & juicier than other watermelons .Each piece of watermelon is weight of 11 kg or more than 11 kg . Densuke watermelon are only farmers in the Hokkaido island in Japan & only can be brought from Sembikiya Flagship store situated in Tokyo , Japan . Only 10000 number of densuke watermelons are produced per year .It costs almost $ 6000 or 4.4 lakh in Indian currency .

5) Black Diamond Apple : These apples have a very unique color .The outer shell is of the deep blackish red or purple color ,very different from any other types of apple. They are much sweeter & flavorful than the rest of the apples .It is a scarce breed ,which belongs to the Huaniu apple species . These apples are only produced in Nyingchi provinces in Tibet .It is believed that this unique color is due to the cultivation in high altitude (3500 m or above ) & ultraviolet ray .This apples are not available in Indian market for its low lifetime . It cost almost $ 7 or 500 rupees per piece .

JHANSI RANI LAXMIBAI

Jhansi ki rani ,the one who fought bravely against the rule of British inspired many women all over the world with her bravery and courage .Her father Monopanth Thambe raised her like a warrior. Even though she was born in a Brahmin family, she can fight like a kshatriya since her childhood. she started to think against slavery from the childhood itself .she always wanted to end the rule of British.

She was born on 19 November 1828 in Varanasi . From childhood she was educated at home ,able to read and write , very independent than others of her age .When she was married to Maharaja Gangadar Rao Newalkar ,she got renamed from Manikarnika to Lakshmi Bai .she helped a lot to her husband to defend the Jhansi from the influence of British. she is the best women warrior i have ever heard . Her thoughts makes every Indian women to stand for themselves and other people who are in need.

she gave birth to a boy child in 1851 and named him as Damodar Rao .He was dead due to the backsliders .Later they adopted a boy named Anand Rao and then renamed as Damodar Rao on the day before the maharaja died . Generally, after the death of husband wife needs to shave her head as a ritual . But ,Manikarnika refused to shave her head and decided to take place of her husband to protect the people of her kingdom to not let the name of her husband down. she wanted to end the attrocities of Britishers .She also encouraged many women to become soldiers and trained them to fight .

she asked many villagers to help help her in the fight to take the rule of british over them. she even strenghtened her people with her great skillful ambition. she didn’t hesitate to take her child to the war .she tied her son to her back and fought war like a legend . she never showed her back eventhough they have less weapons and soilders than their opponents. Throughout the life she never headed down and maintained her dignity . she also died like a legend in her young age of 30.

whatever her fault in British eyes may have been ,her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment into rebellion ,and that she lived and died for her country ,we cannot forget her contribution for India. _ COLONEL MALLESON

Hobbies

Hobbies are the activities that we do in our spare time. Hobbies are unique to people. Some like gardening, a few like photography, many have book reading as their hobby. While other hobbies are swimming, collecting stamps, playing video games, and many more. People have hobbies not only to pass their free time but also to do something useful . Hobbies help people learn new things, relax after a day of tiring work and to energise their body and mind.

“Whatever you like to do, make it a hobby”.

Writing

Writing is a unique hobby because most people don’t want to exhaust themselves in their spare time. Many feel that writing is tough, but I do not think so. I feel writing is like painting our voice. When I get free time, I pick a pen and a notebook and start painting my ideas in words. I write stories , poems and sometimes, about my feelings. My mind relaxes when I pour my thoughts as words. So, writing energises me. When I write things, my imagination is at its best. I imagine a world with magic and magicians, where I can fly, and birds can talk. Writing helps me completely immerse myself into that world! Sometimes, I sit with small children and entertain them with these stories of mine. The happiness of their faces makes me to write more and better. Although writing is just a hobby for me, yet it is very beneficial. It opens my mind to think beyond the little things with a broader mind. It makes me more passionate about my life. It makes me learn new things and enjoy every moment of my life.

‘Writing is easy. All you have to do is cross out the wrong words”.

Uniform Civil Code in India

Introduction

India is a very diverse nation having several different cultures, traditions and religions. This diverse nature of India makes it a vibrant and varied country, where it reconciles different religious and cultural views to form one unified nation. However, this also necessitates the need for personal laws that govern each religion and allow their followers to live according to certain religion-specific laws and regulations. For example, Hindus have the Hindu Marriage Act (1955), Muslims have the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act (1937), Christians have the Indian Christian Marriage Act (1871), etc. The personal laws are aimed at giving each religion a fair opportunity at following their own customs and traditions. However, many instances in Indian history are evidence to the fact that distributing justice on the basis of religion leads to a multitude of communal issues. Moreover, numerous personal laws have been found to be discriminatory in nature and thereby in derogation of the Fundamental Rights as given in the Indian Constitution. Many a times, these personal laws are regressive in nature and represent ancient societal views that show no congruence to the current, progressive Indian society. It is in view of this that the framers of the Indian constitution, and many other prominent figures during the period of drafting, made efforts to implement a ‘Uniform Civil Code’ in the interest of national consolidation and communal harmony.

The Uniform Civil Code

The Uniform Civil Code refers to a single set of rules or a singular code of law that is applicable to all the citizens of India, regardless of their religious affiliations or which community they belong to. Such a code is the hallmark of a contemporary, progressive nation that has ascended the need for segregation based on religion, caste, race, etc. Article 44 of the Indian Constitution states that a ‘Uniform Civil Code’ is to be implemented for the citizens of India. The Article reads: “The State shall endeavour to provide for its citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.” Therefore, the idea of a uniform civil code is enshrined in the Indian constitution and stands as a something that the country should strive for. However, it is included as one of the Directive Principles of State Policy, and not as a Fundamental Right or constitutional guarantee. Hence, despite being mentioned in the constitution, there have been no significant steps taken by India to realise such a code.

Goa is the only state in India to have a fully functioning uniform civil code called the Portuguese Civil Code (1867). This code replaces the personal laws based on religion in Goa, and introduces a common law for all its residents regardless of their religion, caste, gender, etc. For example, according to the code, a Muslim man whose marriage is registered in the State of Goa cannot practice polygamy. Although polygamy is a part and parcel of the Muslim personal law, it is nullified in the State of Goa due to the presence of a UCC. Furthermore, a married couple share equal property and divide their assets equally, and succession rights for men and women are similar in Goa. Thus, Goa acts as a contemporary example as to how a uniform civil code works, and what it involves.

Evaluation of the Uniform Civil Code

It can be said that the uniform civil code is a very polarising concept, and that it can bring about both benefits and adversities. It is important to understand these before a solid decision about it can be made. In case it seems like the benefits outweigh the adversities, then it should be implemented, and vice-versa. These can be discussed as:

Pros

The application of a uniform code will allow for a much more coherent and efficient system of administration, mitigating a lot of the confusion and conflict created due to the existence of numerous personal laws.
A uniform civil code is the hallmark of a secular democracy like India. As mentioned in the Preamble, India is a secular country and does not identify any particular state religion. It is acceptive of all faiths, and gives the freedom to practice and preach any religion its citizens deem suitable for themselves.
A common feature seen among most personal laws is discrimination towards women. This is again a reflection of ancient and obsolete beliefs that have no place in modern society. The uniform civil code, however, is devoid of any such discrimination and promotes equal treatment of both genders.
Possibly the most important pro is that the implementation of a uniform civil code will infuse the Indian legal system to make it one well-oiled machine. As of right now, the segregation of different personal laws implies different practices in different religions.

Cons

Although aiming for communal harmony, the uniform civil code may cause some divisiveness in the Indian society. Communities such Hindus and Muslims have deep-rooted hate against each other, and neither one will be pleased to follow the same code as the other. Hence, the UCC may cause some communal disharmony.
It will be a very lengthy and cumbersome process to come up with a uniform civil code that is equitable and non-discriminatory in nature. Realistically, it will take numerous years and make use of many resources, which might not be the best idea considering the many issues India has to focus on in the current times.
Most importantly, as mentioned before, people in India have deep emotional ties to their religions. The introduction of such a code that trumps their personal laws is not advisable and can lead to antipathy from the citizens of India.

Conclusion

Ultimately, the debate around the uniform civil code does have valid arguments both for and against it. It boils down to whether it is worth sacrificing some diversity for a stable law and order situation in India. I believe that the UCC could be the need of the hour, and could help in building the egalitarian society India is striving for. India’s long history of communal disputes and discrimination can come to an end, or at least be reduced exponentially, and there can be national integration and unity. However, such a uniform code cannot be suddenly implemented with the hope that it will rectify issues. People should be educated and made aware about it, and a gradual approach should be administered in introducing the UCC. This will allow it to be effective and accepted in society. Furthermore, each community’s interests should be taken into consideration. In this way, the secular nature of India will be preserved and it will allow for India to progress and grow.

Language in the age of Chaucer

We see a growth of English national spirit following the victories of Edward and the black prince on French soil during the Hundred Years War. It lead to England separating from the political ties of France, the mutual distrust and jealousy were swept aside momentarily by a wave of patriotic enthusiasm. The French lost its official prestige, and English became the speech not only of the common people but of courts and parliament as well. The literariness of the age clearly reflects the stirring life of the times. Langland voiced the social discontent preaching the equality of men and the dignity of labour, Wycliffe translated the gospel, Gower criticised the vigorous life and feared its consequences. While reading Chaucer we come across obsolete spellings, melody in almost every line, rough verses.

One result of the Norman conquest of 1066 was to place all four English dialects at bay. West Saxons lost its supremacy and the centre of culture and learning gradually shifted from Winchester to London. The old Northumbrian dialect became divided into Scottish and northern, although little is known of either of these divisions before the end of the 13^th century. The old Mexican dialect was split into east and west midland. West Saxon dialect was named the south western dialect and Kentish dialect, south eastern dialect, they went their own way and developed their own characteristics.

This age also so the emergence of the Standard English language. English was previously heavily curbed by the influence of French and Latin. The east midland dialect became the accepted form of standardized English. The language saw great achievement and expression in the masterpieces of Chaucer. French and Latin saw a waning influence on the language of the day. The common examples from daily life account details of blooming gardens in spring to unique human characteristics. The language glorified the themes of beauty, vitality and secular sentiment.

360 Wander Writer

Welcome to the Mythology World

Loong

The Immigrant Dragons, Part IV: Generations United in Bendigo

There are a lots of myths that are persisting between different people in different parts of the world. Once such mythology is the Chinese dragon. This dragon is also known as Loong , Long or Lung. It is regarded as the legendary creature. It takes many animal forms like turtles and fish. It is mostly depicted as a snake with four legs. They symbolize auspicious powers which can stretch its power over nature like water ,rainfall, typhoons, and floods. It symbolizes the power, strength. It also symbolizes good luck for people who are worthy of it to have. The Emperor of china used this dragon to show his imperial strength and power. In Chinese culture, excellent and outstanding people are compared to a dragon, while incapable people with no achievements are compared to other, some small creatures, such as a worm.

Pixiu

It is usually depicted as a winged lion. It is said to be one of the nine children of the Loong . It is regarded as one of the auspicious creatures of Chinese mythology . It is stated that Pixiu stood in front of the gates as a guardian angel. Even in these centuries it is seen in the form of small jade pendants or worn as jewelry for good luck and money luck. It is also stated that it was a ferocious beast during the oldest Chinese period. It is metaphor for powerful army.

Jingwei

Jingwei was the youngest daughter of the Yan Emperor. She was a lively and rebellious girl . She was also a adventure type girl who swam into the Eastern Sea to see the sunrise. But unfortunately she drowned into the sea because of a storm. It is said that she got converted into a crow like bird. In order to avenge her death she flew as a bird every day to the Western Mountains .She carried pebbles and twigs along with her and dropped them into the Eastern sea . It is said that even the even the sea mocked at her for such a point less effort. But she swore to continue the effort of filling out the sea even if takes million and million of years. She is always remembered in the Chinese tale and stands as a example for perseverance .

AN INCIDENT THAT RESTORED MY FAITH IN HUMANITY

Prior to disclosing to you my story , I need to make myself clear that I am not saying that humankind has totally evaporated from our reality. Yet, it is truth that we people have gotten insatiable and egotistical. More often than not we don’t help other people except if we see our benefit. These days, cash has gotten more essential to us than others. I additionally sort of accepted that thing, however after that one incident I came to realize that there are as yet pleasant individuals in world, who will help other people without seeing their benefit.

Save The Humanity – We Care For Everything

So, it was around 10 years prior, I was 7 years old around then. It was the long stretch of February and was recent days I was felling extremely debilitated, it was such a lot of that we chose to visit the doctor. The specialist recommended me a medicines, yet those prescriptions were of high dose which consequently demolish my condition. Scarcely any days after that I understood that I was unable to move my limbs much. My parents got truly stressed and we visit to the specialist once more. I got conceded in the emergency clinic yet my condition didn’t improve, it continued getting decline. Then, at that point two of my Mom’s companions came and encouraged to go to the next clinic which was in other city. We went their and we came to realize that my left half of body got paralyzed.

My folks couldn’t really accept that what they heard, they were stunned. I got conceded in that hospital. Since that emergency clinic was not in our city, we dealt with issues particularly me since I was unable to eat custom made food. Close to my ward there was additionally an old individual conceded. His family used to live in that city just , so they brought him hand crafted quality food and other important things. Be that as it may, one day his family visited my ward and connected with my folks. They felt terrible for me and said to my folks that “You can uninhibitedly get in touch with us on the off chance that you need anything”. Following day, when his family came they brought nourishment for us too. We were so moved by their thoughtful gesture. Also, regardless of being a finished outsider to us. They brought food and other important things for us practically ordinary, even after that grandpa got discharged. Following one and a half month I got released, despite the fact that I was not totally well.

They offered us to live in their home since we may require help. In any case, we declined the offer since we would prefer not to give them more difficulty, since they previously helped us a great deal in this range of one and a half month. We chose to go to our home yet following not many months we went to their home to express gratitude toward them, since we were so moved by their thoughtful gesture. We felt so fortunate to met them. They were really heavenly messengers in human structure. They helped us in our difficult stretches. Besides, they additionally gave us moral help and support my parents. They energized me while I was recovering and they wished me wellbeing and accomplishment before we left.

This thoughtful gesture reestablished my confidence in humankind. It caused me to accept that there are as yet pleasant individuals in our reality. Furthermore, in all honesty we as a whole have encountered such incidents in our life which have made us puts stock in humankind. As a result of such individuals “Humankind” actually exist in our reality.

Humanity Online Assignment Help | Thoughtful Minds

NIKOLA TESLA!!!

Many scientists have left their mark in the field of science. Their hardwork have led us to this development. Yes, if those scientists wern’t think of those different ideas, will you be able to live in this cosy and comfortable world. Think of those days, there were no mobile phones, mixer grinder, car and even current. When we think of this, the fullest credits goes to the scientists who invented this right? If there is no Edison, will there be any current now? If there is no Graham Bell, will there be a telephone? Have you ever thought if you can live without current and mobile phones? The answer would be no. Okay, let me get the point. You know about Edison, Graham Bell, Albert Einstein etc., and you know something about them. I will tell you about a scientist who left his mark in the field of physics. Yes. I’m to talk about our Nikola Tesla. He made many breakthrough in the production, application and transmission of the electric power. The first alternating current motor was invented by him. This made a breakthrough in the field of engineering. Come on! Let’s know something about him.

Nikola Tesla was born on 10th July 1856 in Croatia, America. His father, Milutin Tesla was preist in Eastern Orthodox Church. His mother,Đuka Mandić was very talented and she has the power to memorise Serbian epic poems. The crave for knowledge in Tesla came from his mother. Tesla was the fourth child of the family. He had three sisters and an older brother. His brother died when Tesla was five years old.

Tesla said that his interest in demonstration of electricity came from his physics teacher. He has a talent to calculate integral calculus in his head which prompted his teachers to believe that he was cheating. In 1875, Tesla enrolled at the Imperial Royal Technical College, Gauz, on a Military Frontier scholarship. During his first year, Tesla never missed a lecture, earned the highest grades possible, passed nine exams. He even got the letter of recommendations from his dean. After his father’s death in 1879, Tesla lost his scholarship and addicted to gambling. He never get through the final semester exams and didn’t finish of his degree. To hide fact, he severed the ties with his family and his friends thought that he was dead.

TESLA IN THE FIELD OF ELECTRICITY

In 1884, he reached America with the letter of inrtoduction to work with Thomas Edison, whose DC-based electrical works were fast becoming the standard in the country. Edison hired Tesla and the two worked hard tirelessly on Edion’s inventions. After some months, they two parted their ways due to some issues related to their business.
Tesla discovered, designed and developed ideas for a number of important inventions which were officially patented by other inventors including dynamos and the induction motor. Tesla designed the alternating-current (AC) electrical system, which had become the prominent power system of the 20th century and has remained the worldwide standard ever since.
In 1887, Tesla found funding for his new Tesla Electric Company, and by the end of the year, he had successfully filed several patents for AC-based inventions.
In 1895, Tesla designed what was among the first AC hydroelectric power plants in the United States.
In the 19th century, Tesla patented Tesla coil, which laid the foundation for wireless technologies and is still used in radio technology today. The heart of an electrical circuit, the Tesla coil is an inductor used in many early radio transmission antennas. The coil works with a capacitor to resonate current and voltage from a power source across the circuit.

Tesla died due to Chronic Thrombosis on 7th January 1943. He died in New York where he lived for sixty years. He worked hard to prove himself in the field of electricity. As the result of his hardwork, he was able to leave his marks in the field of elctricity. These are just a few information given by me. If you began to search on him, you can know various interesting facts about him.

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360 Wander Writer

Welcome to the Mythology World

Loong

Pixiu

Jingwei

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TESLA IN THE FIELD OF ELECTRICITY

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