THE POWER OF PERSEVERANCE 2 SUCCESS

 THE POWER OF PERSEVERANCE 2 SUCCESS, the journey to our dreams and great ambition are often mixed with hardships and failures and this where the true test of perseverance unfold. Perseverance is the stubbornness with a great purpose. Perseverance is to persist in anything undertaken, maintain their purpose no matter how much difficulty or obstacles may occur in their path and it is the perseverance and courage which make their difficulties magically disappear.

“THE WILL TO PERSEVERANCE IS OFTEN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FAILURE AND SUCCESS”

Perseverance is the ability to go on when the things seem to be completely hopeless and the continuous effort is the key to unlock our inner potential. To achieve our great dreams there are no shortcuts and no easy way outs. Against all the odds perseverance reminds us of the highest hopes and reminds us the picture of our dreams and provokes us to forge ahead despite setbacks that threaten to undermine all efforts to succeed.

The essence of perseverance is rising every time we fail and finding a strong will to get up more intelligently and wisely even though you know you are knocked down. The goals need hard work to be accomplished and when you work hard even after you are discouraged and tired of doing the same is perseverance. The great scientist Thomas Alva Edison is the true inspiration for perseverance who failed ninety nine times and got up more wisely than before and made it happen in the hundred time so a little more effort and persistence made him achieve what seemed to be impossible.

THE POWER OF PERSEVERANCE 2 SUCCESS IN THE FLOW OF WATER

Perseverance is largely influenced by the flow of water. Water does not stop flowing rather it always keep moving. When you try stopping the flow by putting your hands into it all you feel is the water flowing. So the water beautifully tries us to explain that “if you cant go through the obstacle then go around it.” A person with perseverance and patience never admits his or her defeat as a failure rather they take it as their learning and come up more wisely.

THE POWER OF PERSEVERANCE 2 SUCCESS: HOW TO BE PERSEVERANT?

    1. Be clear with your desires
    2. Be optimistic : do checkout OPTIMISM- THE NEED OF THE HOUR
    3. Believe in yourself
    4. Don’t get easily dragged by misguiders
    5. Listen to your conscience
    6. Learn from your mistakes and never repeat them
    7. Give your health the first priority to keep your mind clear:  do checkout YOGA AND MEDITATION: 2 PILLARS OF HEALTHY LIFE

THE POWER OF PERSEVERANCE 2 SUCCESS: SUCCESS STORIES WITH PERSEVERANCE

  1. JACK MA :   He is the richest man in the entire Asia but this took him a lot of effort and perseverance as he didn’t do overnight . He faced a lot of rejections , each and every step he faced a lot of failures and handful of rejections but the best part was he NEVER GAVE UP.
  2. COLUMBUS:  He is yet another example of perseverance. He struggled a lot to reach his destination and never gave up whenever he had a low motivation . In a long run he discovered the way from Spain to America and surprised the world with a new route of communication with America             
  3. WALT DISNEY: While everyone knows the iconic brand of Disney, the story of how Walt Disney created the empire is very inspiring. At young age Walt Disney was fired from a local newspaper as his boss was not satisfied with his work. After failing in the company he was not able to pay his bills and struggled a lot but he too never gave up and went on to grow the company with amusement parks, feature films, and is known as a cultural icon.

do checkout some more stories of perseverant people: https://www.growthink.com/content/7-entrepreneurs-whose-perseverance-will-inspire-you

Man’s success stories does not depend on his achievements rather the failures which they used as a learning tool and never gave up. The key to success is action and the essential in action is perseverance.

 

Currency: Bitcoin & Other Cryptocurrencies Contrary to Popular Belief

  By exploring the most common myths, the article intends to dispel any confusion that may arise regarding the functionality and potential of cryptocurrencies. It will highlight the benefits of blockchain technology, which underpins these assets, and address any misinformation that may lead to misguided or incorrect conclusions about their use. Click at The official website for extra details.

Ultimately, by clarifying and debunking these myths, the article seeks to encourage the wider adoption and integration of cryptocurrencies into society. With increased understanding and knowledge of these digital assets, individuals and businesses alike can leverage the benefits they offer to improve their financial well-being and security. Get the best of the trading by visiting this like this trading platform.

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Bitcoin is a Ponzi scheme, or so the myth goes.

Bitcoin’s supposed status as a Ponzi scheme is one of the most pervasive urban legends. This falsehood has been demolished again & again by economists & economists. Investment returns in a Ponzi scheme are paid to earlier investors with money contributed by new participants. It’s essential to understand that Bitcoin operates independently of any central authority and uses a secure and transparent blockchain to track and verify transactions. While the value of Bitcoin may fluctuate, it remains a legitimate digital currency with a growing user base and numerous practical applications. 

Illegal transactions are the primary usage of cryptocurrency

One further misconception regarding cryptocurrency is that it is utilized mostly in the black market. However, cryptocurrencies are also used for legitimate transactions, such as voting in elections & tipping servers, despite their history of usage in illegal operations like money laundering & drug purchases on the dark web Bitcoin is accepted by a growing number of reputable companies, & the underlying cryptocurrency technology has the potential to disrupt traditional sectors like banking & healthcare. It’s true that some people utilize cryptocurrencies for criminal purposes, but that’s not the case for everyone.

A common misconception is that Bitcoin’s volatility makes it unsuitable for use as money

The idea that Bitcoin is too unstable to be used as money is another common misconception about it. Although the price of Bitcoin has fluctuated widely in the past, it’s worth has increased significantly overall. Currency volatility is also not always a negative thing. The value of conventional currencies also shifts somewhat in weight from time to time. Especially in nations with high inflation rates & unstable fiat currencies, Bitcoin might be utilized as a currency. Nevertheless, Bitcoin’s underlying technology is still in its infancy, & additional advancement is required to make it a more practical & generally recognized money.

The crypto markets are risky for investors because they are unregulated, goes the common myth

Bitcoin & other cryptocurrencies have a bad reputation for being risky investments because of their lack of oversight. But there is some truth to this that is missing. Many governments have created legal frameworks for digital assets, although cryptocurrencies are not yet subject to complete regulation in all countries. These regulations are part of a larger system designed to combat financial crimes & protect investors from fraud. Moreover, bitcoin investments may provide benefits to investors including enhanced diversification & the potential for large gains.

Cryptocurrencies are not safe & may be easily hacked; this is a myth.

One of the most often circulated misconceptions about cryptocurrency is that it is insecure & can be stolen with little effort. Although there have been hacks into bitcoin exchanges in the past, the underlying technology remains secure. Users must use prudence while dealing with digital assets. Use only reputable exchanges, use two-factor authentication, & use secure wallets to do this.

A common misconception is that the value of cryptocurrency will crash

The fact that the value of cryptocurrencies may fluctuate widely & that there have been big price corrections in the past does not suggest that they are a bubble that will collapse. Blockchain, the technology at the heart of cryptocurrencies, has the potential to disrupt several markets & alter the way we live in the future. The value of cryptocurrency tokens might increase if more individuals & businesses start accepting them as a form of currency & a store of wealth.

Cryptocurrencies are too complicated & difficult to use; this is a myth

Although there is a learning curve & some complexity associated with cryptocurrency, it is not hard to utilize. In other words, it’s user-friendly enough for the ordinary Joe. There are now a plethora of tools accessible to teach individuals how to utilize cryptocurrencies, thanks to the widespread use of cryptocurrency exchanges & wallets that have made these activities simple. Cryptocurrencies will become increasingly accessible to the general public as the technology behind them & the user experience around them continue to advance in tandem with their widespread adoption by companies & people alike.

Conclusively, there are numerous myths & misconceptions about cryptocurrencies, although many of them are based on insufficient information or misunderstandings. The risks connected with cryptocurrencies may be lessened if more people knew about its potential benefits & how they were already being used. Growth & innovation in this promising new area are expected to continue as more people get familiar with & start using cryptocurrencies.

Top Reasons to hoard bitcoins right now

  As per bitcoin’s history in the past years, it provided a 59% return in the year of 2020, a 60% return in the year of 2021, and then in 2022, there was a decline of 67%. Still, a question occurs in the crypto investors’ minds the bitcoin worth it to hoard or not? Learn more profit edge Application click here

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Some experts still insist on hoarding bitcoin because huge profits await investors in the upcoming years. Let’s dive into it. Does bitcoin still have the ability to give good returns or not? 

Rising Trend of Bitcoin

Major tech and non-tech firms are rapidly increasing the usage of bitcoin in their expenses, such as bonuses to the employee or allowing customers to pay in bitcoins. For example, in recent times, Tesla founder Elon Musk created a sensation in the bitcoin price when he announced, “Tesla would accept the bitcoin as the payment of its electric vehicle.”

On the other hand, all over the world, people are considering using bitcoin as a trading currency like the dollar, euro, or any other trading currency presently. Some e-Commerce portals allow the customer to pay via bitcoins or any other cryptocurrency.   

With time, bitcoin will hold its presence worldwide like the usual trading currency. Sooner we are going to witness the situation when bitcoin and cryptocurrency would trade like the usual currency. After that, holding bitcoin will undoubtedly provide some amazing returns in the upcoming years.

The safest asset

As everyone is aware, no centralized enterprise or authority manages bitcoin. So it is one of the safest assets for people. In the world, no government can seize this asset from any of the holders. If an individual holds the assets, no one can seize or still the asset, and exceptions are always there, such as theft of the key or loss of a hot wallet. And one of the best things no one will know is how much an individual possesses. For a bitcoin trade, an investor can use CRYPTOSoft, one of the best of its own. 

Instead of holding the assets in a bank or vault. In any situation, if something happens, then the assets are seized by the holder’s authority or the government. Bitcoin allows the investor to be the authorized person to use the currency whenever required without nobody’s intervention. 

Furthermore, there is a major advantage of keeping some bitcoin in reserve. Why wouldn’t it hold the currency that anyone in any circumstances can seize?

Is it the best time to Buy?

The current rate of the bitcoin is $16987.80 per bitcoin, according to the 6th of December 2022, and in June 2022, it was $31,148.30 per bitcoin. Why not buy bitcoin? Compared to June 2022 and December 2022, an individual gets one bitcoin at almost half price. 

And if an individual considers himself one of those investors who would buy the bitcoin at the bottom price, then this is something like I would drive my car when every signal is green. This is an amazing time to buy bitcoin. 

As it is obvious, no one can control the bitcoin rates. However, an individual can prevent the loss. Hence, before buying bitcoin at this time, keep the below-mentioned things in mind: 

  • Only invest the amount which cannot affect life in the situation of loss. 
  • What’s the storage device? Such as a “hot wallet” or “cold wallet”? 

Accessible to move

Let’s look at it this way, suppose an individual is hoarding gold and silver. It would take effort and time. Or maybe it can be theft in the middle of the moving process. But this doesn’t hold true with Bitcoin.

Bitcoin transactions between accounts may be completed in a matter of seconds. A sender needs the receiver’s wallet address, internet connection, smartphone, laptop, or desktop. With one click, the bitcoin would be in another account. 

Conclusion

Hoarding bitcoin at this time is going to provide some huge financial benefits. Due to this, it has declined a lot since June. As per the cryptocurrency expert, it is going to be upward soon. Before bitcoin starts to trend upward, invest something into it. Even many governments from all over the world also hoard bitcoin in their treasures to deal with inflation.

Bitcoin As An Alternative Payment Mechanism

  In recent years, the popularity of Bitcoin has increased significantly, & many businesses are now considering accepting Bitcoin as a form of payment. But for those unfamiliar with Bitcoin, getting it can seem daunting. In this piece, we will see how a business can accept Bitcoin as payment & why it may be a wise decision. Know more at Register now.

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Why Accept Bitcoin as Payment?

It is crucial to recognize the advantages of accepting Bitcoin as payment before delving into the specifics of how to do so. Unlike traditional credit card transactions that can be disputed or reversed, Bitcoin transactions are cryptographically secure and cannot be altered, making them highly resistant to fraud and chargebacks.

Another advantage of Bitcoin payments is their speed and cost-effectiveness. This makes Bitcoin a highly attractive option for merchants looking to reduce the cost and time associated with processing transactions. This decentralization provides businesses with greater economic freedom & independence, as they can transact globally without being subject to the regulations & restrictions of traditional banking systems.

Finally, accepting Bitcoin as payment can attract a new customer base of tech-savvy individuals who value the privacy & security that Bitcoin provides.

How to Accept Bitcoin as Payment

There are several ways a business can start accepting Bitcoin as payment. Once you have a wallet, you can display your Bitcoin address on your website, & customers can send payments directly to that address.

However, displaying your Bitcoin address can be complicated for customers who are unfamiliar with Bitcoin. One solution is a Bitcoin payment processor, which can simplify the payment process for you & your customers.

Bitcoin payment processors are third-party services that process Bitcoin payments on behalf of businesses. These processors typically charge a small fee for their services, but they provide a range of benefits, including simplified payment processing, automatic conversion to fiat currency, & fraud protection.

These processors typically integrate with popular e-commerce platforms such as WooCommerce, Magento, & Shopify, making it easy to accept Bitcoin payments on your website.

In addition to payment processors, businesses can also use Bitcoin payment gateways, which are similar to payment processors but allow companies to accept Bitcoin payments in person. These gateways typically use QR codes to process payments, allowing customers to scan the code with their Bitcoin wallet & send payment directly to the business.

Finally, businesses can also use Bitcoin ATMs to accept Bitcoin payments. These ATMs allow customers to deposit cash & receive Bitcoin in return, providing businesses with a physical location where customers can purchase goods or services with Bitcoin.

Tips for Accepting Bitcoin as Payment

While accepting Bitcoin as payment can provide many benefits, there are some important things to keep in mind to ensure a smooth payment process. First, it’s essential to stay up to date on the current exchange rate of Bitcoin to ensure that you receive fair payment for your goods or services.

Second, it’s crucial to ensure that your payment processing system is secure & that you are taking the necessary precautions to protect your Bitcoin wallet from hacking attempts. This can include using multi-factor authentication & regularly backing up your wallet. Finally, it’s a good idea to educate your customers on how to use Bitcoin & provide them with resources to learn more about cryptocurrency. This can include tutorials on setting up a Bitcoin wallet & sending & receiving Bitcoin payments.

Conclusion

Accepting Bitcoin as payment can provide businesses with various benefits, including increased financial freedom, faster & cheaper payment processing, & access to a new customer base. To start accepting Bitcoin, companies can create a Bitcoin wallet, use a payment processor, payment gateway or Bitcoin ATM, & take steps to ensure a smooth payment process.

Furthermore, by accepting Bitcoin payments, businesses can tap into a rapidly growing market of tech-savvy and financially literate consumers who prefer to use digital currencies for their transactions. After going through every bit of the above article, it must be clear to you by now that bitcoins do come in handy in various payment processes all the time. Besides, it is your responsibility to figure out the best option of payment among all, in the first place. Thus, without wasting any further time, delve into the researches to stick to the most efficient option. 

Why Choosing the Right Bitcoin Exchange Matter

  Bitcoin Clever exchanges are web-based platforms that facilitate the buying, selling, and trading of bitcoins. Given the plethora of options available in the market, it can be challenging to choose the right exchange that fits one’s specific requirements. This article aims to address this challenge by identifying and exploring the most critical factors that users should consider when selecting a bitcoin exchange. By providing a comprehensive overview of these key factors, readers can make informed decisions when choosing an exchange that suits their needs, preferences, and investment goals.

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Why Choosing the Right Bitcoin Exchange Matters

Choosing the right bitcoin exchange is critical for several reasons:

  1. The business you select will impact the security of your bitcoin holdings.
  2. Different deals have varying fees, payment methods, & user-friendliness, affecting your overall experience.
  3. One of the most important things which you need to stay conscious about is nothing but the customer support available in the crypto exchange. 

Security: When selecting a bitcoin exchange, ensuring the security of your funds and personal information should be your top priority. As such, it is essential to consider the security features offered by a prospective exchange carefully. These may include robust password requirements, two-factor authentication (2FA) protocols, cold storage for storing funds offline, encryption and SSL certification for secure data transmission, and regular security audits to identify and mitigate potential vulnerabilities. Other features that can enhance the security of an exchange include multi-signature transactions, which require multiple parties to authorize a transaction, and insurance protection to guard against theft or loss of funds. By assessing the security features of different bitcoin exchanges, you can identify an exchange that offers a high level of protection for your investments and personal data. 

SSL Encryption: SSL encryption ensures that all data sent between your device & the exchange’s server is encrypted. This prevents hackers from intercepting & stealing your information.

Cold Storage: Cold storage refers to keeping most of a bitcoin exchange’s funds offline in “cold” wallets that are not connected to the internet. This ensures that most funds remain secure even if the exchange’s hot wallet is compromised.

Reviews & Reputation

It’s recommended that you do some background study & read customer reviews of several bitcoin exchanges before making your final decision. Try to choose a company that has received praise from previous customers. To discover what others have to say about the trade, you may go visit review websites like Trustpilot & Reddit.

Trading Fees 

The trading fees charged by various Bitcoin exchanges might vary widely. There may be a cost associated with withdrawing funds from certain arrangements. If you’re shopping around for an exchange, take the time to familiarize yourself with their fees so you can choose one with manageable costs.

Methods of Payment

Bitcoin exchanges often accept a wide variety of payment types, including wire transfers, credit cards, & PayPal. Some establishments also accept gift cards & Western Union among other payment options. Pick a trading platform that accepts the ways of payment that work best for you.

User-Friendliness

The ease with which you can utilize a bitcoin exchange may have a significant effect on your overall impression of the service. Pick a package that is simple to understand & use. You can make better choices if you work with a company that provides tools like real-time trading charts & price notifications.

Liquidity

Since there are numerous potential buyers & sellers on a highly liquid exchange, transactions may be completed swiftly. Pick a company with plenty of customers buying & selling bitcoins at any time..

Customer Support

Look for businesses with good customer support that are responsive & helpful. Ideally, the deal should offer support through multiple channels, such as email, phone, & live chat.

Regulatory Compliance

It’s important to choose a bitcoin exchange that complies with relevant regulations & laws in your country or region. Some countries have strict regulations on cryptocurrency trading, while others have more relaxed policies. Choosing an exchange that complies with local regulations can help ensure the legality & security of your transactions. Before selecting a bitcoin exchange, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of any regulatory requirements that may apply in your jurisdiction. This includes researching the legal status of cryptocurrencies in your country, as well as any regulations or guidelines that govern the operation of cryptocurrency exchanges. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in legal and financial consequences, making it essential to do your due diligence before choosing an exchange. 

Conclusion

Choosing the right bitcoin exchange is critical for your bitcoin holdings’ security & overall experience. When selecting a business, look for one with strong security features, a good reputation, reasonable fees, convenient payment methods, an intuitive interface, high liquidity, & good customer support. You can choose an exchange that fits your needs by taking the time to research & carefully consider your options.

Bitcoin Adoption: Understanding the Growth & Future of Cryptocurrency

  Bitcoin adoption is a term used to describe the rate at which people are using & accepting Bitcoin Trading Platform as a legitimate means of payment. In recent years, Bitcoin adoption has grown exponentially, with more businesses & individuals using the cryptocurrency for various transactions. In this article, we will explore the factors that have contributed to the growth of Bitcoin adoption & discuss its future outlook.

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The Rise of Bitcoin Adoption

Originally developed as a decentralized alternative to conventional financial systems, Bitcoin was designed to enable direct peer-to-peer transactions without the need for intermediaries like banks or governments. As its popularity increased, however, more and more businesses and individuals began to recognize its potential as a legitimate form of payment.

Today, thousands of businesses across the world accept Bitcoin as a means of payment, including major players like Microsoft, Expedia, and Overstock.com. This widespread adoption has helped to cement Bitcoin’s status as a viable payment method, and has opened up new opportunities for merchants to tap into a growing market of consumers who prefer to use digital currencies for their transactions. 

Factors Contributing to Bitcoin Adoption

Several factors have contributed to the growth of Bitcoin adoption, including:

  1. Decentralization: One of the primary reasons why people are turning to Bitcoin is its decentralized nature. Unlike traditional financial systems, where banks & governments control the flow of money, Bitcoin is entirely decentralized, with transactions processed through a distributed network of nodes. 
  2. Security: Another factor driving Bitcoin adoption is its security features. Bitcoin uses a public ledger called the blockchain to record transactions, which makes it nearly impossible to tamper with or hack. Additionally, Bitcoin transactions are pseudonymous, which means that users can transact without revealing their real identity.
  3. Lower transaction fees: In comparison to other digital formula or assets, the transaction fees of bitcoin is way too low. 
  4. Accessibility: Bitcoin is available in small denominations, which makes it easy for people to use for everyday transactions.

Future Outlook for Bitcoin Adoption

The future of Bitcoin adoption is difficult to predict, as it depends on several factors. However, many experts believe that Bitcoin adoption will continue to grow in the coming years. Here are some factors that could impact the future of Bitcoin adoption:

Increased regulation: As Bitcoin continues to gain mainstream acceptance, it is likely that governments will begin to regulate it more closely. This could impact Bitcoin adoption, as it could make it more difficult for people to use the cryptocurrency.

Mainstream adoption: If more businesses & individuals continue to adopt Bitcoin, it is likely that the cryptocurrency will become more main stream. 

Technological advancements: As technology continues to evolve, it is likely that new Bitcoin-related products & services will emerge. This could lead to increased adoption, as people find new ways to use the cryptocurrency.

Regulation & Legalization

The regulation & legalization of Bitcoin can have a significant impact on its adoption. Some countries have been more welcoming than others when it comes to cryptocurrencies. Countries like Japan & Switzerland have been particularly open to Bitcoin & have implemented regulations to ensure its legality & safety. On the other hand, countries like China & Russia have been more skeptical & have implemented stricter regulations.

In countries where Bitcoin is not yet legal or regulated, its adoption may be slowed. If Bitcoin is deemed illegal or unregulated, businesses & individuals may be hesitant to accept or use it due to the risk of legal repercussions. On the other hand, if Bitcoin is properly regulated & legalized, it may become more attractive to businesses & individuals who are looking for a secure & stable investment.

Security & Trust

One of the biggest barriers to Bitcoin adoption is the issue of security & trust. Many people are hesitant to use Bitcoin because of concerns about its safety & the potential for fraud. While Bitcoin is built on a secure blockchain technology that makes it difficult to hack, there have been several high-profile security breaches & scams in the past.

To increase trust & security, the Bitcoin community has been working to improve security features & develop new technologies. For example, multi-signature wallets require multiple approvals for transactions, making it more difficult for hackers to steal funds. Additionally, the development of decentralized exchanges (DEX) may make it possible to trade cryptocurrencies without a central authority, further increasing security.

User-Friendliness

Another barrier to Bitcoin adoption is the issue of user-friendliness. Additionally, the volatility of Bitcoin’s price can make it difficult for people to understand how much their Bitcoin is worth.

To address this issue, companies have been developing new technologies & platforms that make it easier for people to use Bitcoin. For example, many exchanges now offer mobile apps that allow users to buy & sell Bitcoin on the go. Additionally, some companies are developing user-friendly wallets that simplify the process of storing & using Bitcoin.

Conclusion

In order for Bitcoin to be widely adopted, it needs to be more widely accepted & integrated into mainstream society. This can be achieved through education, regulation, & the development of new technologies. 

Top 10k Bitcoin investors control one-third of the supply.

  As we all know, bitcoin is one of the most popular cryptocurrencies today in the market. No matter whether you like it or not, it has become the first crypto in the world. It is one of the nearing things to decentralized assets. 

The thing which one should note is that it has some pressure points. For pressure points, we do not mean failure. It refers to the investors who have invested hugely in bitcoins. It is to be determined whether such currencies will take off the market any day. If you want to invest in bitcoins then you can visit online trading platforms like Limmercoin

Santoshi Nakamoto

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Santoshi Nakamoto is one of the founders who has the largest number of bitcoin today. We exactly don’t know if he came to the top list individually or in a group. But he holds around 1 million bitcoins today. This million in total means 5.2% of the total supply of BTC. And this becomes a huge amount. 

Still, no one is aware of Santoshi Nakamoto. However, it is a great risk for a person to such any currency in such a large number. 

According to Coinbase, it is a big risk for his businesses. This news was viral among the public in the year 2021. Also, it has been said that an anonymous person Santoshi Nakamoto holds the largest number of bitcoin, which is a huge risk. 

It is a fool’s game to speculate on Santoshi Nakamoto’s identity. Even Bitcoins he is holding can be lost forever. There is no difficulty in observing the coinbase listing it as a risk on its filling. All we can say is a person has around 5.2 percent of BTC. But no one can even determine who can have it. 

Bitcoin whales

After knowing about Nakamoto, it was found that there are some wallets where there are bitcoins available. National Bureau of economic research said that the top 10000 Bitcoin investors on the list have around one-third of the total supply. 

It is not an appropriate value but is an approximation. Hence, it is likely, not possible to control such a huge number by a single person. As discussed above, Nakamoto is the one to hold 5.2 percent of BTC. But no one has any idea whether he is owned as an individual or not. 

Bitcoin returned almost 230 percent of bitcoin in the years 2011 and 2021. It is doing so to outperform the financial asset of the world. It is a piece of shocking news that an individual is holding such a large amount of BTC. 

If you would have invested something 2000 dollars in the year 2010, you will get around 10000 bitcoins. That number of BTC costs 26 dollars in today’s time. As a result, the person who involved themselves in it too early has a lot of supply today and has earned huge from it. 

Also, it has been researched that only 114 addresses throughout the world contain 10000 bitcoins and more. so, these 114 addresses have almost 15.5 percent of the total supply of bitcoins. 

Some entities that have the largest number of bitcoins today

Not only individuals but there are some entities too who hold the largest number of BTC in the world. Among which the first is Michael Saylor and MicroStrategy who has 130000 bitcoins today. This number in approximation refers to 0.68 percent of the total supply. And hence it is a huge amount for any big company. But they have a fear that if in case the price of BTC decreases then what shall happen? 

Not only MicroStrategy but there is one more Chinese company holding a large number of BTC. That private company is Block.one which has currently 140000 bitcoins. This company has the highest number of bitcoin by a single entity. 

Conclusion

So there isn’t any doubt that the fundamentals of BTC make it a decentralized asset. The no downward of this currency made it a decentralized asset in the real world. Many entities and persons are holding Bitcoin today in huge numbers. For the early investors it is just marvelous as they can earn huge from it now. So, still, if you like to invest in any such currencies, bitcoin smart seems the best choice for you. 

Bitcoin Mining Helps Oil Companies Reduce Carbon Footprint

  We see electricity is not the critical cost of BTC mining, and it has helped many people mine coins using higher hydro energy. However, renewable energies like energy and hydro work from traditional sources are now helping people use them very well. We can see the crypto mining work is now using ample fuel to help manage things in different ways. With an excellent alternative option, we can find extraction now working as a small thing that is difficult to find out in a big way. We see the shale oil wells are now coming out in North America to become an integral part of the company for the past few years. We see their byproducts, including methane and other things working on the price, becoming expensive with the added set up to transport the fuel in a big way. We will deal with BTC mining, which further alleviates the carbon footprint in a big way. Start your Oil trading journey by visiting https://oil-edge.org

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Crypto mining is becoming gas profitable. 

If we check the crypto mining, it demands a massive mining setup with good hardware details. Some companies are giving this sort of customer service. An oil and gas engine must generate the power and electricity for mining rigs. Many more oil producers can help in compliance, help vent with quotas, and give additional income. It can help in giving some uninterrupted oil extractions. We can have many more mining rewards that we can further enjoy with an excellent offer to enjoy with too many more options. Many more engines can help in generating power for mining rigs. You can find too many oil producers that can help comply and offer venting quotas and oil extraction. Mining rewards can help in giving the option to offer the idea of selling the gas. Also, there is a massive release of gasses like CO2 and other several similar gasses in the atmosphere. 

How is Bitcoin mining making a difference in this domain? 

Many companies like EZ Blockchain play a role in this domain. The company is busy expanding its operations in different sectors. It has helped gain a sound mitigation system in the market allowing people to gain the pad and then help mine digital currencies with the help of energy that is now working in a flared-up way. The EX smart box is now deploying the good pads to gain good energy and mining better digital currencies to use energy and gain significant results. The EZ Smartbox remains a good smart box that s further allowing many more people to use data processing elements to manage the show. The US-based company is now helping many miners reduce their environmental carbon footprint. These also include several oil and gas companies that are struggling to get good results in the market. We find many more companies now working hard to set up a big way. There is a massive opportunity for a shale boom and then flare up the gas in the best way. Also, the fuel is now developing pipes in an economically feasible way.

BTC is helping oil companies to slash down carbon footprints 

Several data prove that the industry is booting the market. It is the big reason. Bitcoin mining is playing a role in this domain. Crypto is finding out the reliable and store value preparation. Unlike the usual money like USD or Euro, we can find many more Crypto is getting the desire for trustworthy and long term store that can remain the value. Unlike Crypto, which has a limited supply, it can help cap up the math-based protocols. It helps make things possible for the political body or government groups to dilute the value that comes via inflation. Also, with the cryptographic nature of the digital currency, one can find things incredible for the government agencies and the tax that helps confiscate the tokens that come without any support from the owner. It helps make the Crypto very attractive and can help in worrying about the hyperinflation set of events, disaster conditions, bank failures, and disaster conditions. Bitcoin attracted attention owing to the censorship-resistant features and censorship option that led to many more proponents.

How Does Bitcoin Work? A Technical Overview

  Introduction

In the fast-paced digital age, cryptocurrencies have emerged as a revolutionary financial asset. At the forefront of this digital revolution stands Bitcoin, the first and most popular cryptocurrency. Understanding how Bitcoin works is essential to comprehend the potential of this decentralized digital currency. This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of Bitcoin, shedding light on its underlying mechanisms and the process of transactions. If you are into crypto investment like Bitcoin, you may also want to know about the Apps That Make Every Word Count.

Unraveling the Enigma of Bitcoin

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An online trading platform, has been instrumental in popularizing Bitcoin by offering a user-friendly platform for trading this digital asset. But before delving into the technicalities, it’s crucial to grasp the fundamentals of Bitcoin’s architecture and ideology.

The Blockchain: Building Blocks of Bitcoin

Bitcoin operates on a revolutionary technology called the blockchain. The blockchain is a decentralized and immutable ledger that records all Bitcoin transactions in chronological order. These transactions are grouped into blocks, and each block is cryptographically linked to the previous one, forming an unbroken chain. This ensures transparency, and security, and prevents fraudulent activities.

Decentralization: No Central Authority

One of Bitcoin’s defining features is its decentralized nature. Unlike traditional currencies that are controlled by central banks, Bitcoin is not governed by any central authority. Instead, it relies on a network of nodes (computers) that collectively validate and record transactions. This decentralized structure ensures that no single entity can manipulate the system, making it resistant to censorship and corruption.

Mining: Fueling the Bitcoin Ecosystem

Mining plays a pivotal role in the functioning of the Bitcoin network. Miners are individuals or entities that use powerful computers to solve complex mathematical puzzles, known as proof-of-work (PoW). The first miner to solve the puzzle gets the privilege of adding the next block to the blockchain and is rewarded with newly minted Bitcoins and transaction fees. Mining secures the network, validates transactions, and ensures consensus among participants.

Public and Private Keys: Ensuring Security

To engage in Bitcoin transactions, users need a pair of cryptographic keys: a public key and a private key. The public key, which acts as an address, is visible to everyone and is used to receive funds. The private key, on the other hand, is kept secret and is used to sign transactions, proving ownership of the funds. This cryptographic pair ensures the security and integrity of transactions.

Transactions: The Heart of the Bitcoin Network

When a user initiates a Bitcoin transaction, it is broadcast to the network, where it awaits confirmation. Miners then select pending transactions and add them to a new block, validating their authenticity. Once confirmed, the transaction becomes a permanent part of the blockchain, and the recipient gains access to the transferred Bitcoins.

Consensus Mechanism: Reaching Agreement

Maintaining consensus among the network participants is vital for Bitcoin’s operation. As the blockchain grows, multiple versions of the same block may exist temporarily. However, the longest chain is deemed the valid one. Miners continue to extend the longest chain, and eventually, the network reaches a consensus on which block is the correct one.

Scalability Challenges: A Work in Progress

Despite its tremendous success, Bitcoin faces challenges, particularly in terms of scalability. The blockchain’s size increases with every transaction, leading to longer confirmation times and higher fees. Solutions like the Lightning Network aim to address these issues by enabling off-chain transactions and improving scalability.

Security and Immutability: Safeguarding the Bitcoin Network

Bitcoin’s robust security measures are fundamental to its success. The immutability of the blockchain, achieved through the cryptographic linking of blocks, ensures that past transactions cannot be altered or tampered with. This tamper-resistant feature guarantees the integrity of the entire transaction history, instilling trust in the system and its participants.

The Halving Event: Controlling Supply and Inflation

One of the unique aspects of Bitcoin’s design is the halving event, which occurs approximately every four years. During this event, the block rewards that miners receive for successfully adding a new block to the blockchain are cut in half. This halving mechanism is programmed into the Bitcoin protocol and serves a crucial purpose – to control the supply of new Bitcoins entering circulation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Bitcoin’s success as the first cryptocurrency can be attributed to its innovative use of blockchain technology, decentralization, and security measures. Understanding how Bitcoin works at a technical level is essential for investors, traders, and enthusiasts alike. As the technology evolves and scalability improves, Bitcoin’s potential to revolutionize the financial landscape continues to grow, inspiring a new era of decentralized digital finance.

Toruń – The Polish town stuck in the medieval ages

 Meet Toruń, the Polish town coined by UNESCO to be a remarkably well preserved example of a medieval European trading and administrative centre. Situated on the banks of Vistula River, Toruń was founded when Christianity was being spread through Eastern Europe by the military monks of the Teutonic order and expanding trade between the countries of the Baltic Sea and Eastern Europe was being driven forward by the Hanseatic League (The Hanseatic League was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe in the 1100s). The town went on to become a leading member of the Hanseatic League in the territories ruled by the Teutonic Order.

An image of the city of Toruń on the banks of Vistula River
Toruń by the Vistula River

The town can be divided into three parts – The Teutonic Castle, the Old Town and the New Town. The combination of the castle with the two towns, surrounded by a circuit of defensive walls, represents a rare form of medieval settlement agglomeration.

The Toruń Castle

The castle was one of the pioneering ones built by the Teutonic order in the land succeeded to them by the Duke Conrad of Mazovia. The castle took a hundred years to build, since it’s conception in the 13th century. The palace’s historic value comes from the fact that it was the base for the Teutonic Knights when they began their first mission to colonize pagan Old Prussians, and subsequently the formation of the Teutonic state. The majority of the castle – which was built in a horseshoe-shaped plan in the mid-13th century as a base for the conquest and evangelization of Prussia was destroyed during an uprising in 1454, when the local townspeople revolted against the Teutonic Order. The city rebelled on 4 February, and a few days later the small Teutonic garrison negotiated a surrender. They were allowed to leave the castle and the city. Shortly afterward, on 8 February, the castle was plundered, and then the Toruń city council decided that it would be demolished to prevent the Teutonic Knights from reoccupying it. This event marked the beginning of the Thirteen Years’ War.

The ruins and the archaeological remains have been excavated and safeguarded.

A picture of the exterior of the Toruń castle
The Medieval Toruń castle

 

The Old Town and New Town

The Old Town was granted an urban charter in 1233, which swiftly led to its expansion as a major commercial trading centre. The adjacent New Town developed from 1264, mainly as a centre for crafts and handiwork. Both urban areas bear witness to the interchange and creative adaptation of artistic experience that took place among the Hanseatic towns.

An exceptionally complete picture of the medieval way of life is illustrated in the original street patterns and early buildings of Toruń. Both the Old Town and the New Town have Gothic parish churches and numerous fine medieval brick townhouses, many of which have retained their original Gothic facades, partition walls, stucco-decorated ceilings, vaulted cellars, and painted decoration. Many townhouses in Toruń were used for both residential and commercial purposes. A fine example is the house in which Nicolas Copernicus was reputedly born in 1473.

Medieval nature of the town

All the elements that sustain the Outstanding Universal Value of the Medieval Town of Toruń are located within the boundaries of the property. The property’s medieval urban layout encircled by a ring of defenses remains intact, including two market squares, Town Hall, townhouses, churches, and the Teutonic Castle. This layout and Toruń’s compact, cohesive architectural fabric are substantially of medieval origin. The historic panoramas of the town are unaltered, shaped by the monumental silhouettes of the Gothic churches and Town Hall that dominate the skyline, rising above multiple varieties of townhouses with diverse facades and various geometries of ceramic-tiled roofs. The administrative, commercial, and tourist functions of contemporary Toruń (concentrated within the Old Town) do not pose a threat to the property, which does not suffer from adverse effects of development and/or neglect.

The Medieval Town of Toruń is remarkably authentic in terms of its location and setting, forms and designs, and materials and substances. It is an original, unchanged example of medieval town planning based on a regular grid of quarters, streets, and building blocks, designed in keeping with 13th-century regulations and extant in a recognizable form. The authenticity of the Teutonic Castle, built in a horseshoe-shaped plan surrounded by a curtain wall and moats, is attested by conservation records, its structure, the functions of its rooms, and its historic fabric, even though the castle survives only in the form of ruins. Its location between two medieval towns, set on the high bank of the Vistula River, is entirely authentic. The material substance of the buildings is likewise authentic: the Gothic origins of the city walls, gates, towers, churches, walls defining building plots, and townhouses are evidenced by their structures, cellars, interior walls, elevations, architectural details, and interior decor.

The authenticity of the urban planning concept linking Toruń with Hanseatic Europe, and of the surviving architectural structures, provide evidence of the continuity of traditional construction techniques and technologies incorporating templates, forms, and colour schemes widely used throughout the city and region.

Oh, and did I mention, Toruń is a UNESCO World Heritage site, making it a must see for all wanderlusters.

 

 

 

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)

 Centre has reconstituted the six Empowered Groups into ten groups to tackle the COVID situation in the country. The decision is aimed at further improving the efforts in catering the current need of COVID management. NITI Aayog Member (Health) Dr VK Paul will head the Emergency Management Plan Group and the ten-member panel on Vaccination.

Health Secretary Rajesh Bhushan will be the convener of the Empowered Group on Emergency Response Capabilities. It will look into the issues related to hospitals, equipment and medicines. A separate Empowered Group has been formed under the chairmanship of Road and Transport Secretary, Giridhar Aramane on oxegen production, import and other related issues.

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Director General Balram Bhargava has been made the convener of the panel on COVID testing, while NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant will head the group which will take care of work of private sector, NGOs and international organisations.

Economic and Welfare Measures group which has been tasked with emerging issues related to growth and employment, will be headed by Department of Economic Affairs Secretary Ajay Seth.

Home Secretary Ajay Bhalla will be the convenor of 12 member Empowered Group on Pandemic Response and Coordination. An 11 member group headed by Information and Broadcasting Secretary Amit Khare will look after the steps on information, communication and public engagement.

Poornachandra tejaswi

 

ABOUT TEJASWI

Poorna Chandra Tejaswi was renown Indian author and novelist in kannada with a pen name poochanthe. He is son of jnanapith awardee, a famous kannada poet, Raashtrakavi kuvempu and Hemavati. Tejaswi was born on 8 September 1938 in kuppalli in Shimoga district of Karnataka state. Tejaswi has written poems, short stories, novels and also translated many English works into kannada.

His first story is “Linga Banda” which described about the western Ghats from a small boy`s perspective. The story got best story award by newspaper Prajavaani. He graduated from from Maharaja college Mysore and moved to Mudigere Chikmagalur district in Karnataka. because of his immense interest in nature Tejaswi took up farming. If you read his works you will understand the immense love he had for nature. He makes you roam Mudigere while you are sitting in your room through is works.

Tejaswi is known as a navya sahithi, a writer of navya period. He is also a Bandaya poet, a genre of protest literature. He was a polymath. He did farming, writing, photography, painting and many more things. Tejaswi has won many awards like Rajyotsava award, Pampa award, kannada sahithya academy award, Karnataka state film award for his many of his works. Some of his famous works include karvalo, Chidambara rahasya, Jugari cross, huliyoorina sarahaddu, Bellandoorina narabhakshaka, Sahaja krushi, Missing link, Hejje Moodada haadi, Papillon and many more.

He is married to Rajeshwari Tejaswi. Susmitha Tejaswi and Eshanye Tejaswi are his children. He died of cardiac arrest on 5 April 2007 at his farmhouse Niruttara, Mudigere, Chikmagalur district.

Why Tejaswi is everyone’s favorite?

Yes, Tejaswi is everyone’s favorite and mine too. That’s mainly because of his storytelling technique. You go into the dark thick forest while reading his books. You feel the presence of that human eating tiger when he describes it. You are in the adventure while reading his books. He hooks the reader right from the start. he is honest, hilarious and clever at the same time.

Lets take a book called karvalo. In the book they take an adventure to find a strange flying lizard Draco dussumieri, a flying lizard which is capable of gliding from tree to tree found in western Ghats. at the end when the characters, scientist karvalo, the farmer and his fellowmen try to catch the weird creature, but it escapes through the jungle. But the reader, you will feel the fatigue of the efforts they made, you will be annoyed because they didn’t able to catch it.

Not only his storytelling, the other thing that make you read Tejaswi again and again is the knowledge he hides in his books. His book missing links talks about human evolution. The set of three books headed Vismaya , talks about variety of species and facts about them you wouldn’t know ever existed. He doesn’t only entertain you, but he gives nutritious food to your brain.

Tejaswi always links science and philosophy. The incidents that happen in his stories become guard and guide your life. he grows morals in the reader. He grows love and appreciation for nature. Tejaswi puts you in a sense of responsibility towards nature. He makes you believe in simple living. He will push you to think about problems of agriculturists. He talks about culture and and history. He perfectly reaches out to youth.

Opportunity Cost Theory ( Assumptions , Explanation , Criticism )

 

Innumerable theories are formulated by Haberler , Ohlin , Samuelson , Leontief , Hecksher and many others dealing with the macro and micro parts of international trade .

The principle of Comparative Cost theory by Ricardo, despite being the basis of international trade, has been criticized by many economists .
Ricardo’s theory of comparative cost is based on the labour theory of value which means that labour is the only factor of production and labour is homogeneous .
Such assumptions are found to be unrealistic .

Gottfired Haberler ‘ s theory of opportunity cost overcomes these shortcomings and explains the doctrine of the theory in terms of ” the substitution curve’ ‘ or as Samuelson entitled it as ” production possibility curve “or “transformation curve ” .

Lerner called it the ” production indifference curve ” or ” production frontier .”

Haberler’s theory is found to be more realistic .

The Theory of Opportunity cost


Opportunity cost is the value of loss when choosing between two or more commodities.

To elaborate more ,
The opportunity cost theory says that if a country can produce either commodity X or Y , the opportunity cost of commodity X is the amount of the other commodity Y that must be given up in order to get one additional unit of commodity X .

The exchange ratio between the two commodities is expressed in terms of their opportunity costs .
The decrease in the quantity of the second commodity represents the opportunity cost of the additional quantity of the given commodity.

Haberler used the concept of opportunity cost with production possibility curves to illustrate international trade theory.

Assumptions :-

The following assumptions are formulated by Haberler to illustrate the theory :-

• There are only two countries , (A,B)
• Each country possesses two factors of production – labour and capital.
• Each country can produce two commodities , ( X and Y ,)
• There is perfect competition in both the factor and commodity markets .
• The price of each commodity equals its marginal money costs .
• The price of each factor equals its marginal value productivity in each employment .
• The supply of each factor is fixed .
• Factors are immobile between the two countries.
•. There is no change in technology .
• Trade between the two countries is completely free and unrestricted.


Key terms :-

Production possibility curve :-

A production possibility curve or transformation curve is the curve that shows various combinations of two goods that can be produced with available amounts of resources .
Production possibility curve shows that if an economy wants to produce more of one commodity ,it will have to transfer or divert resources from the production of another commodity to produce the one .




Different points on the production possibility curve show different combinations of the two goods . Points outside the curve are unattainable because of the scarce quantity of resources available.


Marginal Cost of Production :-
The marginal cost of production measures the change in the total cost of a good that arises from producing one additional unit of that good.



Marginal Rate Of Transformation :-
The marginal rate of transformation is the number of units of one product that can be increased by reducing the quantity of another product. It shows the number of goods that will be foregone to produce an additional unit of other goods while keeping the factors of production constant.


Comparative advantages: – A country can produce one commodity at a lower cost
than the other because of comparative advantages such
as favourable climate, natural resources, geographical
situation and efficiency of labour.



Explanation Of the Opportunity Cost Theory


The production possibility curve indicates such combinations of two commodities .
The shape of the production possibility curve determines the basis and the gain from international trade under the theory of opportunity curve .


The slope of the production possibility curve is determined by the ratio of units of the commodity given up in order to have one unit of the other commodity i.e by Marginal rate of transformation. (MRT)

MRT xy = ∆Y/ ∆X , where ,

X and Y are being produced by a country and some quantities of labour and capital input are used from the production of Y into the production process of commodity X.


Trade can take place only when each nation has a different MRT. The gains from trade for a particular nation depend on how much the
international exchange rates differ from that nation’s MRT. The greater the difference, the
greater is the gains from trade. The gains from trade rest further upon the amount of trade taking place. A larger volume of trade allows larger gains from trade and a greater
increase in the standard of living.


Following the assumptions , two countries say A and B enter into a trade together .


Two commodities X and Y are being produced by using various alternative combinations that a country can produce most efficiently by fully utilising it’s factor of production i.e labour and capital ,are homogeneous , with the available technology in the fixed proportion due to perfect substitutability .

Conditions :-

1:
Trade under Constant Opportunity Cost



The production possibility curve under constant opportunity cost is a straight line .

In the figure ,
PA is the production possibility curve of country A ,
PB is the production possibility curve of country B .

Country A can produce either
OP of Y , or
OA of X

Similarly , Country B can produce
OP of Y
OB of X .

The slope of the production possibility curve determines the relative price of the two commodities , since the opportunity cost of leaving a unit of one commodity in order to have an additional unit of another is constant , the cost ratio ( relative price ) is the same on all the points on the production possibility curve.

Since , the MRT is constant i.e the slope of the production possibility curve is also constant, trade between the two countries is not possible as no country stands to gain through the trade .


Trade Under Increasing Opportunity Cost :-




The production possibility curve under the increasing opportunity cost is concave to the origin because when a country specialises in the production of one commodity ,in which it possesses comparative advantage ,its opportunity costs increase .

In the above figure ,
AA1 is the production possibility curve of country A which is concave to the origin .
The slope of this curve shows that country A will specialise in the production of commodity X .
The larger amount of commodity Y will be given up to have additional amount of commodity X as we move from point A to A1
Thus ,the country faces increasing opportunity costs .

BB1 is the production possibility curve of a country which is concave to the origin .
The slope of this curve shows that country B will specialise in the production of commodity Y.
The larger amount of commodity Y will be given up to hsv additional amount of commodity Y as we move from B1` to B .
Thus , the country faces increasing opportunity costs.

Let us assume the international price ratio is given by the line PL in country A ,
and PL1 in country B.

The slope of line PL is greater than domestic price line aa ,making commodity X expensive in international market than in domestic market and resulting in the interest of country A to shift some factor of production from the production of commodity Y to commodity X , moving it’s production level from point K to point E.

It will export TR of X and import QS of Y ,
domestically consuming OT of X ,and OQ of Y .
The export and import can be shown by the “trade triangle ” CDE .


The slope of line PL1 is less steep than domestic price line bb ,making commodity Y expensive in international market than in domestic market and resulting in the interest of country B to shift some factor of production from the production of commodity X to commodity Y , moving it’s production level from point K1 to point E1

It will import D1C1 of X and export D1E1 of Y ,
domestically consuming OS1 of Y ,and OR1 of X.
The export and import can be shown by the “trade triangle ” C1E1D1.

Trade Under Constant Decreasing :-



When two countries experience decreasing opportunity costs their production possibility curves are convex to the origin.
Under decreasing opportunity costs , each country completely specialises in the production of only one commodity after trade because there are increasing returns based on internal economies of production .

In the figure ,
The production possibility curve of country A is AA 1 and B is BB1.

The pre trade production and consumption point of country A is K where it’s domestic price line aa is tangent to its production possibility curve and country B is K1 , where it’s domestic price line bb is tangent to its production possibility curve.

The international price line being BA1, if both the countries enter the trade ,
BA1 is steeper than the domestic line of country A , making X more expensive in the international market and resulting in shifting of resources of production to X from K to A1 .

On the other hand , the international price line BA1 is flatter than the domestic price line bb of the country making Y commodity expensive in the international market than in the domestic market and resulting in shifting of resources of production to commodity Y and moving from K1 to B .

Thus , country A will completely specialise in commodity X and B in commodity Y .
Now both the countries will move along with the international price line BA1,
Country A from A to point A1 upward , country B from B to point B1 downward and reach point C in consumption.


Note :-

The straight line tangent represents :-

‘A straight line tangent to the transformation curve indicates the ratio of market prices
of the two commodities, and the condition of tangency expresses equilibrium in production, that is, equality between prices and marginal costs stated in opportunity terms. Domestic demand conditions enter into this construction via community indifference curves, or simply
as a consumption point determined by a given arrangement of production and income distribution.”


Finally, tangency of a line representing the equilibrium international price ratio to
both transformation function and community indifference curve indicates equilibrium in
exchange, that is:

(i) Equality domestically between the marginal rate of substitution in consumption and marginal rate of transformation in production, and

(ii) Equality of the value of exports and the value of imports.


Critical Appraisal

As an alternative to classical comparative theory , the opportunity cost theory is more realistic .

The opportunity cost theory analyses pre- trade and post – trade situations under constant , increasing and decreasing opportunity cost whereas comparative advantage theory is based on constant cost of production within a country and comparative advantage and disadvantage between two countries.

Jacob Viber in his ” Studies in The Theory of International Trade ” ( 1937) criticized the opportunity cost theory of values which is the basis of Haberler’s theory .
Some of his criticism were :-

• Neglecting of welfare
• Failure in measuring in terms of strain , sacrifice or disutility.
• Neglecting Change in Factors of Supplies .
• Unrealistic Assumptions .


Despite criticism ,the opportunity cost theory has been regarded as more fertile because it can be readily extended into a general equilibrium system .

Seven Ages of Man: Summary

 In the poem, Seven Ages of Man Shakespeare compares the entire world to a theatrical stage, where all the human beings perform their allotted role given by the God. Every individual has to go through seven acts that are seven stages of man’s life. Shakespeare has divided human life into seven stages, with each stage having its own qualities and characteristics. Shakespeare considers the world a stage and men and women actors on the stage of life. They play seven roles on the stage depending upon their age.

The first stage, in this phase of his life man, appears as a child in the world. As a child, he is a helpless creature. He cries in the arms of his nurse for one reason or the other. He cries and vomits.

The next phase of his life man appears as a child in the world. He goes to school with a bag hanging from his shoulder. He goes to the school creeping like a snail. He marches to the school unwillingly.

In the third stage of his life, a man plays the part of a lover. He grows into a young man full of desires, ambitions, and dreams. He becomes a romantic young man. He falls in love and sights like a furnace. He begins to write sad poems to his beloved he cannot control his sad feelings.

In the fourth stage of his life man becomes a foul-mouthed soldier who has learned queer words at this stage, he tries to give himself a formidable look with a beard like a part. He is emotional and jealous. He quarrels with others for his honor and grace. He hankers after temporary and bubble fame.

In the fifth stage of his life, he becomes a judge. He becomes mature and experienced in his thoughts. The heat of youth has completely cooled down and he becomes very realistic. He wishes to grab wealth by foul or fair means. He begins to accept bribe and thus adds much to his material comforts. He becomes ease-loving and therefore becomes fat. His belly becomes round. He eats healthy fowls and chicken presented to him as a bribe. His eyes become severe and he grows the beard of formal cut.

Then, in the sixth stage of his life, man grows old. He looks quite ridiculous in his movements. He wears glasses because his eyesight is weak. His shoes become wide for his feet. His voice suffers a change. It becomes a shrill and quivering whistle

However, in the final stage, the man turns into a child once again. He seems to forget everything. He becomes ‘toothless’. His eyesight is weakened and he is deprived of taste. He is ready to leave this world.

Shakespeare has the seven stages of man’s life with a touch of satire and cynicism. In each stage, man imagines himself great and important, but there is something ridiculous in his behavior all through his life. Shakespeare has described each of the man’s life stage with great economy of words. He uses living and concrete images to describe the different stages of life. The use of the word ‘mewling’ of the infant’s cry and the school boy’s reluctance for going to school described in phases ‘creeping like a snail’ are examples of living images.

Book – Farming at Home

 Welcome to “Farming at Home”. In today’s fast-paced world, where urbanization is on the rise and environmental concerns loom large, reconnecting with nature and integrating it into our living spaces has become more crucial than ever. This book is a comprehensive guide to help you embark on a journey of creating vibrant greenery within the confines of your home, whether it’s a cozy apartment, a suburban house, or a bustling urban rooftop.


The book help to explore the diverse range of topics we’ll explore together. From unraveling the intricate relationships between plants and people to understanding the benefits of indoor plants in purifying the air we breathe, from combatting pollution with green solutions to harnessing the power of sustainable water management and alternative energy sources, this book covers it all.
We delve into practical advice on setting up your own mini gardens, whether it’s a nutritional kitchen garden brimming with fresh herbs and vegetables or a rooftop oasis flourishing with vibrant blooms. We also explore innovative techniques like vertical farming and soil-less food production, revolutionizing the way we think about agriculture and food sustainability.
Moreover, we provide insights into how you can incorporate backyard poultry rearing for a steady supply of protein and explore homemade recipes to nurture your indoor plants and gardens. We even guide you through the process of fixing your own water utilities, ensuring that every drop is utilized efficiently.
Our aim with this book is not just to provide information but to inspire action. We want to empower you to transform your living spaces into green sanctuaries that promote not only your well-being but also contribute positively to the environment.
So, whether you’re a seasoned gardener looking to expand your horizons or a novice eager to embark on your green journey, “Farming at Home” has something for everyone. Let’s embark together on this enriching and rewarding adventure of cultivating green spaces for a healthier, happier home.

Published By: Edupedia Publications Pvt Ltd, New Delhi

Copyright © 2024

Editors: Prof. C. Swaminathan, Dr. V. Geethalakshmi, Dr. S. Pazhanivelan and Dr. P. Kathirvelan

© Authors / EduPub

Year: 2024

Edition: First

Pages: 251

ISBN: 978-93-92585-71-5

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10969053

Imprint: EduPub

Publisher: Edupedia Publications Pvt Ltd

Format: Print

Genre: Gardening & Landscape Design

Price: Rs. 500

eBook LINK      eBook on Amazon or Kindle Book on Amazon