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What is Afforestation and Its Benefits?

AFFORESTATION

Forests provide the clean air, water, and food grains that organisms need to survive in the world. There are no lives without forests. So in this article we will look at the benefits of these forests and their current status.

The Source of Life is Forests

It is a scientific fact that only living things on earth live in the solar family, and that this is because only air and water exist on earth. The fact is that all living things on earth can survive, even though researchers are still researching whether the planets have enough air and water to sustain life. This air contains gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Organisms all absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. At the same time, plants absorb carbon dioxide, release oxygen, and provide clean air for organisms to live.

The Source of Water is Forests

Water is essential for human beings and living beings. This water is available to us through rainfall. Where it rains is mostly in the forests. It rains because of the forests. There are no trees in the deserts. So no rain. There are plenty of trees in the hills. So it rains generously. It is the forests that pour rainwater into the earth and give us groundwater.

Shade Trees and Forests 

Living beings rest in the shade of a tree as they travel from one place to another. That is why all the kings planted trees on both sides of the roads.

Forests That Prevent Soil Erosion

When it rains and the water flows away, the soil is washed away. Thus residential areas are devastated. But soil erosion is largely prevented as the roots of the trees cling to the soil. 

Forests to Help the Home

In addition to the above, trees are also used for building doors, tables, beds, and shelves for humans to live in.

Trees That Provide Food and Medicine

The fruits of the trees are used as food for humans and animals. The leaves, bark, roots, fruits and pods of many trees are also used medicinally. The water that falls on some plants and falls on us is also used as medicine. 

Disadvantages of deforestation 

Today forests are being massively destroyed in the name of civilization. Deforestation to build apartments. This causes erosion and many lives are lost. Decreased rainfall leads to drought, famine and starvation. Man has to wander for drinking water. 

So we will plant trees, grow forests and see resources to live healthily and happily in the world of organisms.

Traffic Rules & Regulations Followed By People

 Traffic Rules & Regulations

Travel is an inevitable part of human life. No man can stay in a room for long. So it is necessary to go to public places. For that you have to use the roads. The rules to be followed on the roads are called traffic rules. We all read here to know what are the rules to be followed by pedestrians and motorists.

Rules for pedestrians

Pedestrians refer to people walking on foot.

  • They should only walk on roads, on sidewalks.  
  • Walk only on the black and white lines that are marked for it in certain places and cross the roads.
  • Pedestrians should cross the road only when allowed by the traffic police.
  • In the absence of police, vehicles from the right and left should pass only when they do not arrive. 

Motorists need to pay attention 

  • Drive only on the left side of the road.
  • Motorists should raise the sound when coming from a short distance to pedestrians. 
  • When returning to the road, the appropriate markings should be given to oncoming vehicles shortly before the specified location. 
  • Never use flashlights that glare at onlookers.
  • Only overtake on the right when overtaking ongoing vehicles. Never overtake on the left. 
  • Your vehicle should not overtake other vehicles for any reason on narrow roads and bridges.
  • Air horn should not be used in front of hospitals or schools.
  • Do not drive more than the speed specified for each vehicle. 
  • You need to drive at a steady pace and realize that you can only save fuel.
  • No more than two people can travel in a two-wheeler.
  • Helmets are required for both motorcyclists.
  • Do not drive under the influence of alcohol. 
  • Do not drive while talking on the phone or listening to music.
  • Four-wheeler drivers must use a seat belt attached to the seat.

Vehicle passengers should pay attention

  • Do not get on or off a moving vehicle.
  • Do not talk to the driver.
  •  Do not travel on stairs.
  • Space must be provided for boarding and disembarking passengers. 
  • Pregnant women, the elderly and the disabled should be provided with seating. 
  •  Need to get the appropriate ticket.
  • Be respectful to the conductor and fellow passengers.
  • Avoid mistakes such as smoking inside the bus, spitting, and stretching the hands and head out of the vehicle.

The purpose of the journey is only to reach the place we want to go, but also to realize that trying to go fast and not reaching death. We will all follow the traffic rules carefully.

How Important is Female Education?

FEMALE EDUCATION

“Women are the eyes of the country” is a universal suffrage. 

There is no doubt that the country will prosper if the light of women’s education shines. All good people will accept the need for women to be educated, which is equal to the world’s population. So let’s look at female education here. 

Importance of Female Education 

If a man is educated he will develop knowledge only for one. However, if a woman is educated, the whole family will be educated. Because the baby begins to learn in the mother’s lap. So it is natural for the whole family to be educated when all the children are educated. 

Female Education in Ancient Times 

It is a fact of history that the kings of the earth ruled and maintained the poets. Women were among the poets who brought good things to the kings of the world. 

Argument and Denial Against Female Education

Those who refused to accept the growth and importance of women uttered many words at that time. But many who felt the importance of female education supported it. It is an internationally accepted fact that a woman is hidden behind every man’s success.

The Benefits of Female Education 

The society of women who are paralyzed in the kitchen because women are educated has made many achievements. Today women have done their duty in various fields of the world.  From Kalpana Chawla to Sania Mirza, who have excelled in sports to aerospace research. Women make up the majority of the teaching profession. Indira Gandhi, who ruled India, was also a woman. Women have assumed responsibility for governance in various parts of the world; They have been performing to this day. Women are on par with men in all fields.

Women need to be educated to be healthy, prosperous and enlightened. We who worship women as gods should also educate women. We will develop female education.

EVOLUTION OF INTERNET

 

From its early days as a military-only
network to its current status as one of the developed world’s primary sources
of information and communication, the Internet has come a long way in a short
period of time. Yet there are a few elements that have stayed constant and that
provide a coherent thread for examining the origins of the now-pervasive
medium. The first is the persistence of the Internet—its Cold War beginnings
necessarily influencing its design as a decentralized, indestructible
communication network.

The History of the Internet

The near indestructibility of information
on the Internet derives from a military principle used in secure voice
transmission: decentralization. In the early 1970s, the RAND Corporation
developed a technology (later called “packet switching”) that allowed users to
send secure voice messages. In contrast to a system known as the hub-and-spoke
model, where the telephone operator (the “hub”) would patch two people (the
“spokes”) through directly, this new system allowed for a voice message to be
sent through an entire network, or web, of carrier lines, without the need to
travel through a central hub, allowing for many different possible paths to the
destination.

The Internet has revolutionized the
computer and communications world like nothing before. The invention of the
telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented
integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting
capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for
collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without
regard for geographic location. The Internet represents one of the most
successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to
research and development of information infrastructure. Beginning with the
early research in packet switching, the government, industry and academia have
been partners in evolving and deploying this exciting new technology.

Role of internet in today’s world

Internet has given the field of business
and trade a new face by taking it online. Undoubtedly, online business is
thriving on the net. The Corporate World can reach out to a wider base of
customers, through their websites. The number of active shoppers online is
progressively on the rise and the business world is tapping this fact for the
better. Locating resources like shops, outlets, businesses offering specific
products and services has become easier through Internet. Apart from speed,
reliability and an extensive reach, it also provides the buyers as well as the
sellers with a greater range of products and services to choose from. It also
eliminates the geographical limitations of trade and exchange. Thus, it is
proving to be a fairly profitable mode in the business arena. Advertising and
marketing have also experienced a radical makeover, all thanks to the Internet
and its enormous coverage. A new product can be introduced to a mass audience
within a matter of a few seconds through this high-speed medium. Apart from
garnering the attention of the consumers, sellers also get the all-important
feedback through various programs and polls. Looking at its colossal potential,
Internet has become a highly viable advertising medium, too.

 Internet
has made the tendering process smoother, safer and speedier. More secure and
quicker filling up of tenders and execution of orders is now possible through
e-tendering. Organizations using the new age methods undeniably enjoy a
striking edge over the organizations making use of the conventional methods.

How to Win Friends and Influence People Book Summary

Book Name : How to Win Friends and Influence People

Author Name : Dale Carnegie

Year of Publication : 1936

There is a famous proverb. “Tell me who your friend is, and I will tell you who you are.” Adding friends who can stand by us is an art. In 1936 Dale Carnegie, a famous public speaker, wrote a book on how to make such good friends. The title of the book is ” How to Win Friends and Influence People.” The book has sold nearly 30+ million copies since its publication. To date, the book has been ranked 19th on Times Magazine’s 100 Most Influence Books list.

We are going to know about such a famous book. It can be said that this book is the beginning of self development. This book has made a changes in the lives of many. 

You can learn an 8 things by reading this book. What they are,

1. Come out of present self and get new thoughts and visions

2. How to farm a team easily

3. Increase popularity

4. Become a great Influencer

5. Increase your influence level on others

6. Learn how to handle complaints and deal with conflicts

7. Learn how to have a better conversation with others

8. Influence other to work with you

You can achieve the above 8 things by reading this book. Not only this but there are a lot of things in this book.

This book has a total of 32 chapters. Author holds this as a 4 part. 

PART I – Fundamental Techniques in Handling People

As we learn what is being said in this part, we will begin to interact properly with others. When we interact like that, we develop a respect among the people.

PART II – Six Ways to Make People Like You

Author has said here a 6 things for others to like us or for others to look at us and be impressed in this part. Why is it said that First Impression is the Best Impression. Always a lot of people will think we are like this when they see us. So he has explained how to make us believe when others see us or how to create best impression on us when they see us.  

PART III – How to Win People to Your Way of Thinking

Author has clearly stated in this part how to bring others our way. Some of the important things that Arthur has said in this are that we can never win a debate. Because it’s not a problem if you are arguing for proof in a discussion. But to those who argue that what I am saying is right author says that it is difficult for us to win. And in this part he has said many things about how we are creating our enemies, how to avoid it, and how to make others like us.

PART IV – Be a Leader : How to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment

Author has told us how to be a leader and how to bring people our way in this part. Sometimes there will be some arguments between us and those who follow us. It explains how to say it without offending them. If you are a team leader or manager in a company, the steps mentioned in this part will be very helpful to make your team do what you think.

Author has said a lot about things like this in this book. That is, no one likes to accept someone’s order. So he has said very clearly about everything from how we indirectly command someone and how to get them to do the work we need for us.

FARMERS

 


An Indian farmer should be respected by everyone. It is he who produces grains and vegetables for the citizens of the country. Throughout the year, the Indian farmer remains busy tilling the fields, sowing seeds, and reaping the crops. Indeed, his is a very busy and hard life. India is an agricultural country. Our prosperity depends upon our agricultural production. For achieving this the Indian farmer’s contribution is very vital. India, as a matter of fact, is a land of farmers. Nearly 75 percent of our population lives in villages.

Former Prime Minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri rightly coined the term Jai jawan Jai Kisan to hail both farmer and a soldier. A farmer is as important to a country as a soldier. While one protects the nation against enemies and guards the citizens against bad elements, another makes sure that we never sleep hungry even for one day. The food we eat every day is because of the sweat and hard work that our farmers go through in the fields.

But just praising farmers and the farming community is not sufficient. India has one of the highest farmer suicide rates in the country. And this precedence is not taken seriously by the people of the country and is never reported in any media channels. There are various reasons why a farmer commits suicide. One might be due to lack of proper production of crops due to scanty rainfalls or unpredictable weather conditions. Governments should intervene to help farmers cope up with their losses.

Food Corporation of India (FCI) is an autonomous body in the country that buy crops directly from the farmers and store it in there cold storage areas for use during Emergency situations like wars or the one that we are facing now, COVID 19 pandemic. I would like to conclude by saying that the farmer and the work he does for his country is no less than the divine work. Governments should formulate proper policies and laws to take care of their needs. If we take care of his needs, only then he can take care of our needs.

Conclusion:

Farmers have great importance in our society. They are the ones who provide us food to eat. Since every person needs proper food for their living, so they are a necessity in society. … Moreover, farmers who grow these crops are of prime importance.

E.LALITHA 


Character

 It is truly said:

“When wealth is lost, nothing is lost. When health is lost, something is lost. But when a character is lost, everything is lost.”

Character is the sum total of all the good qualities in a man. It consists of hon­esty, truthful speech and dealings, dutiful- nests, diligence, and obedience to parents, teach­ers, and elders. Sincerity, love of mankind, inner goodness, and desire to do well to others and to be free from hatred, jealousy, and malice are also part of the character. To live in harmony with the people of all religions, races, castes, and nations may be added to the characteristics of high character. Not casting an evil eye on a member of the opposite sex is the essence of high moral character.

A man’s character is what he really is. It is his real moral condition. It has been defined as ‘the distinctive mark of an individual. It depends partly upon inborn qualities and partly on training in youth and the circumstances in which a person has been brought up.

It can be cultivated by forming good habits in childhood. “Sow an act and you reap a habit. Sow a habit and you reap a character”. If we sow good habits, we build up a good character.

What goes to make up a good character? There are many qualities that go to make up the character. First comes truth. Lorde Averbury says, “But there is one quality it is essential without which a man is not a man without which no really great work was ever achieved-that is truth in the inward parts.”

Next comes justice. A man of good character should love to be out even-handed justice to all. But justice should be tempered with mercy. If it is our duty, to be frank, we ought to be sweet and courteous. Sincerity, honesty, generosity, and purity in speech thought and action- such virtues entitle a person to be called a man of good character.

Sincerity, honesty, generosity, and purity in speech thought and action- such virtues entitle a person to be called a man of good character. Character is a very important factor in a man’s life. Good character is more important than health wealth or happiness

E.LALITHA 

EXAMS

 


An examination can be conducted via oral, written, or digital medium. However, it can be a stress for students, and some students get afraid and anxious just by hearing the name of exams. This is because they have the pressure to perform well in the examination.

Examination’ is derived from the Latin word “examinare” which means ‘to test something’. The English word ‘examination’ refers to a formal study of one’s proficiency level in knowledge or skill.

The first commonly known instance of examinations taking place occurred in China. It was the first time standardized testing of aptitude level was introduced. This model was later adopted by England and Europe. It proved quite beneficial in terms of military recruitment and certification. Later, this practice was applied in all fields of knowledge. Its importance is felt quite adequately in the strength it granted to each field. By withstanding tests and exams, a field was deemed respectful and worthy of pursuit.

Examinations are quite crucial in assessing one’s abilities. They are a means by which a person’s knowledge of their respective field can be assessed. They serve as a rite of passage, allowing students to discover their talents and skill. Exams are a necessary evil of sorts. They ensure that a person is quite capable of performing their assigned tasks in their professions. For instance, the public would prefer the justice system were governed by an educated judge instead of an illiterate one.

  • Examinations are tests that aim to determine the ability of a student.
  • Examinations — the only way to judge the achievement of students.
  • In the present system percentage of marks puts great pressure and tension on students.
  • Entrance tests are held for admission to Universities and Colleges.
  • In the present system, probable questions are drawn up and their answers mugged up — examinations do not test the real merit.
  • Semester system, monthly or weekly tests should be introduced — this would improve the system and lessen the tension and stress.
  • But teachers — the examiners — should be just and honest and impartial.
  • The gradation system instead of the percentage system can also be a better system.
  • At the Public Service Examinations, examiners should sit together, discuss every question, and the requirement of an answer for determining the percentage. Checks and counter checks are necessary for the process.
  • Examinations will have to go on — the system has no replacement for the present.
E.LALITHA

CAA – Citizenship Amendment Act

 

Citizenship Amendment Bill, passed in the Lok Sabha, states that if a person belonging to Hindu, Jain, Sikh, Buddhist, Parsi, or Christian community or one who has migrated from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, or Pakistan (on or before 31st Dec 2014) is no longer an illegal immigrant to the nation. Each of the categories mentioned above would receive Indian Citizenship. Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) later became the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) in December 2019.

Exceptions:

  • The Act does not apply to tribal areas of Tripura, Mizoram, Assam, and Meghalaya because of being included in the 6th Schedule of the Constitution.
  • Also, areas that fall under the Inner Limit notified under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873, will also be outside the Act’s purview.

Why has the CAA been criticized by opposition parties?

India’s major opposition parties highlighted that the law is discriminatory as Muslims are not included in the list of immigrant communities that may benefit from the Act.

The opposition indicated that Muslims constitute around 15% of the Indian population, and the act excludes immigrants from that community. Therefore, it was criticized for being uneven.

The Indian government clarified that Muslims were not persecuted in the Islamic countries of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. The government said that the Act specifically provides relief to persecuted minorities; Therefore, Muslims were not included in the list of beneficiaries.

Conclusion

There were also widespread protests in the northeastern states of India. The protesters are of the opinion that these illegal immigrants will break the economic, social, and political fabric of the northeastern states. They can also be a threat to the employment opportunities of residents living in these areas. Its objectives and reasons clearly stated that such refugees who have entered India before 31 December 2014 need special statutory arrangements for their citizenship-related subjects. The Ministry of Home Affairs has not yet notified the rules that will make the Act operational. There are several petitions against the Act which are to be heard in the Supreme Court in January 2020.

E.LALITHA 

DIGITAL ECONOMY

 

The digital economy is the economic activity that results from billions of everyday online connections among people, businesses, devices, data, and processes. The backbone of the digital economy is hyperconnectivity which means growing interconnectedness of people, organisations, and machines that results from the Internet, mobile technology, and the internet of things (IoT). The digital economy is taking shape and undermining conventional notions about how businesses are structured; how firms interact; and how consumers obtain services, information, and goods.

Way Forward 

 Digital revolution must include communities and regions that were previously not part of
information and communication technology (ICT) advancement. 

 Sectors must be opened to new digital business models through reductions in regulatory
restrictiveness. 

 For countries to reap the digital dividend, there must be space for new digital competition,
experimentation, and entrepreneurship 

 Removing red tape that burdens digital entrepreneurs with unnecessary costs 

 Technological innovation is a boon for India, the only thing that matters is how much it is allowed to
change the economy.

  Government must formulate a new electronics policy, software product policy, and a framework for
data security and protection. 

 The focus needs to be on creating technology that is affordable, developmental, and digitally
inclusive. 

 The idea of setting up special innovative zones for start-ups must be explored. 

 Ensure a simpler tax compliance regime in order to further India’s Global ranking in ease of doing
business. 

 The need for internet and mobile application training aimed at less educated and the low-income
groups.

  Conclusion 

The digital economy could be an important vehicle for change and could dramatically expand
India’s role and influence in the global economy and become a powerhouse of digital innovation

E.LALITHA 

DOWRY

 


Dowry is an ancient culture. It has ever been an essential part of a marriage. It means money, in cash and kind, which is brought by a bride to her husband’s house. It was meant to help the newly-wedded couple set up a new home and live happily. Thus dowry was all right then. Even now, there is no wrong in giving dowry willingly and when it is within reach of the parents of the bride. But it is a curse when it is heartlessly pulled from them.

Causes of Dowry System in India

1. Greed Factor 

Dowry demanding often is exemplary of the collective greed of society. Extortion in the name of compensation, social standing for the cost of groom’s education, his financial stability is the major factor of Indian marriages.

2. Society Structure 

The Dowry system is entirely the manifestation of the patriarchal nature where men are taken to be at a higher level than women in aspects of mental and physical capabilities.

3. Religious Dictates 

Religious constraints imposed by society on marriage customs are a factor towards dowry issues. These constraints don’t condone inter-religious marriage or between different religious sects, and so limit the number of suitable matches.

4. Social Constraints 

Apart from a similar religious background, some constraints are imposed based on social status and the caste system. Practices such as clan exogamy and caste endogamy have to remember while arranging a match.

5. Social Status of Women

The inferior social standing of women in Indian society is so deeply rooted in the country’s mind, that this treatment as commodities is accepted with no question, not only by the family rather also by women themselves.

Legal steps against dowry

The dowry system is criticized daily by all, but nothing fruitful has been done so far. Anti-dowry bills have been passed. Laws against asking and attempting dowry have been made many a time, but the scandal remains unabated.

Conclusion

But law alone cannot do much. Society Must also come ahead to help itself. Proper education of the public mind in this matter through various means is required. Schools, colleges, and universities should hold seminars and discussions to consider the problem of dowry. The dowry system is sound when one takes it as a gift given to the bride by her parents. If the groom’s parents demand money to get married as a “dowry”, then that is entirely illegal and wrong.

E.LALITHA

Environment and Development

 Humanity is regarded as a biological entity by the environment as directly dependent on the natural world. Many vital resources on earth have to be exhausted if there is already deteriorating atmospheric chemistry and dangerous growth of human populations. Natural environments irreversibly destroy the foundation of a safe climate. All living things that live on this earth come under the environment. Whether they live on land or water they are part of the environment. The environment also includes air, water, sunlight, plants, animals, etc. Moreover, the earth is considered the only planet in the universe that supports life. The environment can be understood as a blanket that keeps life on the planet safe and sound.

If present growth trends in world population, industrialization, pollution, food problems and resource depletion continue unchanged, the limits to growth on this planet will be reached within the next one hundred years. The most probable result will be a rather sudden and uncontrollable decline in both population and industrial capacity.

International Agents and the Environment:

Since 1990 the World Bank and other international agencies have a formulated environment-related support programmes, i.e., programmes supporting development, while supporting the importance of the environment in economic development. The WB supports the sustainable development view.

First, it has highlighted the need for assessing all those projects which are expected to generate adverse environmental effects.

Secondly, poverty is found to be the major cause of environmental damage. The reason is that the poor people heavily depend on the environment.

The WTO has recognised the trade-off between trade and the environment and that environmental concerns could lead to protectionism. In spite of this the WTO supports the objective of SD and has been involved in assisting multilateral environmental agreements and increasing the awareness of links between trade and the environment.

The UN Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992—the Rio Earth Summit—leached agreements among 150 countries on reducing global warming by limiting atmospheric emissions by the year 2000 to their 1990 levels.

N.V. RAMANA

 President Ram Nath Kovind on April 6 appointed Justice NV Ramana as the 48th Chief Justice of India (CJI), accepting the recommendation made by his predecessor SA Bobde, who is due to retire on April 23. Justice Ramana, 63, who will take oath on April 24, will remain in office until August 26, 2022. It will be the longest tenure for a CJI in nearly a decade. Born on August 27, 1957, in an agricultural family in the Ponnavaram village in Krishna district of undivided Andhra Pradesh, Justice Ramana was a student leader during the nationwide Emergency in 1975. He lost an academic year too during his days as a student activist.

Justice Ramana worked as a journalist for a regional newspaper for two years before enrolling as an advocate on February 10, 1983.

As a lawyer, he practiced in the High Court of Andhra Pradesh, Central, and Andhra Pradesh Administrative Tribunals, and the Supreme Court of India in civil, criminal, constitutional, labor, service, and election matters.

He has specialized in constitutional, criminal, service and inter-state river laws, according to the website of the National Legal Services Authority, set up on November 9, 1995, to provide free legal aid to eligible candidates and organize Lok Adalats for the speedy resolution of cases. The CJI is its Patron-in-Chief.

Justice Ramana has also functioned as Additional Standing Counsel for the central government and Standing Counsel for Railways in the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) at Hyderabad, besides serving as Additional Advocate General of Andhra Pradesh.

DEPRESSION

 

Depression
(major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that
negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act.
Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or
a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of
emotional and physical problems and can decrease your ability to function at
work and at home.

Depression affects an estimated one in 15
adults (6.7%) in any given year. And one in six people (16.6%) will experience
depression at some time in their life. Depression can occur at any time, but on
average, first appears during the late teens to mid-20s. Women are more likely
than men to experience depression. Some studies show that one-third of women
will experience a major depressive episode in their lifetime. There is a high
degree of heritability (approximately 40%) when first-degree relatives
(parents/children/siblings) have depression.

CAUSES

The medical community does not fully
understand the causes of depression. There are many possible causes, and
sometimes, various factors combine to trigger symptoms.

Factors that are likely to play a role
include:

ü genetic
features

ü changes
in the brain’s neurotransmitter levels

ü environmental
factors

ü psychological
and social factors

ü additional
conditions, such as bipolar disorder

SYMPTOMS

People who have depression will experience
some or all of the following symptoms almost every day for at least two weeks:

 

ü Feelings
of hopelessness, helplessness, emptiness, worthlessness, or guilt

ü Low
energy, fatigue

ü Irritability,
restlessness, anxiety

ü Slowed
thinking, speaking, or movement

ü Loss
of interest in activities they once enjoyed

ü Trouble
concentrating, remembering, or making decisions

ü Loss
of appetite, or eating too much

ü Weight
gain or loss

ü Trouble
sleeping, or sleeping too much

ü Headache,
stomachache, and other aches and pains that do not have a clear physical cause

ü Persistent
sad or empty mood

Some people with depression will
experience many of these symptoms. Others will have just a few. The severity of
depression symptoms can range from mild to severe enough to impact the person’s
day-to-day life.

TREATMENT

The typical treatment for depression
includes antidepressants or other medications, psychotherapy (talk therapy), or
a combination of the two interventions. Personalizing treatment to the
individual can increase the chances that it will be successful.

Antidepressants are a class of drugs used
to treat depression. They include the following types:

ü Selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often the first drugs doctors
prescribe for depression. These drugs affect the chemical messenger, serotonin,
which helps to regulate mood. Low serotonin levels have been linked to
depression.

ü Serotonin-norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) work on two brain chemicals—serotonin and
norepinephrine.

ü Atypical
antidepressants act on the brain in a different way from other antidepressants.
These drugs may be an option for people who have not found relief from SSRIs or
SNRIs.

Sometimes doctors will prescribe another
type of medication—such as an anti-anxiety drug, antipsychotic medicine, or
stimulant—along with the antidepressant. Antidepressants can take up to four
weeks to start working. It can take a few tries to find the best drug and
dosage combination that will relieve your depression.

 

 

MSME

 

In India, MSMEs contribute nearly 8% of the country’s GDP, around 45% of the manufacturing output, and approximately 40% of the country’s exports. It won’t be wrong to refer to them as the ‘Backbone of the country.’ The Government of India has introduced MSME or Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in agreement with the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act of 2006. These enterprises primarily engaged in the production, manufacturing, processing, or preservation of goods and commodities.MSMEs are an important sector of the Indian economy and have contributed immensely to the country’s socio-economic development. It not only generates employment opportunities but also works hand-in-hand towards the development of the nation’s backward and rural areas. According to the annual report by the Government (2018-19), there are around 6,08,41,245 MSMEs in India.

Key Takeaways of New MSME Definition introduced in ‘Aatm Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan‘ or Self-reliant India Scheme 2020 by Government of India.

  1. Collateral Free Loans to MSMEs
  2. MSME Loans worth Rs. 3 lakh crore
  3. The moratorium period offered is 12 months
  4. Manufacturing and Service MSMEs shall be considered as the same entities
  5. Repayment Tenure of 48 months
  6. 100% Credit Guarantee
  7. To benefit approx. 45 lakh units

Features of Ministry of MSME (MoMSME)

  1. Works for the welfare of artisans and workers
  2. Provides credit limit or funding support from banks
  3. Promotes entrepreneurship development and skill up-gradation via specialized training centers
  4. Supports technology up-gradation, infrastructural development, and modernization
  5. Offers assistance for improved access to domestic and export markets
  6. Provides modern testing facilities and quality certification
  7. Supports packaging, product development, and design intervention


MSME was launched in 2006 to become an integral part of the supply chain for products and services; moreover, a creator of large-scale employment opportunities in rural India. MSMEs contribute to approximately 8% of India’s GDP, employs over 60 million people, has an enormous share of 40% in the exports market and 45% in the manufacturing sector.