Tribal settlements, villages and towns are the three main components of india’s social formation. a sharp distinction between tribal settlement and village and between village and town cannot, however be easily drawn due to some common characteristics shared by them. there are big tribal villages in some parts of the country and they are not significantly different from non tribal multi caste villages. distinctions based on kinship, wealth and power amoung some tribal villages are as sharp as we find amoung the non tribal villages. tribals are not theoritically a part of hindu social organisation, but they have always been in touch with wider society in india. they have been exploited economically and socially by the non tribals living in tribal areas. a number of tribes have revolted against their exploitation.

TRIBAL IDENTITY IN INDIA:

The state shall promote with special care the educational and economic intersects of the weaker sections of the people, and in particular, of the scheduled tribes and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. there are however, tribes which are not scheduled tribes and are generally weaker sections of india’s population like the scheduled castes. the tribes are backward particularly in regard to education and economic standing. they were exploited in the past, by the dominant sections of indian society, namely, hindu landlords, moneylenders and industrialists who purchased their lands to establish industries in tribal areas. forest produces which tribals bring to the market for sale, are bought at throwaway prices. a number of tribes have hinduised or converted to christianity or islam to break away from their tribal indentity, to get redemption from exploitation and to elevate their status and honour. sometimes it becomes difficult to draw a clear line between a tribal and a caste group. there are hunters and food gatherers amoung the tribals on the one end, and there are tribals settled in villages, practically functioning as caste groups on the other. a large number of tribals in india live in hilly and forested areas where population is sparse and communication is difficult. they are spread over the entire sub continent but are found mainly in the states of west bengal, jharkhand, orissa, chattisghargh, rajasthan, gujarat and maharastra.

DEFINING TRIBAL SOCIETY:

In tribal life the principal links for the whole society are based on kinship. kinship is not simply a principle of social organisation it is also a principle of inheritance, division of labour and distribution of power and privilages. tribal societies are small in size. they possess a morality, religion and worldview of their own, corresponding to their social relations. however some tribes such as santhals, gonds and bhils are quite large. the segementary systems have relations on a small scale. they enjoy autonomy, and are independent of each other in a given region. the principle of organic relationship explains interdependence of various caste groups upon eachother in social life. caste groups are heirarchally arranged on the basis of certain ascriptive criteria. these criteria do not apply to tribes in india. distinctions between folk, peasant and urban or between tribal, folk and elite are not very useful for the understanding of tribes in india. the tribes of jharkhand mobilised their members against their exploiters. they interacted with the administration, town elite, and outsiders. the jharkhand which contains numerous tribes, is a tribal cultural zone comprising several tribal sub cultures. the mundas, oraons, hos and santhals the major tribes of this region depend upon forest produce, settled agriculture, employement in industries, coal mines and governament jobs. some have settled in towns, others are in villages and some of the latter are economically very well off. thus tribal culture is in part a peasent culture and in part an urban culture. even the revival of tribal aboriginaliy has been expressed in the form of an instrument of protest against the external intrusions and impositions of rules and regulations. the tribals of jharkhand are peasents to a large extent and therefore their pesants qualities should become the basis to understand their economic problems.

TRIBAL SOCIAL STRUCTURE:

Lack of hierarchy amoung men and groups. communitarian basis of landholding. lack of distinction between form and substance of religion and a distinct psychological make up for enjoying life. tribes have been seperated from other social categories on the basis of these features. in india the british conducted a detailed enumeration of the tribals in the 1930s. the large tribes of india are the gonds of chattisgargh maharastra and andhra pradesh. tribes in india differ from one another in racial traits, language, social organisation, cultural patterns e.t.c the dominant racial type amoung tribes is the protoaustraloid.

It is a scientific discipline that studies mental states and processes and behaviour in humans and other animals. the discipline of psychology is broadly divisible into 2 parts; a large profession of practisioners and a smaller but growing science of mind , brain and social behaviour. the two have distinctive goals, training and practices but some psychologists integrate the two.

HISTORY:

In western culture contributors to the development of psychology came from many areas, beginning with philosophers such as plato and aristole. hippocrates philosophized about basic human temperaments and their associated traits. informed by the biology of his time, he speculated that physical qualities such as yellow bile or too much blood, might underlie differences in temparament. aristole postulated the brain to be the seat of the rational human mind and in the 17th century one of the scientist argued that the mind gives people the capacities for thought and consciousness the mind decides and the body carries out the decision a dualistic mind body split that modern psychological science is still working to overcome. therefore the principles of psychology defined psychology as the science of mental life and provided insightful discussions of topics and challenges that anticipated much of the fields of research agenda a century later. during the 1st half of the 20th century however behaviourism dominated most of american academic psychology. one of the scientist argued that psychology as a science must deal execlusively with directly observable behaviour in lower animals as well as humans emphasized the importance of rewarding only desired behaviours in child rearing, and drew on principles of learning through classical conditioning.

Leading the way of demonstrating the power of operant conditioning through reinforcement. behaviourists in university settings conducted experiments on the conditions controlling learning and shaping behaviour through reinforcement usually working with laboratory animals such as rats and pigeons. their work showed that social behaviour is readily influenced by manupulating specific contingencies and by changing the consequences or reinforcement to which behaviour leads in different situations. changes in those consequences can modify behaviour in predictable stimulus response patterns. likewise a wide range of emotions both positive and negative may be acquired through process of conditioning and can be modified by applying the same principles.

EVOLVING SCOPE AND STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE

The discoveries and advances of psychological science keep expanding its scope and tools and changing its structure and organization. psychological science consisted of a variety of specialized subfields with little interconnection. they ranged from clinical psychology to study of individual difference and personality to social psychology to industrial organizational psychology to community psychology to experimental study of such basic process as memory, thinking, perception and sensation to animal behaviour and to physiological psychology. the various subfields each with its own distinct history and specialized mission usually were bundled together within academic departments essentially a loose federation of unrelated disciplines, each with its own training program and research agenda. in early years psychology became an increasingly integrative science at the intersection or hub of diverse other disciplines, from biology, neurology, economics, to sociology and antropology.

Firstly let us know what is cybercrime? cybercrime is nothing but it is the criminal activity that either targets or compute, a computer network or a networked device. most but not all cybercrime is commited by cybercriminals or hackers who want to make money. cybercrime is carried out by individuals or organizations. some cybercriminals are organized, use advanced techniques and are highly technically skilled other are novice hackers.

As a business, your best bet against cyber crime is to prepare a solid incident response plan. often planning is not enough you should have the security staff and tools in place to execute it. an incident response plan, according to the SANS framework, includes:

PREPARATION: Codifying your security policy, indentify types of critical security incidents, prepare a communication plan and document roles, responsibilities and processes for each one. recruit members to your computer security incident response team and train them

IDENTIFICATION: Use security tools to accurately detect anomalous behaviour in network traffic, endpoints, applications or user accounts and rapidly collect evidence to decide what to do about the incident

CONTAINMENT: Isolate the affected systems, clean them and gradually bring them back online

ERADICATION: Identify the root cause of the incident, and do everything to ensure the issue does not repeat itself. fix broken security measures that let in the attackers, patch vulnerabilities, and ensure you clean malware from all endpoints.

RECOVERY: Bring production systems backup, taking care to prevent another similar attack. test to ensure that systems are backup and working as usual

LESSONS LEARNED: Up to two weeks after the incident review it with the team to understand what went well and what didnt and improve your incident response plan.

Actually there are 4 types of enterprenuerships. now let us discuss breifly about these 4 types of enterprenuerships.

SMALL BUSINESS: It represents the overwhelming majority of U.S enterpreneurial ventures. a small business could be any company.founder withou any inyention of growing the business into the chain. for example opening a single grocery store falls under the small business model creating a nationwide chain of grocery stores dosent small business enterprenuers usually invest their own money to get their companies off the ground, and they only make money if the business suceeds.

SCALABLE STARTUP: These startups are less common than small businesses, though they tend to attract a lot of media attention. these business begin on a very a very small scale, often as just the seeds of an idea. this germ is then nurtured and scaled typically through the involvement of the outside investors, until it becomes something much larger many silicon valley tech companies fall under this model they begin in an attic, garage, or home office before eventually scaling into large corporate headquarters.

LARGE COMPANY: Sometimes, enterprenuers work within the context of a larger, established company. imagine that you work at a large auto manufacturing company. through careful market research you realise there is a high demand for motorcycles and that your company has many of the technologies and process in place to branch into motorcycle production. you go to your boss and ask for the funding to launch a brand new motorcycle division and you are approved this is an example of what the large company enterprenuership model might look like in the practice.

SOCIAL ENTERPRENUERSHIP: The final model to consider is social enterprenuership which seeks innovative solutions to community based problems. social enterprenuers are willing to take on the risk and effort to create positive charges in society through their intiatives. in other words a social enterprenuer launches an organisation thats fundamentally about enacting positive social change not merely generating profits.

CHALLENGES FOR WOMEN TO SUCEED IN BUSINESS

Such progress is encouraging but there are still many challenges for women in business. some of the most common roadblocks that women enterprenuers face include:

DEFYING SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS: Too often enterprenuership is still considered a predominently male under taking.

ACCESSING NEEDED FUNDS: There remain significant funding gaps for women enterprenuers as compared to male enterprenuers women of color are at the greatest disadvantage of all.

BUILDING SUPPORT NETWORKS: In feilds that are still dominated by men can be difficult for women

BALANCING BUSINESS AND FAMILY: Remains a challenge for women particularly for working moms.

Globalization is a term used to describe the increasing connectedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies. globalization is an established part of the modern world, so most of us do not realise the benefits it brings to our everyday lives such as easy to acess to a variety of different cuisines or new technologies developed by developed countries half a world away. even though globalization makes our lives better, it does bring some challenges as companies start to grow and expand across borders. cultural differences around the world are undeniable. these differences create hurdles for business entering foreign markets and necessitate changes to their daily business operations, whether its employing workers in a new region or communicating the value of their product to a new audience.

It refers to an open flow of information, technology, and goods amoung countries and consumers. this openess occurs through various relationships, from business, geopolitics, and technology to travel, culture and media

EXAMPLES OF GLOBALIZATION:

because of trade developments and financial exchanges we often think of globalization as a economic and and financial phenonomenon. it inclues a much wider feild than just flowing of goods, services and capital.

CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION: refers to the interpenetration of cultures which, as a consequence means a nations adopt principles, beliefs, and customes of another nations, loosing their unique culture to a unique globalized supra culture.

SOCIOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION: It is the new organisation and heirarchy of different regions of the world that is constantly changing, moreover with transportation and flying made so easy and affordable apart from a few countries with demanding visas, it is possible to travel the world without barely and restrictions.

ECOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION: Accounts for the idea of considering planet earth as a single global entity a common good all societies should protect since the whether affects everyone and we are all protected by the same atmosphere. to regard this it is often said that the poorest countries that have been polluting the least will suffer the most from climate change.

Women’s empowerment equips and allows women to make life determining decisions through the different problems in soceity. they may have the oppurtunity to redefine gender roles or other such roles, which in turn may allow them more freedom to pursue desired goals. women empowerment has become a significant topic of discussion in development and economics. economic empowerment allows women to control and benefit from resources, assets, and income. it also aids the ability to manage risk and improve womens’s well being. it can result in approaches to support trivialized genders in a particular political or social content. while often interchangeably used, the more comprehensive concept of gender empowerment concerns people of any gender, stressing the distintion between biological and gender as a role. women empowerment helps in boosting the status of women through literacy, education, training, and awarness creation. furthermore, women’s empowerment refers to womens ability to make strategic life choices which had been previously denied them. it refers to increasing and improving the social, economic, political and legal strength of the women, to ensure equal right to women. women empowerment helps women to control and benefit from resources, assets, income and their own time, as well as the ability to manage risk and improve their economic status and wellbeing. many of the barriers to women empowerment and equity lie ingrained in cultural norms. many women feel these pressures while others have become accustomed to being treated inferior to men.

So firstly let us know why the music is very important in humanlife? once let us question ourselves why music is very important. it is very important in human life because it relaxes peoples mindsets. this music is also know as universal language of humanity. it has the power to bring positivity and entertainment in the lives of people. everyone loves music because it holds the power to transform the mood and bring a sense of relief in their daily life. we can get all answers to our unsolved questions through music. music can make a person until the end of their lives. it never leaves the person along during their difficult times in life. it plays an important role in the world as it helps us in easily expressing ourselves. it has different impacts on the daily lives of the people. there are different emotions attached to every kind of music as we can easily relate music with power to bring people together in different ways on several occasions. it can also be termed as a good source of communication. in our daily life there are certain feelings which we fail to express but through music all the missing words find its way and we can easily communicate our message to the people. we find the words to express either by writting songs or just listening to it. music can also be described as a theraphy for many people because it has the power to heal the problems of many people. there are many children with a learning disability who have responded to the music set pieces. music is a part of meditation in many workshops to make people positive and to make them aware of their emotions. music has an impact on everyones life in different ways in different phase of life. music can transform the emotions and feelings of the people within no time. it can lessen the stress, pain, struggle, distraction, and bring positivity and calmness in our daily life. music holds the power to bring people together in different ways. music can make us expressive and help us in understanding our feelings and emotions in a better manner. making art is an basic human function. for whatever reason we feel the need to leave a mark on the world. we have a burning desire to create, whether its a folk songs, rock art, or movies. having a carrer in music can be frustating and at times a discouraging affair. its easy to feel discouraged about it. truth is music is incredibly important to people. its important that people hear music, see music, learn music, play music, create music and teach music. making music is inherently worthwhile.

For the fact, actually for the average people youtube is enjoyable social platform where one can discover new artists, funny videos, and the cuttest puppy moment. fpr some people however youtube is also a place full of oppurtunity an area with an incomprehensible amount of audience reach. if you think like the latter we admire and relate to your perspective for your a marketer. while marketers understand that youtube is a frontier full of possiblities for their brand many also fear it, and we are here to help you tackle that fear. both an organic and a paid youtube presence are highly integral strategies for a marketer to adopt while aiming for overall brand growth.

youtube is the second largest search engine after google receiving traffic from almost one billion users a day. in fact the website generates more traffic than bing, yahoo. youtube also brings in over $4 billion each year in ad revenue, leaving users ample opportunity to make money with their videos. marketing through youtube creates credibility, authority, and delivers content that is more engaging to the viewer. there are many components that marketers must keep in mind in order to create quality content, and an overall positive youtube user experience. marketers must pay attention to the variety of components that go into marketing quality youtube content. marketers should be creating valuable, relevant videos that stay true to their brand.

It is the 2 nd largest search network, falling short only of its parents company. therefore being the 2 nd largest search network, this also means youtube is accessed an extensive amounts per day. you can only guess how important it is then for your brand to have some sort of presence on youtube. whether you solely have a channel where you upload videos highlighting your brand products, services, or you can also backup this organic presence with paid advertising efforts, youtube has become an important part of a companies marketing strategy.

while youtube remarketing can be used by most brands, big or small, it is a more affordable way to continue to nurture your audience on youtube. as a little refresher remarketing is a type of paid search campaign that allows you to re-reach. people who have visited and engaged with your website in any way with branded ads. you can not only retarget people who have watched your youtube videos or followed your youtube channel. its a great way to more affordably nurture brand awarness on youtube, it keep the competitors at bay, and push sales.

Basically many people will think that evidence is nothing but proof supporting a claim or belief. but for public health interventions, evidence typically refers to the effectiveness of an intervention in achieiving an outcome that will create lasting changes in the health of the population. this evidence is usually published in scientific literature such as in professional journals, books or governament reports.

As a result many public health professionals have found other ways to describe or demonstrate the effectiveness of their interventions. the terms best practise, promising practise, exemplary practise, and model intervention are also used interchangebly with evidence in publiv health settings. this recommendations may be based on evidence that the intervention has been developed, implemented and evaluted according to behavioral science theories or models that have been successfull in creating changes in health related outcomes in other communities. it may seems obvious that there must be a legal concept of evidence that is distinguishable from the ordinary concept of evidence. after all there are in law many special rules on what can or cannot be introduced as evidence in the court, on how evidence is to be presented and the uses to which it may be put, on the strength or sufficiency of evidence proof and so forth. but the law remains silent on some crucial matters. in resolving the factual disputes before the court the jury or at a bench trail the judge has to relay on extra legal principles.

After many years agriculture has been referred to as an ageing profession with a majority of young people choosing it as the last opinion. at previous years many of the people were thinking a lot for choosing agriculture profession because the people in the society were thinking that if they choose agriculture profession many of them would not give us value and they may degrade us. this is the inner feeling of the people to do not choose the agriculture profession. but now a days if we ask the people in their formative years what they want to be when they growup and intial answers like doctors, engineers, pilots, will most definely float in the air. this begs the question is agriculture not a good profession especially given in the growing global population that needs to be fed?

Agriculture is not only important in the provision of the nutrients to man, but also plays a key role in landscapes restatement. growing up in farm are fascinated everyday basis made him realise he was cut out to be a farmer. some young professionals draw a completely different pictures. main challenge facing in agriculture field is farmers really dont know the value of themselves. they would love to be independent but there is no way out of the system

It is nothing but state of industrial weakness or illness, that is the company fails to earn a reasonable profit. it is the continuos disportion in the debt equity ratio and falsification of the financial status of the industrial unit. it represents a stage where in the firm is not in a position to generate surplus on a regular basis and requires external credit, to survive in the market. when a unit is stick it shows signs of financial distress in the form of short term liquidity issues revenue and operating expenses.

CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL SICKNESS:

EXTERNAL CAUSES:

NON AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIALS: when the supply of raw materials are not available regularly or in a good quality, the industrial units are bound to be in trouble. this often occurs in case of supply of imported raw materials.

HIGH PRICES OF INPUTS: when the cost of manufacture are high and sales realisation are low, the industrial unit cannot stand in the market. this happens when the prices of inputs such as price of fuel such as petroleum during energy crisis goesup whereas the competative forces keep down the prices of the products.

GOVERNAMENT POLICY: excessive governament control and restrictions of capital utilization, location, product mix, product quality, prices e.t.c, comes in the way of smooth functioning of the firms and often result in sickness to the firm.

INTERNAL CAUSES

FINANCIAL PROBLEMS: these problems are generally faced by small units. often the financial base of the small units are very weak. they generally borrow from their own sources or bank rather than approaching market. generally they are unable to meet their debt obligations in time and these debts accumulate.

FACULTY PLANNNG: mistakes in the planning stage are a major cause of industrial sickness. choice of faculty location is one such mistake. in case the unit is located at a place where basic infrastructure facilities are not available serious problems can arise.

MISMANAGEMENT: faculty management decisions and actions are a common cause of sickness in the small scale sector. poor maintenence of plant and machinery, lack of quality control system, absence of inventory management are some examples of mismanagement.

Now a days online marketing has become more and more popular nowadays amoung business around the world. after discovering the wide benefits of online marketing in promoting products and services online, it has soon become the leading medium for marketing all over the world.

The process of promoting the business or brand and its product or services over the internet using tools that help drive traffic, leads and sale. internet marketing and online advertising efforts are typically used in conjunctionwith traditional types of advertising such as radio, television, newspapers and magazines.

Typically there are 5 methods of online marketing. they are email marketing, inbound marketing, pay per click advertising, search engine optimization and social media these all are as different as television and radio. but generally online marketing could deliver tangible benefits to the small busines

ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE MARKETING

1.CONVINIENCE AND QUICK SERVICE: the internet has extremely easy accessibility with consumers using the internet and reaching markets anywhere in the world. because of this, purchasing goods from across borders now reduces the cost of transportation for importers this is a huge advantage as it means they can order online right from the comforts of their home.

2.GLOBAL MAEKRTING: the ability to market your products and services globally is one of the biggest advantages of global markting for the business. within several months of aggressive SEO,we can secure millions of viewers and reach huge audiences from across the world.

3.24/7 MARKETING: this marketing reduces cost and runs around the clock. that is our marketing campaigns work for 24 hours and a 7 days in a week. compared to offline marketing this online marketing does not constrain with the certain opening hours and the closing hours.

4.INSTANT TRANSACTION SERVICES: executing transactions is easy and nearly instant online. we can do this through a digital payment service so that there is no need to go cash between marketer and the customer. this digital payment comes under the third party who takes care of online payments. it wont be related to marketer.

5.TIME EFFECTIVE MARKETING: when compared to offline marketing, this online marketing is easy to start and quick to implement. we can easily setup marketing timings as our wish. this is very useful to us.

This sale of immovable property is nothing but the transfer of ownership in exchange for a price paid or promised or partly paid or partly promised.it deals with the rights and duties of buyer and seller. in this sale of immovable property there are three requirements of laws that transfer of property by sale must take place with the help of validly executed sale deed ,by the transferor in writting is properly attested and registered.

In the case of tangible immovable property for example if we take the value which is morethan 100 rupees then this transfer can be made by only registered instrument. in the same example suppose if we take the value which is less than 100 rupees then this transfer may be either registered instrument or by the delivery of the property. this delivery of tangible immovable property takes place when when the seller places the buyer.

There are some essential elements for the sale of immovable property:

PARTIES: In this element there must be atleast 2 parties involved.which is the person who transfers his property is known as the transferor. and the person to whom the property is transfered is known as the transferee.

SUBJECT MATTER OF THE SALE: immovable property includes the benefits arrising out of land and the things attached to the earth except for standing timber, growing crops and grass.

PRICE OR CONSIDERATION: the price paid and the price promised to stand on equal footing as regards of the transaction of a sale there is nothing illegal, or contracy to public policy if the parties agree that the payment of the consideration shall be postponed in certain events.

REGISTRATION: the execution and registration of the sale deed, the ownership and all the intrests in the property pass to the transferee, yet that would be on terms and conditions embodied in the dead indicating the intention of the parties.

CONVEYANCE: there are 2 types in this conveyance. they are delivery of possession and the registration of the sale deed.

A.Delivery of possesion: this delivery of tangible property takes place when the sellers puts the buyer or such person as the buyer directs in the possession of the property.

B.Registration of sale deed: where the property is intangible immovable property of any valuation, it will require registration for completion of sale.