Green Revolution

The Green Revolution is actually a process of increasing agricultural production through modern machinery and techniques. It was a technology science based on research conducted between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production around the world, especially in developing countries, much earlier in the late 1960’s. HYV seeds have been used, increased fertilizer use and more technological methods to irrigate grain grain production.

Green Revolution in India
The Indian Green Revolution began in the early 1960’s which led to an increase in grain production, especially in the Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Significant milestones in this are the growth of highly productive wheat varieties. Green Revolution is a revolution in nature due to the introduction of new technologies, new ideas, new uses of inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilizers, irrigation water, pesticides, etc. As all of this was introduced suddenly and quickly spread to achieve amazing results is called the green agricultural revolution.

Mathematical Results
Recorded grain production in 1978-79 about 131 million tons occurred as a result of the Green Revolution. As a result, it made India one of the world’s largest agricultural producers. In India the Green Revolution has recorded a high level of success. India was also exported food grains at that time.

Economic Impact
The plant areas under this program need a lot of water, a lot of fertilizer, a lot of pesticides, and some chemicals. This has boosted the growth of the local manufacturing sector. Improved industrial growth has created new jobs and contributed to the country’s GDP. The increase in irrigation has created a need for new monsoon water dams. Stored water is used to generate electricity. All of this has led to industrial growth, job creation and improved living conditions for rural people.

Social Outcomes
This new technology uses regular water use, fertilizers, insecticides, high transportation costs, electricity, etc. Not only agricultural workers but also industrial workers found many jobs due to the construction of facilities such as factories, power stations, etc. re-supporting change.

Political Impact
One of the most important factors that led Mother Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) and her party to become the Indian National Congress, the most powerful political party in India, is the Green Revolution. India disguised itself from a starving nation and was exported for food. This has given India gratitude and appreciation from all over the world, especially from the third world country.

The downside of the Green Revolution
The negative social impact of the Reformation was also evident soon. Wage variance has been exacerbated by these new agricultural innovations. Wealthy landowners have control over agricultural inputs and improved chemical fertilizers. To make matters worse, poor farmers find themselves crippled by small farms and poor access to water. With comprehensive agricultural techniques and incorporation, Green revaluation was widely used on large farms.
As the collection of new technology on larger farms, inequality has improved dramatically. Poor farmers have been hit hard by the growing trend among wealthy farmers to seek out leased land under a lease agreement, which has made huge profits from high-yielding technology.
The poorer and more subsequent farmers’ category has been heavily influenced by the landless working class. Significant increase in high employment rates with increasing global value. And as a result of overuse of fertilizer the soil became alkaline or acidic depending on the type of fertilizer used.

Gender inequality.

Globally, women have fewer opportunities for economic participation than men, less access to basic and higher education, greater health and security risks, and less political representation.

Ensuring women’s rights and giving them access to their full potential is essential not only to achieving gender equality, but also to meet many international development goals. Supported women and girls contribute to the health and productivity of their families, communities and countries, creating a positive outcome that benefits everyone.

The term gender refers to the roles that have been created in society and the social obligations that it deems appropriate for men and women. Gender equality means that men and women have equal power and equal opportunities for financial freedom, education, and personal development. Empowerment of women is a critical factor in achieving gender equality. It includes developing a sense of femininity, her ability to make decisions, her access to opportunities and resources, her ability to control her life inside and outside the home, and her ability to make changes. But gender issues focus not only on women, but on relationships between men and women in society. The actions and attitudes of men and boys play an important role in achieving gender equality.

Education is an important area in which to focus. Although the world is making progress in achieving gender equality in education, girls still make up a higher percentage of out-of-school children than boys. About a quarter of girls in the developing world do not go to school. Often, families with limited means who cannot afford expenses such as school fees, uniforms and the provision of all their children will prioritize the education of their sons. Families may rely on girls’ chores to do household chores, fetch water, and take care of children, leaving limited time for schooling. But prioritizing girls’ education prioritizes one major investment benefit in developing countries. An educated girl is likely to postpone marriage, raise a small family, have healthy children, and send her children to school. He has more opportunities to earn money and participate in political activities, and he is less likely to become infected with HIV.

Women’s health and safety is another important area. HIV and AIDS have become a growing problem for women. This is not related to women with fewer health education opportunities, unequal power in sexual intercourse, or as a result of gender-based violence. Women’s health is also a major concern. In many countries, women have limited access to antenatal care, and they are more likely to have problems during pregnancy and childbirth. This is a big problem in countries where girls get married and have children before they are ready; often before the age of 18. Quality maternal health care can provide an important access point for information and services that equips mothers as informed decision makers about their own health and the health of their children.

A key focus on achieving gender equality is women’s economic and political empowerment. Although women make up more than 50 percent of the world’s population, they have 1% of the world’s wealth. All over the world, women and girls do many hours of unpaid homework. In some areas, women continue to enjoy land or property rights, access to credit, earn money, or relocate to work, without discrimination at work. At all levels, including at home and in public forums, women are highly represented as decision-makers. In the legislatures around the world, women outnumber 4 to 1, however, women’s participation in politics is essential to achieving gender equality and true democracy.

evolution of coins

COINS OF INDIA

Coins are pieces of metal that have been assigned a value and stamped with a designed approved by the governing authority. Coins are legal tender. The history of coins of India has evolved over time. Buying and selling began with cowrie shells and beads being used as money. This use of commodity money paved the way for the barter system. Coins evolved from the problems associated with the barter system. Precious metals were shaped and then struck with designs and marks so that they could be used as legal tender or coins in India. For convenience, they have been categorised into ancient , medival, coloniel coins.

The earliest coins of India were silver punch-marked ones. They were struck with individual punches bearing a design and were circulated in the Janapadas. Each Janapada had its own combination of punches. One of the peculiar punch mark coins is that of gandhara janpada. These coins were elongated and punched on each end with the six-armed symbol. Gold, copper, lead and billon coins soon came into circulation.

Coins tell a lot about the ruler who issued them. They speak of events that took place; they tell us the name of the ruler; some coins even tell us which year he ruled in. The designs are aesthetic. Coin in India depict the king, gods, goddesses, and other motifs while medieval ones issued by kings in North India bear inscriptions in Arabic or Persian and the ones in South India depict beautiful motifs coupled with legends.

During the British rule in India, currency slowly, but steadily shifted from precious metals to token currency. Coins of British India were minted in brass, bronze, aluminium, stainless steel, and other metals which were not deemed precious. The coins that we use today in India have a fascinating history. Mintage World is the perfect place to uncover it and learn something new.

COINS OF MODERN INDIA

Though India became independent on 15th August 1947, until 1950, when the constitution was formed, old British coins were still in use as frozen currency. The first Rupee coin of Republic of India was minted in 1950. Other denominations of coins of modern India were also produced like the 1/2 Re, 1/4 Re, 2 Anna, 1 Anna, 1/2 Anna & 1 Pice coins which are also referred as Anna series or pre-decimal coinage. In 1957, India shifted to the decimal system, but for a short period both decimal and non-decimal coins were in circulation.

To differentiate between the 2 pice, the modern India coins minted between 1957 and 1964 have the legend “Naya Paisa” (“new” paisa). The denominations in circulation were 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 (naya) paise and one rupee which remained as the same pre-decimal value.

The word “naya” was dropped in 1964. In this year a new denomination of 3 paise was introduced and in 1968 a 20 paise coin, both of which did not gain much popularity. Gradually in the 1970s, 1, 2 and 3 paise coins were phased out. An experimental set of 2 rupee coins were minted in 1982 to replace 2 Rs. Notes, which was not minted again until 1990.

In 1988 stainless steel modern India coins of 10, 25 and 50 paise, were introduced and in 1992 a new rupee stainless steel coin was minted which was much lighter than its earlier version. In the same year 5 Rupees Cupronickel coin was introduced and the most recent denomination of modern Indian coinage was the 10 Rupees coin which was minted for the first time in 2005.

As a mark of respect special coins were minted in memory of important events or personalities and these are referred to as commemorative Indian coins. Some of commemorative coins include coins depicting Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, Rajiv Gandhi, Dnyaneshwar, 1982–Asian Games, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Subhas Chandra Bose, Sri Aurobindo, Chittaranjan Das, Chhatrapati Shivaji and logo of 2010-Commonwealth Games.

DOWRY; the dark side of Indian marriages

Marriage in India is steeped in traditions and deep-rooted cultural beliefs. Practices are passed down by word of mouth and in some cases, re-interpreted to align with the changing times. There is, however, one custom that stubbornly resists change: the dowry system.

In India, it has its roots in medieval times when a gift in cash or kind was given to a bride by her family to maintain her independence after marriage. During the colonial period, it became the only legal way to get married, with the British making the practice of dowry mandatory. The trend in present India, with its booming economy, is now encouraging ever-higher bride prices among all socioeconomic strata. But the rising bride price has brought with it an increase in violence against women.

Dowry violence is usually perpetrated by the husband or the in-laws in a bid to extract a higher dowry from the bride’s family. The dowry price paid at the time of marriage may be significant, but the greed of husbands and in-laws can grow after marriage. This frequently translates into physical, mental or sexual violence against the bride. The violence ranges from slashing genitalia or breasts with razors to burning her alive by pouring kerosene on her. In some cases, women are driven to suicide.

Although seeking a dowry has been outlawed in India since 1961, the ban has been a challenge to enforce. An amendment to the law in 1986 mandated that any death or violence within the first seven years of marriage would be tried as related to dowry. The reality is that most cases of dowry violence go unreported.

Even today, over 90% of marriages are “arranged” by the parents of the couple, as has been the case historically. However, the fraction of marriages in which members of the couple have some say over who their partner is has doubled from around 20% in 1960 to 40% by 2005. Marriages are concentrated within small geographical areas. 80% of brides marry grooms who reside within the same district, and the average travel time between the houses of brides and grooms is approximately three hours. As has been the case historically, 95% of marriages are between individuals of the same jati (sub-caste group). The rate of inter-caste marriage in rural areas is approximately the same now as it was in 1950, while in urban areas it has only increased by around 2 percentage points.

The blowout of the dowry system forced the government to take action in the middle of the last century, introducing the Anti-Dowry Act in 1961 which outlawed the giving and receiving of dowries. After its introduction, the act received little support and was not strongly enforced, leading to a rampant and thriving illegal market for dowries.

It wasn’t until later in the twentieth century, when women’s rights groups were campaigning strongly against dowries and former Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi organized the marriage of her son without accepting a dowry from the bride’s parents, that the public took notice, leading to an amendment of the Anti-Dowry Act in 1989 and public enforcement of the law. Among other initiatives, the government established an all-female police taskforce in 1992, set up with the sole purpose of investigating dowry dispute-related abuse or deaths. There are now more than 300 of these police taskforces across the country

opeing of DEMAT account

A Demat account (short for Dematerialized account) is an account to hold financial securities (equity or debt) in electronic form. In India, Demat accounts are maintained by two depository organisations, National Securities Depository Limited and Central Depository Services Limited. A depositoty participants , such as a bank, acts as an intermediary between the investor and the depository.

The Demat account number is quoted for all transactions to enable electronic settlements of trades to take place. Access to the Dematerialized account requires an internet password and a transaction password. Transfers or purchases of securities can then be initiated. Purchases and sales of securities on the Dematerialized account are automatically made once transactions are confirmed and completed.

process:

Every news on the rise or fall in stock market arouses the interest of many. And the first step to take the plunge is to open a Demat Account.

A Demat Account is the medium through which one can hold stock market shares & other securities like Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), bonds, government securities, mutual fund units and exchange traded fund (ETFs). A Demat Account not only assures security of all such financial investments, but also facilitates ease of their handling & maintenance.

How to open a Demat Account:

Decide on a Depository Participant (DP), which is any authorized bank, financial institution or broker, with who you want to open a Demat Account with. The choice of a DP should ideally depend on the brokerage charges, annual charges &leverage provided.
Submit a duly filled account opening form and KYC form. Along with this, you will need to attach copies of –
PAN Card
Residence Proof
ID Proof
Passport-sized photographs

Do carry original copies of all for verification purposes. You will also need to give a cancelled cheque for dividend bank details.

You will then need to sign an agreement that will mention all the rules, regulations and rights associated with holding a Demat Account. Read them carefully and do not hesitate to clear all your doubts. When this is submitted to the DP, it will be signed by an authorized person and a copy of the same will be given to you.
When the account is opened, you will receive a unique Client ID from the DP. This, along with other details, will help you get access to your Demat Account online.
You will also be given instruction slips by the DP, which will be of use for depository services like transfer, purchase, etc.

Note that a Demat Account does not require any ‘minimum balance’ of shares or financial securities to be held in it. Also, you can hold more than one demat accounts linked to a single PAN. However, not with the same DP.

How to open a Demat Account online:

A request to open a Demat Account with any DP can be applied for online as well.

Visit your chosen DP’s website
Click on ‘open demat account tab and submit the following details
Name
Email ID
Mobile Number
One-time password (OTP) that you will receive
City
You will receive communication from the DP to get in touch with you for completing the above mentioned formalities and opening a Demat Account

DematAccount details

Your demat service provider needs to give you the following details:

DP ID
Beneficiary ID or Demat Account number
Power of Attorney (POA) number

These are especially helpful if you want to apply for an initial public offer (IPO).

nepotism: an unwanted tradition

Nepotism exists in Bollywood from decades but at that time there was nothing wrong as it was not brutal. The biggest reason of Nepotism currently is the huge flow of money as Bollywood movies are watched globally. It was during the Raj Kapoor era too but during that time it was on concentrating on one’s personal skills, hard work and the banner acted as the support. Today, the main ventilators for these called actors are the flag bearers who are in so much power that they can influence decisions.

If you see the case of Mahesh Bhatt, he gave some wonderful films like Saaransh, Naam, Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke, Dil Hai Ke Maanta Nahin (yes, he was also promoting Pooja Bhatt). He even roped in new comers like Anupam Kher in Saraansh and Rahul Roy-Anu Agarwal in Aashiqui., worked with Jugal Hansraj in Papa Kehte Hai, launched Mayuri Kango but later launching Emran Hashmi and making films not for cinematic glory but just to earn money. Dharmendra launched Sunny, Bobby and there is nothing wrong in it but he never used his influence or sidelined any actor from a Raj Kumar Santoshi film to take his son. If he would have done that Abhay Deol would also be in star list as he is talented. After 2000 film industry gained a huge corporate structure and started churning out loads of money globally certain production houses attained tremendous power and they started using it to churn out more money.

If Karan is launching someone, he is not doing it for charity. He is getting something in favor. These people are running an industry within themselves. The so called star kids are also keen to enter Bollywood because they know that by doing so they can achieve name and fame globally as the launch pad and the backing is present and even if they fail they will get more chances due to their background which does not happens with outsiders. It’s just like launching a new product in the market. If the agency has a great hold they will be easily doing it.

Today it is dangerous because these flag bearers don’t want anyone else to be in the race. They launch their relatives and backstab the talented ones.

The biggest example is that if SSR and Ranveer both were in contract, how can Ranveer be released for a Bhansali film. He too should have been blocked if you go as per the contract. He was not interested in small projects for a launch and who knows may have paid for getting the contract. Even the casting directors are paid in cash or kind and they too do favor to forward the profile of actors. If an actor refuses such big banners, even if a director refuses to make a film with a star kid and goes on with some talented actor, he will have to face a hell of problems. He will find it difficult to find financers, distributors, less availability of screens, find it hard to sell the music of his film. In one way as the underworld’s money was invested in 90’s they got the power and they misused it. In the same way these banners who hold more than 50 percent of the entertainment industry chain are misusing their powers.

Star kids will always get a slight preference as they are already backed up with the many different aspects of film making. Either they have to balance it out so that no one suffers or some small production houses should churn out movies with talented actors thereby creating a competition for the flag bearers.

Dharma Productions first hit film was Dostana which starred Amitabh and it took years to set up the banner. After a string of flops the banner gained heights after KKHH and with the huge global reach suddenly the numbers changed. Big production houses businesses are interlinked with each other and together can influence decisions, sideline people. Music Companies are also a silent flag bearer as Bollywood films largely depend on music.

If you call the offices of these banners and talk that you have a concept the answer you get is that we have our own team who looks after writing. So how will you get new talent and good stuff? Film industry should be for all who are talented. Talent should be the first priority; otherwise you will just be delivering crap. However these are my personal views as far I know Bollywood. It is not to favor anyone or to hurt the sentiments of anyone. Be it Bollywood or any other sector the selection criteria should be based on only one word and that is TALENT.

BOMBAY HC SEEKS STATE’S RESPONSE BASED ON THE PLEA AGAINST BAN OF 65 YEARS + MEMBERS ON FILM SETS

The Bombay High Court on Friday has seen that the state’s restriction on cast and group individuals over 65 years old from going to film sets during the Covid-19 pandemic is prejudicial.

The bench of Justice SJ Kathawalla and Riyaz Chagla was hearing a request recorded by 70-year-old on-screen actor Pramod Pandey, testing the rules given by the Maharashtra government on May 30, as per which no cast or crew member over the age of 65 years is permitted at film and TV sets.

The bench has guided the state government to document a sworn statement clarifying the “information, insights, or reports” for giving the prohibitory requests.

Pandey contended that he was truly fit, however the state was limiting him from working based on his age.

The legal advisor showing up for the state government, presented that the rules given by the state government was not biased, on the grounds that there were similar rules given by the Central and state governments which limited older individuals from venturing out aside from under excellent conditions.

The seat at that point questioned the state whether it had forced similar limitations on old individuals from continuing other professional work to which the state counsel said that they had not. Accordingly, government counsel Poornima Kantharia said that the rules permit castings to be done distantly by means of Facetime, Zoom, Skype and so on.

Yet, Justice Kathawalla stated: “The educated advocate for the state must be reminded that the on-screen characters performing little jobs are required to go to the studios and request for work to empower them to have their two suppers and no maker or chief is going to shoot their job by means of Facetime, Zoom, Skype and so forth.” The seat at that point requested the Maharashtra government to record a testimony expressing how a truly fit individual over the age of 65 years is told to live an “honorable life” in the event that he isn’t allowed to go out to earn a livelihood.

The court requested that the state explain whether any information/reports/measurements were thought about before giving rules prohibiting cast and crew over 65 years old from going to shoots. It likewise requested that the state set out in its sworn statement whether a similar age limit has been made appropriate to people going by public transport, to private employers and their staff, and to people permitted to go to marriage functions or funerals.

On Tuesday the Court had asked the state how a genuinely fit individual, over 65 years old, was expected to carry on with a noble life on the off chance that he was not permitted to go out and work for a living.

The Maharashtra government began its “Mission Begin Again” program from June 1, with an end goal to launch the slowed down economy activities. It permitted conveyance of unimportant merchandise, transport administrations, activity of workplaces with constrained staff quality and opening of all shops aside from those selling liquor items, among different measures.

PATRIARCHY

A society since ages dominated and narrated by men of the society can also be regarded as a Patriarchy. Hundreds of years ago females were not even considered eligible for voting and education too because of the belief that society and home can be run by mans only. Over the centuries we had seen the one roofed rule of males and not letting women do anything what males used to do. There’s a system that works accordingly with respect to males only in order to maintain the tradition.

A Father is believed to earn and feed their family with quality life. A father is expected to lead from the front and females to just stay at homes which compared to today’s world was a lot more worse. Society had also themselves set the definition of what it really means to be a man or women because of the barriers that are being set for both men and women but the barriers for women are much higher than those compared with men. Over the centuries there had been expectations for people to behave as per their gender otherwise there are whole lot of repucussions to it because being a man is not any compliment in the society but it’s a burden on a person because its not necessary that every man will behave as per the guidelines set by the society which questions about the masculanity of a man which directly indicates it as an insult to a man. Patriarchy is strictly followed throughout the world which shows the obsession towards it because handling the power only by one gender has been the ever since torture to the females. There’s a competition in the world full of patriarchy on how to become more of a man because the society teaches you that if you earn for the family and do all the works outside of home then you are considered to be a man because leading the house is only a man’s job and not a women’s . There’s a web which has stuck everyone into it and only one side is enjoying the party.

There are rules for males to follow like he is suitable for joining armed forces or suitable for 9-5 job with that he needs to be emotionally strong and stable because he cant cry or else he’s not a man and women are considered to be weak and emotional and cannot join services like armed forces because they are made to work in home only and growing up the kids. The stereotypes are such of high standards that in a film a dialogue is written ki Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota, now after listening to this the masculinity goes on top of the sky feeling that they are ultimate because nothing can hurt them and they are strong but no one except some people saw the other side of the story because many ones never wanted to. The other side of the story is that men cry, they do get hurt, they do feel things but the society never allowed them open up because it does not come under the definition of a man.

One more theory in today’s world also which never changed over the period of decades is that men are more eligible than women because if you see a graph of payment in every field then you will find that men are paid more than that of women because indirectly it’s the effect of patriarchal society.

Also women is not termed as eligible for a leadership role or they are restricted one limited role because in a patriarchal society the oppression of women is emphasized by this it means that they are pushed down or they are being restricted. Because all eyes are always on men like how do they progress and how do they help society in moving forward, all and all it is seen that they are seen as the developer of the society.

The black-and-white challenge

If you use social media specially Instagram, you might be aware about “the black-and-white” challenge. It has been almost a week since this challenge started, in this women post a black and white picture of themselves with the hashtag “challengeaccepted” or “womensupportingwomen” and nominating other womens to do the same. Many women took part in this including various celebrities. The hashtag “challengeaccepted” has been used for more than 5M times on Instagram.

This challenge has several theories. The earliest photo was by Ana Paula Padrao, a Brazilian jouranlist, she posted a photo on Instagram with the hashtag “women supporting women”. Later it was found that this challenge is connected to the Turkish femicide, hundreds and thousands of women are killed across the country.

Turkey has a history of domestic violence against women. The murder rate of women between 2002-2009 had a rapid increase of 1,400 percent. Women are treated brutally in Turkey and are considered inferior. Recently, in Turkey, a 27-year-old student Pinar Gultekin was murdered by her former husband. The woman was strangled and beaten to death by the man. Afterwards he tried burning her corpse, when he failed he threw the body in a dumpster and filled it with concrete. Later, the police said that this act was out of jealousy.

Although some say that this did not originate from Turkey, it originated from US.Wherever it originated from, it doesn’t take away the idea and motive behind this. Many celebrities have taken part in this such as Eliza Jane, Lisa Kudrow, Courteney Cox ,Sonal Devraj, Anushka Sharma, Katrina Kaif etc. The photos are accompanied by a caption about women empowerment and respect for women.

There are many criticizers of this challenge. They have used Twitter to criticize it, saying that posting a picture doesn’t solve the problem. This is not the first time the hashtag “challenge accepted” has trended. It came from time to time, different motive but same idea, i.e. to spread awareness. This challenge is all over the internet, let’s see how far it goes.

Meaning and classification of citizenship

Citizenship is the status of a person recognized by the law of the state. Citizen is a legal member of a sovereign state. The idea of citizenship has been defined as the capacity of individuals to defend their rights in front of the governmental authority.

According to Aristotle, citizen is he “who has the power to take part in the deliberative or judicial administration of any state is said by us to be a citizen of that state”. Vattal has defined citizens as, “the members of a civil society bound to this society by certain duties, subject to its authority and equal participants in its advantages”. “Citizenship”, according to Laski, “is the contribution of one’s instructed judgment to the public good”.
On the basis of these definitions we can mention here three important features of a citizen:
(1) The membership of the state.
(2) The social and political rights.
(3) Sentiment of devotion to the state.

There are two primary sources of citizenship:

Birthright in which a person is presumed to be a citizen if he or she was born within the territorial limits and naturalization, a process in which an eligible legal immigrant applies for citizenship and is accepted.

Classification of Citizenship
A person can be recognized or granted citizenship on a number of bases. Usually citizenship based on circumstances of birth is automatic, but in other cases an application may be required.

One of the most common paths to citizenship is jus sanguinis, which, from Latin, translates to ‘right of blood’. This describes a person whose parent, grandparent or other ascendant is already a citizen of a specific state separate from the country that the person was born in. In many jurisdictions such as Canada, Israel or Greece, jus sanguinis and jus soli are combined into one model.

Jus soli or ‘right of soil’ generally refers to the instance in which a citizen born within a country is given its citizenship. Sometimes, a person is given automatic citizenship of the state they are born in, however this is not the case everywhere or may be restricted to certain regulations. Jus soli originated from the United Kingdom .

Naturalisation is another common route to acquiring citizenship. This usually applies to those who have entered the country legally, through political asylum or have lawfully lived there for a specific period. For those becoming new citizens, it is customary to take a test demonstrating understanding of the nation’s laws, culture, tradition and language.

Citizenship by investment or Economic Citizenship

Wealthy people invest money in property or businesses, buy government bonds or simply donate cash directly, in exchange for citizenship and a passport.

Excluded categories.

In the past there have been exclusions on entitlement to citizenship on grounds such as skin colour, ethnicity, sex, and free status (not being a slave). Most of these exclusions no longer apply in most places. Modern examples include some Arab countries which rarely grant citizenship to non-Muslims, e.g. Qatar is known for granting citizenship to foreign athletes, but they all have to profess the Islamic faith in order to receive citizenship.

Indian Education System

Effective education system – A must for nation building

The current education system of India is considered as the education system of the dependent period. It is regarded as a gift of British rule. This system was born by Lord Macaulay. Due to this system, even today, clerks and babu with white collars are being incurred. Due to this education system, the physical and spiritual development of students is not possible.

Ancient India

Education was of great importance in ancient times. The emergence of civilization, culture, and education was first in India. In ancient times, the place of learning was Gurukul of the forests far away from the cities and noise. Sages and sages operated these gurukuls. In ancient times, students practiced celibacy and received full education only by sitting at the feet of their guru. Some similar schools were Taksha Shila and Nalanda. Foreigners also used to come here to get an education. Then came the medieval era when India had to suffer a long period of subordination. Arabic-Persian education spread during the Muslim era. When the 18th and 19th centuries came, only the rich and the feudal could accept education. Female education was almost over.

A need for New Educational System

India became independent on August 15, 1947. The attention of our masters went towards the modern education system as the British education system was not compatible with our education system. Gandhiji had said about education that education means the development of all physical, mental, and moral powers in children. Several committees were formed to improve the education system. A vast scheme was devised by the committee, which could spread 50% education within three years. Secondary education was created. Efforts were made to solve the problem of the university itself. Later the Basic Education Committee was formed to promote basic education in India. Primary education among children was made compulsory due to the recommendation of the All India Education Committee.

Establishment of Kothari Commission

To bring changes in the field of education, the Kothari Commission was established. This commission recommended implementing the new scheme at the national level. The discussion of this scheme was long-lasting. This system was implemented in many states of the country. This system will lead to general education in the tenth grade for ten years.

In this, all the students will study the same subjects. In this course, two languages, mathematics, science, and society, will be considered on five topics. But students should also be familiar with physical education. After the seventh examination, students will study different subjects. If he wants, he can take science; take commerce and even craft for industrial work.

Benefits,

The new education system has been created, keeping employment in front. We often see that people attend universities and colleges, but they are not interested in studying. Such people create indiscipline and anarchy in society. We will benefit from the new education policy that such students will remain till the tenth and they will not be able to take admission in the college.

Eligible students will be able to get admission in colleges. After completing the tenth, students will be able to get employment by taking admission in diploma courses. But if we want to make the new education system successful, then diploma courses will have to be opened from place to place so that students do not run towards colleges after completing the tenth standard.

Defects,

One can find a lot many issues in the Indian education system that hinders the proper growth and development of an individual. The main disputes and problems with the Indian education system is its marking and grading system. Students’ intelligence is judged from a three-hour paper, not its practical abilities. Its ability to cram is appreciated, not actual knowledge.

Another issue is that the focus is only on theory. No importance is given to practical education. Our education system encourages students to become bookworms and does not prepare them to deal with the real problems and challenges of life.

Such importance is given to academics that the need to involve students in sports and art activities are ignored. Along with studies, students are also dominating. Regular exams are conducted, and students are examined at every step. It creates intense tension in the students. When they go to higher classes, students’ stress levels keep increasing.

The need to change the Indian education system has been emphasized many times. However, little has been done in this regard. It is time to understand the importance of improving the old system for the better future of children and the whole nation.

Here's why India needs to re-engineer the education system ...

Traveling a Tour: It Refreshes the Mood

25 Fun and Unusual Facts About Traveling Around the World

Human nature is curious. The curious tendency of humans has also worked behind the urge to travel abroad. One of the significant benefits of traveling is maintaining internal freshness.

Too often, people sink into life, the daily routine of work, sleep, food, and life. They absorb so much that people feel fatigued. It affects their health, happiness, and future. Are you also feeling bore from your daily routine works? Do you want to be refresh and energize? Read this post to know more.

Today, tourism is also influencing by the same old maneuvering tendency of man. There is such a difference between the earlier tourist facilities and today. Today tourism is not as troublesome as the stroller of ancient times. Tourism has become very accessible due to the inventions of science, means accessible by the magical power of exploration.

Today, tourism has developed into a national and international industry. A lot of online facilities have been evoked for booking of the plane, train, car, etc. This makes the journey easy and comfortable. Ministry of Tourism has been set up in the country and abroad to spread this industry.

Significant tourist destinations are being developed for the convenience of tourists all over the world. A variety of events also organize to encourage tourism, such as the arts of a particular place of a country, artistic scenes, exhibitions of cultural institutions, etc. Attainment of bliss, peace of curiosity, rising income, besides these, there are many more direct and indirect benefits of tourism.

An understanding of internationalism is born through tourism: develops. Love and human brotherhood flourish. Civilizations and cultures introduce. Tourism makes a person learn to get out of his shell. Tourism also removes the boredom caused by the continually living in the same environment at the same place.

The importance of tourism has been recognized in every country. In the modern era, the scheme of tourism is embedding in every educational system.

People have been a lover of tourism since time immemorial — the human civilization results from its prototype. As the name implies, tourism means cruises in national and abroad. Tourism is not objective.

The motivation of tourism develops for political, religious, cultural, commercial, business, etc. for many reasons. Besides these, entertainment, research, study, recovery, or other personal reasons also are the core of tourism. The journey of citizens between all civilized countries of the world for cultural exchange is now a daily routine.

Students from one country go to another country for studies. Such visits also serve personal purposes and national objectives. The spirit of country philosophy is of paramount importance in tourism. Stealing the beautiful hues of nature in the heart, to satisfy the eye and the mind, the adornment of the cities, buildings, forests, etc., gives enjoyment in life.

It is also essential for us from another viewpoint. The particular emphasis is promoting tourism in developing countries. That is why India got an excellent opportunity to adopt and promote tourism as an industry. India possesses a vast tourist land, and there is much potential for developing tourism here.

India has many attractions for foreign tourists. From the last few years, the number of foreign tourists has been increasing significantly, yet there is a possibility of further increase. However, limited resources are an obstacle in developing tourism like accommodation, transportation, entertainment, safety, etc.

It did not increase here. However, it can be overcome in the short possible time with organized efforts. The government plans to build and expand hotels at tourist destinations and other essential places. The world is vast, and billions of people who live their lives every day and have their own unique experiences.

It is just a better feeling: to go to another country, and see how people live differently, speak differently, look differently. In this way, it can understand how big and crazy our world is in it. Besides, it enables a person to know of the diverse people living in the world. You cannot appreciate a work of art created by masterful hands until you visit places and things.

A visit to the place gives practical knowledge about outstanding places, people, things and the nature of people. Memories of the past flit through the mind when you visit some monuments. Also, when visiting places, the vision of the individual increases, just as sitting in a small place limits vision.

Another benefit of traveling is observing your own country differently. This is made possible by comparing the local and foreign location. Sure, this is possible only by traveling. A journey to unknown places creates new perspectives and inspiration.

Away from home, people realize what “home” is and what it means. Traveling is always beneficial for the person experiencing it. Traveling brings a person out of the routine zone, away from the usual works and ways of doing things.

It allows them to adventure, to live a full life, to make the most of this precious opportunity, and to devote time to discover new things and meet new people.

Traveling is the perfect entertainment for people of all ages. Also, it helps people better understand themselves, their beliefs, and their lives. However, it also better realizes the world in which they live, even if it is outside their immediate surroundings. It can even help a person connecting to various people living in the world.

It is useful as traveling, allow seeing a new place for the first time or returning to your favorite. People from all over the world, visit nationally and globally for various reasons – mainly for a profession, family, and recreational purposes.

Whether by a different mode of travel like a plane, by train, by boat or by car, traveling is generally a pleasant experience. There are other travel benefits worth mentioning and trying out.

These 5 Expert Tips Could Help Keep You Safe on Your Solo Travels

Faith: Is the knowledge that things will get better.

Faith and belief is a way of considering or believing in anyone. Mostly faith word is used for God or any unseen power or any spiritual person. Since its origin of this earth, human used to follow the faith system or God or any blind faith.

People have different faith in different power from time to time. Faith depends upon their belief and understanding. Faith always plays a crucial role in our day-to-day life.

What is Faith?

This word “faith” can be explained in many ways. The meaning of faith is different according to the uses of the word. In a simple concept, we know faith as confidence or belief, which can be on anyone or anything.

Is most of the cases it faith refers to a religious system in the world. In old times and current time, belief and faith are common, and people have faith in God, and some do not have faith in God.

Types of Faith

Nowadays, there are various types of faith and belief in the world. Many religions and non-religious people also have faith and trust in someone. The trust and faith is an idea of believing to anyone without seeing that.

1. Blind Faith

The term of blind faith used when someone believes with no reason and evidence and any logic. There are some reasons on the side but not having any base of that. This is a traditional faith which people follow.

For example, if someone says that this doctor is right, then others will believe in their statement without checking and with no reason. Mostly in blind faith, it happens, and people follow blindly.

We observe this blind faith in the religious field. If any spiritual leader explains anything to their follower with no philosophy and reason, their followers will trust and trusts him blindly. If anybody raises the cross-question against him, they become an enemy of that person. So it is called that blind faith is perilous.

In Indian reference this is common. We usually see that a person killed someone or his kids as a sacrifice before the idol goddess on the advice of any priest. This is because he has faith in that person blindly. Here, they not used their mind and logic.

2. Religious Faith

We relate this faith and belief to any religion. In this faith, people of a particular religion have faith in their system of religion and its natural or supernatural power. This is a spiritual belief of this faith. There is a unique type of religion in the world. Followers of this religion follow their system and believe in God and its power.

In religious belief, people follow the rules because they have faith. For example, Christians wear the cross symbol mostly because of having faith in it. In Islam, also people use a cap or cover his head during the prayer and having a beard. Women used to wear a unique dress to cover the complete body as they believe in the ruling of a religious system.

Benefits of faith

Faith, whether it is religious faith or blind faith, it has some common positive characteristics which provide the right thing and guidance to the followers.

1. Increase Unity

If some people or group of people having faith in anything, then their unity increases. They collect at a place on a particular time for any meeting, spiritual conference and teaching classes.

They discuss together and solve the issues related to their belief and their group or community. So we can see it that unity increases the unity between the people.

2. Increase Hope

Hope increases the hope is the key to faith. If faith has its existence, then the hope exists there. Without hope, faith is not valid and meaningless. Followers or believers accept the rules and religious cultures because they see the glimpse of hope it.

Hope is there in many faiths. In blind also people keep their promise. In religious, also people have great faith for their wishes and betterment of the world and humanity.

3. Provides Inner strength

Faith and trust provide a lot of moral support and inner satisfaction and power. The faith and trust provide the opportunity to be selfless and to be helpful for others. The faith offers to the people to see and search for life and the purpose of life.

Importance of faith

Faith is essential in life. Nobody can ignore faith. People have faith, and trust in any object, people, natural or supernatural powers, religion. Faith and belief are a natural and God gifted quality and requirement of the human.

Faith is essential for life. The human came in the world and living here for any definite purpose, and they have the faith they by doing this, they can go ahead. They always keep a hope of faith that this thing will help him or will support him.

Faith is essential for development. Faith is a pillar of growth. If people have faith in any system, they follow the policy of that object conscientiously to fulfill the purpose of that task. Suppose if anybody has the principle that by listening to any poem or verses of any teaching of any religion, then he will seriously with great hope.

eople in religious faith follow the rules of their religion because of faith. But some people or group of people change the system and rule in the manner as per their wish. Faith is always giving hope and confidence, whether it is blind faith or religious faith.

At last, it can be seen and analyzed that the word faith is interesting and helpful for all of us. Faith connects every person in the world. Any individual, student, Army, spiritual leaders and religious member all are involved in the system of faith.The category or types of faith depends upon the follower. In the world, everybody should have faith and trust. Without this, they cannot live positively, and their life will become worse and hopeless. Hopelessness is a curse.

Overpopulation: What can we do?

Many countries of the world are currently experiencing problems caused by rapidly growing populations in urban areas, and both governments and individuals have a duty to find ways to overcome these problems.

Overpopulation can lead to overcrowding and poor quality housing in many large cities. Poorly heated or damp housing could cause significant health problems, resulting in illness, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. Another serious consequence of overcrowding is a rising crime rate as poor living conditions may lead young people in particular to take desperate measures and turn to crime or drugs.

In terms of solutions, I believe the government should be largely responsible. Firstly, it is vital that the state provides essential housing and healthcare for all its citizens. Secondly, setting up community projects to help foster more community spirit and help keep young people off the street is a good idea. For example, youth clubs or evening classes for teenagers would keep them occupied. Finally, more effective policing of inner city areas would also be beneficial.

Naturally, individuals should also try to address these problems. One way is to put pressure on the government to ensure they tackle the problems by, for instance, forming action groups to lobby the government and request intervention and adequate funding. They could also form Neighbourhood Watch areas to try and help reduce the high levels of crime.

Therefore, it is clear that the problems caused by overpopulation in urban areas are very serious. Yet if governments and individuals share a collective responsibility, then it may well become possible to offer some solutions.

Actions on the individual level

Have fewer children! One is good, two is enough
Consider adoption!
Read, educate yourself about population issues
Reduce your personal consumption: go vegan, limit flying, share your household with others,
Educate your teenage child(ren) about sex and contraception early, without taboos
Spread your knowledge and concern among your friends and family, raise awareness about overpopulation on social media
Donate to family planning programs in your own or other countries – for example to International Planned Parenthood, FP2020 or another equally deserving organization
Vote for politicians who acknowledge the detrimental impacts of population growth and propose political solutions

Actions on the community level

Join local environmental groups, encouraging them to “connect the dots” between population and the environment and address population issues
Write opinion pieces for local newspapers, contact local media sources requesting more reporting on population issues – create demand!
Municipalities should set growth management boundaries, discouraging sprawl development on their fringes
Towns and cities should purchase surrounding lands, or the development rights to such lands, in order to set them aside as nature preserves and open space
City councils should pass resolutions accepting limits to growth, and directing their national governments to develop policies to stabilize or reduce national populations

Actions on the national level

In high fertility developing countries, governments should:

Generously fund family planning programs
Make modern contraception legal, free and available everywhere, even in remote areas
Improve health care to reduce infant and child mortality
Restrict child marriage and raise the legal age of marriage (minimum 18 years)
Introduce obligatory education as long as possible (minimum until the age of 16), and generously fund the necessary infrastructure

In low fertility developed countries, governments should:

Embrace rather than fight aging and shrinking societies – read more
Reorganize pensions and other socio-economic systems to accommodate aging societies
Eliminate baby bonuses, government funding for fertility treatments, and other incentives to raise fertility rates
Reduce immigration numbers (at least to a level that will stabilize national populations, preferably to one that will lower them)
Reduce resource consumption and pollution through an effective mix of taxes, incentives and regulations

In every country, governments should:

Empower women, assuring equal rights, treatment and opportunities for both genders
Provide information and access to reproductive health care, including all types of low cost, safe, effective contraception
Make sterilization free, for men and women, or at least covered under all healthcare plans
Legalize abortion without restrictions or social stigma
Integrate family planning and safe motherhood programs into primary health care systems
Make population and environmental issues and sex education part of the basic educational curriculum
Disincentivize third and further children non-coercively, by limiting government support to the first two children
Create a national population policy built around an optimal population size, and work to achieve it
Set aside half the national landscape free from intensive development and dedicated to biodiversity protection

Actions on the global level:

Make “ending population growth” one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals
Greatly increase the amount of foreign aid going to family planning
Change the current foreign aid distribution, giving more support for health and education, while ending international military aid
Global religious leaders should approve modern contraception methods and forcefully reject a fatalistic view of procreation
Financially support media programs designed to change social norms to bolster family planning, best example is Population Media Center
Hold a new global population conference, the first in twenty-five years, to reaffirm the ecological need to limit human numbers and the basic human right to family planning
Connect family planning to international environmental and development funding; e.g., include family planning in the Green Climate Fund
Create a new global treaty to end population growth, with all countries choosing population targets every half decade with a plan on how to achieve them (similar to the NDC format)
Create an online platform similar to the ClimateWatch platform, where visitors can see countries’ goals, plans and achievements to date.

In Case You Missed It: Population Control News from Around the ...

Child trafficking: Any fight worth fighting is worth taking a few hits over!

Child trafficking

Justice will not be served until those who are unaffected are as outraged as those who are.”
– Benjamin Franklin

Trafficking in children is a global problem that has serious consequences to the present and future generations. An estimated number of 1 to 1.2 million children is trafficked globally annually (Beyrer 2004). The global trafficking industry is estimated to have a turnover of more than $10 million and 50 percent of this is child trafficking (UNICEF 2005).

Children are sold as commodities in this web of international trade. They are sold in foreign countries or internally usually from rural to urban areas. The enslavement of children results in millions of victims who are abused, smuggled and traded. These victims face cruel assault on their security and solemnity.

Child trafficking violates many core human rights, as it is a severe attack on human dignity. These children become victims of different forms of exploitation like sexual exploitation, forced labour, removal of organs etc. (Larsen 2011). Sexual exploitation of children being trafficked is a major problem is regions like Southeast Asia (Rafferty 2007), EU (Staiger 2005), Canada (Grover 2006), etc.

One of the main issues related to trafficking of children is how rampant is the problem and the identification of the victim. Further, trafficking of children poses concern for policymakers from both the countries where trafficking occurs and those where these children are trafficked.

Issues related to the prevention and subsequent rehabilitation of the trafficked children is observed in many developed countries. This paper discusses the various facets of child trafficking and its related issue of sexual exploitation of the trafficked children. Further, the paper sheds light on the trafficking of children in Canada.

In order to understand the problem related to child trafficking it is necessary to define the term trafficking. Trafficking is defined under Article 3 of the United Nations Protocol as the process of “recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion … for the purpose of exploitation.” (UNICEF 2005:11)

The definition clearly identifies the process of trafficking as a serious impingement to human rights and as an illegal activity. Further, the protocol clearly identifies the case of child trafficking as different from that of women or male adult trafficking, as it concerns a minor.

The nature of the trafficking crime becomes more intense as a minor gets into the trap of the trafficker due to deceit. The nature of exploitation of the children trafficked are varied in nature. According to the protocol exploitation is defined as “at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs” (UNICEF 2005:11).

The exploitative nature of child trafficking makes it more severely inhuman as an activity. Trafficking is a criminal act even though the definition many times does not explicitly mention it to be illegal. There is a definite lack of proper identification and data maintained for the number of trafficked children, but the number is huge and it is increasing consistently every year.

The exploitative nature of trafficking is abundantly clear. Children are trafficked for various exploitative purposes that include forced labour, sexual exploitation, marriage, domestic labour, military recruitment, and most heinously, for their organs. However, most of these children are trafficked for SEX trade.

An estimated number of 1.8 million children in 2000, according to International Labour Organization (ILO), are traded into prostitution or pornographic industry. (UNICEF 2005; Staiger 2005) These children become victims of extreme form of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse.

Children are widely being recruited in conflict zones in armies or militia (Beyrer 2004; UNICEF 2005). The role of the children varies in such outfits where they work as soldiers, cooks, messengers, porters or sexual partners. Girls in conflict zones are extremely vulnerable to sexual abuse. Children join such outfits due to extreme poverty or are abducted.

In EU, children are trafficked for sexual exploitation from Central and Eastern European countries (Staiger 2005). Children above the age of 14 years are forced by poverty or gender related factors to succumb to traffickers. For instance, trafficking of Nepalese girls for sexual exploitation is largely related to domestic gender differences (Rafferty 2007).

In such countries, children are recruited mainly through the Internet, and transported to the EU countries. Germany is one of the destinations for children trafficked for sexual exploitation from Czech, Russia and Ukraine (Staiger 2005). Italy, Greece, and Belgium are destination for Albanian kids to be trafficked (Staiger 2005).

Why there is a rise in global trafficking of children? The reason lies in the widening gap between the poor and the rich, as the latter has access to greater chunk of the already scarce resources. The structural reasons that are driving child trafficking is demand for cheap child labour, especially those who can be controlled and continuously monitored.

An ILO estimate reveals that in 2003 there were 8 million children living under debt bondage mostly due to trafficking (Beyrer 2004) and more than 2 million children trafficked globally are exploited for sexual labour (Rafferty 2007). Omnivorous sex trade is also in demand, but girls are mostly in demand among traffickers as heterosexual sex trade has a greater demand. Sexual abusers may be paedophile abuser, prostitution, pornographic industry, and sex tourism (Rafferty 2007).

Canada, like many other developed countries, is destination for child traffickers. Children are brought in the country in crowded cargoes in ships in inhuman condition without food or water or ventilation (Grover 2006). These children are forced into prostitution or in the pornographic industry. However, there is an increasing problem of identification of these children. Further, the Canadian government is yet to provide a refugee status to the child victims of trafficking that add to their woes, even after they are rehabilitated, in a foreign land (Grover 2006).

A video report on child trafficking and child sex industry in Cambodia shows how young girls are lured into the sex industry (Journeyman Pictures 2007). The video demonstrates how the children are driven into prostitution at an early age of 10 years.

The video shows mostly the mothers sell their young daughters into the sex industry and it is due to poverty. the report shows that though it is believed that the Cambodian child sex industry developed due to demand from foreign tourists of virgins. But actually, Cambodian men demand for virgin girls, for which this industry developed.

Child trafficking is a growing problem globally. The way to counter is not only identification of the victims but also through prevention of the incidence of trafficking. In many cases the children are so brutally abused and traumatized, rehabilitation is of hardly any use to them.

The aim should be preventing and absolutely doing away with child trafficking rather than identification and protection of victims. However, it is difficult for the government to prevent or stop trafficking for sex trade for a few reasons. First as it is difficult to ascertain the age of the trafficked person and the reason for which she is trafficked.

Rate this:

Rate this:

COINS OF INDIA

COINS OF MODERN INDIA

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Ancient India

Establishment of Kothari Commission

Benefits,

Defects,

Rate this:

Rate this:

What is Faith?

Types of Faith

1. Blind Faith

2. Religious Faith

Benefits of faith

1. Increase Unity

2. Increase Hope

3. Provides Inner strength

Importance of faith

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this: