It’s quite enthralling to watch Detective Charles Boyle’s character from the famous comedy show Brooklyn Nine-Nine defining his love for ‘genuinely satisfying’ food with the help of his gifted sensory characteristics and his incredible ability to rate the overall acceptability and rank of a restaurant’s special food dish. Truly, the art of rating a food item based on various sensory parameters like taste, smell, flavour, aroma, mouthfeel and numerous other qualities which make up a food connoisseur’s review of what how good and proper dish is, is delicate as well as intriguing. This also covers identifying the aspects and suggesting near-exact methods used to prepare the dish to perfection. The amount of a particular ingredient in the food item, the time for which it was cooked, if it was cooked in the right temperature and heat, if the procedure or recipe of the item was perfectly followed, whether and if yes, what innovation was added to the dish, whether that enhanced the sensory appeal of the dish, and if yes, what particular characteristic of the added component elevates the overall score of the complete dish, how different spices blend in together to bring out a pleasant taste to the dish, how their quantity affects the palatability of food, and oodles of other intricate but important factors that come into play when we ‘sense’ a dish. Identifying and judging all these complex parameters, separating each parameter and combining different flavours that generate one bite of the food is extremely arduous. This is when sensory evaluation experts come into existence. These members are highly trained till they develop consistent and accurate results of the sensory aspects of any food item. They are expected to rate a new food product to estimate how general public’s sensory appeal to the product might be. Their ratings and scores are also helpful to spot loopholes in a food item’s recipe, design or product packaging and improve them to get a good acceptability score. Why is sensory evaluation such an important part for consumer foods? A lot goes into a dish from when a product idea is conceived in the kitchen to its design, creation and finally large-scale production for commercial consumption. Thus, its sensory properties are critical in establishing its potential and continued success, apart from brand and product acceptance and outreach in the market. A sensory panel performs objective tests for the evaluation of sensory attributes of a food item.

What is sensory evaluation?

According to an article in Nature journal, ‘Sensory evaluation is a science that measures, analyses, and interprets the reactions of people to products as perceived by the senses.’ Another article in Elsevier defines it as ‘a systematic study of human response to physico-chemical properties which make it possible to obtain information about the sensitivity of human sense and about the four dimensions of sensory perception, that are, quantitative, qualitative, temporal and hedonic dimensions.’ A sensory panel performs objective tests for the evaluation of sensory attributes of a food item. These include discriminative, descriptive, scoring, preference, sensitivity tests. Qualitative tests are based on aroma, appearance, flavour, oral texture, geometry, fat content characteristics, while quantitative tests follow descriptive panels to measure a product’s sensory characteristics and are preferential and acceptance-based.

Thus, a sensory panel is trained to be intelligent and serious, possess discriminative stimuli, express sensory perceptions verbally, work as team and be flexible and memorize sensory information. Sensory perception of a product throws light on its important but unnoticed characteristics which go a long way to make its place in the market and be liked and sought after by the common consumer for its special and peculiar attributes.

Corruption refers to a form of criminal activity or dishonesty. It refers to an evil act by an individual or a group. Most noteworthy, this act compromises the rights and privileges of others. Furthermore, Corruption primarily includes activities like bribery or embezzlement. However, Corruption can take place in many ways. Most probably, people in positions of authority are susceptible to Corruption. Corruption certainly reflects greedy and selfish behavior.

Methods of Corruption

First of all, Bribery is the most common method of Corruption. Bribery involves the improper use of favours and gifts in exchange for personal gain. Furthermore, the types of favours are diverse. Above all, the favours include money, gifts, company shares, sexual favours, employment, entertainment, and political benefits. Also, personal gain can be – giving preferential treatment and overlooking crime.Embezzlement refers to the act of withholding assets for the purpose of theft. Furthermore, it takes place by one or more individuals who were entrusted with these assets. Above all, embezzlement is a type of financial fraud.The graft is a global form of Corruption. Most noteworthy, it refers to the illegal use of a politician’s authority for personal gain. Furthermore, a popular way for the graft is misdirecting public funds for the benefit of politicians.Extortion is another major method of Corruption. It means to obtain property, money or services illegally. Above all, this obtainment takes place by coercing individuals or organizations. Hence, Extortion is quite similar to blackmail.Favouritism and nepotism is quite an old form of Corruption still in usage. This refers to a person favouring one’s own relatives and friends to jobs. This is certainly a very unfair practice. This is because many deserving candidates fail to get jobs.Abuse of discretion is another method of Corruption. Here, a person misuses one’s power and authority. An example can be a judge unjustly dismissing a criminal’s case.Finally, influence peddling is the last method here. This refers to illegally using one’s influence with the government or other authorized individuals. Furthermore, it takes place in order to obtain preferential treatment or favour.

Ways of stopping corruption

One important way of preventing Corruption is to give a better salary in a government job. Many government employees receive pretty low salaries. Therefore, they resort to bribery to meet their expenses. So, government employees should receive higher salaries. Consequently, high salaries would reduce their motivation and resolve to engage in bribery.Increasing the number of workers can be another suitable way of curbing Corruption. In many government offices, the workload is very high. This provides an opportunity to slow down the work by government employees. Consequently, these employees then indulge in bribery in return for faster delivery of work. Hence, this opportunity to bribe can be removed by bringing in more employees in government offices.

Tough laws are very important for stopping Corruption. Above all, strict punishments need to be meted out to guilty individuals. Furthermore, there should be an efficient and quick implementation of strict laws.

Applying cameras in workplaces is an excellent way to prevent corruption. Above all, many individuals would refrain from indulging in Corruption due to fear of being caught. Furthermore, these individuals would have otherwise engaged in Corruption.

The government must make sure to keep inflation low. Due to the rise in prices, many people feel their incomes to be too low. Consequently, this increases Corruption among the masses. Businessmen raise prices to sell their stock of goods at higher prices. Furthermore, the politician supports them due to the benefits they receive.

To sum it up, Corruption is a great evil of society. This evil should be quickly eliminated from society. Corruption is the poison that has penetrated the minds of many individuals these days. Hopefully, with consistent political and social efforts, we can get rid of Corruption.

Everyone is fond of chewing gums for their taste, keeps you active, and stays away from mouth odor. Some people keep chewing to get rid of laziness but there are talks that chewing gums are harmful and lead to many health hazards. Many research studies have proved the benefits of chewing gums and how it helps in building your metabolic functions. Here are some true facts on the health benefits of chewing gums.

Builds your memory power – Chewing gum does a great job as far as your brain function is concerned. The sugar-free gum when consumed can easily enhance your memory power and makes you active. The flow of blood to your brain is improved and helps in boosting your brain skills.

Lowers ear pain – For ear pain, chewing gums are found to be a great reliever. Especially when you are flying or moving to high altitudes, you suffer ear pain. Chewing gum can release air from your ear and lower your ear pain.

Decreases anxiety – Along with stress, chewing gum also handles anxiety. It can easily bring down your anxiety level by enhancing oxygen flow to your brain.

Reduces Fat Face – The fat accumulated around your face can result in a fat face. Chewing gum can reduce fats on the cheeks and the chin area by burning the fat content.

Relieves you from stress – Chewing gum does an excellent job of reducing stress. We have seen many stress releasing methods but the most simple and instant relief is achieved in the chewing gums. It increases oxygen flow in the brain and releases tension in nerves. Cortisol is the stress hormone that is well reduced in the blood.

Relieves Constipation – Constipation problems occur due to disturbance in bowel movements or hard in passing stools. Chewing gum can very well resolve this problem. The extra saliva secreted helps in soothing the bowel movement and also lubricates your intestines.

Boosts your energy level – To find the best energy booster then go for chewing gums. They can reboot your energy and makes you active. Chewing gums can improve your blood flow and supplies enough oxygen to the brain.

Reduces Weight – Chewing gums can reduce your hunger pangs and prevent unnecessary eating. It can make you feel less hungry and aids in weight reduction. Avoid chewing gum with a high sugar content if you look for weight loss.

Introduction

Educational inequality is the unequal distribution of academic resources, including but not limited to; school funding, qualified and experienced teachers, books, and technologies to socially excluded communities. These communities tend to be historically disadvantaged and oppressed. Individuals belonging to these marginalized groups are often denied access to schools with adequate resources. Inequality leads to major differences in the educational success or efficiency of these individuals and ultimately suppresses social and economic mobility.

There are some key areas where structural inequalities in educational outcomes can be expected. An example is the process of socialization. How girls and boys are socialized differently from one another can impact upon their educational outcomes in terms of their confidence, performance, and interests. There are many factors that can impact on how well a child does in school and whether he or she pursues post-secondary education. Many of these different factors—but certainly not all.

Many characteristics people have that can impact on the opportunities they have in life (or their life chances) can be divided into ascribed and achieved characteristics. Ascribed characteristics are those features of individuals with which they are born, such as race, sex, and the social class of one’s family. Achieved characteristics, in contrast, are earned or chosen through individual effort, like personal skills and occupational designations. Most life chances are influenced by a combination of ascribed and achieved characteristics. For example, earning a doctorate requires a lot of effort on the part of the individual, but people from middle- and upper-class families are more likely to pursue post-graduate degrees. In this chapter, however, the focus is on ascribed characteristics.

Gender

Gender is a major contributing factor to socialization. The outperformance of boys by girls on recent standardized reading tests was also discussed, which suggests that gender is no longer a barrier to educational achievement for girls—although debates have arisen as to whether the school environment has become feminized to match the learning styles of girls, leaving boys at a disadvantage.

Male disadvantage

In 51 countries, girls are enrolled at higher rates than boys. Particularly in Latin America, the difference is attributed to the prominence of gangs and violence attracting male youth. The gangs pull the males in, distracting them from school and causing them to drop out.In some countries, female high school and graduation rates are higher than for males. In the United States for example, 33% more bachelor’s degrees were conferred on females than males in 2010–2011.This gap is projected to increase to 37% by 2021–2022 and is over 50% for masters and associate degrees. Dropout rates for males have also increased over the years in all racial groups, especially in African Americans. They have exceeded the number of high schools and college dropout rates than any other racial ethnicity for the past 30 years. A majority of the research found that males were primarily the most “left behind” in education because of higher graduation dropout rates, lower test scores, and failing grades. They found that as males get older, primarily from ages 9 to 17, they are less likely to be labeled “proficient” in reading and mathematics than girls were.In general, males arrive in kindergarten much less ready and prepared for schooling than females. This creates a gap that continually increases over time into middle and high school.

In Asia, males are expected to be the main financial contributor of the family. So many of them go to work right after they become adults physically, which means at the age of around 15 to 17. This is the age they should obtain a high school education.Males get worse grades than females do regardless of year or country examined in most subjects.

It has also been suggested that teacher bias in grading may account for up to 21% of the male deficit in grades.One study found that male disadvantage in education is independent of inequality in social and economic participation.

Female disadvantage

Obstacles preventing females’ ability to receive a quality education include traditional attitudes towards gender roles, poverty, geographical isolation, gender-based violence, and early marriage and pregnancy.Throughout the world, there is an estimated 7 million more girls than boys out of school. This “girls gap” is concentrated in several countries including Somalia, Afghanistan, Togo, the Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of the Congo. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, girls are outnumbered two to one.

Early marriage affects females’ ability to receive an education.”The gap separating men and women in the job market remains wide in many countries, whether in the North or the South. With marginal variables between most countries, women have a lower employment rate, are unemployed longer, are paid less, and have less secure jobs.Young women, particularly suffer double discrimination. First for being young, in the difficult phase of transition between training and working life, in an age group that has, on an average, twice the jobless rate or older workers and are at the mercy of employers who exploit them under the pretext of enabling them to acquire professional experience. Secondly, they are discriminated against for being women and are more likely to be offered low paying or low-status jobs.Discrimination is still very much in evidence and education and training policies especially targeting young women are needed to restore a balance. Although young women are increasingly choosing typically ‘male’ professions, they remain over-represented in traditionally female jobs, such as secretaries, nurses, and underrepresented in jobs with responsibility and the professions.

Remedies

There are a variety of efforts by countries to assist in increasing the availability of quality education for all children.

Education for All Act

The Education For All act or EFA is a global commitment to provide quality basic education for all children, youth, and adults. In 2000, 164 governments pledged to achieve education for all at the World Education Forum. There are six decided-upon goals designed to reach the goal of Education for All by 2015. The entities working together to achieve these goals include governments, multilateral and development agencies, civil society, and the private sector. UNESCO is responsible for coordinating the partnerships. Although progress has been made, some countries are providing more support than others. Also, there is a need to strengthen overall political commitment as well as strengthening the needed resources.

Massive online classes

There is a growing shift away from traditional higher education institutions to massive open online courses (MOOC). These classes are run through content sharing, videos, online forums, and exams. The MOOCs are free which allows for many more students to take part in the classes, however, the programs are created by global north countries, therefore inhibiting individuals in the global south from creating their own innovations

The games which originated in ancient Greece 3000 years ago. From the 8th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D., the games were conducted every 4 years in Olympia, which was to honor the god Zeus. The first Olympics took place in the year 1896 in Athens. Since the year 1994, the summer and winter Olympics have been held separately and are alternated every two years. The first records of the Olympics states that a cool named Coroebus back in the day of 776 B.C. won the only event held then and was made to be the first Olympics champion. Legend says that Hercules, son of Zeus and the mortal woman Alcmene, found the the games, which by the end of the 6th century B.C. The name of the games come from the location Olympia, which is a very sacred site located near to the western coast of the Peloponnese peninsular region. Eventually over time there were more events and races added into the event.

The pentathlon was introduced 708 B.C. The participation of the Olympics was first only for the male members of society and there were no women events held. Even more specifically, married women were prohibited from participating. The first modern games were hosted at Athens, Greece in 1896. There were about 280 participants and all were males. There were multiple new additions in the sporting events such as Swimming, Cycling, Wrestling, Cycling and so much more. The official symbol of the the modern games which is the five interlocking colored rings =, show the continents which unite to play the games. The continents being North and South America, Asia, Africa, Europe and Australia. The flag features the symbol and flew first at Antwerp,1920. After a few years the winter Olympics starred their debut by introducing a variety of winter sports such as figure skating, ice hockey, bobsledding. After a few years, women were introduced to a few sports and eventually to every sport and now women are leading various sporting categories in the Olympics.