Women In Science Career Night

Written by Howlader Nashara, Student Assistant to the CAS Career Advising Team.
On February 18th, the Women in Science Club and the Career Center co-hosted a career panel with four alumnae who work in various fields, from audio technology to environmental science:
• Anna Cetina: CAS/MS ’05, Director of the Audio Technology Program at AU
• Brynne McCord: CAS/BA ’07, Program Manager for Engility Corporation
• Jamey McEachran: CAS/MS ’11, Marine Resource Specialist for ERT inc., In-House Contractor for NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service
• Kate Pinkerton: CAS/BS ’10, CAS/MS ’12, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow, working on the Hypoxia Team at the Environmental Protection Agency
The most striking aspect of this panel was that the participants had newly established careers. All have graduated from CAS graduate or undergraduate programs, providing reassurance to current students that a degree, networking, and a little bit of hard work can indeed result in a job. The panelists were asked to provide examples of skills that they look for when hiring. Whether working in policy or research, the panelists placed an emphasis on having a background in science. McCord spoke about how it helps her to understand the depth and difficulty of projects, which in turn allows her to run a much more efficient office because she is able to empathize with her co-workers and their workloads. Pinkerton echoed the need to have a basic science background, and added that writing proficiency and the ability to communicate ideas about scientific concepts, both verbally and in writing, are extremely important. Cetina, the panelist with the longest career, stated that when she is hiring, she looks for someone that is humble about what they do not know and open to learning about those things. The need for flexibility was a sentiment echoed by everyone. This leads to the one concern that every graduating student or recent graduate has: where to find a job and how to plot a career trajectory. McEachran recommends looking at contracting and consulting when starting out, especially if a student is interested in natural resource management. Jobs often intersect with both federal/state governments and also within the non-profit sector, so there is diversity in what someone can learn from their work. Pinkerton recommends looking at federal/state government, the non-profit sector, contracting and consulting, and also research. Pinkerton is currently a fellow at ORISE and advised students to learn more and apply to the program as it is specifically designed for recent graduates.
It is always interesting to ask people what they think about having a nine-to-five job. Some will say that they love it, and others will say a routine is the most boring thing a person could pursue. Cetina and McCord agreed that very few people truly lead that kind of scheduled life. Working in the audio-technology field, Cetina warned students that hours are often late. Working as the director of AU’s program, her main focus is to be there for students and advise them. However, even when she is on the field for a project, there are days that start early and end late, and then some that start late and end early. Pinkerton advised students to figure out whether they want a nine-to-five job or not; if they do, then maybe working in government is good for them. However, working in the non-profit sector means longer hours but the payoff is that the passion is what drives people to work. The most important piece of advice she provided about this was that students should pursue a work-life balance that is most conducive to their success and happiness in both their professional and personal lives.
Thus when asked for some final pieces of advice, McCord advised students to really pursue what they love- and figure out what that is as soon as possible. She confessed that had she never taken physics, she would never have known that she wanted a career in science. If there is a class that a student is even vaguely interested in, she said that they should take it! This led to McEachron’s point: participate in campus networking events and practice communicating. Cetina encouraged students to take up internships and explore interests; there is no better way to explore potential jobs and work on skill sets at the same time than through internships. She explained that “when you go down a career path, it gets harder and harder to turn back,” so it is necessary to take advantage of all the opportunities available now.

Get a Second Chance on these Career Center Library Books of the Week

 

There are over 20 million books written on career related topics. Okay I made that number up, but when you are browsing Amazon it does feel that way. The Career Center does not have 20 million books (it’s more like 400), but the books it does span a wide range of career topics. You can find anything from how to write a cover letter to how to use social media to find jobs. To help you navigate the jungle of career related books, each week the Career Center highlights a “Book of the Week” from its own library.
Here’s the recap of the Career Center Library’s Book of the Week from the fall semester. Remember, any of these books can be checked out from the Career Center for seven days and renewed for an additional seven. Click the link to the library record to learn more about the book!
The Start-Up of You  by Reid Hoffman (Cofounder of LinkedIn) and Ben Casnocha
Lean In by Sheryl Sandberg (Chief Operating Officer of Facebook)
Mrs. Moneypenny’s Career Advice for Ambitious Women  by Mrs. Moneypenny with Heather McGregor
Women Lead: Career Perspectives from Workplace Leaders  edited by Tracey Wilen-Daugenti, Courtney Vien, and Caroline Molina-Ray
Who’s Got Your Back?  by Keith Ferrazzi
Power Verbs for Job Seekers  by Michael Lawrence Faulkner and Michelle Faulkner- Lunsford
If you have any career-related books you would like to see added to the Career Center Library then send your suggestion to JNunno@american.edu. Follow the Career Center on Twitter (@AUCareerCenter) to see the latest Book of the Week as well as Career Center events and career advice!
Share

Here’s My Card

Love it or hate it, there is almost no way to avoid it in DC. The business card. It’s a networking staple and an easy way to stay in contact with people. Having your own is a great way to show initiative and professionalism during your job or internship search.
How to get started on creating one of your own:
The essential information to include is your name, email, phone number, and your basic education information. Additional information, like your Twitter handle or other social media account, can be included, but be careful. If your social media account or blog is original and professional (articles, photos, videos, etc.) and you want to showcase your work, then go ahead. But if your accounts are full of selfies and cat videos, better to leave them off.
For your education information you can include American University, your school, and your class year (ex. Class of 2015). An extra title that indicates your professional interest is a great addition as well, for example “Student Videographer”, “Future Educator”, or “Marketing Professional”.
Today it is simpler than ever to create your very own business card. Here are some fast and cheap sources:
DeLong Lithographics – Get the American University business card, logo and all. This is a fast way to get cards with easy instructions. It is also a good option if you want a professional card with the university’s logo front and center.
UPS AU Campus Location – The UPS store on campus offer business card printing services that include templates with the AU logo.
Vistaprint.com – Prices depend on paper quality and some additional fees, but prices start at $16 for 100 cards.
Moo.com – Another online resource for business cards. Prices start at $19.99 for double-sided cards.
This is an opportunity to be creative, have fun with creating a professional business card. Are there other resources for business cards that you have used? Share in the comments section below.

Interviewing with Employer By Phone? Here’s 9 Tips

As the semester winds down, many students are anxiously awaiting a phone interview with an employer. Whether for an internship, part-time or full-time job, many are concerned that the phone eliminates their opportunity to be charismatic and impress the employer with their interpersonal skills. Since recruiters often use phone interviews as the first step to clarify the background of several candidates, those offered a particular day and time to chat should see it as a positive opportunity. While your Career Center Advisors are more than happy to help you prepare, there are several steps to ensure a successful phone interview. A quick summary of Laura DeCarlo’s “9 Keys to Telephone Job Interview Success”  are listed below, however, you can read the full article on Job-Hunt-org.
  1. Know whether you can take the call when it comes, i.e. schedule when you won’t be interrupted or lose service on your cell phone.
  2. Have the documentation you need at your fingertips – this includes the job description, your resume and the application you submitted to the employer
  3. Know answers to the common interview questions. Be sure to tell a complete story and refrain from brief responses
  4. Smile while on the phone! Placing a mirror in front of you is a big help.
  5. If you have a web portfolio or a complete LinkedIn profile, then be sure to direct the interview to it.
  6. Focus on your language and voice – which includes voice intonation and speaking positively
  7. Avoid selfish questions during the interview. Asking about salary is too early at this point
  8. Don’t hang up without asking for the next step plus contact information.  This will reduce anxiety about the next call or email you should receive.
  9. Say thank you, but write a thank you note and either email it or send it through the mail
American University students and alumni can schedule a mock interview with their Career Advisor through the AppointmentPlus website.  Also consider practicing from the comfort of your room with InterviewStream.
Congratulations and best of luck!

Online Resources for AU Alumni

Here’s a scenario: You just graduated from AU and are trying to land your first full-time job. You want to search for potential employers and you want to improve your interviewing skills. What do you do?
Here’s another one: You graduated from AU 5 years ago, and you’re ready for a new job. You live in New York City, but you’re looking to relocate to San Francisco. How do you start the process?
If you find yourself in one of these, or a similar scenario, then check out the Career Center’s online resources. AU alumni have access to all of the Career Center’s resources including Going Global, InterviewStream, and Vault Career Insider. Here’s how these resources can support your post-college career:
  • Going Global can help you identify opportunities in the US and internationally. Its US city guides(47 including Atlanta, Boston, New York, Los Angeles, Nashville, and Seattle) have city-specific job resources including online job sites, staffing agencies, and city career fairs. You can plan financially by using the cost of living information, and you can find professional networking groups. Going Global’s country guides (41 including Australia, Brazil, China, Japan, and the UK) have everything the US city guides have and more including information on work permits and visas, resume/CV guidelines, interviewing tips, and cultural advice.
  • You can use InterviewStream to practice interviewing before a job interview. It’s a helpful resource if you’re looking to improve your skills or looking for an interviewing refresher.
  • Vault Career Insider can help you research companies and industries. It’s helpful if you are exploring new career paths or researching potential employers within your field. You can also access Vault’s blog for news and insights on career topics.
Learn more about these resources and access them here. If you’d like more information on AU’s career services for alumni click here. Feel free to contact me with any questions you have about Going Global, InterviewStream, and Vault! I can be reached via email at JNunno@american.edu.

2015 Summer Reading List for Your Career Development

Well, it’s finally here. After all of the late night study sessions, group projects, and scrambling to get papers in on time, summer is upon us! It is a time for rest, relaxation, and of course…reading! Everyone likes to read while they’re relaxing at the beach or at the pool after a long week (and it’s nice to be able to pick what YOU want to read instead of what is listed in a syllabus). If you want books that will stimulate your mind during the summer, consider these options found in the Career Center Library:
You can borrow these books from the Career Center Library for seven days and you can renew online with your MyAladdin account for an additional seven. Swing by the Career Center to check out our full collection or search for books here. Feel free to contact me if you have any questions about the Career Center Library! You can reach me via email at JNunno@american.edu.

Writing a Knockout Cover Letter

The biggest challenge to overcome in landing the job or internship you want is the first level of applicant screening. Often this means getting a very bored, junior person to sit up and pay attention to the cover letter and resume you have sent in. Today we’re going to focus on cover letters.
Most people will admit they have difficulty writing cover letters; what they usually mean is that they have a lot of trouble starting cover letters. Here’s a formula for overcoming the writer’s block and anxiety of doing cover letters.
First, ask yourself this question:   “As I look at this job/internship posting, what are the three or four most important skills/abilities I have that this employer wants?” The answer is what should go into the first paragraph of your cover letter. It’s a fill-in-the-blank paragraph – usually two sentences and about four lines long – that should look something like this:
“Having (Experience A) and (Experience B), I would like to apply for (title of the position). In addition, I would bring to your company/organization (Skill C) and (Experience D).”
Give it your best shot and don’t be modest. Depending upon what the job description emphasizes, your first paragraph should highlight factors such as: “strong research and analytics skills” … “excellent written and oral communication skills” … advanced knowledge or a foreign language … advanced knowledge of a particular software (other than Word and PowerPoint, which everybody has) … etc. etc.
Now that you’ve finished the all-important first paragraph, the second and third paragraphs should, to some degree, provide more detail and backup for the claims you made in the first paragraph. E.G., “During my two semesters as a Research Intern with Employer X, I worked with experienced professionals on a number of key projects, where I was able to enhance my research, analytical and problem-solving skills.”
Before concluding your letter, be sure to mention important generic skills all employers want – and most of you have acquired – during the course of some internships: “experience multitasking under deadline pressure” … “worked collaboratively in a team-focused environment” … “learned good detail management and prioritizing.”
Have a simple wrap-up sentence; e.g., “Thank you for considering my qualifications. I look forward to hearing from you.”
DON’T !
  • Use over-the-top words; e.g.,: “love” “excited” “perfect” “unique” – it makes you sound immature.
  • Put your contact info in the last sentence; it should be at the top of the letter.
  • Write more than three-quarters of a page, down to your name at the bottom.
  • Go on-and-on about how much you admire the employer. One sentence is enough.
Good luck!

The #1 Skill Employers want YOU to have… Oral Communication

This is the first in a series of blogs that will highlight the key skills that employers seek. Each month, an AU Career Advisor will share insights into each skill– how do you develop the skill while at AU, how do you demonstrate, and why is it important?  First up: Oral Communication.

Must have strong oral and written communication skills.”

If you’ve searched for a job or internship, you’ve seen this requirement in one form or another. According to the American Association of Colleges and Universities (AAC&U), the ability to communicate orally is the number one competency sought by employers. So, what does it mean to have strong oral communication skills, and how does your degree prepare you to use oral communication skills in the workplace?  The good news is that your American University degree and campus experiences do develop this skill- whether you’ve majored in the liberal arts and sciences or business.
The majority of us can speak, therefore we have oral communication skills. How can you demonstrate to an employer that you have “strong” or “excellent” oral communication skills? Consider your experiences as a student, intern, or employee. In any of those roles, have you:
  • Conducted a classroom presentation?
  • Led a student group meeting?
  • Negotiated with your student group on how to complete a project?
  • Answered a customer’s question or resolved their concern through explaining a policy or procedure?
  • Used the spoken word to de-escalate a tense situation?
  • Provided spoken advice or counsel to a classmate, colleague, client or customer?
  • Persuaded a colleague or classmate to adopt an idea or to use a particular approach to solve a problem?
  • Participated in a debate?
These activities and more represent “strong oral communications.” It is the number one skill that employers seek because we all speak in the work place.   As a baseline, employers seek employees who can articulate their ideas, support their positions, and communicate clearly with their teammates. Most employees must be able to effectively communicate with internal and external customers. Some roles involve the ability to conduct presentations with confidence. All employers want you to be able to communicate in a positive and professional manner.
So, before you write your next cover letter or head out the door to your next interview, consider how you’ve developed this very important skill. Provide the employer with specific examples drawn from your academics, work experience, and extracurricular activities.  Articulate these experiences well, and you will have taken the first step to demonstrating competency (even excellence) in oral communication.
Not confident in your oral communication skills? Consider the following:
  • Nervous about public speaking? Try Toastmasters.
  • Join the AU Debate Society
  • Take a leadership role in any AU student club or community organization; ask to lead meetings or projects
  • Shy? Intentionally work on speaking up in class.
  • Take advantage of classroom opportunities to be a presenter- don’t cop out in a group presentation and let your teammate do all the talking.
  • Above all, stretch your comfort zone to improve your skills in public speaking!
 

Anna’s Pondering the Question of the Week Series, Fall 2015: Tweaking a graduate student resume

Greetings and welcome to the 2015-2016 academic year! As we all embark on our new academic and professional experiences, I’m resuming my blog series to reflect on most interesting, challenging or typical questions that students ask me during our individual appointments. I hope that this will help those who may have similar questions but haven’t had a chance to visit the Career Center yet.
During the past first week of the fall semester, I met with several graduate students who wanted to have their resume reviewed. As they start their graduate programs here at AU, they would like to find a part time job or an internship in the areas of their professional interests. For some students, their new career goals are different from their undergraduate degrees and experience. How would you structure your resume in such situations? Let me give you couple general tips and then we can discuss your particular case at length during an individual appointment.
  • As you probably know, employers don’t spend much time reading each applicant’s resume. Therefore, you want the employer to see the most relevant information about you first, and it may be your graduate degree that you are currently pursuing. Start your resume with the EDUCATION section, even if you have worked for couple years. State your Master’s degree first, followed by the information about your undergraduate degree.
  • If your language or computer skills (such as advanced knowledge of Excel, Photoshop, social media data analytics tools, etc.) are relevant for the position that you are applying for, put them right after the EDUCATION section in the SPECIAL SKILLS section.
  • Review carefully the job description to figure out if you can use any of its language to describe your professional experience. Even if your professional experience has been so far in a different field, many keywords describing skills or activities may be similar, e.g. research, develop, evaluate, database, clients, projects, etc.
  • Don’t overload your targeted resume with details that are not relevant for the employer. If you apply to an art organization do they really need to know specific lab tests you have worked on as a Biology major? However, your ability to work independently or in a team, perform under pressure, meet deadlines, will be important almost in any profession, in any field.
  • Include quantifiable results/outcomes whenever possible, e.g. increased by 30%….; delivered presentations to the audience of 30; etc.
Hopefully, these tips will help you start creating a new targeted resume for a new chapter in your life!

Skills Series: Skill #2 – Teamwork skills are Essential at the Modern Workplace

Our second blog in the series on the key skills that employers seek is about teamwork.  Most of the projects/tasks at the workplace, be it in the field of business, science, communication, arts, etc., are carried out nowadays by teams. Based on employers’ surveys, the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) has concluded that employers search for candidates who have the teamwork skills defined as the capacity to “Build collaborative relationships with colleagues and customers representing diverse cultures, races, ages, genders, religions, lifestyles, and viewpoints. The individual is able to work within a team structure, and can negotiate and manage conflict.”   What do you need to do to make sure that you are ready to be a productive and successful team member at your future workplace? How would you market your teamwork readiness to your potential employer?
The teamwork at the workplace is a complex process. Given current demographic, technological, social trends, team members should deal with a number of challenges to keep their teams productive and stay competitive. For example, at a modern workplace, you may have to work in teams of various size and structure with people of different educational backgrounds and experiences, twice or three times older than you. Your team may be scattered around the globe in different time zones. Such diverse team composition requires many new competences including intercultural and intergenerational communication skills, creativity, adaptability as well as other essential ingredients of successful teamwork, e.g. strong listening skills, responsibility, and time-management skills.
The good news is that AU students have no shortage of excellent teamwork opportunities as an integral part of their AU experience through academic studies, internships, and extra-curricular activities while building upon the diversity of AU faculty and staff, student body, and resources in DC and beyond. You may have already worked in teams while preparing for group projects and class presentations, practicing for, and playing team sports, planning events and raising funds for your fraternities/sororities or student clubs, working part-time or interning.   Through these experiences, you have most likely started building the important teamwork competencies. Make sure that you take time to reflect on these competencies and your experiences and identify ways to grow.
Related: How to distinguish the best workplace harassment lawyer?
Academic Work:
  • Putting a lot of effort into mastering your academic major will help you build the knowledge base to work productively as a team member at your future workplace. Even if you are not planning or unsure about working in the field of your major, you will still have an opportunity to develop your intellectual capacity and transferrable skills that will help you be a productive team member (consult career guides to learn about transferrable skills related to each AU major)
    • To excel in your major/minor, build relations with your professors, attend professors’ office hours, utilize ASAC, pursue research/internship opportunities, attend conferences, professional events, panels on, and off campus.
  • Some AU majors include more teamwork-based courses while others are more lecture-based and independent research. Both approaches can prepare you well for future teamwork. For example, lectures provide an opportunity to practice your listening and comprehension skills and analyze the professor’s arguments and logic – the ability that helps develop synergies within the team.
  • Interacting with highly accessible and diverse AU faculty will expand your comfort levels in communicating with professionals of different age groups, education, cultures, etc. Meet with professors during office hours, attend faculty led panels, etc. Look for opportunities to work as a teacher assistant, research assistant.
  • Many major/minors in humanities, STEM, as well as creative majors specifically focus on fostering creativity, thinking out of the box, and communication skills.
  • Language courses, courses on intercultural communication, as well as studying abroad expose AU students to different cultures and help build intercultural competencies. When you are abroad, look for opportunities to experience or learn about work-related values and cultural preferences. Reflect on how different/similar they may be to your preferences.
  • Interacting with your peers during group work for your classes teaches a lot about team dynamics, managing conflicts, time-management skills, as well as diversity. Utilize AU advantage as an institution with high shares of students from other countries, states, religions, lifestyles, and viewpoints backgrounds. Reflect on your experiences in successful and failed group work. What lessons can you use at the workplace?
Internship/Part-time Job
  • Doing an internship, whether for credit or not, will give you an opportunity to participate directly in a team or observe a team at work.
  • Utilize the advantages of the AU location by interning during the academic year in DC and exposing yourself to various workplaces and teams: a federal agency, not-for profit organization, international organization, professional association, art/entertainment organization, etc.
  • Given the fact that DC has a diverse workforce comprised of people from different parts of the U.S. and the world, you have excellent opportunities to expand your intercultural competencies.
  • At the workplace, continue to be a student, which means to study, through observation and reflection, how productive and non-productive teams operate, to practice good listening, negotiation, and conflict management skills whenever possible.
Extra-Curricular/Campus Life/ Volunteering:
  • As mentioned above, the diverse AU student body provides a lot of opportunities to learn how to interact with people different from you.
  • Increase your intercultural competences by attend AU intercultural events organized through ISSS and CDI.
  • Expand your experience in teamwork by engaging in student clubs, playing team sports, and participating in volunteering projects. Talk to the Center for Community Engagement and Service.
  • Look for self-development opportunities: particularly as they pertain to improving your teamwork skills in the areas of oral communication, time-management, conflict-management, etc. You will find many workshops on campus, which teach these skills. Check regularly Today@AU and the events calendar.
 How to market your teamwork experience and skills in your application materials and at the job interview? Start by preparing a list of specific examples illustrating your experience in teamwork and in building teamwork competencies through your academic studies, internship, work, sports, extracurricular activities, etc.
  • In your application materials (resume and cover letters), use relevant action verbs and keywords e.g.: collaborate with, worked in x number member team, partner with, interact, communicate, liaise, or serve as a liaison, facilitate, organize, coordinate, etc.
  • Be prepared to market your teamwork skills at the job interview. The employer may ask questions directly: e.g., Do you enjoy working with a team or independently? Describe yourself as a team member? The employer will also use behavior questions to learn about your teamwork competencies. Such questions usually start with: “Tell me about the time when…. “ “Give me an example when….. “ Ask your career advisor about typical interview questions, check Career Center books on job interviews, research on-line. Practice giving narratives that highlight your specific experiences. Don’t forget to talk about your experience with diversity, managing and negotiating conflicts.
  • Also, make sure to read carefully the job description and explore the employer’s website to understand any special teamwork characteristics required or desired by the specific employer.
  • Attend #Ineedajob workshops on resume/cover letters and interviews, offered regularly by the Career Center. Check AU CareerWeb and the events calendar.
  • Consult Career Center website resources on resumes and cover letters. Practice and record your mock interview utilizing Interviewstream.
  • Schedule an appointment with your career advisor to have your application materials reviewed and prepare for a job interview.

III semester & I semester – Elements of teaching poetry


Dear students,

Do visit the site in the following link and post me your comments which may reflect your understanding of the content….

Video 1  (https://youtu.be/b8q3xX0qyDA)

Video 2  (https://youtu.be/C1t2daf5_LE)

Video 3  (https://youtu.be/YylGOdLCc8c)


After watching the videos, visit the site in the following link

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Lk4as86T2aJZAxabRc93KOcQnW6XML59


Expecting both I and II year students\’ reply….

I sem – General English – Audio lingual method


Dear learners,

Yet another interesting method of teaching a second language is Audio lingual method.

The Audio-lingual methodArmy Method  is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages. It is based on behaviourist  theory, which postulates that certain traits of living things, and in this case humans, could be trained through a system of reinforcement. An important belief of structural linguistics is that a language is primarily what it is spoken and only secondarily what is written. Speech is language. We learn to speak before we learn to read and write. So the structural linguistics pays emphasis on the spoken skills of a language (Brooks, 1964)

THE AUDIO LINGUAL METHOD
The teaching of English as a second language in the United States between the two world wars used either a modified Direct Method Approach. The Audio lingual Method (ALM) gained attention in the 1950s, largely in the USA where it was rooted in the military\’s need during World
recite the basic sentence patterns and grammatical structures. The students were given only “enough War II to train large volumes of personnel in disparate languages.
    Charles C. Fries, the director of the English Language Institute at the University of Michigan, the first of its kind in the United States, believed that learning structure, or grammar was the starting point for the student. In other words, it was the students\’ job to vocabulary to make such drills possible.” (Richards, J.C. et-al. 1986). Fries later included principles for behavioural psychology, as developed by B.F.Skinner, into this method.
THE PRINCIPLES OF THE AUDIO LINGUAL METHOD
Ø  Language learning works best with a context.
Ø  Try not to mix the L1 and L2 so interference does not occur.
Ø  Teachers are used as role models for the language. 
Ø  Students will mimic the correct form.
Ø  Language learning is habit. Repeat and drill often.
Ø  Correct errors immediately. Do not allow bad habits to develop.
Ø  Language is for communication.
Ø  Substitution drills help students understand how language works.
Ø  Positive reinforcement is good for changing habits.
Ø  Verbal, and non verbal (flashcards, pictures) stimuli are used in class.
Ø  Students learn to answer automatically, without thinking first.
Ø  Grammar structures come first, vocabulary will follow.
Ø  Rules will be induced from using examples.
Ø  Follow the natural order that children do when language learning; listening, speaking, reading then writing.
Ø  The teacher has a responsibility to teach the culture of the target language users.

LEARNERS ROLES 
Learners play a reactive role by responding to stimuli, and thus have little control over the content, pace or style of learning. They are not encouraged to initiate interaction, because this may lead to mistakes.
The fact that in the early stages earners do not always understand  the meaning of what they are repeating is not perceived as a draw back, for by listening to the teacher, imitating accurately, and responding to and performing controlled tasks they are learning a new form of verbal behavior. 
TEACHERS ROLE
In Audio Lingualism, as in Situational Language teaching, the teachers role is Central and Active, it is a teacher Dominated method.
The teacher must keep the learners attentive by varying drills and tasks and choosing relevant situations to practice structures.
  Language learning is seen to result from active verbal interaction between the teachers and the learners.
PROCEDURE
Brooks lists the following procedures the teacher should adopt in using  the Audio Visual Method:
       a.The modeling of all learning\’s by the teacher.
       b.The Subordination of the Mother tongue to the second language.
       c.The early and continuous training of the ear and tongue without recourse to graphic symbols.
       d.The minimizing of vocabulary until all common structures have been learned. 
       e. The study of vocabulary only in context.                      
              MERITS
   Ø Listening and speaking skills are emphasized and, especially the former, rigorously developed.
       Ø The use of visual aids is effective in vocabulary teaching.
       Ø The method is just as functional and easy to execute for larger groups.
       Ø Correct pronunciation and structure are emphasized and acquired.
       Ø It is a teacher-dominated method.
       Ø It is a mechanical method since it demands pattern practice, drilling, and memorization.
      Ø The learner is in a directed role; the learner has little control over the material studied or the method of study.
          DEMERITS
ØThe behaviourist approach to learning is now discredited. Many scholars have proved its weakness.
ØIt does not pay sufficient attention to communicative competence.
ØOnly language form is considered while meaning is neglected.
ØEqual importance is not given to all four skills.
ØIt is a teacher-dominated method.
ØThe learner is in a passive role; the learner has little control over their learning.



Do compare and contrast the Audio lingual method with that of the Direct method and let me know it…

I Sem – Special English – Teaching Language through Literature


Dear Students,

I found it extremely useful and interesting, the material which I studied recently prepared by ARPIT course… This is highly relevant for our study also. Do read it and Pass your comment to me…

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1l_T60ktssP-dT6fFlhb2vNGSD0ogrU4Y/view?usp=sharing


Hope a fruitful discussion in the classroom…

Sorry, the above link doesn\’t open it seems….
Try this one

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1z1NZxGLOy0-VysSSL7Jcw-6mKsay6s1W

I Sem – General English – Word & Sentence Stress

Word Stress
« The word is a linguistic entity composed of one or more syllables
« The syllable that is pronounced more prominently than the other(s) in the same word is said to be accented or to receive the stress
« In English there are several polysyllabic words in which more than one syllable may be prominent – one of the syllables is said to receive the primary stress; the other syllable that is secondly prominent is said to receive the secondary stress
« Primary Stress is marked with a vertical bar above & in front of the syllable to which it refers
« Secondary Stress is marked with a vertical bar below & in front of the syllable to which it refers
RULE 1:
There are some disyllabic words in which word accent depends upon whether the words are used as nouns/adjectives or as verbs.
For nouns the stress is on the first syllable
For verbs the stress is on the second syllable
Word
Noun / Adjective
Verb
conduct
object
product
direct
export
Rule : 2   Accent in Compound Words
The most common type in English is the first of the two elements receiving the primary stress.
Air – raid                                 Cardboard
Bookshelf                               Footprint
Rule 3:
Words ending with –ever  & -self  take the stress in the second element
Her self                          what ever
My self                          when ever
Rule 4 :
Words with weak prefixes always take the accent on the root.
A board
A broad
Be come
Rule 5:
Words having weak vowel followed by a strong vowel syllables have the accent in the second syllable
Recom mend
Com pose
Ad vance
Rule 6:
Words ending in  -ion take the primary stress on the penultimate syllable
admi ration
appli cation
combi nation
Rule 7:
Words ending in –ic, -ical, -ically, -ious, -ial & -ially take the stress on the previous syllable
-ic               pathetic                        terrific
-ical            optical                           biological
-ically         chemically          psychologically
-ious           notorious                      atrocious
-ially           commercially               dramatically
-ial              commercial                  memorial
Rule 8:
Words ending in –ity take the accent on the ante – penultimate syllable (third from the last syllable)
a bility                           fu tility
ca pacity                       oppor tunity
Sentence Stress
In a sentence, some words have been stressed rather than other words.  This depends on the intention of the speaker.  Mostly the content words receive the stress rather than the structural words.
‘He is my uncle   ( not any other person, only he )
He is ‘my uncle   ( not any other’s )
He is my ‘uncle   ( not any other relation)

I Sem – Special English


Dear Students,

I had the opportunity of reading a research paper on the role of literature in language learning... You may also find it useful.. Here is the link.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1–lBvr75AsbKleSXZCkqx4c8FaF4LquH



You can find the materials for the concept \”Language and Power\” in the below link

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1q9q68ZGknPQ03mgeov4vvqwGKkNHVjPZ


Place of English in Indian Constitution
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1q9q68ZGknPQ03mgeov4vvqwGKkNHVjPZ

Characteristics of language
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1UqnhGdrx7H29-gT9XlgXxR6lnvwUQFMS

Role and Nature of Language
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1OwtUHA8uU7gM7lyL_5Osn35EBTQ-pGNJ