World day for International Justice is observed on 17th July every year, also known as International Justice Day. It is a day which brings together all the people who support justice, advocate victims’ rights, and find aid in the prevention of crime that threatens world’s peace, safety, and well being. July 17 is the date of the adoption of the treaty that created the International Criminal Court. On 1 June 2010, at the Review Conference of the Rome Statute held in Kampala (Uganda), the Assembly of State Parties decided to celebrate 17 July as the Day of International Criminal Justice.
Each year, people around the world use this day to host events to promote international criminal justice, especially support for the International Criminal Court.
History
This day is designated as World Day for International Justice since it marks the 20th anniversary of the Rome Statute’s adoption in 1998. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was formed with the aid of this treaty. Since that day in 1998, 139 nations have signed the court’s treaty, and over 80 countries, representing every area of the world, have recognized it.
Theme
This year’s World Social Justice Day subject is “social justice in the digital economy”. Technological developments over the last decade have aided humans in navigating the perilous terrain of a globe ravaged by Covid-19. Employees were able to work from home because of what the UN refers to as “digital labor platforms,” which gave “income-generating possibilities and advantages from flexible work arrangements.” However, this has compounded concerns about the regularity of employment and income, the ability to organize or join trade unions, and the utilization of skills.
Significance
This day is observed because it is critical to raise public awareness and unity in favor of justice, as well as to promote victims’ rights. This day also draws individuals from all around the world to focus on critical concerns. It defends individuals from various crimes and cautions those who endanger the nation’s peace, security, and well-being.
Various activities are being held throughout the world to celebrate this day and to promote the International Criminal Court (ICC). This day is also promoted by a number of news outlets, newspapers, and radio stations. Several organizational groups draw people’s attention to certain concerns such as violence against women, genocide, and so on.
Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra and the heart and soul of India. It is called with heck lot of names like- the City of Dreams, and Mayanagri, etc. It has earned these names not just in a day but over the years not just because of limitless opportunities for citizens across the state, but for all citizens all across the Globe. Talking about Mumbai in a bit religious way, it is known to be the city of Sri Mahalaxmi, Siddhivinayak. It is said that the goddess of fortune and abundance resides and grants favors, worshipped by a lot of devotees being it the citizens of Mumbai or elsewhere.
Commercial Center of India
Mumbai is known to be the Commerical capital of India. It is one of the richest city in India. From the Reserve Bank of India, National stock Exchange or the Bombay stock Exchange to the biggest Indian business houses like the Reliance Industries, Tata Group or the Aditya Birla Group, most of the financial institutions have their headquarters here.
The Bollywood Bling and the Largest Film City in India
From several film studios and the television industry to some of the biggest film stars like Amitabh Bachchan or Shahrukh Khan, the Bollywood star bling is unmatchable.
Splendid Architecture
From the historic Gateway of India or the landmark Haji Ali Dargah located on the sea to the gleaming Queen’s Necklace or the recent architectural wonder, the Bandra-Worli sea link, Mumbai is a perfect example of splendid architecture.
Heaven for Migrants
Being the economic hub of India, there’s something for all in this city. From a small business or medium-sized business to different career option including Bollywood exposure, there are opportunities galore in this city.
More facts about Mumbai
A city that never sleeps is Mumbai. It has a very beautiful night life that is what everyone looks for these days. It is known for it’s amazing night life and who so ever experiences it they are fond of it and never forgets. It feels like heaven seeing the Night life near Maine Drive, Haji Ali, Sea link and many more.
Mumbai has a beautiful Heritage sight too and some are given below-
Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai – World Heritage Site
University of Mumbai, Fort Campus building
Our first World Heritage site in Maharashtra is one of India’s most recent additions: the Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai. Located in the Fort area of downtown Mumbai, this collection of 94 beautiful buildings date from the 19th and early 20th centuries. They’re a a legacy of the British colonial period. Rich with cash from exports, the local government built enormous grand buildings to make the city of Bombay world-renowned.
And there’s some incredible buildings here. Particular highlights of the Victorian Gothic style include the Bombay High Court, and the University of Mumbai. There’s also the City Civil and Sessions building, plus the incredible Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station. If you can believe it – the CST railway station is also a separate World Heritage Site!
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (Victoria Terminus) – World Heritage Site
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
Next up, we have Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, or CST for short. It’s a very rare example of two World Heritage sites in the same building! CST is the main train station in Mumbai, and the main station in western India as well. Opening in 1887, it took ten years to build! Built to commemorate Queen Victoria‘s Golden Jubilee, the station was known as Victoria Terminus until 1999.
It’s a supreme example of Victorian Gothic architecture, and is partly based on St Pancras railway station in London. The attention to detail here is just marvellous, with beautiful domes, arches, statues and turrets, both inside and out. There’s also a magnificent entry gate loaded with symbolism, crowned by a British lion and an Indian tiger.
Elephanta Caves – World Heritage Site
Elephanta Caves are located on an island in the middle of Mumbai harbour, just a short boat ride from the iconic Gateway of India. This site covers five man-made caves dug directly into the side of the mountain. The caves are dedicated to the worship of Shiva, one of the main Hindu gods, and they’re a spectacular sight to behold.
The main cave here is immense – roughly square shaped, 40 metres on each side, and nearly 10 metres tall. The walls are all covered in carvings depicting the stories of Shiva, done with exquisite detail.
Water is the most valuable and important natural resource which is essential for our survival. However, there is over consumption of freshwater due to different factors. This crisis of water scarcity is most visible in India as well as in other developing countries. Water is also important for our body but here we are only going to talk about Water as a natural resource.
What is Water Scarcity
Is their scarcity or abundance of water in India? A clear answer to this question is Scarcity. Now what is it? Water Scarcity is the lack of freshwater resources to satisfy water demands. It is manifested by partial or no satisfaction of expressed demand, economic competition for water quantity or quality, disputes between users, irreversible groundwater depletion, and negative effects on the environment.
It affects every continent and was categorized in 2019 by the World Economic Forum as one of the largest global risks with respect to its potential impact over the next decade.
One-third of the global population (2 billion people) live under situations of severe water scarcity at least one month of the year.
Half a billion people in the world affected by severe water scarcity all year round.
Half of the world’s largest cities have been facing water scarcity.
How is the water scarcity measured?
The absolute minimum water requirement for domestic usage is 50 liters per person per day, though 100-200 liters is often recommended.
Considering the needs of agriculture, industry and energy sectors, the recommended minimum annual per capita requirement is about 1700 cubic meters.
If a country like India has only about 1700 cu. meters water per person per year, it will experience only occasional or local water distress.
If the availability falls below this threshold level, the country will start to experience periodic or regular water stress.
If the water availability declines below 1000 cu. meters, the country will suffer from chronic water scarcity. Lack of water will then start to severely affect human health and well-being as well as economic development.
If the annual per capita supply declines below 500 cu. meters, the country will reach the stage of absolute scarcity.
What is the status of water availability in India?
India receives 4000 bcm (billion cubic meters) rainfall each year. Out of this, 1869 bcm remains after evaporation = The actual availability is only 1137 bcm.
Even in that 1137 bcm of water, there is a lot of temporals as well as regional variations in the availability.
For instance, on the one side, there are water surplus states such as Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and on the other side, there are water scarce states such as Maharashtra (Vidarbha, Beed), Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat.
Moreover, some states that are known to be water abundant such as Punjab, Haryana have their own issues.
What is the recent water crisis in India?
Maharashtra is facing a water crisis of unprecedented proportions. After years of drought, the river currents have ebbed, water in dams and reservoirs have depleted and over-exploitation of groundwater has raised concerns regarding the long-term availability of water.
Meanwhile, media reports claim IT firms in Chennai are asking employees to work from home. The reason is that they don’t have enough water to sustain their operations. It hasn’t rained for almost 200 days in the city and it may not get adequate rain to get over the water crisis for the next 3 months.
In North India, the people of arid Thar Desert of Rajasthan are spending Rs. 2500 for getting 2500 litres of water which they share with their cattle.
With Punjab facing the threat of desertification and the state struggling to break away from the wheat-paddy cycle, farmers in the state have been adopting a decade-old scheme to utilise underground pipeline system for irrigation.
In light of this crisis, Central government on its part has created a Jal Shakti Ministry under a full-fledged cabinet minister to resolve the water crisis but a lot more needs to be done.
Ira Singhal is an India Administrative Service Officer and computer science engineer. She was the first Person to crack the Civil Service Examination for the year 2014. She completed her B.Tech. from Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, University of Delhi and MBA from FMS Delhi. Singhal topped the exam in her fourth attempt, to become the first differently abled woman to top the civil services exam.
Early Life
Ira was born on 31st August 1983 in Meerut. Her father’s name is Rajendra Singhal, who works as an engineer and her mother is Anita Singhal, who works as Insurance advisor. Ira has scoliosis, a spine-related disorder, which disrupts her arm movement. She completed her schooling from the Army Public School, Dhaula Kuan and studied Computer Engineering from Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology and received Dual MBA in Marketing & Finance from Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi. She scored 1,082 marks out of a total 2,025 and secured 53.43% in UPSC Exam 2014-2015.
Career
Ms. Ira Singhal is the First Person with Disability to top the prestigious Civil Services Examination, 2014. She has B.E. and MBA degrees from 2 of the top institutions of the country and has worked as a Strategy Manager for Cadbury India Limited. She currently handles 7 profiles in North Delhi Municipal Corporation, being, D.C. Keshavpuram Zone, D.C. Karol Bagh Zone, Director Education, Director Community Services, Director Press and Information, D.C. Advertising and D.C. RP Cell &Parking. She is the Brand Ambassador for Department of Disability, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India.
She is also a brand ambassador for Ministry of Women and Child Development, Niti Ayog and is on the National Panel for Accessible Elections, Election Commission of India. Her innumerable awards include India Today’s Woman of the Year 2015, President’s Gold Medal for Topping the IAS Training, First Ladies of India Award by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India. She is also recorded in the Limca Book of Records.
She has been a speaker on wide ranging issues like education, disability, Gender issues, skill development, career counselling etc. at more than 500 international and National conferences, Industry forums, universities, colleges and other top institutions of the country including IIMs & IITs. She has been working towards various social causes including empowerment of persons with disabilities, empowerment and promotion of Transgender community, Women Empowerment, prevention of Child labour & child marriages, prevention of illegal conversion of green lands, promoting green energy, skill development, promotion of Mental Health and promotion of Khadi and indigenous fabrics. She rescued around 340 child and bonded laborers and restored them to their families, within 1 year in her first posting as SDM (Sub-Divisional Magistrate), Alipur in North Delhi district. She is also the first person to give a job to a transgender person full-time employment in a government office.
In North MCD, she has continued to her work with women and children. Through the means of CSR Funding, she has setup a unique project where 12 hour crèche-cum-day-care facility has been provided inside government schools, giving educational, nutritional and medical interventions free of cost for children in age groups 0-12 years, belonging to poor backgrounds. The project has been appreciated by the Prime Minister’s office and is being considered for extension to the rest of the country by Ministry of Women and Child Development.
Child Labour is basically exploitation or destruction of children through any form of work that deprives children of their childhood, and are tend to work for someone even if they do not wish to. It interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and is mentally, physically, socially and morally harmful. Such exploitation is prohibited by legislation worldwide,[4][5] although these laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, family duties, supervised training, etc.,. Child labour is not a recent problem, it has been from the past era. Child labour forms an intrinsic part of pre-industrial economies. In pre-industrial societies, there is rarely a concept of childhood in the modern sense. Children often begin to actively participate in activities such as child rearing, hunting and farming as soon as they are competent. In many societies, children as young as 13 are seen as adults and engage in the same activities as adults. In the previous centuries, children were tend to a little bit of Industry work, and for them there was no childhood term.
Situations in different centuries-
Early 20th century
In the early 20th century, thousands of boys were employed in glass making industries. Glass making was a dangerous and tough job especially without the current technologies. The process of making glass includes intense heat to melt glass (3133 °F). When the boys are at work, they are exposed to this heat. This could cause eye trouble, lung ailments, heat exhaustion, cuts, and burns. Since workers were paid by the piece, they had to work productively for hours without a break. An estimated 1.7 million children under the age of fifteen were employed in American industry by 1900.
21st century
Child labour is still common in many parts of the world. Estimates for child labour vary. It ranges between 250 and 304 million, if children aged 5–17 involved in any economic activity are counted. If light occasional work is excluded, ILO estimates there were 153 million child labourers aged 5–14 worldwide in 2008. This is about 20 million less than ILO estimate for child labourers in 2004. Some 60 percent of the child labour was involved in agricultural activities such as farming, dairy, fisheries and forestry. Another 25% of child labourers were in service activities such as retail, hawking goods, restaurants, load and transfer of goods, storage, picking and recycling trash, polishing shoes, domestic help, and other services. The remaining 15% laboured in assembly and manufacturing in informal economy, home-based enterprises, factories, mines, packaging salt, operating machinery, and such operations. Two out of three child workers work alongside their parents, in unpaid family work situations. Some children work as guides for tourists, sometimes combined with bringing in business for shops and restaurants. Child labour predominantly occurs in the rural areas (70%) and informal urban sector (26%).
Causes of Child labour
The major causes are stated below-
Poverty
‘Poverty is certainly the greatest single force driving children into the workplace.’ When families cannot afford to meet their basic needs like food, water, education or health care, they have no choice but to send their children to work to supplement the household income. Poverty is considered as one of the most important causes of child labour as it is linked to other driving factors including: low literacy and numeracy rates, lack of decent work opportunities, natural disasters and climate change, conflicts and mass displacement. Poverty and child labour form a vicious cycle, without tackling one, we cannot eradicate the other.
Lack of access to quality education
‘The availability and quality of schooling is among the most important factors.’ School needs to be a welcoming environment, with appropriate class sizes, a curriculum designed for the local context, and affordable for rural communities. Getting children into school and out of harmful work is one thing but keeping them there a means creating quality education accessible for all.
Poor access to decent work
‘Children who were involved in child labour often lack the basic educational grounding which would enable them to acquire skills and to improve their prospects for a decent adult working life.’ If young people cannot access work which is safe, with social protection, fair pay, equality for men and women and which provides a space for workers to express their opinions, they often have no choice but to do work which is hazardous. When children above the minimum working age are doing hazardous work, this is also considered child labour.
Limited understanding of child labour
‘The view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children.’ When families do not understand the dangers of child labour, and how these impact on the health, safety, well-being and future of their child, they are more likely to send their children to work. Some cultural beliefs and social norms can also be drivers of child labour.
Natural disasters & climate change
‘In rural areas, farmers who see their crops destroyed on account of climate changes have no other choice but to send their children out to work.’ The effects of natural disasters and climate change is one which is becoming of increasing concern. Rural families who depend on reliable seasons for farming are particularly vulnerable to altered patterns of rainfall, soil erosion, or extreme weather. When crops are destroyed or farming land is ruined, families struggle to make a living and are more likely to send their children to work in neighbouring farms.
Conflicts & mass migration
‘There is a strong correlation between child labour and situations of conflict and disaster’ According to the ILO children make up more than half of the total number of people displaced by war. These children are particularly vulnerable to forms of exploitation, including child labour, due to an increase in economic shocks, a breakdown of social support, education and basic services, and disruption of child protection services. The incidence of child labour in countries affected by conflict is almost twice as high as the global average. Children are also vulnerable to becoming involved in armed conflict, this is considered one of the Worst Forms of Child Labour.
Fighting child labour
SDG Goal 8.7 calls for the elimination of all forms of child labour by 2025. With 152 million children involved in child labour worldwide, we still have a long way to go. Programmes and policies which take into account the voices of the communities where child labour occurs, and the root causes, can advance real and sustainable progress in the fight against child labour.
What needs to be done to stop child labour in India?
Much more has to be done in the political landscape to stop exploitative child labour in India: the laws against child labour must be further tightened and more strictly enforced. In addition, it is important to combat extreme poverty, a root cause of child labour. Addressing poverty and inequality is crucial to end child labour in India.
Access to education is also vital to break the vicious cycle of poverty and child labour. As children complete higher levels of education, they are more likely to find decent work in adulthood and can use their income to care for themselves and their families without relying on child labour. Although education is compulsory and free in India for children up to the age of 14, widespread poverty forces families to prioritize putting food on the table over sending their children to school. As a result, many children attend school irregularly or not at all because they have to work instead.
Cyber Crime is an illegal activity or crime which involves computer and a computer network. It can a also be a crime wherein a computer is targeted either to retrieve an information or for other harmful purposes. Cyber Crime can harm someone’s security and Financial Health. There are many privacy concerns surrounding Cybercrime when confidential information is intercepted or disclosed, lawfully or otherwise. Internationally, both governmental and non-state actors engage in cybercrimes, including espionage, financial theft, and other cross-border crimes. Cybercrimes crossing international borders and involving the actions of at least one nation-state are sometimes referred to as cyberwarfare. Warren Buffet describes Cybercrime as the “number one problem with mankind” and “poses real risks to humanity. Most, but not all, cybercrime is committed by cybercriminals or hackers who want to make money. Cybercrime is carried out by individuals or organizations. Some cybercriminals are organized, use advanced techniques and are highly technically skilled. Others are novice hackers. Rarely, cybercrime aims to damage computers for reasons other than profit. These could be political or personal.
Types of Cybercrime
1. Phishing: using fake email messages to get personal information from internet users;
2. Misusing personalinformation (identity theft);
3. Hacking: shutting down or misusing websites or computer networks;
4. spreading hate and inciting terrorism;
5. distributing child pornography;
6. grooming: making sexual advances to minors.
Nowadays, all digital devices (including computers, tablets, and smartphones) are connected to the internet. And, hence the devices are more prone to cyber crime.
Categories of Cyber Crime
Cyber crime falls under two main categories-
Criminal activity that targets
Criminal activity that uses computers to commit other crimes.
Cybercrime that targets computers often involves viruses and other types of malwares.
Cybercriminals may infect computers with viruses and malware to damage devices or stop them working. They may also use malware to delete or steal data.
Cybercrime that stops users using a machine or network, or prevents a business providing a software service to its customers, is called a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack.
Cybercrime that uses computers to commit other crimes may involve using computers or networks to spread malware, illegal information or illegal images.
Sometimes cybercriminals conduct both categories of cybercrime at once. They may target computers with viruses first. Then, use them to spread malware to other machines or throughout a network.
Cybercriminals may also carry out what is known as a Distributed-Denial-of-Service (DDos) attack. This is similar to a DoS attack but cybercriminals use numerous compromised computers to carry it out.
How to protect yourself from cyber crime
Now you have learned about cyber crimes, so let’s also know how to stay protected from it. Here are some points to consider-
Keep software and operating system updated– ensures that you benefit from the latest security patches to protect your computer.
Use antivirus and keep it updated– Using anti-virus or a comprehensive internet security solution like Kaspersky Total Security, Mc Afee, Quick heal, and other antivirus softwares are a smart way to protect your system from attacks. Anti-virus software allows you to scan, detect and remove threats before they become a problem. Having this protection in place helps to protect your computer and your data from cybercrime, giving you piece of mind. If you use anti-virus software, make sure you keep it updated to get the best level of protection.
Use strong passwords– Be sure to use strong passwords that people will not guess and do not record them anywhere. Or use a reputable password manager to generate strong passwords randomly to make this easier.
Never open attachments in spam emails– A classic way that computers get infected by malware attacks and other forms of cybercrime is via email attachments in spam emails. Never open an attachment from a sender you do not know.
Do not click on links in spam emails or untrusted websites- Another way people become victims of cybercrime is by clicking on links in spam emails or other messages, or unfamiliar websites. Avoid doing this to stay safe online.
Do not give out personal information unless secure- Never give out personal data over the phone or via email unless you are completely sure the line or email is secure. Make certain that you are speaking to the person you think you are.
Contact companies directly about suspicious requests- If you get asked for data from a company who has called you, hang up. Call them back using the number on their official website to ensure you are speaking to them and not a cybercriminal.
Be mindful of which website URLs you visit- Keep an eye on the URLs you are clicking on. Do they look legitimate? Avoid clicking on links with unfamiliar or spammy looking URLs. If your internet security product includes functionality to secure online transactions, ensure it is enabled before carrying out financial transactions online.
Keep an eye on your bank statements- Our tips should help you avoid falling foul of cybercrime. However, if all else fails, spotting that you have become a victim of cybercrime quickly is important. Keep an eye on your bank statements and query any unfamiliar transactions with the bank. The bank can investigate whether they are fraudulent.
Governments Role
Government is also working to minimize such crimes taking place everyday, as the no. of such cases are increasing day-by-day. Government has also created a separate branch for this named Cyber Cell.
How can you file a complaint in cyber cell?
Few simple steps are as follows-
The very first step to file a cyber-crime complaint is to register a written complaint with the cyber-crime cell of the city are currently in.
When filing the cyber crime complaint, you need to provide your name, contact details, and address for mailing. You need to address the written complaint to the Head of the Cyber Crime Cell of the city where you are filing the cyber crime complaint.
In case you are a victim of online harassment, a legal counsel can be approached to assist you with reporting it to the police station. Additionally, you may be asked to provide certain documents with the complaint. This would, however, depend on the nature of the crime.
Register a Cyber Crime FIR: If you do not have access to any of the cyber cells in India, you can file a First Information Report (FIR) at the local police station. In case your complaint is not accepted there, you can approach the Commissioner or the city’s Judicial Magistrate.
Certain cyber crime offenses come under the Indian Penal Code. You can register a cyber crime FIR at the nearest local police station to report them.
Most of the cyber crimes that are covered under the Indian Penal Code are classified as cognizable offenses. A cognizable offense is the one in which a warrant is not required for an arrest or investigation.
Zero FIR offers some solace to victims of cases that require immediate attention/investigation as it avoids wasting time in enlisting the offense on police records.
OVERWIEW It has been a major step for our education sector. The policy that we were following before was the National Policy on Education (NPE) formulated by the Government of India to promote and regulate education in India. The policy covered elementary education to higher education in both rural and urban India. The first NPE was promulgated by the Government of India by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1968, the second by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1986, and the third by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2020. THE EDUCATION POLICIES In 1968 The government of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announced the first National Policy on Education in 1968, which called for a “radical restructuring” and proposed equal educational opportunities in order to achieve national integration and greater cultural and economic development. The policy called for fulfilling compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14, as stipulated by the Constitution of India and specialized training and qualification of teachers. The policy called for a focus on the learning of regional languages, outlining the “three-language formula” to be implemented in secondary education – the instruction of the English language, the official language of the state where the school was based, and Hindi. Language education was seen as essential to reduce the gulf between the intelligentsia and the masses. Although the decision to adopt Hindi as the national language had proven controversial, the policy called for the use and learning of Hindi to be encouraged uniformly to promote a common language for all Indians. The policy also encouraged the teaching of the ancient Sanskrit language, which was considered an essential part of India’s culture and heritage. The NPE of 1968 called for education spending to increase to six percent of the national income. In 1986 The government led by Rajiv Gandhi introduced a new National Policy on Education. The main points of this policy was that, it was called for “special emphasis on the removal of disparities and to equalize educational opportunity,” especially for Indian women, Scheduled Tribes (ST) and the Scheduled Caste (SC) communities; to achieve such social integration, the policy called for expanding scholarships, adult education, recruiting more teachers from the SCs, incentives for poor families to send their children to school regularly, the development of new institutions, and providing housing and services. The NPE called for a “child-centred approach” in primary education and launched “Operation Blackboard” to improve primary schools nationwide; the policy expanded the open university system with the Indira Gandhi National Open University, which had been created in 1985; the policy also called for the creation of the “rural university” model, based on the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, to promote economic and social development at the grassroots level in rural India; 1986-education policy expected to spend 6% of GDP on education. 2020 In 2019, the Ministry of Human Resource Development released a Draft New Education Policy 2019, which was followed by a number of public consultations. The Draft NEP discusses reducing curriculum content to enhance essential learning, critical thinking and more holistic experiential, discussion-based and analysis-based learning. It also talks about a revision of the curriculum and pedagogical structure from a 10+2 system to a 5+3+3+4 system design in an effort to optimize learning for students based on the cognitive development of children. On 29 July 2020, the cabinet approved a new National Education Policy with an aim to introduce several changes to the existing Indian education system. RECENT EDUCATION POLICY 2020 BRIEF Another major step taken in the History of India becoming a global superpower was awaited with the change in the Education Policy. In 2019, Modi Government released a draft which stated about changing the Education Policy. It was approved by the Union Cabinet at a meeting presided by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Wednesday, 29th July 2020. The new education system aims at bringing in transformation reforms in the education system of schools and higher education. Replacing the 34-year old education system is another major move in the direction of strengthening India as a global power. The new NEP also includes the renaming of the HRD Ministry back to the Education Ministry. Promoting the spirit of “Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat”, Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted, “Aspects such as widening the availability of scholarships, strengthening infrastructure for Open and Distance Learning, Online Education, and increasing the usage of technology have received great attention in the NEP. These are vital reforms for the education sector.” Key Points- ~All higher education institutes excluding the medical and law colleges will be governed by a single regulator. ~MPhil courses will now be terminated. ~Board exams will now be more application and knowledge-based. ~Both the public and private higher education institutes will be governed under the same norms. ~To promote and give more emphasis on the regional language/mother-tongue, instruction medium up to class 5 will be in local/home languages. ~All entrance exams for higher education institutes and universities will be held commonly. ~School curriculum to focus more on core concepts. ~Vocational education will also be imparted from 6th grade onwards. 10+2 study cultures discontinue and new structure of 5+3+3+4 will be followed, subjecting to the respective age group of 3-8, 8-11, 11-14, and 14-18 years. These were all the changes in detail that were proposed and introduced in the New Education Policy 2020.
Overview Animal Cruelty also called animal abuse, cruelty to animals or animal neglect is a range of behaviors harmful to animals, from neglect to malicious killing. Intentional cruelty can run the gamut from knowingly depriving an animal of food, water, shelter, socialization, or veterinary care to maliciously torturing, maiming, mutilating, or killing an animal. They face a lot of mishappenings and still they fight for themselves. There is no humanity left within human beings. They act Insane. They do not pity the animals. The way animals are treated is just so pathetic and disturbing. For no reason, they are beaten up, they are being raped, and they are were killed then. Many suffer through this daily, and in the end, they give up and lose their lives. The animals whose abuse is most often reported are dogs, cats, horses, and livestock. Undercover investigations have revealed that animal abuse abounds in the factory farm industry. But because of the weak protections afforded to livestock under state cruelty laws, only the most shocking cases are reported, and few are ever prosecuted. What our role was, and what are we actually doing? Instead of providing them love, care, and help we fail to even consider them living organisms. We disrespect them and make them feel that they are not part of society as living organisms. In recent times, there has been a rise in the number of such cases. Cases have been reported from every part of India. There was a recent case from the streets of Ludhiana, where a dog was beaten to death by a security guard, the dog’s mistake was that he was less strong than human beings. He fought for his life for two days and he couldn’t survive after that. There is not just one case but a thousand no. Of cases, and some which we don’t even know. We see no action taken against the people who make animal abuse happen. Statistics Humans hurt, maimed, killed, and even raped almost 5 lakh animals between 2010 and 2020, according to the latest report on violence against animals in India. The report, published by the Federation of Indian Animal Protection Organizations (FIAPO) and All Creatures Great and Small (ACGS), says that in the said period a total of 4,93,910 animals became victims of crimes committed by humans. The report says these include over 2,300 gruesome and intentional acts of violence that led to the animal’s death or irreparable harm. As per the report, out of the 1,000-assault cases recorded against the animals, 82 cases were of sexual abuse, 266 cases of cold-blooded murder, and over 400 cases were of violent attacks of beating, kicking, torturing, throwing acid or boiling water, maiming a part of the body, attacking with a knife or a blunt object. According to the report, the year 2019 saw the highest number of cases of crimes against animals (700 cases). Additionally, almost 4,230 dogs were killed by mass culling drives across the country in the past five years alone. “Because they are animals, people tend to underplay the violence by calling it cruelty. But it’s more than cruelty. It’s physical abuse; it’s psychological abuse; it’s rape; it’s murder. Severe crimes against animals must be treated as a felony,” Varda Mehrotra, executive director, FIAPO, said.
Milkha Singh, a legend in the history of Sports and Athletics was an Indian track and field sprinter born on 20th November, 1929. He was born in a Sikh family in Govindpura, a village 10 km from Muzaffargarh city in Punjab Province. He had 14 other siblings, eight of them died during the partition of India. Milkha was orphaned during the partition, when his parents were killed by a Muslim mobs in violence. He witnessed the killings.
After seeing the deadly situation in Punjab, he decided to escape and came to Delhi, India in 1947 and lived with the family of his married sister for a short period of time. He was imprisoned in Tihar Jail for travelling in Train without ticket. His sister, Ishvar helped him in getting released. He spent his further some time at Refugee Camp , at Purana Quila and at a resettlement colony in Shahdara, both in Delhi.
Milkha was discontented with his life and decided to become a dacoit, but was instead persuaded by his brother, Malkhan, to attempt to the recruitment to the Indian Army. He successfully gained entrance on his fourth attempt, in 1951, and while stationed at the Electrical Mechanical Engineering Centre in Secunderbad he was introduced to athletics. He had run the 10 km distance to and from school as a child and was selected by the army for special training in athletics after finishing sixth in a compulsory cross-country run for new recruits. Singh has acknowledged how the army introduced him to sport, saying that “I came from a remote village, I didn’t know what running was, or the Olympics”.
International Career
He was introduced to athletics and sports when he was recruited in Indian Army, at the Electrical Mechanical Engineering Centre in Secundarbad. He represented India in the 200 and 400 m competitions held in Olympics at Melbourne in 1956. In 1958, Singh set records for the 200m and 400m in the National Games of India, held at Cuttack, and also won gold medals in the same events at the Asian Games. He then won a gold medal in the 400m (440 yards at this time) competition at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games with a time of 46.6 seconds. This latter achievement made him the first gold medalist at the Commonwealth Games from independent India. Before Vikas Gowda won the gold in 2014, Milkha was the only Indian male to have won an individual athletics gold medal at those Games.
Jawaharlal Nehru tried to convince Milkha Singh to set aside his memories of his past during the Partition era, to focus on the to race successfully in 1960 against Abdul Khaliq in Pakistan, where a post-race comment by the then General Ayub Khan led to him acquiring the nickname of The Flying Sikh. At the 1962 Asian Games, held in Jakarta, Singh won gold in the 400m and in the 4 x 400m relay. He attended the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo, where he was entered to compete in the 400m, the 4 x 100m relay and the 4 x 400m relay. He did not take part in either the 400m or the 4 x 100m relay and the Indian team of Milkha Singh, Makhan Singh, Amrit Pal and Ajmer Singh were eliminated when they finished fourth in the heat stages of the 4 x 400m.
There have been claims that Singh won 77 of his 80 races, but these are spurious. The number of races in which he participated is not verified, nor is the number of victories, but he lost a 400m race at the 1964 National Games in Calcutta to Makhan Singh and he did not finish first in any of his four races at the 1960 Olympic Games or the aforementioned qualification races at the 1956 Olympics.
Singh’s time in the 1960 Olympics 400m final, which was run on a cinder track, set a national record that stood until 1998 when Paramjit Singh exceeded it on a synthetic track and with fully automatic timing that recorded 45.70 seconds. Although Singh’s Olympic result of 45.6 seconds had been hand-timed, an electronic system at those Games had determined his record to be 45.73.
Later Life
Milkha was promoted from the rank of sepoy to junior commissioned officer in recognition of his successes in the 1958 Asian Games. He subsequently became Director of Sports in Punjab Ministry of Education, a post he retired from in 1998.
Milkha was awarded the Padma Shri, India’s fourth-highest civilian award, following his success in 1958. In 2001, he turned down an offer of the Arjuna Award from the Indian government, arguing that it was intended to recognize young sports people and not those such as him. He also thought that the Award was being inappropriately given to people who had little notable involvement as active sports people at all. He said that “I have been clubbed with sportspersons who are nowhere near the level that I had achieved” and that the award had become devalued. While sharing his wealth of experience in a college in Goa on 25 August 2014, he also said, “The awards nowadays are distributed like ‘prasad’ in a temple. Why should one be honored when he or she has not achieved the benchmark for the award? I rejected the Arjuna I was offered after I received the Padma Shri. It was like being offered an SSC [secondary school] certificate after securing a Masters degree.”
All of Singh’s medals have been donated to the nation. They were displayed at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi and later moved to a sports museum in Patiala, where a pair of running shoes that he wore in Rome are also displayed. In 2012, he donated the Adidas shoes that he had worn in the 1960 400m final to be sold in a charity auction organized by actor Rahul Bose.
Milkha was admitted to the intensive care unit at Fortis Hospital in Mohali on 24 May 2021 with pneumonia caused by COVID-19. His condition was, for a while, described as stable, but he died on 18 June 2021 at 11:30 PM IST. His wife, Nirmal Kaur, had died a few days earlier on 13 June 2021, also due to COVID-19.
Education is not just about learning and acquiring knowledge bookish knowledge, it also includes training yourself to face the outside world, and also applying your knowledge physically to the outside field. So, as to keep in mind what actual education means, we can say that Training and Internship are an integral part of it.
What basically training is, and why is it important? Training is teaching, developing skills, polishing skills to acquire a particular target or a task. It has the ability to improve one capabilities, capacities, performances, and productivity. It is the fundamental block of acquiring professional skills and knowledge in order to compete with the outside world. Training is basically a task-oriented activity aimed at improving performance in current or future jobs. Talking about why is it important, here are some points-
1. It helps the trainee cope with the technical challenges in the environment, I.e., training helps the trainee be up to date about the technologies and related information and helps in acquiring such skills.
2. Due to modern inventions, new technologies, and diversification of most of the organizations have become very complex, due to which there is a lack of coordination. To cope up with such situations and organizations, training has become an initial part of the process.
3. It helps and gives experience in dealing with human relations. It provides us the core idea of what is to be done, and these days, most companies look for someone who has a certain experience in dealing with human problems.
4. It provides the trainee with a great understanding of their responsibilities and the knowledge and skill required to do that job.
5. Training is to develop specific and useful knowledge, skills, and techniques. It is intended to prepare people to carry out predetermined tasks in well-defined job contexts.
Training alone does not make a person skillful, but internships are also part of it. Now talking about what is Internship, and why is it important? An internship is basically executing the skills and knowledge acquired by students or trainees in the past. It is a form of experiential learning and integration of knowledge gained in classrooms and physical application and skill development in a professional setting. It can be paid or unpaid depending upon the preferences, tasks, requirements, and many other factors. The unpaid internships are meant mainly for experience on how to work with different organizations, how to deal with public problems, how to manage things, how to take up responsibilities or to satisfy requirements for the qualifications. It can be said that it provides you with the reality of whether the field that you are working in is your interest or not? It gives you a clear idea about what you have and what you want. In addition, an internship can be used to build a professional network that can assist with letters of recommendation or lead to future employment opportunities. Also, it benefits the employer who was working as a part-time intern and now wants to work as full-time interns, as they will be already familiar with the working of the organization.
Why are Internships important? They are important because –
1. They provide real-time experience and exposure which is necessary for your working career. Also, it allows students to harness the skill, knowledge, and theoretical practice they learned in university.
2. The experiences we go through are what shapes us. Your internship will not only encourage personal development, but also a greater understanding of self. To know yourself is to know your goals and how to best achieve them. It provides you with a fair idea of how you have to learn from your experiences.
3. It enables you to connect with other people in professional terms. It helps to make a professional network, which leads to an exchange of information, knowledge, and services, etc. Sure, you can attend a networking event, but it would not provide you with such knowledge, connections, and experience and you would be limiting yourself.
4. If you are really worried about how to develop your CV, or how to make it more effective, trust me the best way to do it is to take up an internship, it will not only make your CV better, but it will also reflect how responsible you are, and also you can manage things well.
5. Sometimes, after graduating maybe you don’t get jobs, or doing a job immediately is not beneficial. Internships can help you overcome this problem. If you have never worked full-time before, the change may be difficult or overwhelming. In a working environment, not every boss is tolerant of mistakes. So, you can get a basic idea on how to work and you can know your mistakes through it and learn from them.
So this what thing is important about Training and Internships. Both are an integral part of the process of learning.
I would like to end this by quoting the lines of Eva Chen, director of fashion, Instagram
“My advice for young people is, study what you love and intern in what you want to do. And I think it’s okay to pivot as many times as you need to.”
Eduindex News 