Day: September 10, 2017
Why Politicians Don’t Care For Human Rights Of Our Soldiers?
Let me begin at the beginning itself by stating that I feel most hurt whenever I hear politicians criticizing our soldiers who every second while in service put their own life in jeopardy so that we all citizens can live our life without any fear. My grievance is not just against Azam Khan alone who most recently poured venom against our soldiers and equated them with rapists and justified violence against them by saying “Soldiers have been beaten by women in Kashmir, Jharkhand and Assam and their private parts were chopped off. The truth is that women are forced to act against Army rapists. It is a message that Hindustan should be ashamed of.” It is against the political class as a whole who have always treated our brave soldiers with contempt for reasons known best to them. They keep quiet when soldiers like Lieutenant Umar Fayyaz are brutally murdered after kidnapping him unarmed from a wedding ceremony at gunpoint! They don’t utter a word on dreaded terror outfit ISIS flags being openly waved in Kashmir!
It merits no reiteration that Indian Army is among the most disciplined forces in the world and misconduct is not tolerated even to a bare minimum. We have seen how many times soldiers are court martialled even on the slightest of misconduct what to talk about rape yet our politicians feel that our soldiers of Army commit heinous crimes like rape and women have to act against them as no action is taken against them by Army! This is nothing but utter nonsense and a white lie!
Azam Khan’s utter callous and false remarks have brutally hurt the sentiments of all those not just in the Army but also all those like me who inspite of not being in the Army always hold our soldiers in the highest esteem and no accusations will ever shatter my unflinching faith on our brave and most disciplined soldiers! This alone explains why whenever there is flood or any other crisis in any part of India which includes Jammu and Kashmir, the local population themselves demand that they want the help of not just police but also of Army because soldiers are best disciplined to help everyone without any bias or prejudice! Does Azam Khan and other politicians like him not know this simple and plain irrefutable fact? It was disclosed by Col RSN Singh in a news channel that this Azam Khan was rusticated from the college where he was studying for misbehaving with a woman and still such politicians who themselves don’t have clean record shamelessly accuse our Indian Army soldiers of indulging in rapes!
It is just not fair to tar all soldiers with one brush. There are black sheep in every field. Whenever Army finds that a black sheep has defamed its impeccable reputation it does not waste any time in taking the strictest action against him no matter how senior he may be!
Justice Markandey Katju who is a a former Judge of Supreme Court had once famously said that, “Politicians of India are rogues and scoundrels.” He had squarely blamed them for all the ills of India. Why our politicians don’t accept this and rather point accusing fingers at Army who are the “real pride” of India without having any concrete proof? Justice Katju had also termed Pakistan and Bangladesh as “fake countries” created solely by Indian politicians. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan who hailed from Pakhtoonistan in Pakistan had once famously said to Jawaharlal Nehru that, “Nehru you have made me a foreigner in my own country by partitioning India”. Why politicians say nothing on this?
Why politicians say nothing on this that Jawaharlal Nehru complicated the Jammu and Kashmir problem by not allowing Indian soldiers a free hand and rushing to UN for ceasefire due to which a large part of Jammu and Kashmir went in the hands of Pakistan called Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK) which even after 70 years later is still with them? Why politicians say nothing on this that the biggest act of communalism was accepting the partition of India on religious lines which was opposed tooth and nail by leaders like Maulana Abul Kalam Azad but they were in minority as most of them wanted India to be partitioned? Why politicians did not refuse to accept the partition of India on the flimsy ground of religion due to which we have been suffering interminably since last 70 years?
Why politicians perpetuated inequality by putting a total full stop on Hindus marrying more than once even though prior to 1947 Hindus were free to marry as many women as they liked because there were no restrictions in Hinduism but did nothing to stop Muslims from marrying more than one except under very exceptional circumstances as is prescribed by their founder Prophet Mohammad itself? Why politicians did not allow Jammu and Kashmir to be fully merged with India? Why politicians ensured a separate flag and separate Constitution and separate laws for the people of Jammu and Kashmir when its Maharaja Hari Singh had unconditionally merged his province into India?
Why politicians have so much of venom against our brave soldiers and so much of soft corner for Pakistan? Why our soldiers have been sacrificing their lives since last 70 years fighting Pakistani troops and terrorists trained and sent by Pakistan into India yet politicians have never nuked all relations with Pakistan even though small countries like Kuwait have severed all links with Pakistan and have asked Pakistanis to vacate Kuwait as they promote terror even though they are not directly affected by proxy war of Pakistan which has always since 1947 been directed only and only against India? Still do our soldiers ever criticize politicians and ask the people to be ashamed of them? No!
Why politicians unilaterally decided to grant Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status to Pakistan way back in 1996 even though they have not granted us the same? Why politicians ruling in Centre have taken a vow that they will not listen to their own senior leaders like Subramanium Swamy what to talk about Shashi Tharoor and under no circumstances will ever withdraw the MFN status conferred wrongly and unilaterally on Pakistan just few years after terrorists sponsored by Pakistan ensured the killings and exodus of lakhs of Hindus and even those Muslims who helped them in any manner way back in 1989? Does Pakistan deserve MFN status? Incidentally China and India both conferred MFN status to each other way back in 1988!
Why politicians are so insensitive towards the sufferings faced by our Indian soldiers who risk their life every second in Siachen glacier, Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland, Assam and other parts of India and care a least for their basic human rights? Why politicians very strongly feel that ordinary criminals like rapists or dacoits or robbers or murderers or any other ordinary criminals not trained by ISI or Pakistani Army are not worthy of being engaged in talks and dialogues rather it is only and only terrorists who are fully trained in rogue nations like Pakistan and fully armed to the teeth to spread maximum destruction in India by killing maximum soldiers and innocents who are best suited to be invited for talks and dialogues? Why politicians appoint interlocutors and declare ceasefire only for terrorists and not for rapists or dacoits or other ordinary criminals not trained in Pakistan or any other foreign country on how best to destroy India?
Why politicians of nearly all political parties were united in according a red carpet welcome to Pakistani invader General Pervez Musharraf who masterminded Kargil war in which we lost more than 600 soldiers as per official figures even though unofficially the figure was quite high and were unanimous in saying that, “Paar baat jab aaygi Pervez ki nahin paar baat jab aaygi Musharraf ki humein to Musharraf chaiyein, humein to Pervez, Pervez, Pervez, Musharraf, Musharraf, Musharraf. Lagta hain bada pyaara dikhta hain bada pyaara.” Even though senior Supreme Court lawyer Aman Lerkhio very strongly felt that Gen Musharraf who was responsible for Kargil war and the brutal killings of hundreds of our brave soldiers should have been arrested right when her landed in India and after being tried for war crimes should have been hanged but see how politicians tom-tommed in front of him even though politician like Sandeep Dixit have no qualm in equating our present Army Chief Gen Bipin Rawat with “Sadak ka Gundaa”! Are politicians on pay role of Pakistan or Musharraf? If not then why so much of kowtowing in front of them and extra soft corner for them?
Why repeatedly Pakistan sends its Border Action Team (BAT) to India with sharp weapons to behead our soldiers, mutilate their bodies and even their private parts are not spared and still politicians keeps tolerating it quietly? During Kargil war Pakistani soldiers captured Captain Saurav Kalia alive along with 5 soldiers of 4 Jat Regiment and brutally tortured them not for 1 day or 2 days or 5 days or 10 days or 15 days or 20 days but for nearly a month before finally shooting them on their head! Their eyes were gouged out after piercing them with hot iron rods, their ears were also cut in similar fashion and their whole body bore signs of cigarette torture! Not just this their fingers too were brutally cut and not just this their private parts were also not spared! They were beaten mercilessly for nearly a month before finally killing them by shooting on their head!
Why politicians gave importance to relations with Pakistan and did not even raise bilaterally the brutal killing of Captain Kalia and 5 soldiers with Pakistan? Why instead Pakistani invader Gen Musharraf who himself admitted that he entered 15-16 km inside Indian territory to boost the morale of his soldiers was given a grand welcome in India and that too just 2 to 3 months after Kargil war? Why for nearly 18 years the father of late Captain Saurabh Kalia is fighting a lone battle in Supreme Court to get justice for his child but Centre did not even provide him a senior and experienced lawyer free of cost as amicus curiae to help him fight the case legally? Why politicians like former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee and former Defence Minister Jaswant Singh backtracked and did nothing even after assuring NK Kalia who is the father of late Captain Saurabh Kalia that they would rake up the brutal killing of his son and 5 soldiers in every international forum and also with Pakistan?
Why politicians are still shamelessly happy with continuing bus service, train service and other service by which Pakistanis and terrorists can very easily enter India and kill innocents? It is because they are themselves not directly affected as they enjoy Z plus security so why should they be bothered? Why politicians are still shamelessly happy with not declaring Pakistan a rogue state and a terror state as demanded by Rajeev Chandrashekhar and keeping a huge army of diplomats in India to directly harm our interests and encourage separatists and help them in all possible manner? Why politicians ruling in Centre are not naming Pakistan as Aatankistaan as demanded by Maulana Mehmood Madani and nuking all relations with Pakistan by boycotting them in every forum as very rightly demanded by Madani?
Why politicians are treating the beheading and mutilation of our brave soldiers as “normal routine” and are not disturbing ties with Pakistan in any manner? Why is the pro-Pakistani lobby in Centre allowed to have the final say in all matters by not disturbing relations with Pakistan in any manner? Are soldiers more important or Pakistan more important for our politicians?
What did India get after releasing the surrendered 93,000 Pakistani prisoners of war after defeating Pakistan in 1971 war? Pakistan didn’t release our 54 prisoners of war and none other than former PM of Pakistan – Zulfikar Ali Bhutto himself testified in his book that he could daily hear the cries of Indian soldiers as they were tortured by Pakistani soldiers whole day and whole night! Why politicians did just nothing to ensure their safe return even though when some politician’s daughter is kidnapped as happened way back in 1989 when Rubaiya Sayyed who was daughter of former Home Minister Mufti Mohammed Sayyid then politicians agreed to release many hard core terrorists who later indulged in a lot of mayhem and killing of innocent people in Kashmir?
Why even PM Narendra Modi has time to crashland in Pakistan and attend the marriage ceremonies of Pakistani PM Nawaz Sharif’s relatives and that too uninvited but has no time to console the wife, parents and children of those unfortunate brave soldiers who are most brutally assaulted, tortured, murdered, beheaded, mutilated and what not? Why Modi listened to his crazy advisers who advised him to unilaterally invite Pakistan’s notorious ISI agents to inspect that very place in Pathankot where terrorists trained by ISI executed merciless killings of our brave soldiers including a Major of Army and all this happened just after Modi’s visit to Pakistan? Why Pakistan refused NIA to even enter their country leave alone interrogate the key suspects? Why politicians shamelessly refuse to learn any lesson from history?
Why a consistent hardline approach is not followed with Pakistan? Why even after winning 1971 war with Pakistan did politicians not take back whole of PoK from Pakistan and ensured the safe release of 54 Indian soldiers who were condemned to suffer endlessly at the hand of Pakistani Army and ISI which alone explains why the then Pakistan PM Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had remarked famously that, “Even though we have lost the battle on the ground but politically and diplomatically we have won the game because it is India that has made all the concessions!” Why politicians surrendered the pride and dignity of our brave soldiers so weakly?
Why One Rank One Pension (OROP0 which soldiers were enjoying till 1971 was stopped suddenly soon after winning 1971 war? Why OROP for IAS, IPS and senior generals but not for soldiers who actually fight the real battle on the ground and lay down their invaluable lives for a thankless nation? Why even now OROP has not been fully granted which alone explains why soldiers are still protesting and many have been braving lathis and one ex-soldier had even died while protesting?
Why politicians like Azam Khan are just ready to always level some allegation or the other on our brave soldiers and ask us to be ashamed of them but never feel ashamed by repeatedly compromising with foreign powers and surrendering our nations pride abjectly time and again? Stonepelters in Kashmir are ostensibly paid by their ISI handlers but who pays politicians to always bat in favour of Pakistan and invite this very notorious ISI to inspect the site where terror attack is carried out by terrorists trained and armed by ISI themselves and Pakistani invaders like Gen Pervez Musharraf who masterminded Kargil war in which we lost more than 600 soldiers as per official figures and who even contemplated to nuke India during Kargil war and after attack on Indian Parliament way back in 2001 and paid Rs 1 lakh as cash prize to dreaded Al Qaeda terrorist Iliyas Kashmiri for presenting him a head of an Indian soldier as trophy yet was treated like a royal emperor and given grand welcome just 2 to 3 months after Kargil war without caring for the sentiments of those who lost their bravehearts in Kargil war! It is high time and it is not just the common man but even politicians who must themselves realise that India is safe because of soldiers as they face all dangers which alone explains why no politician ever sends his children to Army! A nation who does not care for human rights of their soldiers who brave all odds to protect our borders and our safety can never survive long!
Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,
s/o Col BPS Sirohi,
A 82, Defence Enclave,
Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,
Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.
NHRC To Govt: Give Rs 5 Lakh Relief To Mohammed Amir Khan Acquitted Of Terror Charges
Coming straight to the nub of the matter, let me begin by first and foremost expressing my profound dismay and utmost dejection to learn that Mohammad Amir Khan was long incarcerated in prison for 14 years on terror charges even though he was later acquitted. Not me nor anyone else except the person who has been “wrongly framed” as a “terrorist” can understand the horrendous pain and irreparable loss suffered to his reputation and normal living as well as his whole family. I have no words to express my feelings when I learn of such cases.
Let me be forthright in saying that every Indian must learn patriotism from Mohammad Amir Khan. Even after losing his father who felt heart broken when everyone in society used to mock him as “father of terrorist” and even after his mother too becoming paralysed due to shock and trauma and later dying and he himself being incarcerated for 14 long years in prison and that too in his prime age from 18 to 32, he still swears by India and feels proud to be an Indian. He never raised anti-India slogans unlike what we saw sometime back in JNU campus where educated Indians were chanting slogans in support of Afzal Guru and decrying India. They were openly shouting “Bharat teri barbadi tak jung ladenge, jung ladenge. Ek nahin do nahin hazaar tukde karenge bharat tere. Afzal tere hatyare abhi zinda hain hum sharminda hain hum sharminda hain etc”. They all must study what happened with Mohammad Amir Khan who inspite of all his untold and unending sufferings still feels proud to call himself an Indian and must imbibe some love for their motherland just like Mohammad Amir Khan!
Truth be told, in a deeply touching book which he wrote with Nandita Haksar titled “Framed As A Terrorist: My 14-Year Struggle To Prove My Innocence”, he describes how when he was 20, one late-winter evening in February 1998, in a by-lane of Old Delhi which was close to his home, he was picked up by plainclothes policemen, and driven to a torture chamber. He recounted his most harrowing experiences of days and nights of most brutal torture: He was stripped naked, his legs stretched to extremes, boxed, kicked, subject to electric shocks, anti-Muslim abuse and threats to frame his parents. He finally succumbed and agreed to sign numerous blank sheets and diaries. As a result, he was charged in 19 cases of terror crimes.
It needs no rocket scientist to conclude that if the police had damning proof of his involvement in terror cases, it would not have taken 14 long years to prove it. More importantly, Mohammad Amir would not have been exonerated in 18 of 20 cases if he was actually a terrorist. Those guilty of wrongly framing him as a terrorist deserve the most strictest punishment on earth. They have ruined his whole life and are also responsible for the untimely death of his parents as a result of the mental shock which they suffered due to him being wrongly labelled a terrorist!
While craving for the exclusive indulgence of my esteemed readers, let me inform them that observing that the actions of the state authorities took away “14 prime and precious years” of a man’s life, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has recommended that the Delhi government pay Rs 5 lakh as interim relief to Mohammad Amir Khan – incarcerated since he was 18 – who was acquitted in cases of terror. This amount is a very small amount for the terrible sufferings, worst torture and irreparable loss that he suffered in last 14 years and even thereafter till now. He should have been awarded at least Rs 5 crore. But better something than nothing!
For my esteemed readers exclusive benefit, let me also inform them that in an order dated November 8, 2016, the NHRC noted that the Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP), Vigilance, had forwarded an inquiry report to the NHRC, stating that Amir Khan was arrested in cases related to a series of bomb blasts in Delhi and its adjoining states in 1996-1997. The DCP said Khan was convicted in two cases and appeals against his acquittal in two other cases were pending before the Delhi High Court. But NHRC was not convinced by what the DCP stated.
As it turned out, the NHRC order said very categorically that, “The reply to the showcause notice is not based on merits. The notice was issued on the point of acquittal of the victim in 18 cases by the courts and long incarceration of the victims in prison. The commission is not concerned with appeals pending in two cases. The fact is the victim had to spend 14 years in prison for no reason, violating his rights. The commission finds no merits in the report of the DCP, Vigilance, and recommends that Rs 5,00,000 as interim relief be paid to him.” The NHRC also noted that, “The victim has been acquitted in 18 of 20 cases by astonishing acknowledgement of lack of evidence.” This is most astounding, to say the least.
Let me be direct in saying: All those police officers and cops who were involved in any manner in framing wrongly terror charges on him must be publicly named and tried for implicating an innocent person as “terrorist”. Under no circumstances should they be allowed to escape scot free. A very strong and loud message must go out: Those cops and police officers who dare to wrongly frame an innocent as terrorist would have to give huge damage as compensation to the person wrongly framed as terrorist and would have to land behind bars for the rest of their life. But most unfortunately, we don’t see any such thing happening in India which alone explains why many times we find that an innocent like Mohammad Amir Khan is wrongly framed as terrorist.
Be it noted, Amir Khan, who has been trying to stitch his life together since his release in 2012 said if the NHRC’s recommendation is implemented, this would be the first time that he will receive financial assistance from the government. Amir Khan also said that, “I welcome the decision. Financial assistance would help rebuild my life. But what I need more is a job to support my family. A job will restore my dignity and respect in society. I once dreamt of being a pilot but I could not complete my studies.” Most tragic and most disappointing! No money, no award and no honour can ever in life compensate him for the irreparable loss and untold sufferings that he wrongly suffered and still he feels proud to be an Indian! India needs many more Indians like him and they must be given the highest award for expressing solidarity with India inspite of undergoing untold sufferings and losing his parents and everything else instead of waving Pakistani flags and chanting anti-India slogans as we saw in JNU and keep seeing in Kashmir Valley!
In hindsight, it can be said that great injustice has been done with Mohammad Amir Khan which cannot be compensated by any Bharat Ratna or crores of rupees or anything else. An NHRC official said that, “Implicating innocent persons would not only go against justice and the rule of law, but also lead to culprits’ escape. During incarceration, the victims suffered the death of his father. His mother became paralysed due to shock and trauma and later died.” He also said that, “We will send a reminder to the government.” It also took note of the conduct certificate Khan was given by the jailor, District Jail, Ghaziabad. Commission officials said the Delhi government was asked to submit proof of payment in six weeks. The six weeks were over on December 29, 2016.
Let me bring out here that his father – Hashim Khan as long as he was alive was present at every hearing. Amir recalls how “Abbu arrived before the courts opened. He went straight to the typists who sit in rows outside the lawyers chambers…He came early so he could get his applications typed…for permission to meet me in the lock up… to give me home-made food…Armed with his application Abbu made his way through the crowds to the court where my case would came up… to catch a glimpse of me”. The police continued to harass his parents, money for lawyers ran out, none came forward for help, as they were stigmatized as parents of a terrorist. This left his father completely heart broken!
Let me also bring out here that on one hearing in 2001, the Judge noticed that his father was absent, and the policeman explained that he was in hospital. The Judge permitted him to see his father for an hour. Surrounded by tubes, Abbu’s first words to him were: “I could not come to your hearing”. Amir recalled how much he was worried for him, but was satisfied that by then he had been acquitted in 11 of the 19 cases. It was in courts week later that he was informed that his father had died. His father was most hurt when all his neighbours mocked at him for being the “father of a terrorist” and avoided to even talk with him let alone rendering any help to him in any manner!
As if this was not enough, the huge burden of fighting his cases fell on his mother alone, who negotiated the uncharted and masculine worlds of courts, jails and lawyers chamber for another 11 years. She started attending court proceedings and carried messages she hardly understood to lawyers and had to remain standing for many hours in court rooms. This took a heavy toll on her health and her mother became bed ridden! Still after being released he took care of his mother in her last days and thanked Allah for it and not once did he raise anti-India slogans nor ever decried India whom he still feels proud of and calls himself an Indian first, always and every time!
What an unbeatable irony that no Judge asked him about the torture nor did the concerned doctors record his torture wounds! He was acquitted in one terror case only to face another terror charge! Imagine a person being acquitted in 18 cases of terror charges! This speaks for itself and is more than enough to lay bare the deep conspiracy hatched against him by men in uniform!
May it be added here that Mohammad Amir Khan was charged in 20 cases for terror crimes and waging war against the nation. He was accused of masterminding 17 low-intensity bomb blasts that occurred in Delhi and neighbouring states between December 1996 and December 1997. A Delhi High Court judgment lambasted while overturning his conviction in one of the cases that, “The prosecution has miserably failed to adduce any evidence to connect the accused appellant with the charges framed, much less prove them.” What more should I say?
With due respect to NHRC, let me voice my personal view that Rs 5 lakh is just nothing! He deserves Rs 5 crore at least and also all those who framed “false terror charges” against him must be arrested, prosecuted and imprisoned without pay and they must also be ordered to pay huge compensation to Mohammad Amir Khan for ruining his entire life! I hope that the amount of Rs 5 lakh will be raised to Rs 5 crore. However, what is of supreme importance is that under no circumstances should they who implicated him falsely in terror cases should ever be allowed to go scot free! No case has shaken me so much in my entire life till now as his after I read about it! It is beyond the capacity of my pen to express in words the boundless courage which he summoned in facing so many harrowing experiences and still reaffirming his hundred percent love for India whom he still proudly calls his motherland! Every Indian must learn something from him!
When Centre can spend crores and crores of rupees on various expenses like security, staying and lodging expenses, visiting foreign countries of Hurriyat leaders who openly rant against India from every possible platform as was brought out by eminent lawyer ML Sharma in his PIL which though was rejected but not before Justice Anil R Dave openly nodded and acknowledged that this irked them also and lamented that, “We also share the same feeling…everybody sitting here feels the same” then why can’t it pay a few crores to Mohammad Amir Khan who has lost his prime age in prison bearing third degree torture for a crime which he never committed and most importantly saw his parents suffering endlessly in front of his own eyes and saw them dying in sorrow for no fault of theirs? It is the bounden duty of Centre to admit the worst suffering wrongly faced by Mohammad Amir Khan and do everything best possible to mitigate the terrible suffering he had to bear through in his prime age for no fault of his by compensating him adequately which he is entitled also legally!
Finally, on a concluding note let me say that his unflinching faith in Indian judiciary and undying optimism and love for his motherland is most touching and that too after suffering so much that cannot be described in words! Every Indian must learn something from him and especially those who raise anti-India slogans and burn Indian flags at the drop of a hat must learn something from him who inspite of losing his whole youth in jail and losing his parents so unjustly still feels proud to be called an Indian! I salute him from the innermost core of my heart! For me he is the biggest national icon whom I have ever known in my entire life till now! He is the real national hero and real national icon at least for me! He lost his parents, his prime age in prison yet he swears by India and not by Pakistan and still loves to be called an Indian! Indian politicians also who spare no opportunity to criticise our Army and Judiciary must also imbibe some invaluable lessons from his real life which he led bravely even after facing so much of upheavals and stop criticising our Army and Judiciary on one pretext or the other which only makes Pakistan very happy!
Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,
s/o Col BPS Sirohi,
A 82, Defence Enclave,
Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,
Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.
Lawyers Of West UP Are Compelled To Strike Repeatedly
What will the lawyers of West UP do on September 11? Strike. What will the lawyers of West UP do on September 12? Strike. What will the lawyers of West UP do on September 13? Strike. What will the lawyers of West UP do on September 14? Strike. In addition there has been no work earlier also in courts of West UP on 7 and 8 September!
The law and order situation in West UP has been in shambles since last many decades but in last few years it has been worst with criminals gunning down even lawyers and police cops. Leave alone women or common man even the lawyers themselves are not safe in West UP. Time and again we hear some lawyer or the other being shot dead in broad daylight most brutally by criminals without any fear of law whatsoever. The Bar Council of UP too had called for strike as protest against killings but what really UP needs is more benches and more Judges in high courts which is truly missing!
Such criminals know fully well that Allahabad High Court has the highest number of pending cases – about 10 lakh as compared to other states where the number of pending cases don’t exceed 1 lakh or at the most 2 lakhs cases! They know that they will easily get bail and by the time cases are finally decided they will die a natural death. This must change which is possible only if at least in my opinion 10 more benches of high court are created in different parts of UP! Such poor, hapless women and girls, for God sake, need more high court benches and not more temples or anti-Romeo squads!
But see the unpalatable irony! Politicians are not prepared to create even a single bench anywhere in UP leave alone West UP even though they are ready to create many temples which is visited only by Hindus and here too they have to also go all the way to Allahabad to attend court hearing as there is no bench in West UP! It is a matter of great shame that Allahabad High Court which last year on March 17had completed its 150th year of establishment has the least benches in India – only one at Lucknow and that too just about 150-200 km away from Allahabad! Why no high court bench in West UP at Meerut or Agra or at Jhansi or some other place?
We all know that Allahabad High Court is the biggest court in whole of Asia and also the oldest court! Still why it has least benches in India only one which is so close to Allahabad created way back in 1948 at Lucknow by Nehruji but see the most dangerous irony that 70 years later with 2018 fast approaching no steps are being taken to create a high court bench anywhere else in UP leave alone West UP even though the 230th report of Law Commission very specifically recommended for the same in big states? Why Dr Manmohan Singh had the guts to create 2 more high court benches for just 4 and 8 districts in Dharwad and Gulbarga in Karnataka but neither he nor any other PM nor the present PM – Narendra Damodardas Modi has the guts to create even more bench not just in West UP but in any hook and corner of UP except the one created by Nehruji in Lucknow way back in 1948?
Why maximum crime, maximum riots, maximum killings all take place in West UP but still no high court bench? Why a lawless state like UP whom former UN Secretary General Ban ki Moon slammed as “the rape and crime capital of India” has least high court benches in India and West UP which owes for more than 57% of the pending cases as acknowledged by Justice Jaswant Singh Commission has not even a single high court bench? Why Karnataka which has less than 7 crore population, less than 2 lakh cases pending has three high court benches but UP which has not 2 lakh or 3 lakh or 4 lakh or 5 lakh or 6 lakh or 7 lakh or 8 lakh or 9 lakh but more than 10 lakh cases pending in high courts and more than 50 lakhs in lower courts which is the highest in India and has more than 22 crore population has least high court benches in India and more than half of the vacancies of Judges in high court are lying vacant? Why this step-motherly treatment for UP which sends maximum MPs to Parliament and West UP in particular?
Why when UP which is among the largest States, has maximum population – more than 22 crore as CM Yogi Adityanath keeps pointing out proudly every now and then, maximum districts – 75, maximum constituencies, maximum MPs – 80, maximum MLAs – 404, maximum PM including Narendra Modi, maximum pending cases – more than 10 lakh and here too West UP accounts for more than half of pending cases as noted by Justice Jaswant Commission about 57%, maximum Judges which earlier was 160 and increased to 200 in high court, maximum vacancies of Judges – 75 in high court, maximum poverty, maximum villages more than one lakh as opposed to other states who have not more than few thousands at the most, maximum cities more than 700, maximum fake encounters killings, custody killings, custodial tortures, maximum dowry cases, maximum rape and gang rape cases, maximum acid throwing cases, maximum bride burning cases, maximum cases of human rights violations, maximum undertrials, maximum cases of crime, loot, arson and riots and here too West UP tops with Saharanpur riots, Meerut riots, Muzaffarnagar riots tarnishing our international reputation to the extent that former UN Secretary General Ban ki Moon termed UP as “crime and rape capital” of India and what not yet Centre is not prepared to create even a single bench for not just West UP but entire UP? Why when UP sends maximum MPs to Lok Sabha – 80, maximum MPs to Rajya Sabha – 30, maximum MLAs to State Assembly – 404 MLAs and maximum members to State Legislative Council – 100 MLAs and yet has least benches – only one and that too just 150 km away from Allahabad at Lucknow?
It is so shocking and disgusting to see that West UP is fast becoming the epicenter of all kinds of crimes, rapes, gangrapes, brutal murders, mass murders, dacoity, robbery and what not! What is even more shocking to see is that all political parties barring Samajwadi Party have openly espoused the creation of a high court bench in West UP but still even after seventy years of independence we see no sign of it happening anytime soon! What is most shocking is that inspite of West UP accounting for more than half of the crime cases all over UP, not a single high court bench has been created here since 1947 till now even though a high court bench was created at Lucknow which is just about 150-200 km away from Allahabad way back on July 1, 1948!
This alone explains why the lawyers of West UP have been demanding a high court bench here since ages! Lawyers in West UP are not safe even from policemen. A lawyer Suresh Raj was brutally thrashed by cops in Greater Noida some time back. Still no FIR was lodged against the erring cops. To protest this, the lawyers of West UP will be on strike fromSeptember 11 to 14 and this may extend even further if still no action is taken. It is most hurting to see that lawyers of West UP are compelled to go on strike again and again! But it seems no one is caring!
What the lawyers of West UP did for full 3 months in 2014-15? Strike demanding a high court bench in West UP and ended only after assurances from Arun Jaitley of looking into the matter! What did Centre do in last 3 years? Nothing but assurances and the most firm assurance from Centre came from none other than Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh!
In 2001, the lawyers of West UP went on strike thus becoming non-practising lawyers not for 6 days or 6 weeks but for full 6 months consecutively demanding high court bench but again they got nothing but only empty assurances! This has happened many times in the past also! Lawyers of West UP have been regularly striking work every Saturdaysince May 1981 demanding the creation of a high court bench in West UP! They protested that Justice Jaswant Singh Commission headed by Justice Jaswant Singh who was a former Supreme Court Judge had recommended the creation of 3 benches in West UP but not a single bench created till now even though benches were created for Aurangabad in Maharashtra, Madurai in Tamil Nadu and Jalpaiguri in West Bengal! We saw how in June newspapers were flooded with breaking news that Brijesh Pathak who is the Law Minister of Uttar Pradesh had firmly reiterated that, “Western Uttar Pradesh will soon have a high court bench. We will discuss the details soon and inform you.” But three months later we are still seeing no action on the ground!
Why even though it was way back in 1955 that Dr Sampoornanand who was the then UP CM had recommended a high court bench at Meerut but Centre refused even though it was approved for Lucknow? Why inspite of recommendations from so many other UP CM – 17 as the President of Meerut Bar – Rohitashawa Kumar Aggarwal disclosed about an year back did we see no high court bench coming up in any of the 26 districts of West UP and when Uttarakhand was also part of West UP and UP about 40 districts? Why there are so many other capitals like Bhopal, Dehradun, Bhubaneshwar, Thiruvananthapuram etc where there is neither high court nor bench but Lucknow inspite of being so close to Allahabad was selected for bench leaving the hilly areas of Uttarakhand and West UP high and dry?
If a high court bench is created it is “poorest of poor” and the most deprived and hapless women who will benefit most as they will be saved from the unnecessary trouble of travelling so far and spending so much extra money, time etc to just attend one hearing alone! Centre must have some pity on woman at least who are most unsafe in lawless UP and especially West UP and immediately order creation of more benches not just in West UP but also in other parts of UP where the crime rate is high! Crime rate is highest in West UP which necessitates creation of bench here on a war footing!
Who will benefit if more high court benches are built – Hindus alone or Muslims alone or Sikhs alone or Christians alone? No, all people of all religions will benefit equally if more high court benches are built especially in UP which is notorious for being the “rape and crime capital of India” as former UN Secretary General Ban ki Moon put it aptly! Then why can’t a single bench be built here more than 70 years after independence in 2018!
Why inspite of BJP leaders being killed most ruthlessly in West UP as happened recently still Centre is taking no steps to create a high court bench in West UP? Why Nehruji had the great guts to set up a high court bench in Lucknow just about 200 km away from Allahabad where high court is located and that too 70 years ago in 1948 and so also Dr Manmohan Singh had the guts to set up 2 more benches for Karnataka which already had a bench at Hubli but no Prime Minister till date with 2018 about to start has summoned the courage to set up not a single more bench in UP leave alone West UP or in Bihar which is another lawless state and which has not even a single high court bench?
Why are lawyers of West UP forced to become non-practising lawyers by going on strike again and again sometimes for 3 months or 6 months or for many weeks or for few days as they will do now on 11, 12, 13 and 14 September, 2017 and everySaturday since 1981 and even many times on Wednesday? Why lawyers including senior lawyers are compelled to block highways, lie down in front of a train and indulge in different form of protest on roads and highways instead of practicing quietly since last many decades and even go on padyatra demanding bench? Why this has just no effect on Centre? Why even Atal Bihari Vajpayee raised the demand of a high court bench in West UP inside Parliament way back in 1986?
Misbauddin Siddiqui who is the President of the Meerut District Bar Association lamented, “The problem is that the Allahabad High Court has the highest number of pending cases. The pressure is huge. Allahabad is very far from Western UP. It is around 800 km from Saharanpur. Eight other high courts are closer to Western UP, and interestingly Lahore High Court in Pakistan is closer than Allahabad High Court. The cost of travelling to Allahabad, and then staying there is huge for poor people. That is why we have been demanding a high court bench. Successive governments have denied us this. Now, we are hopeful as there is the same party in both the Centre and state and the law minister has given us an assurance.” But after nearly six months we still see no signs of any action in creating a bench in West UP! All we see is strike, strike and nothing but strike and no work in the courts of the 26 districts of West UP!
Why the newly appointed Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court Justice Dilip Babasaheb Bhonsle rightly lashed out at the law and order situation in UP and said that in Maharashtra women or girl venture out in night anywhere yet never such incidents of gang rape occur? Yet why Maharashtra has 3 benches and UP only one and West UP none? Why Rajnath Singh who is Union Home Minister while addressing public gathering in Patiyali constituency of Kasarganj district is on record stating in February 2017 that UP reported 7,673 riots, 4660 murder, 4096 robberies and 260 dacoities in just one year yet it has least benches in India and West UP has none where maximum crime incidents are reported?
Why West UP has an area of 98,933 square km which accounts for 33.61 percent of total area of UP and yet no bench but Lucknow in Central region has just 62,363 square km and yet it has a bench? Centre has all the power to create a high court bench in West UP without any recommendation from the state government as the former Attorney General Soli J Sorabjee had rightly said way back in 2001 when he was asked about it. He had rightly said that, “The Centre without any recommendation from the State Chief Minister or Chief Justice of a State is fully empowered under our Constitution to set up a high court bench anywhere it wants at its own volition.” Why Centre ignores blithely what the Chairman of Supreme Court Bar Association Krishna Mani had said quite explicitly that, “Only by the creation of a bench of high court in West UP will the people be able to secure speedy and cheap justice at their doorsteps!” You see for yourself the distance from Allahabad to all major districts of West UP and they are as follows: –
District Distance
Meerut 737 km
Muzzaffarnagar 793 km
Saharanpur 752 km
Ghaziabad 707 km
Bijnore 792 km
Gautambuddhnagar 750 km
Bulandshahr 737 km
Hathras 750 km
Rampur 733 km
Moradabad 762 km
Aligarh 701 km
Mathura 601 km
Agra 564 km
Etah 597 km
Mainpuri 562 km
Shamli 720 km
Hapur 700 km
Sambhal 650 km
Amroha 792 km
Still should a high court bench not be created in West UP? Even former Law Minister Kapil Sibal had recommended creation of a bench as former Union Minister RPN Singh pointed out but the then UP CM Akhilesh Yadav didn’t agree! No Prime Minister in principle has ever opposed the demand for a bench in West UP still we see no bench coming up!
How many points should I write to drive home my billion dollar point that creation of a high court bench in West Up is the crying need of the hour? I can keep going on endlessly as to why West UP must have a high court bench and UP also more benches but what is most shocking is that not a single bench is coming up anywhere in UP even though now both UP and Centre is being ruled by same party – BJP as PM Modi still is no mood to relent! UP CM Yogi Adityanath himself raised the demand for a bench inside Parliament a long time back in 1998-99 but now even he feels helpless as Centre is not relenting! Why? Why Rajinder Aggarwal who is BJP MP from Meerut demanded the setting up of 3 benches in UP at Meerut, Agra and Gorakhpur right inside Parliament and Satyapal Malik another BJP MP who was recently made Union Minister too demanded the setting up of 5 more benches in UP at Meerut, Agra, Jhansi, Gorakhpur and Varanasi but Centre is not prepared to set up even one bench anywhere in UP? Why this senseless stubbornness in denying even a single bench to West UP and UP? This nation wants to know why? When a high court bench can be set up for Andaman and Nicobar Islands at Port Blair for just 3 lakh people residing there and high court for small states like Sikkim, Tripura, Meghalaya and Manipur among others where the population is just few lakhs and cases pending don’t exceed few thousand or even hundred as in Sikkim then why not for more than 9 crore people residing in 26 districts in West UP who are wrongly compelled to travel about 700-800 km on an average as there is no bench in West UP?
Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,
s/o Col BPS Sirohi,
A 82, Defence Enclave,
Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,
Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.
Why Lawyers Of West UP Keep Striking Again And Again?
Coming straight to the nub of the matter, let me begin on a disconcerting note by observing that it is most astonishing that why lawyers of West UP have been regularly going on strike to protest against the non-creation of a high court Bench in West UP since last many decades but no one in the ruling establishment seems to be doing anything to address it. Leave alone women or common man even the lawyers themselves are not safe in West UP. Time and again we hear some lawyer or the other being shot dead in broad daylight most brutally by criminals without any fear of law whatsoever.
Such criminals know fully well that Allahabad High Court has the highest number of pending cases – about 10 lakh as compared to other states where the number of pending cases don’t exceed 1 lakh or at the most 2 lakhs cases! They know that they will easily get bail and by the time cases are finally decided they will die a natural death. This must change which is possible only if at least in my opinion 10 more benches of high court are created in different parts of UP! Such poor, hapless women and girls, for God sake, need more high court benches and not more temples!
But see the unpalatable irony! Politicians are not prepared to create even a single bench anywhere in UP leave alone West UP! It is a matter of great shame that Allahabad High Court which last year on March 17 had completed its 150th year of establishment has the least benches in India – only one at Lucknow and that too just about 150-200 km away from Allahabad! Why no high court bench in West UP at Meerut or Agra or at Jhansi or some other place? We all know that Allahabad High Court is the biggest court in whole of Asia and also the oldest court! Still why it has least benches in India only one which is so close to Allahabad created way back in 1948 but see the most dangerous irony that 70 years later with 2018 fast approaching no steps are being taken to create a high court bench anywhere else in UP leave alone West UP even though the 230th report of Law Commission very specifically recommended for the same in big states? Why Dr Manmohan Singh had the guts to create 2 more high court benches for just 4 and 8 districts in Dharwad and Gulbarga in Karnataka but neither he nor any other PM nor the present PM – Narendra Damodardas Modi has the guts to create even more bench not just in West UP but in any hook and corner of UP except the one created by Jawaharlal Nehru in Lucknow way back in 1948?
As if this is not enough, now lawyers in West UP are not safe even from policemen. A lawyer Suresh Raj was brutally thrashed by cops in Greater Noida some time back. Still no FIR was lodged against the erring cops. To protest this, the lawyers of West UP will be on strike from September 11 to September 14 and this may extend even further if still no action is taken. It is most hurting to see that lawyers of West UP are compelled to go on strike again and again! But it seems no one is caring!
Why can’t a high court bench be set up in West UP even 70 years after independence in 2018 even though a high court bench was set up for Lucknow for just about 8 districts way back in 1948 onJuly 1? Why lawyers of West UP are compelled to go on strike every Saturday since May 1981 to protest against the step-motherly treatment meted out to West UP by denying them even a single high court bench even though Justice Jaswant Singh Commission headed by former Supreme Court Judge Justice Jaswant Singh had very strongly recommended creation of 3 high court benches in West UP and hilly areas adjoining West UP which have now been carved out as a separate state Uttarakhand as the people had to travel thousands of kilometers just to attend a single court hearing in Allahabad high court? Why benches were set up in other states like at Aurangabad in Maharashtra which already had two benches, Madurai in Tamil Nadu and Jalpaiguri in West Bengal but not in West UP?
Why maximum crime, maximum riots, maximum killings all take place in West UP but still no high court bench? Why a lawless state like UP whom former UN Secretary General Ban ki Moon slammed as “the rape and crime capital of India” has least high court benches in India and West UP which owes for more than 57% of the pending cases as acknowledged by Justice Jaswant Singh Commission has not even a single high court bench? Why Karnataka which has less than 7 crore population, less than 2 lakh cases pending has three high court benches but UP which has not 2 lakh or 3 lakh or 4 lakh or 5 lakh or 6 lakh or 7 lakh or 8 lakh or 9 lakh but more than 10 lakh cases pending which is the highest in India and has more than 22 crore population has least high court benches in India and more than half of the vacancies of Judges in high court are lying vacant? Why this step-motherly treatment for UP which sends maximum MPs to Parliament and West UP in particular?
Why when UP which is among the largest States, has maximum population – more than 22 crore as CM Yogi Adityanath keeps pointing out proudly every now and then, maximum districts – 75, maximum constituencies, maximum MPs – 80, maximum MLAs – 404, maximum PM including Narendra Modi, maximum pending cases – more than 10 lakh and here too West UP accounts for more than half of pending cases as noted by Justice Jaswant Commission about 57%, maximum Judges which earlier was 160 and increased to 200 in high court, maximum vacancies of Judges – 75 in high court, maximum poverty, maximum villages more than one lakh as opposed to other states who have not more than few thousands at the most, maximum cities more than 700, maximum fake encounters killings, custody killings, custodial tortures, maximum dowry cases, maximum rape and gang rape cases, maximum acid throwing cases, maximum bride burning cases, maximum cases of human rights violations, maximum undertrials, maximum cases of crime, loot, arson and riots and here too West UP tops with Saharanpur riots, Meerut riots, Muzaffarnagar riots tarnishing our international reputation to the extent that former UN Secretary General Ban ki Moon termed UP as “crime and rape capital” of India and what not yet Centre is not prepared to create even a single bench for not just West UP but entire UP? Why when UP sends maximum MPs to Lok Sabha – 80, maximum MPs to Rajya Sabha – 30, maximum MLAs to State Assembly – 404 MLAs and maximum members to State Legislative Council – 100 MLAs and yet has least benches – only one and that too just 150 km away from Allahabad at Lucknow?
It is so shocking and disgusting to see that West UP is fast becoming the epicenter of all kinds of crimes, rapes, gangrapes, brutal murders, mass murders, dacoity, robbery and what not! What is even more shocking to see is that all political parties barring Samajwadi Party have openly espoused the creation of a high court bench in West UP but still even after seventy years of independence we see no sign of it happening anytime soon! What is most shocking is that inspite of West UP accounting for more than half of the crime cases all over UP, not a single high court bench has been created here since 1947 till now even though a high court bench was created at Lucknow which is just about 150-200 km away from Allahabad way back on July 1, 1948!
Why lawyers of West UP are compelled to go on strike for 6 months in a row as they did in 2001 and for 3 months as they did in 2014-15 and many times go for weeks together demanding a high court bench in West UP? Is it just for fun? Why Centre is doing nothing to address it even though time and again Centre keeps assuring just like Rajnath Singh as also the Law Minister of UP had assured few months back that West UP will soon have a high court bench?Eminent and senior Supreme Court lawyer and former Law Minister Kapil Sibal himself had mentioned as disclosed by another former UPA Union Minister RPN Singh that Kapil Sibal had recommended a high court bench at Meerut but the then state government led by Akhilesh Yadav refused to endorse it!
Why even though it was way back in 1955 that Dr Sampoornanand who was the then UP CM had recommended a high court bench at Meerut but Centre refused even though it was approved for Lucknow? Why inspite of recommendations from so many other UP CM – 17 as the President of Meerut Bar Rohitashawa Aggarwal disclosed about an year back did we see no high court bench coming up in any of the 26 districts of West UP and when Uttarakhand was also part of West UP and UP about 40 districts? Why there are so many other capitals like Bhopal, Dehradun, Bhubaneshwar, Thiruvananthapuram etc where there is neither high court nor bench but Lucknow inspite of being so close to Allahabad was selected for bench leaving the hilly areas of Uttarakhand and West UP high and dry?
If a high court bench is created it is “poorest of poor” and the most deprived and hapless women who will benefit most as they will be saved from the unnecessary trouble of travelling so far and spending so much extra money, time etc to just attend one hearing alone! Centre must have some pity on woman at least who are most unsafe in lawless UP and especially West UP and immediately order creation of more benches not just in West UP but also in other parts of UP where the crime rate is high! Crime rate is highest in West UP which necessitates creation of bench here on a war footing!
Who will benefit if more high court benches are built – Hindus alone or Muslims alone or Sikhs alone or Christians alone? No, all people of all religions will benefit equally if more high court benches are built especially in UP which is notorious for being the “rape and crime capital of India” as former UN Secretary General Ban ki Moon put it aptly!
Why inspite of BJP leaders being killed most ruthlessly in West UP as happened recently still Centre is taking no steps to create a high court bench in West UP? Why Nehruji had the great guts to set up a high court bench in Lucknow just about 200 km away from Allahabad where high court is located and that too 70 years ago in 1948 and so also Dr Manmohan Singh had the guts to set up 2 more benches for Karnataka which already had a bench at Hubli but no Prime Minister till date with 2018 about to start has summoned the courage to set up not a single more bench in UP leave alone West UP or in Bihar which is another lawless state and which has not even a single high court bench?
Why are lawyers of West UP forced to become non-practising lawyers by going on strike again and again sometimes for 3 months or 6 months or for many weeks or for few days as they will do now on 11, 12, 13 and 14 September, 2017 and everySaturday since 1981 and even many times on Wednesday? Why lawyers are compelled to block highways, lie down in front of a train and indulge in different form of protest instead of practicing quietly since last many decades and even go on padyatra demanding bench? Why this has just no effect on Centre? Why even Atal Bihari Vajpayee raised the demand of a high court bench in West UP inside Parliament way back in 1986?
Why Centre takes no time to set up 2 more high court benches at Karnataka which is a relatively very peaceful state as compared to UP in Dharwad and Gulbarga for just 4 and 8 districts but has just no time to set up even a single bench for 26 districts of West UP who have been agitating ever since my father was a small baby? Why the 230th report of Law Commission which recommended the creation of more benches has been implemented only in Karnataka alone? Why people of West UP are compelled to travel more than 700 km on an average all the way to Allahabad as there is no high court bench here even though the population of West UP is more than 9 crore?
Misbauddin Siddiqui, President of the Meerut District Bar Association said, “The problem is that the Allahabad High Court has the highest number of pending cases. The pressure is huge. Allahabad is very far from Western UP. It is around 800 km from Saharanpur. Eight other high courts are closer to Western UP, and interestingly Lahore High Court in Pakistan is closer than Allahabad High Court. The cost of travelling to Allahabad, and then staying there is huge for poor people. That is why we have been demanding a high court bench. Successive governments have denied us this. Now, we are hopeful as there is the same party in both the Centre and state and the law minister has given us an assurance.” But after nearly six months we still see no signs of any action in creating a bench in West UP!
Why the newly appointed Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court Justice Dilip Babasaheb Bhonsle rightly lashed out at the law and order situation in UP and said that in Maharashtra women or girl venture out in night anywhere yet never such incidents of gang rape occur? Yet why Maharashtra has 3 benches and UP only one and West UP none? Why Rajnath Singh who is Union Home Minister while addressing public gathering in Patiyali constituency of Kasarganj district is on record stating in February 2017 that UP reported 7,673 riots, 4660 murder, 4096 robberies and 260 dacoities in just one year yet it has least benches in India and West UP has none where maximum crime incidents are reported?
I can keep going on endlessly as to why West UP must have a high court bench and UP also more benches but what is most shocking is that not a single bench is coming up anywhere in UP even though now both UP and Centre is being ruled by same party – BJP! UP CM Yogi Adityanath himself raised the demand for a bench inside Parliament a long time back in 1998-99 but now even he feels helpless as Centre is not relenting! Why Rajinder Aggarwal who is BJP MP from Meerut demanded the setting up of 3 benches in UP at Meerut, Agra and Gorakhpur right inside Parliament and Satpal Malik another BJP MP recently made Union Minister too demanded the setting up of 5 more benches in UP at Meerut, Agra, Jhansi, Gorakhpur and Varanasi but Centre is not prepared to set up even one bench anywhere in UP? Why this senseless stubbornness? This nation wants to know why?
Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,
s/o Col BPS Sirohi,
A 82, Defence Enclave,
Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,
Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.
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