Day: February 27, 2019

Educated Woman Supposed To Be Fully Aware Of Consequences Of Having Sex With A Man Before Marriage: J&K HC

It has to be acknowledged, appreciated and applauded right at the outset that in a landmark and laudable judgment delivered by the Jammu and Kashmir High Court in a recent case titled Sunil Kumar vs State of J&K and anr. CRMC No. 512/2017, Nos. 01/2018, 02/2018, 01/2017 dated December 14, 2018, Justice Sanjay Kumar Gupta has held in no uncertain terms that an educated woman is supposed to be fully aware of consequences of having sex with a man before marriage. She cannot voluntarily first have sex with her own free will and later term it as rape or a sexual assault on her. In other words the Jammu and Kashmir High Court has vindicated the time tested adage that, “You cannot eat the cake and keep it too”. Every Court which includes even the top court that is Supreme Court must appreciate it and implement it always in all such similar cases.
                            To start with, it is first and foremost observed specifically in para 1 that, “Petitioner invokes the inherent jurisdiction of this Court under Section 561-A Cr.P.C. to seek quashing of FIR No. 50/2017 registered with the Police Station, Ghagwal for commission of offences under Sections 376/506 RPC on the complaint of respondent No. 2 who got the FIR registered in terms of Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. on the directions of Learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Samba by alleging that she was subjected to sexual assault on the marriage promise which the petitioner deny though there was marriage proposal, but the petitioner after coming to know about the antecedent of the respondent No. 2 refused the marriage proposal and there was no relation between the petitioner and respondent No. 2.”
                                    Now coming to para 2, it further illustrates the background and the points on which the petitioner relied stating that, “The case of the petitioner is that he who belongs to respectable family and is serving in the Indian Army recruited in the year 2012 in 5 JAKLI, after recruitment the petitioner underwent initial training for a period of two years without any break. Thus, in the year 2016, there was marriage proposal from the parents of the respondent No. 2 which the parents of the petitioner agreed  and marriage was to be solemnized in the month of June 2017. During this period, the petitioner came to know from the respondent No. 2 herself who while making telephonic conversation admitted to have a love affair with somebody else and narrated her physical relation with that person. On knowing this fact, the petitioner refused the marriage proposal upon which the respondent No. 2 and her parents started insisting for marriage and threatened the petitioner to implicate him for the commission of offence. It is stated that petitioner is having the telephonic recording in order to substantiate this plea. Thus, there was no physical relationship between the petitioner and respondent No. 2 as alleged in the complaint.”
                               To put things in perspective, it is then rightly held in para 12 that, “From bare perusal of contents of complaint, it is apparent that there is no specific mention of date, time and place of alleged rape. General allegations have been leveled that accused has committed sexual intercourse with the complainant in 2014 when he took her to Mc. Lodganj (HP), where he assured for marriage and on account of this developed physical relations with her; that complainant then got pregnant and was duly treated by the accused; that again in 2015-16 accused took her to Dharamshalla and Mc Lodganj, where they again developed physical relations; that she was again taken to Patnitop and Katra by the accused person and developed the physical relations; that whenever accused person had come on leave he used to meet the applicant/complainant here and there and developed physical relations on assurance that he will marry her.”
                          As it turned out, para 13 then goes on to disclose that, “All allegations of sexual relationship have been leveled on the ground that accused promised to marry with the complainant. If one carefully examines the contents of complaint it is evident that complainant has admitted the fact of her relationship with accused since 2010 and there was a love affair between them. Complainant has admitted that she started her studies at the instance of accused person and presently doing her graduation 3rd year at Degree College, Samba. The accused has shown all his loyalty, love and affection towards the applicant/complainant during all this period. She has also admitted her shagun ceremony took place on 10.2.2017 at Chichi Mata Mandirnadni Hills Samba; she has also stated that marriage was fixed for 11.11.2017; as per complainant accused has refused to solemnize marriage now.”
                                       More importantly, it is then very rightly made clear by the Jammu and Kashmir High Court in para 14 that, “Under Ranbir Penal Code, Section 375(4) states that a man is said to have committed rape if he has sexual intercourse with a woman with her consent, when the man knows that he is not her husband, and that her consent is given because she believes that he is another man to whom she is or believes herself to be lawfully married. Now-a-days there are cases where boy and girl having love affair, indulging into sexual relationship and ultimately ending into a breakup. Undoubtedly that amounts to consensual sexual relationship as they were in love with each other. In a case of rape, the act of sexual intercourse is forcible and without consent of the woman. However, the consent obtained by fraud amounts to no consent and therefore, if there is sexual intercourse with consent but obtained by fraud, it amounts to rape.”
                                      Most importantly, it is then also made clear in no uncertain terms in this very same para 14 that, “When a woman is major and educated, she is supposed to be fully aware of the consequences of having sexual intercourse with a man before marriage. In the event of consent obtained by fraud, inducement is a necessary ingredient. There should be some material on record to believe prima facie that the girl was induced by the accused to such an extent that she was ready to have sexual intercourse with him. Promise to marry cannot be said to be an inducement in all cases, it differ from facts of case. Thus, promise to marry in all cases cannot be a condition precedent to have sex. Had the petitioner fraudulent intention not to solemnize marriage right from the day he met victim in 2010, then he would have not asked the prosecutrix to study further and bore her education expense. Where there is mere breach of promise of marriage, and before breach they have sexual relationship, that sexual indulgent may amount to consensual one and not rape as defined in section 376 RPC.”
                              What’s more, it is then made absolutely clear in para 15 that, “So even if the allegations made in complaint are taken as it is, no case of rape is made out, as the prosecutrix is major and she has known the petitioner since 2010; she would be aware of the result of sexual relationship; she had herself gone with accused at various places as per complaint and indulged into sexual relationship. I am conscious that statement of prosecutrix cannot be brushed aside especially in rape case; but her statement has to be read along with other attending circumstances. Except bald version of prosecutirx, there is nothing on record from which it can prima facie be proved that intention of accused was fraudulent right from the beginning.”
                                         Furthermore, para 17 points out that offence u/s 506 RPC has also been registered. It is then pointed out in para 18 that, “From bare perusal of contents of complaint, it is evident that there is no iota of allegation in this regard.” So the conclusion was foregone and no wonder that petitioner’s contention was accepted by the Jammu and Kashmir high Court!
                                                Finally and perhaps once again most importantly, it is then held very rightly in para 19 that, “In view of the above, I am of considered opinion that the allegations made in the first information report on the basis of complaint, even if they are taken at their face value and accepted in their entirety do not prima facie constitute any offence or make out a case against the accused. The allegations made in the FIR are so absurd and inherently improbable on the basis of which no prudent person can ever reach a just conclusion that there is sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused. This FIR is manifestly attended with mala fide intention and has been maliciously instituted with an ulterior motive for wreaking vengeance on the accused and with a view to spite him due to private and personal grudge. This petition is allowed and impugned FIR No. 50/2017 registered with the Police Station, Ghagwal for commission of offences under Sections 376/506 RPC, is quashed.”
                     No doubt, it is a commendable, creditworthy and courageous decision by the Jammu and Kashmir High Court which has minced just no words in making it absolutely clear that an educated woman is supposed to be fully aware of consequences of having sex with a man before marriage. She cannot just get up one day and start screaming that she has been raped since last many years! All women and girls must always bear this in mind before having sex with men!
                        Each and every woman and girl in India must read this latest, landmark and laudable judgment by the Jammu and Kashmir High Court so that they never again land themselves in trouble by first voluntarily having sex with consent and then later after many years start weeping that she has been sexually assaulted! If they do, then they will be themselves responsible for Courts not stepping up to provide them any relief as we have seen in this case also! Also, all Judges and lawyers must go through this noteworthy judgment which leaves no room  for doubt what course of action should be adopted in such cases which keep cropping up time and again!    
Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,
s/o Col BPS Sirohi,
A 82, Defence Enclave,
Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,
Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.

Attack Is The Best Form Of Defence To Rely Upon Always

 “I assure all Indians that the country is in safe hands. I swear upon India’s soil. I won’t let the country be erased. I won’t let it come to a halt. My soul says today is the day to reiterate what I had said in 2014. I swear by my land I won’t let my country be destroyed. I will not let the country stop. I will not let the country bow. I pledge to the motherland that I will not let her head down.”

–        Narendra Damodardas Modi
                                    Let me be candid enough to admit right at the outset that I was not expecting India to retaliate so soon and so hard and that too deep inside Pakistan! I was caught completely off the guard when I first learnt that Indian Air Force had bombed Jaish camp deep inside Pakistan about 80 km away from the Line of Control in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province! I too went through the same emotions like my fellow countrymen that finally the dastardly and cowardly attack on our brave CRPF soldiers has been avenged with more than 350 terrorists belonging mainly to Jaish group and some of Lashkar-e-Taiba along with their trainers who were retired from ISI and Pakistani Army being neutralised!
                                      It is most heartening to see that finally Narendra Damodardas Modi has chosen to do what every true Indian wanted him to do! This alone explains why all major parties have hailed this action! Even Asadduddin Owaisi who is the worst critic of Modi has justified it categorically as he said that under Article 51 of the UN Charter, India had the right to act in self-defence!
                                    He further said that he expected India to retaliate within two to three days but finally India retaliated within 12 days! For me killing terrorists and Pakistani soldiers who attack India is the best tribute to our soldiers and everything else comes down the ladder! National War Memorial for those soldiers who have laid down their lives is most welcome and PM Modi’s relentless endeavours in this direction must be appreciated due to which it could see the light of the day after many years but real tribute to soldiers who have died is to ensure that Pakistani soldiers, terrorists and all those who dare to attack India including stone pelters who act as Pakistani soldiers are eliminated most ruthlessly!
                                       Let me also be candid enough to admit that PM Modi’s recent bold action of masterminding air attacks against terrorists just like the one at Uri which was a ground surgical attack by Army was a pleasant surprise. I always believed that PM Modi comes from a party that believes in always compromising with Pakistan, inviting ISI agent as we saw after Pathankot terror attack most foolishly, inviting Pakistani invader Gen Pervez Musharraf just two to three months after Kargil war, declaring frequently Ramzan ka ceasefire for terrorists and Pakistani Army refusing to learn anything from history as we saw in former PM late Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s term thus giving a free hand to terrorists and Pakistan to attack our soldiers, behead them and take away their head as has happened with many soldiers like Hemraj as long as Ramzan continued,  tolerating stone pelters, allowing Mehbooba Mufti to withdraw all cases from stone pelters thus further emboldening them to intensify their attacks which culminated in two daughters of Army Officers filing PIL demanding security for soldiers and a National Policy to be framed in this regard and spending crores of rupees on security of Hurriyat leaders who are nothing but Pakistani agents! The list is endless!
                                           This often led me to ponder over which country – UK who ruled us till 1947 or some Muslim country like Saudi Arabia is dictating India’s foreign policy and Kashmir’s stupid and disastrous self-suicidal policy governed primarily by Article 370 and Article 35A of Constitution which initially were not there but entered through backdoor Presidential Order and it must be kicked out similarly without caring for those Pakistani agents who warn India of similar situation like 1947 cropping up as they are playing in Pakistan’s hands which does not want any Indian to settle in Jammu and Kashmir even while they have right to settle anywhere they want! But till now no action has been taken in this regard by any political party including BJP! It may be recalled how a Pakistani General had vowed in UK to avenge the surgical strike by India after the Uri attack on our soldiers which claimed lives of 19 soldiers!
                                      It is in UK that slogans against India by Khalistani and Kashmiri separatists are heard openly! UK’s overt and covert support to anti-India agenda and to economic fugitives like Vijay Mallya who has siphoned off more than 13,000 crores of taxpapyers money, Nirav Modi, Lalit Modi and several others is too well known! It cannot be taken just lying down!
                                           Let me be candid enough to also concede that this one great step by PM Narendra Damodardas Modi has certainly softened my blind hatred for BJP’s extremely soft approach towards Pakistan just like that of Congress which I always believed was “blind betrayal of India’s supreme national interests”! Finally now my views on BJP led by PM Narendra Damodardas Modi have changed significantly! The bold steps taken by him most recently have compelled me to change my views about him and about his party and appreciate him lavishly!     
                               If Pakistan has been able to kill more than a lakh of our soldiers in last three decades, it is all because of our politicians who ruled in Centre whether of BJP or Congress who always followed the worst appeasement policy not of Indian Muslims or Pakistani Muslims but of Pakistani Army and Pakistan’s notorious ISI which only culminated in more and more terror attacks and even Parliament and Red Fort were not spared! Why did politicians earlier just kept tolerating terror attacks repeatedly? At whose instance?
                                       That is why I strongly believe like many others that, “Fear politicians and not Pakistan”! Never forget this that it was politicians of India who created Pakistan which alone explains why Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan said to Jawaharlal Nehru that, “Nehru, what have you done! You have made me a foreigner in my own country”! Politicians control all power and yet act only under unrelenting public pressure when situation goes from bad to worse or from worse to worst!
                                    If politicians want they can teach lesson to Pakistan within no time as Indira Gandhi did when she ensured partition of Pakistan into Pakistan and Bangladesh! But she too did not ensure that PoK was taken away from Pakistan and released more than 93,000 Pakistani soldiers even though more than hundred of our soldiers were not released by them! How can this be justified?
                             All so called “secular parties” proudly hailed Atal Bihari Vajpayee as the “tallest leader” for his always being extremely soft towards Pakistan which I term as “stupidity of the highest order which was the brainwork of Brajesh Mishra and those close to him” but what did he get in return? People boxed him out of power as they could not tolerate how Gen Musharraf ensured the slaughter of more than 600 of our brave soldiers and how he was accorded still a red carpet welcome in India! It was Gen Musharraf who wanted to see Vajpayee being defeated decisively in elections which alone explains why he repeatedly backstabbed Vajpayee and ensured that soldiers like Captain Saurav Kalia and 5 soldiers of 4 Jat Regiment were brutally tortured for nearly a month and all their crucial body parts were maimed not sparing even their private parts  and our secular leaders foolishly kept hailing Vajpayee as “Shanti ka Messiah” as he did not rake up this at any international forum even though father of Captain Kalia kept demanding the same and kept fighting a lonely battle in Supreme Court demanding the same!
                                 But did that ensure Vajpayee’s victory? No, he got a crushing blow because people could not forget how a Pakistani invader like Gen Musharraf was treated like a royal emperor even after Kargil war and how even RSS watched everything like a helpless spectator! Not stopping here, even after attack on Parliament, still India did not retaliate hard and Musharraf enjoyed India’s hospitality and mocked at India after the failed Agra talks!
                                Anyway, coming back to PM Modi, finally at the fag end of his tenure, he has chosen to strike at terrorists in a big way which must be applauded and appreciated by every true Indian! It is better to be late than never! We should not wait for terrorists to attack at us and should attack them whenever they assemble at border! But this we never saw until recently!
                                    It is being reported in media that many top rung leaders of Jaish have been eliminated including those like Yusuf Azhar alias Mohammad Salim, Ibrahim Athar among others who masterminded the hijacking of IC-814 Indian Airlines flight on 31 December 1999 which led to release of Masood Azhar, Ahmad Omar Saeed Sheikh and Mushtaq Ahmed Zargari in exchange of 179 passengers and 11 crew memebrs! But let me stress here that just one big strike again is not enough! We must be always on the guard for Pakistan will retaliate very hard, is a nuclear power state, can stoop to any level and unlike us will show no mercy for our civilians or soldiers! Even as I am writing this, news is pouring in that India has gunned down 1 F-16 Pakistani aircraft which entered India!  
                                  It is imperative that we must control our emotions! We should not get too overjoyed and this latest incident of gunning down F-16 Pakistani aircraft confirms what I feel! We should nuke all relations with Pakistan and for God sake put an end to this useless Wagah border ceremony, ensure that all potential entry routes for terrorists like Kartarpur corridor are closed immediately for we saw how while this route was being opened a Khalistani terrorist standing with Pakistani Army Chief Bajwa was feeling overjoyed and how posters of dreaded terrorist Bhindrawale were pasted all over including the Gurudwara where Sikhs go to worship Guru Nanak! For God sake, place nation first and religion later!
                                    It must be ensured that all Pakistanis are identified and deported from India as they are a potential security threat along with Rohingyas, Bangladeshis and other illegal immigrants but politicians never want to do this unpalatable job as they feel that this can cut into their votebank! This must change now immediately!  
                             All steps must be taken to safeguard India’s national interest which stands above everything else! I fully welcome withdrawal of Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status which India unilaterally conferred on Pakistan most foolishly in 1996 just few years after Pakistan ensured through their paid terrorists that lakhs of Kashmiri Pandits and Hindus were either killed or forced to leave Kashmir Valley! I also welcome withdrawal of security to all Hurriyat leaders but a lot more remains to be done like not allowing Pakistan water from our soil through Indus Water Treaty etc!
                                   We can face war with Pakistan any time now! So, let me reiterate: This is not the time to relax or celebrate or make merry but to be on guard always so that we are not caught napping again foolishly as has happened earlier many times! We all must back PM Narendra Damodardas Modi’s strong steps against Pakistan and it is high time that Centre stop according kid glove treatment with stone pelters! They must be warned of being killed if they dare to attack our soldiers!
Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,
s/o Col BPS Sirohi,
A 82, Defence Enclave,
Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,
Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.  

Top 25 Universities of World in 2019 – EduINDEX Ranking

List of Top 25 Universities of World Year 2019 – EduINDEX Ranking

1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
2. Stanford University
3. Harvard University
4. California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
5. University of Oxford
6. University of Cambridge
7. ETH Zurich – Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
8. Imperial College London
9. University of Chicago
10. UCL (University College London)
11. National University of Singapore (NUS)
12. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU)
13. Princeton University
14. Cornell University
15. Yale University
16. Columbia University
17. Tsinghua University
18. The University of Edinburgh
19. University of Pennsylvania
20. University of Michigan
21. Johns Hopkins University
22. EPFL – Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
23. The University of Tokyo
24. The Australian National University
25. The University of Hong Kong

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The University of Hong Kong

The University of Hong Kong
·         ABOUT
The University of Hong Kong (HKU), is Hong Kong’s oldest tertiary institution, with a history stretching back over a hundred years. The University of Hong Kong is ranked 26th amongst the most respected comprehensive research-led universities in the world.
·         A research driven university- 111 of our professors have been ranked as the world\’s top 1% scientists by Essential Science Indicators, Thomson Reuters.
·         A globally connected university with more than 340 leading universities across 43 countries.  
·         A diverse community with more than 9,000 international students from 96 countries.
·         A world class curriculum with English as medium of instruction.
·         Over 99.4% graduate employment rate for the last 11th consecutive years.

An Academic Powerhouse 
Apart from being the 26th best university overall globally, HKU has 6 subjects placed amongst Top 10 worldwide, while HKU Dentistry programme was ranked 1st in the world for the second consecutive years.

HKU\’s exceptional academic standards and pioneering research attract many top-performing scholars in Hong Kong, Mainland China and overseas. Studying at HKU, you will have a chance to meet and learn with some of the world’s top scholars.

 A Globally Connected Campus
At HKU, you will meet students from 96 countries and learn from some of the best professors in the world, amongst which 60% are from outside Hong Kong. You get the opportunity to have a life experience abroad during your studies at HKU. In 2015, more than 4,000 HKU undergraduate students have gone on either one semester or one year\’s student exchange programme at our partner universities, or have participated in service learning projects, field trips, undergraduate research programme or internships in overseas. With HKU as your base, you get to go to places like Cambridge, MIT or Harvard to Myanmar, or South Africa to further expand your horizons!

A Degree that Opens Doors

For the last 11 years, more than 99.4% of our graduates have received at least one job offer in every consecutive academic year, with many embarking on careers in fields as diverse as finance, law, engineering and technology, and working at international corporate including the likes of Apple, Google and Goldman Sachs.

 There is a whole lot more to HKU. To find out more about the educational adventures awaiting you in one of the world’s most exciting cities and leading universities, just spend some time on our admissions website.

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The Australian National University

ANU - Australian National University - Canberra (Australia)
The Australian National University
·         ABOUT
The Australian National University (ANU) is a world-leading centre for education and research. Ranked in Australia and in the world (QS World University Rankings 2016-17), Australia’s national university is further distinguished by an outstanding record for student satisfaction and graduate employability.

For academic and professional staff, ANU offers excellent conditions including flexible working arrangements, professional development opportunities, competitive pay and generous superannuation – all within an integrated and engaged on-campus community. Learn more about the benefits of working at ANU http://www.anu.edu.au/jobs


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The University of Tokyo

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The University of Tokyo
·         ABOUT
Established in 1877 as the first imperial university, the University of Tokyo is one of Japan’s most storied and prestigious higher education establishments. In 2011, the university, which is nicknamed Todai, was ranked second in the world behind Harvard for the number of alumni in CEO positions at Fortune 500 companies. Also, 15 of Japan’s 62 prime ministers were educated at the University of Tokyo, and five alumni have gone on to become astronauts. 
Tokyo consists of 10 faculties and 15 graduate schools, and has 30,000 students enrolled, of which 2,100 are from overseas. Unusually for a Japanese university, it also runs undergraduate programs taught entirely in English: the International Program on Japan in East Asia and the International Program on Environmental Sciences. 
In 2014, the university’s School of Science introduced an all-English undergraduate transfer program called Global Science Course. Todai has five campuses, in the districts of Hongō, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane and Nakano. 
Tokyo is a vibrant metropolis with a distinct urban character and unique culture that is ideal for growing minds and youthful adventure. The main Hongo campus occupies the former estate of the Maeda family, once the feudal lords of Kaga Province. It therefore attracts tourists due to landmarks such as Akamon (the Red Gate) and the majestic Yasuda Auditorium. It’s also where UTokyo’s annual May festival is held. 
The other campuses have more modern features. Komaba campus ¬– home to the College of Arts and Sciences, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and the Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences – is home to 7,000 freshmen and sophomores. 
The undergraduate experience at the University of Tokyo is unique as it’s the only Japanese university with a system of two years of general education before students choose their major. The campus has been designated a \”center of excellence\” for three new areas of research by Japan’s Ministry of Education and Science. 

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EPFL – Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne

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EPFL – Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
·         ABOUT
The École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) is a research institute and university in Lausanne, Switzerland, specializing in the natural sciences and engineering. 
Its roots can be traced back to the foundation of a private school in 1853, which to start with only had 11 students. Those days are long gone though, with the modern day EPFL one of two Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology and student numbers in Lausanne now totaling over 10,000. 
Located in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, EPFL is twinned with the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich). As part of its research and teaching activities, EPFL is one of the only universities to run a nuclear reactor, a fusion reactor, a Gene/Q Supercomputer, and have P3 bio-hazard facilities.
EPFL has a very singular admissions process, which, for would-be undergraduates who are Swiss nationals, is not selective at all. At the end of freshman year, however, a block exam determines whether students can continue or have to repeat the year, with many home students dropping out entirely at this point. 
The EPFL campus lies on the shores of Lake Geneva and consists of 65 buildings across 136 acres. Facilities include banks, bars, two museums – the Musee Bolo and Archizoom – as well as bars, restaurants and cafeterias. 
There are students of 112 different nationalities here, though as of 2014 women made up only 27 percent of the student body. Life on campus is vibrant, with many student-formed clubs and associations providing social and recreational opportunities. 
A wide range of sports and leisure facilities keep students physically active while studying. EPFL also has an active student media, publishing the monthly newspaper Flash and there are daily broadcasts on the student radio station. 
Another priority on campus is the arts, with the university holding several annual music festivals each year. The largest is Balélec Festival, where 15,000 visitors descend upon the university to watch 30 concerts on two outdoor and four indoor stages.


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Johns Hopkins University


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Johns Hopkins University

·         ABOUT
Johns Hopkins University is an American private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. It was founded in 1876, and named after its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur, abolitionist, and philanthropist Johns Hopkins. 
It blazed a trail among higher education institutions by being the first US research university, and today it puts more money into research than any other US academic institution. It’s also widely credited with revolutionizing higher education by being the first US institution to integrate teaching and research. To date, Johns Hopkins has spawned 27 Nobel laureates, including the former US president Woodrow Wilson. 
Johns Hopkins is organized into 10 divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington, DC with international centers in Italy, China, and Singapore. Johns Hopkins regularly ranks in the top 10 universities in the US, and is also competitive globally, especially for its undergraduate programs. 
Johns Hopkins enrolls more than 24,000 full- and part-time students across its nine academic divisions with faculty members and students studying, teaching, and learning across more than 260 programs in the arts and music, the humanities, the social and natural sciences, engineering, international studies, education, business, and the health professions. 
Applicants at undergraduate level are generally ranked in the top 10 percent of their high school class, and over time applications and selectivity has risen. For the class graduating in 2020, the acceptance rate was 11.4 percent. 
Most Johns Hopkins undergraduates study at Homewood, a 140-acre North Baltimore campus that is home to the schools of engineering and arts and sciences. It’s a traditional college setting in the heart of a big and blossoming city, with red-brick buildings, tree-lined pathways, an iconic clock tower, and expansive green quads. 
Nearly all undergraduates based in the main campus live in residence halls during their first two years, where they make friends and take advantage of what has officially been named one of the best campus dining programs in the US. 
There’s also easy access to top class arts and culture: the school’s conservatory, the Peabody Institute, regularly hosts musical extravaganzas, concerts and performances, while the Center for Visual Arts, located next to the Baltimore Museum of Art, provides plenty of sources for artistic inspiration.
Off-campus, students can venture into Baltimore itself, a city with a rich history as a working-class port that has blossomed into a hub of social, cultural, and economic activity – yet retains a small-town feel. 
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University of Michigan

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University of Michigan
·         ABOUT
One of the foremost research universities in the United States, the University of Michigan was founded in 1817, before Michigan had even become a state, and moved from Detroit to what is now its Central campus in Ann Arbor in 1837. 
Michigan spans 780 acres, which is made up of its Central and North campuses, two regional campuses, and a center in Detroit. It has a large student body of around 45,000, with undergraduates numbering two-thirds of that number. 
Michigan has been lauded for having high standards of research, and the university’s comprehensive graduate program offers doctoral degrees in the humanities, social sciences, and STEM fields (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) as well as professional degrees in architecture, business, medicine, law, pharmacy, nursing, social work, public health, and dentistry.
Michigan\’s body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people, which is one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world and a valuable resource for current students when it comes to networking and building industry connections.
Around a quarter of all students are accommodated on campus, with three large residence halls serving undergraduates, and family housing which is intended mainly for graduates. There are also off-campus apartments, houses, and co-operatives, which generally house upper division and graduate students, as well as ‘theme communities’ within residence halls, where students can immerse themselves among peers with similar interests. 
Michigan has nearly 1,500 clubs and societies, including engineering project teams, community service organizations, and charitable projects. The Michigan Marching Band is over 100 years old and has 350 student members, and other noted musical ensembles include the University of Michigan Men’s Glee Club, a men’s chorus with over 100 members. 
Michigan has a history of student activism, and there are a number of groups dedicated to various worth causes. Some, such as the United Students Against Sweatshops (USAS), devote themselves to more left-wing causes, in this case holding to account multinational companies that exploit their workers in factories, but there are also conservative groups such as Young Americans for Freedom, as well as non-partisan groups. 
Cultural and ethnical student organizations help students forge smaller communities from the large university population, and publications such as the Michigan Daily, published five days a week during term time, allow students to keep abreast of the latest news on campus. 
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University of Pennsylvania

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·         ABOUT
The University of Pennsylvania is a private Ivy League research university located in the city of Philadelphia. It was founded in 1740 by Benjamin Franklin, one of the United States’ founding fathers, who was eager to create a school to educate future generations. 
Franklin advocated a concept of higher education that focused not merely on the education of the clergy, but on teaching knowledge of arts and humanities, as well as the practical skills needed to make a living and to do public good. His maxim of “well done is better than well said” lives on today through its commitment to inclusive policies and innovation. 
As of fall 2017, there were 21,599 students studying at Penn, split equally between undergraduate and graduate students. Penn has a strong focus on interdisciplinary learning and research, offering double degree programs, unique majors and academic flexibility. This means competition to study at Penn is fierce, particularly at undergraduate level. The admission rate for the class of 2021 was 9.3 percent, of which 46 percent were either black, Hispanic Asian, or Native American. Unusually for an Ivy League school, women comprise over half (54 percent) of all students enrolled.  
Penn’s core campus covers more than 279 acres in a contiguous area of West Philadelphia\’s University City. All of Penn\’s schools and most of its research institutes are located on this campus, with the surrounding neighborhood including restaurants and pubs, a large supermarket and cinema. 
Student life at Penn serves up opportunities to discover new interests and passions galore, through a wide diversity of social, political, religious, and cultural activities. There are cultural centers and one-of-a-kind museums on campus that allow the arts to play a leading role in student life such as the Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts, the Arthur Ross Gallery, and Institute of Contemporary Art, which are all major cultural destinations and easy for Penn students to access. 
The university also takes sports and recreation very seriously, with students taking part in ice hockey, athletics and joining a variety of competitive, instructional and recreational sports clubs.  
With its arts and sciences programs ranking in the top 10 nationally, and the employment prospects for its students among the brightest (Penn boasts one of the highest numbers of graduates who go on to become Fortune 500 CEOs), there is little doubt that the University of Pennsylvania deserves its Ivy League status and reputation.  
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The University of Edinburgh

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·         ABOUT
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 Influencing the world since 1583
The University of Edinburgh is one of the world\’s top universities, consistently ranked in the world top 50, and ranked 18th in the QS World University Rankings 2019. Our entrepreneurial and cross-disciplinary culture attracts not only students, but also staff from some 137 countries, which creates a unique Edinburgh experience. We provide a stimulating working, learning and teaching environment with access to excellent facilities and attract the world\’s best, from Nobel Prize winning laureates to future explorers, pioneers and inventors.
Study with us
As host to more than 39,000 students, the University of Edinburgh continues to attract the world’s greatest minds. We offer a range of ways to study, from on-campus taught programmes to online part-time study. We are the largest provider of online distance learning in the Russell Group of UK research-intensive universities, and offer more than 60 online programmes.
Teaching and research excellence
The latest report from the Quality Assurance Agency awarded us the highest rating possible for the quality of the student learning experience. At postgraduate level, we offer more than 300 taught masters courses and 135 research areas.
Our position as one of Britain’s leading research universities was reaffirmed by the results of the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF). The REF rates 83% of our research activity as world-leading or internationally excellent, ranking us fourth in the UK based on the quality and breadth of our research.
Our dynamic research culture has led to the discovery of chloroform anaesthesia, the Higgs boson particle, and has produced innovations such as Dolly the sheep – the first mammal to be genetically cloned from an adult somatic cell.
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World-Class Edinburgh
Edinburgh is without doubt one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It is Scotland’s historic…
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Tsinghua University

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Tsinghua University

·         ABOUT
Students looking for great engineering and computer science programs need look no further than Tsinghua University in Beijing, which since 2015 has been ranked as one of the best in the world for both disciplines. 
Tsinghua University was established in 1911 in the wake of the anti-colonialist Boxer Rebellion, which saw the US fine China $30m as punishment. In 1909, President Theodore Roosevelt negotiated with Congress a reduction in the sum, with the leftover money earmarked for university scholarships for Chinese students to study in the US. Tsinghua University was established as a preparatory school for the students’ trips abroad. 
Today, Tsinghua’s motto of “self-discipline and excellence” has taken it far. Most university rankings place Tsinghua among the best universities in China, and famous alumni include President Xi Jinping himself, who graduated with a degree in chemical engineering in 1979. Tony Blair, Henry Kissinger, and Bill Clinton are among the distinguished guests who have spoken at Tsinghua. 
The university is academically organized into 20 schools and 57 departments covering a broad range of subjects, including science, engineering, arts and literature, social sciences, medicine. Xinya College was established in 2014 as the school’s residential liberal arts college as part of a series of reforms to undergraduate education. Unlike other Tsinghua students who must choose a specific major upon enrollment, Xinya students can declare their majors at the end of their freshman year.
The campus of Tsinghua University is located in northwest Beijing, in the Haidian district, on the former site of the Qing Dynasty royal gardens. As such it retains Chinese-style landscaping as well as traditional buildings, although many of its buildings are also western in style, reflecting its American heritage. Like its archrival Peking, Tsinghua is known for having one of the most beautiful university campuses. 
On campus, students keep themselves occupied with more than just academic study (although the heavy workloads mean studying is always a priority). There are more than 110 student clubs and associations covering interests such as science and technology, health and fitness, humanities, arts and public welfare. 
Overseas students are particularly encouraged to join in the fun, with a host of extracurricular such as welcome parties, New Year’s parties, graduation parties, and visits to cultural and historical landmarks. 
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Columbia University

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Columbia University
·         ABOUT
Established in 1754, Columbia University is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was established as King\’s College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain and renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolutionary War. 
With an undergraduate acceptance rate of 5.8 percent, Columbia is currently the third most selective college in the United States and the second most selective in the Ivy League after Harvard. Its first president was none other than the literary great Samuel Johnson, and over the years Columbia has produced numerous distinguished alumni, from Oscar winners and Nobel laureates to Supreme Court judges. Three US Presidents and the authors of the Declaration of Independence and American Constitution were also schooled at Columbia. It also runs the highly distinguished Pulitzer Prize, an annual award for achievements in journalism, literature and musical composition. 
The university is organized into 20 schools, including undergraduate schools such as Columbia College, the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, and the School of General Studies, as well as graduate schools such as Columbia Law School, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Journalism School and Columbia Business School. It also had global research outposts across the world. Its total student body numbers around 28,000 and is comprised mainly of postgraduates, with roughly 8,500 undergraduate students. 
Columbia’s main campus is Morningside Heights, occupying around six city blocks in the Morningside Heights district of New York. It’s home to the neo-classical Butler library, one of the largest buildings on campus, and almost two dozen undergraduate dormitories. The university also owns 7,800 apartments in the local area, which house faculty members, students, and staff. 

The campus was designed along Beaux-Arts principles and was a late 19th century vision of a campus where all disciplines could be taught. Some of its standout features include the Low Memorial Library, a National Historic Landmark, the site of the invention of FM radio, and the location where the nuclear fission of uranium first took place. 

More significant for students are The Steps, a long series of granite steps which are a popular hangout and meeting place, and the bronze figure of Alma Mater, a female figure draped in an academic gown who serves as a daily reminder to students of their scholarly duties. 
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Yale University

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Yale University

·         ABOUT
Yale University is a private research university and a member of the prestigious Ivy League, a group of America’s most celebrated higher education institutions. Situated in New Haven, Connecticut, the first planned city in America, Yale was founded by English Puritans in 1701, making it the third-oldest higher education institution in the United States. 
Today, the city, which is part of the New York metropolitan area, is very much dominated by Yale, though it’s also billed as the “Cultural Capital of Connecticut”. According to the New York Times, New Haven is also extremely picturesque, with “art almost everywhere you look”.
Yale University’s central campus spans 260 acres and includes buildings from the mid-18th century. The university is organized into 14 schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and 12 professional schools. 
Undergraduates follow a liberal arts curriculum which allows you to think and learn across disciplines before deciding upon a major. Perhaps its most distinctive feature, Yale undergraduates are organized into a social system of residential colleges, which allows them to experience the cohesiveness and intimacy of a small school while still enjoying the cultural and scholarly resources of a large university.
A recently unveiled portrait of Barack Obama was by a Yale alumnus, and strolling across the Yale campus, you’ll find that you’re surrounded by public art. Be it in courtyards or plazas, lobbies or lecture halls, art at Yale inspires reflection and offers aesthetic pleasure. 
College life is similarly rich, reflecting the diversity of cultures and nationalities on campus. There’s always a packed arts calendar which includes exhibitions at world-class museums and galleries. There’s also a Tony Award-winning theater, Yale Cabaret – a theater-restaurant run by students – and hundreds of student groups, ranging from the serious to the silly. 
On top of this, you’ll also find the usual array of top quality sports facilities, a golf course and centers for tennis, polo, sailing, ice hockey, and more as well as competitive sports, with over 30 men’s and women’s varsity teams. 
To study at Yale is to join great company: four Yale graduates signed the American Declaration of Independence, and the university has educated five US presidents: William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. It is rightly regarded as one of America and the world’s most prestigious universities, with competition to be admitted as fierce as it gets. 
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Cornell University

Image result for Cornell UniversityCornell University

·         ABOUT
\”I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study,” is the motto of Cornell University, words first uttered by its co-founder Ezra Cornell. Cornell was founded in 1865 with the then radical intention of teaching and making contributions in all fields of knowledge. 
Since its founding, Cornell has been a co-educational, non-sectarian institution where admission has not been restricted by religion or race. These are liberal traditions that Cornell holds dear: a recent article in the Cornell Chronicle heralded the first all-female class admitted to its famous Farrier program in veterinary science. Cornell was also the first university to offer degrees in journalism and the first to teach modern Far Eastern languages. 
The main campus of Cornell is on East Hill in Ithaca, New York, overlooking the city and Cayuga Lake. It spreads over 2,300 acres and comprises laboratories, administrative buildings, and almost all the campus\’ academic buildings, athletic facilities, auditoriums, and museums. 

The architecture is an eclectic mix of Collegiate Gothic, Victorian, and Neoclassical buildings, international and modernist structures. There are other campuses and facilities in New York City itself such as the medical campus Weill Cornell in Manhattan, and the engineering campus Cornell Tech. Outside New York, Cornell has an outpost in the gulf state of Qatar, which is the first American medical college to open outside of the United States. 

Ithaca campus sits at the heart of the Finger Lakes region, surrounded by green space and natural beauty. Students here are as likely to be found sitting under a tree with their nose in a book as they are taking advantage of the many clubs, societies and activities Cornell has to offer. 
First-year undergraduates live on North Campus, while upper-level students often hone in on the communities that they have found, opting for a fraternity or sorority, a co-op, a themed residence hall, or an apartment off campus. 
There are more than 1,000 organizations on campus, ranging from skateboarding to volunteer programs. Sporty or outdoorsy students can take part in courses as diverse as caving and rope climbing, and there are four sports centers for the fitness inclined. 
Food lovers are also well catered for, with Cornell voted in the top ten universities for food, with more than 30 dining facilities across campus. 
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