The second most populated and the seventh-largest country in the world. A land of culture and values, heritage, spirituality. A country blessed with all possible geographic features i.e. plain, dessert, plateau, mountains, island and grassland etc. Land of many religion, languages, spices, festivals. A country who gifted Yoga and Ayurveda to the world. It also called the soil of kings and legends, soldier, farmers, doctors, scientists. We are diverted cast, religion, language but united by a county named India.
Let’s have a look at some more important, amazing and extraordinary things about our country.
Location
• Lying between latitude 8°4′ N to 37°6′ N and from longitude 68°7′ E to 97°25′ E, the county is divided into almost equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer.
• The 82°30′ E longitude is taken as the Standard Time Meridian of India, as it passes through the middle of India.
Area and boundaries
• India stretches 3,214 km from north to south and 2,933 km from east to west. The area is 32,87,263 sq km. Accounts for 2.4% of the total world area and 16% of the population.
• In India, of the total landmass – Plain: 43.3%, Plateaus: 27.7%, Hills: 18.6%, Mtns: 10.7%
• Total land neighbours: 7 ( Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar)
Position of States in India
• Uttar Pradesh borders maximum number of 8 states.
• Tropic of cancer passed through 8 states – Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
• Indian standard Meridian passes through MP, UP, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.
Mountains of India
• Himalayas
• Trans-Himalayan Zone
• Peninsular Mountains
Plains of India
To the south of the Himalayas and to the north of the Peninsula lies the great plain of Northern India. They are formed by the depositional work of three major river systems, Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra. The vast plain of north India are alluvial in nature and the westernmost portion is occupied by the Thar Dessert.
Peninsula Plateau
• Spreads south of the Indo Gangetic plains flanked by the sea on the three sides. This plateau is shaped like a triangle with it’s the base in the North.
• Vindhya Plateau is situated south of Malwa plateau.
• The Deccan plateau is the largest plateau in India.
Island of India
• Total coast: 7,516 km largest coastline: Gujarat
• Indian territorial limits include 247 Island.
Rivers of India
Three major river system are there –
• Himalayan river ( Indus system, Ganga system, Brahmaputra system)
• River of the Peninsula ( River flowing into Bay of Bengal, West flowing river)
• Inland Drainage
The Climate of India
• India has a tropical monsoon type of climate. It is greatly influenced by the presence of the Himalayas in the north as they block the cold air masses from Central Asia. It is because of them only that the monsoon have a watershed in India.
The tropic of cancer divides India into two almost equal climatic zones, namely, the northern zone and the southern zone. The warm temperature or the subtropical climate of the northern zone gives it cold winter and the hot summer season. The tropical climatic zone us warmer than the north and does not have a clear cut winter season.
Forests in India
• According to the National Forest Policy, the minimum desired area which is considered safe for the tropical country like India is about 33%. At present, about 20.64% of India has covered with forest.
• Madhya Pradesh has the largest area to total area, first is Andaman and Nicobar Island, followed by Mizoram, Manipur, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura and Nagaland. They are in a very comfortable position as more than half of their area is under forest.
• Arunachal Pradesh has the highest per capita forest area.
• In mangrove forest, West Bengal holds the first position, followed by Gujarat and Andaman and Nicobar Island.
There are many things that reflect the beauty of India. The land, environment and people of India are like a gift for the world. At last, I just want to share a quote written by Mohammad Iqbal to justify it all.
Sare jaha se accha hindustan humara Hum bulbule h iski ye gulsitan humara
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