National Sports Award Ceremony may be postponed for 1 or 2 months, scheduled to be held in Rashtrapati Bhavan on August 29
The last time President Ramnath Kovind honored Deepa Malik with the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award. Deepa has won a silver medal in the Paralympics.A sports ministry official said that the final decision in this matter is yet to come from Rashtrapati Bhavan.This time the names of cricketer Rohit Sharma, athlete Hima Das and wrestler Vinesh Phogat were sent for Khel Ratna. Apart from these, the names of Neeraj Chopra (Javelin Throw), Monica Batra (Table Tennis) and Women Hockey Team Captain Rani Rampal have also been sent for Khel Ratna. At the same time, Paralympian Deepa Malik and wrestler Bajrang Punia received this award last year. Right now, the safety of the people is the priority of all of us. “.
The program is held on the birth anniversary of Major Dhyan Chand

This year the National Sports Award Ceremony can be postponed for a month or two due to coronavirus. A Sports Ministry official said that the final decision in this matter is yet to come from Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Arjuna, Dronacharya and Dhyanchand Awards are given by the President on 29 August every year. This ceremony is also held in Rashtrapati Bhavan itself.

This time due to Corona, applications for sports awards were called for the first time through e-mail. Usually the process of sending nominations starts in April itself.
Name of Neeraj Chopra and Rani Rampal also sent for Khel Ratna

National Sports Day is celebrated every year on 29 August on the birth anniversary of hockey player Major Dhyan Chand. On this occasion, awards are given in a simple ceremony held in Rashtrapati Bhavan. Khel Ratna is India’s highest sporting award. It is named after former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. Every year it is given to the best player in the country. The player is awarded with a prize of Rs 7.5 lakh and a statue. At the same time, the player who wins the Arjuna Award is given five lakh rupees.

The biggest reality show of India is planning for bigg boss 4 in telugu,a special ad is shooted with safe king Nagarjuna

The bigg boss team is planning to start the show from August 30

also the team is planning to send housemates to isolation for 14 days,this season is only go to held for 70 days,the winners get prize money 50 lakhs

The bigg boss 4 Telugu is going to be telcast in star mana and hotstar

World has seen two world wars. Last one demonstrated the overwhelming intensity of the atomic weapon. Japan and the individuals of influenced district despite everything feeling the effect of the equivalent. After that they changed their course to turn into a radical country. In any case, after that race began among the countries to obtain the atomic weapons ability. After the USA, Russia, China, India, France, Germany, Britain, India, Pakistan, etc, all contended with one another to obtain the edge in atomic reserves. This spread of atomic weapons abilities with numerous countries brought forth the two perspectives. One this is danger to the endurance of world and present age. Second that it is technique for prevention for foe countries and they attempt to stay away from war-like circumstance. Anyway the two perspectives are introducing outrageous perspectives. Positively atomic weapons are danger for nations. Also, imagining that advancement of atomic weapons by every significant country will go about as prevent, isn’t right view all .

The view that atomic weapons capacity with all countries, will in the long run bring harmony for the world, is thinking like arm each resident of a country and it will end the viciousness from the nation. War isn’t all around thought and pre-arranged thing, it is chosen by the few conditions. We can take instances of the universal wars. An occasion may broke the war. Anyway the greatness of the war is chosen by the verifiable, international, prudent and a lot more factors. In this way, world can sit loosen up that every single significant force have atomic weapons capacity, so it will acquire the harmony the world. On the off chance that that had case, nations would not have expanded their safeguard financial plan.

Nations have diverse household political conditions For example India has vote based system since after independence,Pakistan has semi-majority rule political framework and barrier related issues are to a great extent managed by the Pakistani armed force, Myanmar is administered by the military. So this household governmental issues, additionally impacts the dynamic in the safeguard and wars. Any off-base and dictator choice may bring the war-like circumstance and afterward no body can ensure that atomic weapons nations retreat from war. A year ago North Korea, arranged its atomic rocket against the USA, regardless of realizing that the USA is a long ways ahead in guard. Little issues may grow into greater things. We have to deal with those things.

Most huge danger originates from non-state on-screen characters like fear based oppressors associations and gatherings. Late development is one such model and his expanding impact represents a major test for the world. The significant thing for world to ensure atomic ‘know-how’ and atomic material from these associations. Indeed, even India is positioned 18 out of 25 atomic prepared nations, in issues of atomic insurance. This is most exceedingly terrible for nations like Pakistan, North Korea and west Asian countries. Accordingly, here even least of prevention thing won’t work, pondering harmony is a long ways ahead.

This view just work in the condition that each country and different partners acknowledge ‘tit for tat will make entire world visually impaired’. Be that as it may, this is just dream. In this way, there is have to take activities from countries side from various levels-national, global and common society. Nations has acknowledge that equipping themselves is no arrangement from any contention rather they have to finance the peaceful strategic approaches to discover the questions with different nations. Gandhi ji utilized just weapons of harmony and peacefulness to remove the strong British. Nations like India additionally support for Nuclear demobilization, anyway it ought to be managed without leaving any restrictive class of countries. As ground-breaking countries attempted in past by bringing the understandings like Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which attempted to shield barely any countries from keeping atomic weapons capacity. Universal bodies like UN need to receive way to deal with battle against this. Anyway this is too rely on countries’ drives.

Nations has constrained assets particularly creating and immature. What’s more, they heap number of issues neediness joblessness, hunger, lack of healthy sustenance, insufficient sanctuary, sickness trouble, etc. Regardless of this circumstance they are occupying their assets to store an ever increasing number of atomic weapons. Will these abilities feed anybody poor? World needs to meet up to end this race and danger to our own reality. Harmony on the planet must be acquired when we end the enmity for different countries, different races, different religions. This will be fitting technique approach the questions. At that point they can be illuminated without scorn, without savagery.

In order to sell any products or services, your customers have to know that your business exists. Publicity is the process of creating public awareness of your business, brand, products, or services through media coverage and other forms of communication

Media coverage has unique advantages as a promotional strategy. After more than 30 years, Media Relations is a recognized expert in arranging product publicity. Following are really good reasons why one should make media coverage one of their marketing priorities.
Media stories put a face on your company. When your spokesperson is featured in the news, you have the opportunity to build trust and credibility with your audience.
You can make an emotional connection with your audience. We all prefer to do business with people we like. When consumers see a likable, knowledgeable person saying nice things about your product in a news story, they’re more apt to have a positive opinion about your company.
News stories cause audiences to pay attention. Media Relations’ publicists are experts at getting the media to pay attention to your story. In turn, reporters and producers are experts at positioning stories so that their audiences will pay attention to your message.

Importance Of Media Publicity

A business firm can get various benefits from use of publicity as promotion mix . Its credibility, greater number of readers, adequate information, low cost and greater speed of passing information are the main causes to make it important.

1. Credibility
   As sponsor is not mentioned or not identified in publicity, the information and message about goods or services communicated by independent source become more credible and dependable.
2. Greater readership
   As information and messages about goods or services are communicated mostly through important newspapers or other media , greater number of readers can read the information and messages published in them. So, sometime publicity plays an important role of promotion.
3. Contains more information
   Publicity is used as more information and messages can be included in it than in other promotion methods , specially, advertisement. Many aspects of goods or services of business firm can be covered in special feature articles.
4. Cost benefit
   Not so considerable cost is needed in publicity. Advertisement is a costly method of promotion, but publicity is comparatively much economical method. In other words, if calculated the cost for advertisement, more benefits can be received from publicity.
5. Speed
   Speed is another importance of publicity. It is the faster means for communication , information and messages about firm and its goods or services. Publicity has greater speed to reach the public.

A definitive emergency that the present world is managing is hunger and poverty. Numerous Asian and African nations are tormented by this overwhelming danger. India, however hailed for its destitution easing results, has over 20% of its populace underneath the neediness line. The satisfaction of essential necessities of an individual ought to be a crucial human right regardless of sex, age, area, individual capacities and so forth. The pioneers of the world have understood this danger. The UN specifically has thought of thousand years Developmental Goals comprising of eight objectives, each setting focuses for on some human emergency. Among them, destitution is the greatest concern.

Millennium Developmental Goals set up numerous objectives (around 18) under 8 fundamental classification for each nation that is a signatory to it. It says that each ought to diminish half of their destitution from 1990 to 2015. There are different focuses for kid mortality, maternal mortality, essential instruction, sexual orientation difference in training, sicknesses like AIDS and Malaria and maintainable and impartial development. Every one of the above disturb destitution, so every single one of the objectives is basic for diminishing neediness.

Presently it is as of now 2015 and appraisals have been finished. UN says that India and China have accomplished a great work for accomplishing the objectives. Nonetheless, on numerous different fronts, the upgrades were not seen according to the objectives set. Indeed, even if there should be an occurrence of neediness, irrefutably the number for example around 30 crore, is sufficiently tremendous to demonstrate that this emergency despite everything poses a potential threat.

Objectives and their appraisal is basic to neediness easing. The current status of neediness i.e. its evaluation is the first step. Realizing this will empower us to know how greater the emergency it. Plans to ease it are required and they ought to be slow and feasible. Objectives and measuring sticks need to set dependent on our financial limit. After this stage, evaluation is required to be done yearly, to know how we have fared and is these approaches working agreeably or any arrangement changes are required. In this manner improvement objectives are exceptionally essential. What’s more, accomplishment of MDG further requires the utilization of these in future.

After British left, the things that were left in India were mass neediness, hunger, starvation, absence of education, plagues and so forth. The principal thing the Indian head did was to evacuate neediness. This was remembered for the first FYP at a high need . The bound farming was resuscitated. Land proprietorship was allowed to turners. This guaranteed India become adequate in food and grains. Demonstrating food security is the essential alleviation to this emergency.

Destitution was decreased somewhat yet just in relative terms. The total figure developed. Till now, govt of India has propelled a few plans to mitigate neediness. To guarantee that everybody at any rate get enough food, the govt began general open conveyance framework. Nonetheless, infer able from its huge, monetary weight made, the govt began focused on PDS which would give grains, heartbeats, oil seeds and sugar at a sponsored rates to those underneath destitution line. Anyway as of late, Food Security Act was passed which ensured each resident to go without hunger.

There were endeavors to lessen joblessness. The option to work and get compensation as referenced in DPSP was conceded completely. MGNREGS which ensured work to those jobless, and in the event that when govt can’t give, it needs to give 100 days-proportional cash to that individual. This plan at any rate guarantees that every family can have certain base wages. In Agriculture there are minimal ranchers and landless turners who are either poor or very nearly it. Govt has attempted to support agribusiness and declared MSP to different items, for example, rice and wheat to guarantee least pay age to the ranchers. There have been many harvest protection plans and arrangement of modest credit began by the govt, in any case a postponed storm or an awful climate would make numerous ranchers poor.

Be that as it may, India has far to go before all its residents head to sleep with their gut loaded up with enough and nutritious food. There are four standards on food security – accessibility, openness, adequacy and sustenance. A poor must have these. PDS have been an epic fall flat in numerous states, principally in massively populated state. A more focused on approach state astute ought to be given accentuation on. The govt of BIMARU states ought to be approached to take measure against destitution ace effectively. The advantages ought to be made accessible exhaustive direct money move, however, the initial step has just been taken by our PM through PMJDY which will guarantee monetary consideration. This progression will close the spillage in existing TPDS. The MGNREGS has been fruitful, so there ought not be any further endeavor by the govt to slice the cash appropriated to it, as the govt has just cut assets in this spending plan.

The world is constantly tolerating free enterprise economy. Without govt intercession and enough well being net for poor people, it will just bring about formation of numerous poor. The advantages from stream down impact of private enterprise is too pitiful to even consider uplifting the money related status of an individual from lower monetary layers. This bleak circumstance requires a significantly bigger joint effort on a worldwide scale. The created nations should bear greater obligation to diminish neediness from different nations.

India should focus on its advancement objectives in BIMARU states, particularly Bihar and UP on a need premise. Per capital GDP of these states is low so our govt ought to make favorable condition for business here. The execution of the current midway supported plans ought to be made powerful. Thee less fortunate states on per capital premise ought to get more awards. The govt should give more weight on training at essential level, fundamental medicinal services, budgetary incorporation, well being net of crippled, old, ladies and kids, crop protection, less expensive credits to ranchers and little scope ventures, business age rather than jobless development, and benefits or standardized savings. Just better arranging, viable usage and focused on approach can fathom this danger.

From film reels to memory cards to cell phones, it seems perfectly logical to trace the roots of the last dozen seismic shifts in photography to the physical devices used to capture images, but an exhibit at the Center for Photography at Woodstock has taken a more philosophical approach to the rise of smartphones and their drastic impact on the way we use and respond to photography.
The Space Between: Redefining Public and Personal in Smartphone Photography is curated by photographer and film maker Henry Jacobson, and through a survey of 10 photographers, one collective and one collaborative project, delves into the never-ending debate around smartphones and their function as cameras capable of capturing a moment in time and distributing it all over the world in a matter of seconds.
“Photography has always depended on technology, and every change in technology has affected the history of photography, but the smartphone, in its nature, is a device that is not for photography. It’s a device that is for communication ,”It makes perfect sense that a new kind of photography would evolve.”

By Udbhav Bhargava

India’s drug regulator, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, has approved human clinical trials to be performed for ‘Covaxin’ This was the first indigenous Covid-19 vaccine candidate to obtain this approval. Such trials are expected to begin in July across India. The vaccine is being developed by the Bharat Biotech India (BBIL) and National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune. The latter, with the assistance of Indian Council of Medical Research, isolated a strain of the virus from an asymptomatic Covid-19 patient and transferred it to BBIL. The vaccine is scheduled to launch on the 74^th Independence Day.

There are 2 types of vaccines

• Live-attenuated vaccines
• Inactivated vaccines 

Weakened (or attenuated) germ shape which causes a disease. Since these vaccines are so close to the natural infection that they help prevent, they build an immune response that is effective and enduring. Only 1 or 2 doses of the majority of live vaccines will provide protection against a germ and the illness it triggers for life.

Live vaccines are used to protect against:  MMR combined vaccine

• Rotavirus 
• Smallpox  
• Chickenpox 
• Yellow fever

Inactivated vaccines use the destroyed, disease-causing form of the germ. Inactivated vaccines typically do not have as high immunity (protection) as live vaccines-booster shots. Inactivated vaccines appear to have a better record of health. Inactivated vaccines are used to protect against:

• Hepatitis A 
• Flu   
• Polio
• Rabies

Vaccine Development – Explained

General stages of a vaccine’s growth process are 1. Stage 2 Exploratory. Phase 3 Pre-clinical. Clinical Evolution 4. Examination and approval of regulations5. Fabrication 6. Clinical development: Quality assurance

Clinical development is a process which takes three phases. Until being considered safe and appropriate for general use, new medications will move through all three stages of clinical trials. If the initial tests are successful, this Coronavirus vaccine may last 12 to 18 months until it is ready for public use.

Phase 1 

Phase 1 trials evaluate a small number of people who undergo specific doses of an experimental drug, usually between 20 and 80. Researchers track how each volunteer metabolizes the given medication over the course of several months, and what specific side effects occur in response to various doses.

Phase 2 

Phase 2 trials typically examine several hundred people and monitor participants for periods of from several months to two years.  Primarily, Phase 2 trials serve as a secondary measure of safety and help researchers to refine the dosing of a particular medication. Researchers are currently selecting participants with characteristics, such as age and physical health, that match those of the people for whom the vaccine is being produced. Of example, although anyone may contract COVID-19, those of advanced age and those with chronic illnesses are more likely to experience serious symptoms and this should be seen in Phase 2 studies.

Phase 3

Stage 3 trials usually follow 300 to 3,000 participants in one to four years. Researchers can take note of unusual side effects of the drug with a larger group of people, and by extending the study period, they can catch long-term side effects as they arise. Phase 3 trials must show that a given medication offers the medical benefits it’s meant to.

Phase 4

Upon approval by the regulator, the company will constantly monitor the use of its vaccine on patients and apply reports of post-marketing surveillance, which will test for any possible adverse effects of the drug over the long term.

We started off life with misconceptions about happiness and why our expectations aren’t so good.We’ve seen we don’t want them as much as we think, or if we want to make them good, we have to put these effortful practices in to get as much out of them as we want. First shot isn’t the perfect shot of everyone for anything in this world , as the relatable quote goes “third time’s the charm”. Don’t stick to the art of perfection , stick to the art of righteousness. This case of choosing righteousness tends miswanting , that we tend to want the wrong things.Well, it happens because of these crazy biases, these annoying features of our mind that mess us up.We can have strategies we can use to intentionally change our biases.One set of strategies is that we want to find ways to want happiness in an organic way. we want to savor, we want to be grateful, we want to break off this natural process that makes us stop loving the things that we love.strategies that we can use to reset our reference points, reframe things so that they seem better. Lots of strategies do that.The fact that our mind is delivering to us intuitions about what we want that just seem to be wrong.Things you should be wanting but don’t currently want. And there are going to be kind of two flavors of these things. One set of better ways of wanting are wanting the right parts of the things that we already do want. Those things that we wanted are there for some reason. Getting to the right parts of those things , second part which is totally new things that many of you have not said that you wanted yet or don’t think you want yet that are actually going to give you a lot of bang for your buck; things that you don’t realize are really, really good but are the kinds of things that are going to have a much bigger impact on how happy you are. The stuff that we know that we want some version of, but we kind of get what part we want wrong.

They tend to be morally valued in most moral systems of the world. They tend to be the kind of virtues that don’t make other people feel bad. So they’re not something that like you have. To be referred to those things as your signature strengths, and just defined as these are the ones, these character strengths that are kind of not just that you have really strongly but that you feel are kind of essential to who you are. You feel as almost like meaningful when you think about them.It can differ as time manages to slid off its way possible into your indecisiveness , choosing wisely wanting something which is rational and sensible up to the mark of your satisfaction is what makes it right.

The fresh action opens an all-new chapter in the growing tensions between India and China over the Ladakh border, which is gradually spilling over into the world of business, e-commerce and now mobile Apps.

A day before the third round of talks between Indian and Chinese military commanders to resolve the border stand-off, the government on Monday “blocked” as many as 59 Chinese Apps, including popular ones such as TikTok, UC Browser, WeChat, Shareit and CamScanner, for “engaging in activities which are prejudicial to sovereignty and integrity of India, defence of India, security of state and public order”.
The move against the “malicious Apps”, announced by the information technology ministry, came after several complaints of stealing of user data, which was allegedly being surreptitiously transmitted to servers located outside India, the government said, without naming China.

The ban has been enforced under Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (“Power to issue directions for blocking for public access of any information through any computer resource”).

The notification is expected to be followed by instructions to Internet service providers to block these apps. Users are likely to soon see a message saying access to the apps has been restricted on the request of the government. Further downloads of these apps are likely to be blocked on Google’s Play Store and Apple’s App Store.

The major impact of the ban will be on the Indians, using Helo, Likee and other similar apps, who are not comfortable in English. Also, most of these platforms have Indian creators, for many of whom this is the only source of income. Many of these apps have offices and employees in India, and a few thousand jobs could be at stake.

TikTok was banned in India on the order of the Madras High Court for a few days last year, but it came back soon after the court vacated the ban. This action, however, is more sweeping, impacts more apps, and has been taken in a specific strategic and national security context. It could be a warning to bigger Chinese businesses in India, and to China itself.

By Udbhav Bhargava

The Jiribam-Imphal railway line connects the Imphal, Manipur’s capital city, to the rest of India via the Indian Railway network. The ambitious project for the railway line, which was declared a national project, was taken up in 2008. The project has a Rs 13,809 crore budget and the line is scheduled to finish by March 2022.

The railway line from Jiribam-Imphal will have 149 bridges and 52 tunnels along the path that will have to pass through steep hills. The line will also boast the tallest railway girder bridge on Indian Railways (bridge number 164) with a pier height of 141 metres, nearly twice as high as Qutab Minar.

North east state capitals Railway connectivity

Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Tripura’s capitals have already been connected by a wide network of gauge rail. Work has been taken on new broad gauge lines to link the other state capitals – 1. Shillong (Meghalaya) 2. Manipur (Imphal) 3. Kohima (Nagaland) 4. Mizoram (Aizawl)

An Important Bridge completed

The girders for Bridge number 44, part of the upcoming railway line Jiribam-Imphal, were launched over the Makru River in Tamenglong District, Manipur. The newly launched bridge is Indian Railways’ first ever 100-metre-high pier bridge. The pier bridge, 100 meters long, is the size of a 33 story building. The bridge spans 555 metres. Bridge 164 – The tallest girder rail bridge Over River Ijai  Near Noney town, Manipur  141m height  Trains can pass over it at 120kmph speed

Difficulties in construction work

Many militant organizations are active in the region, so safety and security was a major issue for the construction workers. Thus, Territorial Army-119 Unit battalion was deployed. Construction sites are extremely remote, access is very difficult for both man and machine. The heavy girders were transported by custom made trucks. Torrential rains, extreme weather, steep hills and forests have been major concerns to be considered.

Grievance management

Organisations are a part of society and employee has certain expectations which must be fulfilled by the organisation where he is working. Due to different social background and various psychological factors employees occasionally have to be uncomfortable or aggrieved about certain managerial decisions, practices or service conditions.

In some cases, the employees have complaints against their employers, while in others it is the employers who have a grievance against their employees. For smooth selling of the organisation, it is necessary to pay immediate attention on these grievances and complaints.

Dale Yader defines a grievance as “a written complaint filed by an employee and claiming unfair treatment. Keith Davis, defines a grievance as “any real or imagined feeling of personal injustice which an employee has concerning his employment relationship.”

Grievance management concept

Emergence of grievance is a natural outcome of interaction among people, whether in organizational context or in other context. In the organizational context, employees may have some grievances against employer; in the same way, employer may have grievances, against employees. Grievance is a state of dissatisfaction over some issues related to employment. Generally, expression of this dissatisfaction-is known as grievance.

National Commission on Labour (India) has taken the view that “complaints affecting one or more individual workers in respect of wage payments, overtime, leave, transfer, promotion, seniority, work assignment, and other discharges constitute grievances.”

Based on the above definitions, we may derive that:

Grievance is a feeling of an employee that an injustice has been done to him.

2. The feeling may be valid and legitimate, or untrue; and may arise out of something connected with the work or the organization.

When employees have grievances and these are not redressed properly, these result in frustration, discontent, and indifference to work, poor morale, and low productivity. Accumulated grievances among employees may lead to turmoil in the organization.

Forms of Grievance : Factual, imaginary and Disguised

A Grievance may take any one of the following forms:

(i) Factual :

Factual grievances arise when legitimate needs of employees remain unfulfilled, e.g., wage hike has been agreed but not implemented.

(ii) Imaginary:

When an employee’s grievance is because of wrong perception, wrong atti­tude or wrong information. Though it is not the fault of management, the responsibility for their redressal still rents with the management.

(iii) Disguised:

An employee may have dissatisfaction for reasons that are unknown to himself. If he or she is under pressure from family, friends, relatives, neighbours, he or she may reach the work spot with a heavy heart. If a new recruit gets a new table and cupboard, this may become an eye shore to other employees who have not been treated like wise previously.

Identification of Grievance : 5 proactive methods of addressing Grievance

Grievance should be redressed by adopting proactive approach rather than reactive approach. The proactive approach addresses the factors responsible for emergence of grievance. In other words, management does not allow grievance causing situation to emerge. But in reactive approach, a particular grievance gets redressed but the underlying cause continues to exist. Unless it is rooted out lock, stock and barrel, there cannot be any permanent solution.

The following are the proactive methods of addressing Grievance:

(i) Exit Interview: Information collected from the exiting employee on various aspects of working conditions forcing him to quit is supposed to be more credible than those expressed by the existing workers.

(ii) Gripe Box System: Employees may be encouraged to drop anonymous complaints as they may fear that their identity may invite victimisation especially when they complain against the management. This method is more appropriate when there is lack of trust and understanding between employees and their supervisors.

(iii) Opinion Survey: Various surveys line morale survey, attitude survey, job satisfaction survey, grievance survey or comprehensive survey comprising all the above aspects, reveal vital inputs about the negative aspects of functioning of the organization. Since the survey is conducted by persons other than the supervisor and the respondent’s identify is not insisted upon, information collected is likely to be reliable.

(iv) Meetings: Group meeting, periodical interviews, collective bargaining sessions, informal get-togethers may be used to collect information about grievances.

(v) Open-door policy : Under this policy any employee can lodge complaint or file his grievance with the manager designated for this purpose. The very objective of this policy is to encourage upward communication.

Causes of Grievance in industrial organisation:

Grievances typically arise on such questions as discipline and dismissal, the payment of wages and other fringe benefits, working time, over-time and time-off entitlements, promotions, demotion and transfer, rights deriving from seniority rights of supervisors and union officers, job classification problems, the relationships of work rules to the collective agreement and the fulfilment of obligations relating to safety and health laid down in the agreement.

Such grievances, if not dealt with in accordance with a procedure that secures the respect of the parties, can result in embitterment of the working relationship and a climate of industrial strife.

Grievance resulting from working conditions:

• Strained employer – employee relationship
• Tight production standards
• Unfavourable physical conditions such as excessive heat , low temperature , excessive humidity etc.
• Change in schedule or procedure
• Mismatch between the job and the worker

Grievances arising from management policy:

• Wage Payment
• job rates
• Leave and overtime
• seniority and Promotion
• Role ambiguity
• Disciplinary action
• Absence of employee development plan

Grievance resulting from personal maladjustment :

• Over-ambition
• Excessive self-esteem
• Impractical attitude to life

Model Grievance procedure in India:

The Grievance procedure issue was discussed in the 15th session of Indian labour conference held in 1957. In the 16th session of the conference (1958), model Grievance procedure was prepared .

The steps in procedure (as per the model Grievance procedure) will be as follows:

Step:1 Grievance is to be submitted in writing to the departmental representative of the management. Here the aggrieved worker can take the help of this union representative. He (departmental representative) has to be replay with in 48 hour.

Step:2 If the matter is not settled at the level , the aggrieved worker can take the matter to the head of the department who has room give the decision with in 3 days.

Step:3 If concerned worker is not satisfied at this stage, he can take his Grievance to the grievance committee. This committee must make it recommendation to the management with in 7 days. The final; decision of the management on the report of the committee is to be communicate to the concerned worker with in 3 days of receipt.

Step:4 If the worker is not satisfied even at this stage , he can make appeal for revision to the management and the management has to communicate its decision to concerned worker with 7 days.

Step:5 In the final stage , the Grievance may be referred to voluntary arbitration.

By Udbhav Bhargava

On the 2^nd of July, a Turkish court heard a lawsuit in which the Hagia Sophia was turned back into a mosque. It will have its decision released within 15 days.

The 1,500-year-old structure, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, was originally a cathedral before it was turned into a mosque.

The History of Hagia Sophia

Two churches were built on the site where the present Hagia Sophia stands, in 360 AD and 415 AD, and were later demolished. Eventually, in 537 AD, during the reign of Emperor Justinian, the present building was built as a church. It was established to become the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church’s Patriarch, and remained so for around 900 years. It was at the time the world’s largest building and a marvel of engineering, and was renowned for its wide dome. The words ‘Hagia Sophia’ signified ‘Holy Wisdom’.

Transition from Cathedral to Mosque

In 1453, Constantinople (old name of Istanbul) fell to Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II. The Hagia Sophia was vandalized by the Ottoman army (but not totally destroyed). It was soon after transformed into a mosque. Major interior repairs have been carried out; the Christianity signs and symbols have been plastered over but still remain visible. Minarets were added according to Islamic architecture.   

And then from Mosque to Museum

After World War I, the Ottoman Empire saw its downfall and the modern and secular Republic of Turkey was established three years later, under the Ataturk’s leadership. The patriarchal head, Mustafa Kemal Pasha ‘Ataturk’ ordered the Hagia Sophia to be converted to a museum in 1934. Hagia Sophia was listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1985 and currently attracts over 3 million visitors a year. In 2013, government allowed the muezzin to call for prayer from the minarets of the museum. The conversion issue was raised during local elections in 2019, after which Erdogan’s party lost the municipal elections in Istanbul. Further, this year, special Islamic prayers were held in the museum structure on the 567th anniversary of the Ottoman invasion.

Association for the Protection of Historic Monuments and the Environment, a group asking for the Hagia Sophia to be reverted from a museum to a mosque filed a case in Turkish courts. 

Local media sources suggest the government has been planning to keep Hagia Sophia open to visitors even though it has been converted into a mosque. The World Heritage Committee shall take decisions relating to the application of the Convention on the Preservation of the World Cultural Heritage. When a country has ratified the Convention and wants to change the name of a monument, it must send its request for approval to the Commission.

Many religious and political figures have opposed the agreement, including the Istanbul-based Ecumenical Patriarch, the spiritual leader of the world’s Orthodox Christians, as well as Greece, France and the United States. The intense executive activism in Turkey is fueled by political motives and is an effort to establish Islamic supremacy which is against the secular character of the republic established in 1922.