“Health is a relationship between you and your body and Hygiene is a two thirds of Health.”
In modern times, it has become so important to take care of one’s health and hygiene.
Health is the normal and sound state of the body. This is a great source of peace and happiness. Health refers to a state and sound mind and physically fit body free from any disorder, sickness or ailment or we can say that health refers to the physical, emotional and psychological well-being of a person.
Hygiene refers to the good practices that prevent diseases and leads to good health, especially through cleanliness, proper sewage disposal, and supply of safe drinking water. It refers to all those activities that are done for improving and preserving, maintaining sound health.
With the rising population levels, pollution levels, emissions of harmful gases, it has to be a priority for everyone to maintain their health and hygiene. The health and hygiene essay guides you the different ways into which a person should be aware of his/her health.
The proverb says that health is wealth it truly said that of all things in the world health is the most valuable that one can possess. Money is no doubt a pleasant thing. However, it can give no pleasure to a man of ruined health. As body and mind are closely connected, the mind cannot be sound and cheerful without sound health.
According to WHO, health is a state of complete mental, spiritual, physical, ad social well being and not only the absence of disease. If a person is in a good physical state and free, greed tension, anger, etc, then that person is not healthy.
Value and benefits of Good Health: Life is a great struggle, and health is the best weapon to be successful in the battle of life. A healthy man can enjoy life in every way. An unhealthy man lives a most miserable life. He may have intelligence, merit and wealth, but he cannot put them to use and reap their benefits.
Hygiene Habits for Good Health
Pure water: Pure water is another source of good health. A great deal of sickness is caused by using impure water. People in villages often bathe, and wash clothes and cattle in tanks. If this water is used for drinking purposes, it may bring disastrous diseases. To make water pure it should be boiled, so that it may not do any harm.
Balanced and Nutritious Food: Wholesome food keeps our health good. A part of the food we take serves as fire to keep the body warm; another part forms flesh to give us strength. Pure milk is the most nutritious food. Vegetables and many other things that we generally take are nutritious food.
Hygiene refers to good practices and rituals that prevent diseases and leads to good health. Thus, it mainly includes proper sewage disposal, cleanliness, and safe drinking water supply. So, it includes all the activities that are done for preserving and improving as well as maintaining sound health.
Conclusion
We must learn proper hygiene practices to preserve our health. Too much work or exercise, eating or drinking are injurious to health. A regulated life is very helpful to a sound health.
London, July 5 | Amid UK-China face off over Hong Kong, Chinese tech giant, Huawei, could be cut out of UK’s 5G network this year, say reports.
British Prime Minister Boris Johnson is set to make a major policy change after GCHQ, intelligence and security organisation responsible for providing signals intelligence to the government and armed forces of the UK, is believed to have reassessed the risks posed by the Chinese technology company, newspapers have said.
A report by GCHQ’s National Cyber Security Centre has decided the US sanctions barring Huawei from using technology relying on American intellectual property has had a severe impact on the company, the Sunday Telegraph reported.
The newspaper said officials are crafting proposals to prevent new Huawei equipment being installed in the 5G network in as little as six months.
A study set to be presented to Johnson this week will declare that US sanctions on Huawei will force the company to use technology that is “untrusted”, reports said.
The Mail on Sunday reported that the National Cyber Security Centre was instructed to carry out a review on the situation. It also reported the organisation found that US sanctions had a major impact on the firm’s viability, the newspaper said.
The involvement of the company in Britain’s 5G network also caused concern among a number of prominent figures on the Conservative backbenches.
It is reported that GCHQ found that the US sanctions had a major impact on the firm’s viability.
The prime minister’s decision to allow Huawei a limited role in Britain’s 5G network had caused tension between London and Washington DC in recent months.
Food is the basic human need to stay alive.Therefore it is important that we should not waste food. Our world consists of different types of cultures. These cultures have varieties of dishes of food in them.Thus, all the dishes have different taste. Furthermore, our nature provides us a variety of food. From fruits to vegetables, from Dairy food toseafood everything is available. Different countries have their own specialty of dishes.
DIFFERENT CUISINES
Italian cuisines is one of the most popular cuisines around the world. Moreover, it is widely available in our India too. Dishes like pizza, pasta, and lasagna own a special place in the hearts’ of people. Furthermore, restaurants like Dominos and Pizza hut are available all over the country. Also, Italian dishes are famous for their’ cheese filling. Every dish is load with cheese.
Indian cuisine is always filled with a lot of herbs and spices. Furthermore, the specialty of Indian dishes is, it is always filled with curries. Whether veg or non-veg the dishes are in curry form.The Branch consists of Mughal cuisine which is mostly of non-vegetarian dishes. Also, almost every Indian love Muglia dishes.
Chinese cuisine in India is also very popular. Moreover, in these restaurants Chinese are preferable chefs because they can only give the perfect Chinese blend. Some of dishes are Chinese noodles, fried rice, Dumplings, etc. Dumplings have a different name here. They go by the name of momos in India and people love the taste of it.
These were some of the favorites of Indian people.You can find it anywhere, whether be it in 5-star restaurants or at the side of the street as street foods.We cannot deny the importance of food in our lives. As it is the basic need to survive. Yet some people waste not thinking that there are still some people that do not get any of it. .These were some of the favorites of Indian people. Moreover, these are in almost every part of the city. You can find it anywhere, whether be it in 5-star restaurants or at the side of the street as street foods.
CHENNAI: Following the alleged involvement of Friends of Police (FoP) at the father-son duo murder at Sathankulam, at least three Deputy Inspector Generals of Police have banned FoP at their jurisdictions.
The statement was sent by the DIGs of Madurai, Villupuram and Tirunelveli. A source said that the Director-General of Police has verbally ordered the Tamil Nadu police not to use FoP.
The districts where FoP is banned as of Sunday afternoon are Tiruchy, Karur, Ariyalur, Perambalur, Pudukottai, Villupuram, Tirunelveli, Thenkasi, Thoothukudi, Kanniyakumari, Villupuram, Cuddalore and Kallakurichi.
Sushant Singh Rajput Suicide Case Latest Update: After the viscera report and the autopsy report, the police have now pitched for a ‘tensile strength analysis’ report that involves checking the strength of the cloth that Sushant used to hang himself to the ceiling fan of his apartment at Bandra’s Mont Blanc building. As per a report published in PTI, along with recording the official statements of more people in the case, the Bandra police are also now waiting for the tensile strength analysis that will be done by the Forensic Science Laboratory in suburban Kalina.
The new agency mentioned a source saying, “Besides viscera from the actor’s body, the police also sent the gown for chemical and forensic analysis at the Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL) in suburban Kalina. It will take at least three more days to get the final forensic report. To ascertain the exact cause of death, forensic experts will check the pattern of ligature marks around the actor’s neck and also determine the strength of the gown with the help of ‘tensile strength’ analysis.”
While the autopsy report established that the actor died of asphyxia caused due to hanging, the tensile analysis will establish whether the cloth used for hanging could actually bear 80 kg of weight. “The tensile strength test will technically establish whether the cloth can bear around 80kg, the weight of the actor. The test will help determine if there was any foul play,” the report further added.
The agency also mentioned that usually, the report comes out in eight-ten days in such cases but since this is a sensitive case and many are suspecting a foul play, the report is expected to come out within three-four days.
Sushant Singh Rajput died on a Sunday morning – June 14. He was 34 years old.
Lockdown News: List of Cities Under Complete Shutdown This Week to Break Chain of Coronavirus.
Lockdown News: To contain the spread of coronavirus, a number of states have imposed complete shutdown in certain cities. Starting from Odisha and Tamil Nadu to Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh, these states have taken strict measures in these cities to break the chain of the virus. However, they have allowed the essential services to function during this time. Cuttack (Odisha) Amid rising cases of coronvirus, the Odisha government on Saturday declared a complete shutdown in Cuttack till July 8. During this time, all non-essential shops will be closed and non- essential travel will be prohibited.
Municipal Corporation (CMC) said grocery, vegetable and milk shops can remain open from 5 AM to 6 PM while strictly adhering to COVID-19 safety protocols. The development comes as Cuttack’s COVID-19 tally surged to 116, including 92 active cases.
Sambalpur (Odisha)
Apart from Cuttack, the Sambalpur district administration has also announced a one-day shutdown on Sunday to contain the spread of the virus. As per notification from the district administration, the restrictions will be imposed on vehicular movement and non-essential services.
Madurai (Tamil Nadu)
Looking at the rising cases of coronavirus, the Tamil Nadu government on Saturday has extended complete lockdown in Madurai till July 12. Prior to this, the state government had announced complete lockdown in areas within Madurai Corporation limits, Paravai Town Panchayat and rural blocks of Madurai East, Madurai West and Thirupparankundram from June 24 to July 5.
Issuing a notification, Chief Minister K Palaniswami said essential services will continue during the lockdown and no kind of activities shall be permitted in containment zones.
Just a few days ago, the state government announced that there will be a complete shutdown on all the four Sundays in July throughout Tamil Nadu.
Ballia (Uttar Pradesh)
After 40 new cases were reported, the Ballia district administration in Uttar Pradesh has imposed complete lockdown in Ballia city and surrounding areas from July 3 to 10.
The development comes as the city in the past 10 days has reported 42 cases with 30 of them without travel history.
Issuing an order, District Magistrate Hari Pratap Shahi said all localities in the city and surrounding areas have been declared containment zones and said there will be restriction on people’s movement. However, only people involved in providing essential services will be exempted.
Itanagar and Naharlagun (Arunachal Pradesh)
Taking preventive measures, the Arunachal Pradesh government has also on Saturday announced a week-long complete lockdown in Itanagar and Naharlagun from July 6.
As per announcement from the state government, the complete lockdown will be imposed at 5 AM on July 6 and till 5 PM on July 12.
Issuing the order, Chief Secretary Naresh Kumar said that there will be certain exemptions which would be announced on July 5, Kumar said.
The twin towns of Itanagar and Naharlagun, which are also known as Capital Complex region, have seen a rapid rise in the number of COVID-19 cases of 89 so far. Of the 89 cases, 81 are active while eight people have recovered.
With 20 fresh COVID-19 cases were reported in the state on Saturday, the ttal tally in the state stands at 252.
Bengaluru
The Karnataka government has on Saturday enforced strict lockdown in all containment zones in the state, especially Bengaluru, to check the further spread of coronavirus.
The move was taken as 1,839 new corona cases were reported during the last 24 hours. The total tally in the state has gone up to 21,549, including 11,966 active cases and 9,244 cured patients. The state’s death toll increased to 335 with 42 more casualties since Friday.
On the other hand, Bengaluru alone accounted for 1,172 new cases, taking its tally of positive cases to 8,345 and active cases to 7,250 with 965 discharged patients till date.
Hockey is one of the most popular and interesting games played in many countries. It has been chosen as the National Games of India. There are two teams in this game and both teams have 11-11 players. The aim of the players of one team is to use the hockey against the other team to score more and more goals by bowling the ball on the net. After winning our six Olympic gold medals and consistent series of matches, our country has made a great record in the field of hockey. Famous players of the Golden Age were Dhyanchand, and due to their outstanding achievements, they are known as hockey magicians.
MAJOR DHYANCHAND
Hockey is played with hockey stick and ball. Was played in ancient Greece during the East There is a lot of hockey; Such as ground hockey, ice hockey, sled hockey, roller hockey, road hockey, etc. Nowadays, hockey is usually played, hockey. Ice hockey is exactly the opposite of the field hockey, which is played in the snowy fields of Canada and North America.
To play hockey safely requires stand-alone equipments whose names, helmets, neck guards, shoulder pads, knee pads, elbow pads, jackpot with cup pocket, hockey stick, and a ball.
Other forms of hockey are Air hockey, beach (beach), hockey, ball hockey, box hockey, deck hockey, foot hockey, gym hockey, mini hockey, rock hockey, pound hockey, power hockey, Rausel Hockey, Stacker Hockey, Table Hockey, Underwater Hockey, Unicycle Hockey etc.
As we all know, a good time after the golden dawn in India’s sport of hockey has actually passed. This is due to lack of interest in hockey and the lack of competent hockey players, due to the lack of necessary facilities for the youth to keep this game in the future. It seems that it will never end and the gold era of hockey will come back due to the love, respect and respect of people for hockey. However, to bring back the Golden Age of Hockey to India, the Indian government requires more efforts, perseverance and support.
Hockey is the national game of India. This is said only though, so far no official announcement has been made. Now it is our responsibility to bring the golden era of hockey back to official officially declare it a national sport. For this, children should be promoted at the higher level by as well as encouraged by teachers, parents and the government.
These smartphones got expensive and cheaper in India recently.
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council earlier this year announced a hike in the rate of tax on mobile phones. The revision was supposed to come in effect from April 1, after which 18 per cent GST would be levied on mobile phones instead of 12 per cent. Due to this many brands including Xiaomi, Apple, Samsung and OnePlus were seen increasing the price of their phones.
Amidst the price increase, a country-wide lockdown was implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic, during which many brands were seen dropping the prices of their devices. Here we will be taking a look at all of the phones that have either seen a price increase or decrease in recent times.
The iPhone 11 now starts at Rs 68,300 (up from Rs 64,900) for the base 64GB variant. The iPhone 11 Pro now starts at Rs 1,06,600 (up from Rs 1,01,200) for the base 64GB variant. And the iPhone 11 Pro Max now starts at Rs 1,17,100 (up from Rs 1,11,200) for the base 64GB model.
Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra is now priced at Rs 97,900, up from Rs 92,999. The Galaxy S20+ and Galaxy S20 now start at Rs 77,900 (up from Rs 73,999) and Rs 70,500 (up from Rs 66,999). The Galaxy S10 Lite and Galaxy Note 10 Lite, now start at Rs 42,142 (up from Rs 39,999) and Rs 41,000 (up from Rs 38,999), respectively.
All variants of Poco X2 have received a price bump of Rs 1,000 on all variants of smartphones. Realme 6 now starts at Rs 13,999, whereas, the Realme 6 Pro now costs Rs 17,999 for the base variant. The Realme 5i is priced at Rs 999 and the Realme X2 starts at Rs 17,999.
The Oppo Reno2 is now available at Rs 38,990, up from Rs 36,990. The Reno2Z is available for Rs 27,490 instead of Rs 25,990 and the Reno2F is available for Rs 23,490 instead of Rs 21,990. Oppo F15 is priced at Rs21,990, up from Rs 19,990.
Vivo V17 now starts at Rs 24,990, Vivo S1 Pro at Rs 20,990, Vivo S1 at Rs 16,990 and Vivo U20 at Rs 19,990. Redmi Note 9 Pro Max starts at Rs 16,499, Redmi Note 9 Pro now starts at Rs 13,999.
OnePlus 7T Pro has gotten a Rs 6,000 price cut for the 8GB RAM/256GB storage variant. It is now available at Rs 47,999 at Amazon and the company’s own official website.
iQOO 3, when launched, was priced at Rs 38,990 for the 8GB RAM/128GB storage variant, at Rs 41,900 for the 8GB RAM/256GB storage variant, and at Rs 46,990 for the 12GB RAM/256GB storage variant. Now, these variants are available at Rs 34,990, Rs 37,990 and Rs 44,990, respectively.
Samsung Galaxy M21 is now available at Rs 12,699 for the 4GB RAM variant and at Rs 14,999 for the 6GB RAM variant. Whereas, the Galaxy A50s is now available at Rs 18,599 for the 4GB RAM variant and at Rs 20,561 for the 6GB RAM variant.
I have seen this movie a hundred times, every time I learn something new from this movie. A beautiful movie which depicts a string of emotions different people go through. What is fascinating about this movie is that in this movie no one is perfect ( as defined by the Indian cinema), everyone has their own traits which makes them look different but all these people with different traits live together and do not try to change each other rather they respect individuality ,Which I think this generation does not do. We are always in a race to become like someone, want a hair style like her, hey I want a bike like him, You should do an MBA as she did and etc. There are many factors which tends us to change our identity, our belief systems to make us someone we are not. What is required is not to make ourselves like others rather to learn things constantly, and bring out a better human from inside.
This movie revolves around Uma played by Sharmila Tagore who is a very shy and a quiet girl. Who never speaks up ,does not have aspirations or desires rather thinks that she is the reason her mother died. Her mother died at the time of her birth, since then her father went into an emotional trauma and distances himself from his daughter. The father daughter share the same roof but never do they talk to each other. This movie is directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and his movies always depicts complex relationships in a very simple yet elegant way.
Ashok played by Dharmendra is a struggling writer, he is poor but is determined not to ask the rich for favors. He has some principles in life reading this you might think he would be a very strict person, that’s not true. He is fun, he translates his misery into a joke every time he talks to people.
Such meaningful and heartfelt movies with songs having references to the storyline is not made nowadays. It does not mean that all the movies in this era are bad, it is just that they do not have any relevance, every movie you see today will have a catchy party song, a very heartfelt romantic song, a sad song that is it just to grab public attention. In Anupama the director used songs only to convey some feelings which cannot be said by a speech. Like the song kuch dil ne kaha portrays that Uma is a person who is shy of talking to people but opens up her feelings to flowers and leaves as she thinks they are her friends.
This movie does not have dramatic screenplay but it sure has many emotions, beliefs and trusts being broken or overflowed. Ashok when meets Uma and comes to know of her feelings , he gives her some advice about how grateful she should be that she has many things that many people don’t have and about the emotional chakravyuh she is in, he says “it is you who can get yourself out of this, some problems that we have created have to be solved by ourselves that is the best way”.
The movie was an eye-opener for me and I guess it would for you too.
Will Chinese Phones Be Banned In India? List Of Top 11 Chinese Smartphones….
The Indian Home Ministry announced a ban on 59 Chinese apps on Monday i.e. June 29, 2020, stating that the move is to protect India’s security and cyberspace. The MHA also said that the apps posed a threat to the safety of user data and privacy, and they are unfavourable to the country’s sovereignty and integrity. Before the Indian government’s bold move of banning the China-based applications, many users had already started boycotting Chinese apps, software and hardware to show support to the Indian army after the incident at the Line of Actual Control where 20 soldiers were martyred by Chinese soldiers.
However, many Chinese smartphone users are wondering, “will Chinese phones be banned in India?” “When will Chinese phones be banned in India?” and more. If you are wondering the same, here is all you need to know.
Will Chinese phones be banned in India?
Amid the movement to ban Chinese products, many people who have already bought several goods are worried if these phones will get banned too. Chinese smartphones are generally cheaper than most of the smartphones made in other countries such as Samsung, Nokia, iPhone and more. This is the reason why Indians preferred buying these smartphones because they are high on features with reasonable prices. However, no such ban has been reported until now and there is no such official statement released by the government of India for a ban on Chinese smartphones. So, until any further official statement by the government, it can be safely considered that a ban is not going to happen anytime soon. However, the ban on Chinese apps has shaken the Chinese app development companies and smartphone selling organisations. Nonetheless, according to reports, the Chinese smartphone sellers are going to present an update that will deactivate all the in-built banned Chinese apps from their phones.
India is the world of resplendent colors and rich cultural locales, be it magnificent monuments, heritage temples or tombs. The country’s ancient cultural heritage is inextricable linked to its technology driven present existence. The co-existence of a number of religions and cultures,makes it the perfect place for a complete.
Tourism in India is the largest service industry, with a contribution of 6.23% to the national GDP and 8.78% of the total employment in India. India witnesses more than 5.5 million annual foreign tourist arrivals and 740 million domestic tourism visits. In the year 2010, 17.9 million foreign tourists visited India. Majority of foreign tourists come from USA and UK. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan are the top 5 state to receive inbound tourists.
The mountain town in Ladakh is quickly rising to the top of must-visit lists.The towering Himalayas supply a dramatic backdrop and plenty of opportunity for adrenaline junkies to get their fix.Rock climbing and if you’re looking for something a little tamer, short trekking jaunts can be arranged.For a glimpse into the town’s culture and rich history, visit the Shey Palace and the many Buddhist monasteries.
One of India’s prettiest hill stations, Manali has long been a honeymooner’s paradise.The Beas river has whitewater rafting and there’s skiing, trekking, paragliding and zorbing to be done all along the hilly terrain nearby. Rohtang Pass has mesmerizing views of the great mountains, the Vashisht hot water springs has bathhouses for visitors to soak in the bubbling water and then there are large and small waterfalls at short drives all around Manali.
Darjeeling was developed as a hill station and tea plantation area, thanks to its cooler temperatures.Today, Darjeeling’s tea estates are world-renowned, but there’s more to it than its picturesque rolling hills sheathed in green.Nestled in the lesser Himalayas, Darjeeling offers breath-taking views of the great mountain including Mt Everest.Tiger Hill, at an altitude of 2,590 meters gives visitors a glimpse of the Kanchen Junga range. The ropeway and cable car rides, the natural history museum, the zoological parks and botanical gardens all give tourists a flavor of the natural wealth of the Himalayas.
The buzzing metro might be one of the most recognized Indian cities abroad, but the ‘Garden City’ had plenty going for it long before it became and IT hub. Bengaluru offers a blend of the old and the new and won’t disappoint. The Bangalore Palace is a glimpse into the city’s royal past and the imposing Vidhana Soudha structure and example of its prosperous present.There are plenty of ancient religious centers, such as St. Mary’s Basilica, St Patric’s Church and Shri Nimishamba Devi Temple.Younger tourists will enjoy the plentiful shopping at the many malls, all offering the biggest brands, and the thriving nightlife complete with pubs and lounge bars.
Do you need a reason to kiss someone? Or is it just a spur of the moment to let some know that I care about you? Whatever be it, today is the perfect day to let go of all the boundaries and kiss the person who matters to you. It does not mean that you can kiss only your partner, it is a perfect excuse and a great opportunity to show your love to your parents, your children and to everyone whom you love. This day is marked as an awareness to remind people about the pleasure and the subtle intimacy that can emanate from a simple kiss, be it among the friends, family, loved ones to the extent of pets.
The history of kissing dates back to the Romans who practically invented three widespread forms of kissing. The first is savium which denotes the most passionate form of kiss and it is usually exchanged among the partners and couples. Second is the basium which is of lesser degree as compared to savium, it is basically a loving kiss on the lips and it can be exchanged among the friends and it is the preferable kiss in the public. The last one is the osculum, which is just a friendly peck on the cheek and it is usually exchanged among everyone, depending on the occasion.
Now there is an interesting trivia about the forms of kissing. We all are aware of the term “French Kiss“. So if somebody asks you about the origin of this term, you might, well absentmindedly, say “it’s from France“. But surprisingly, it is not. The term “French Kiss” originated among the British and the American servicemen in France at the time of WWI, where the Galic women were more interested in a passionate kind of kiss as compared its American and British counterparts. So even though the French were not directly involved in such a type of kiss, but the event of passionate kiss being more prevalent in France gave birth to the name “French Kiss”. And the yet more surprising part is that, French were not even aware of the “mouth-on-mouth” kissing. In fact, the famous term “Galocher” which means “kissing with tongue” was added to the French dictionary, Le Petit Robert, recently in 2014. So what we initially thought that French kiss was started among the French, it in fact started among the Galic women in France.
Now enough about the history of the origin of the International Kiss Day, let’s turn our attention towards some interestingfacts and traditions followed worldwide.
In Vietnam, kissing is prevalent only among the spouses in private. The same is being followed in China and Japan.
In Netherlands, the norm is to exchange 3 kisses as a form of greeting.
In France, the customary way of greeting is one air kiss.
In Italy and France, the prevalent way of greeting is to exchange kiss on the lips among both men and women.
Modern anthropologists strongly believe that kissing was developed among the Eskimos, who used rub their noses against each other to take each other’s breath and to prevent getting cold. Such a cute form of kissing was known as “Eskimo Kissing“. This method of kissing is also quite prevalent among the Pacific Islanders and it is very surprising, yet a fact, that taking each other’s breath is a measure of compatibility.
International Kissing Day is a way of reminding how times are fleeting and why we should take a moment to appreciate what we have. It is not necessary to be grandeur about it, but how about a sudden subtle kiss on the cheek? Trust me, it will make someone feel valued. Tomorrow is 6th July, 2020. My personal advice would be to wake up in the morning, plant a kiss on your husband, parents and your children. Take some time out of your busy Monday mornings to greet your friends with virtual kisses either via Zoom/Whatsapp/Skype/Google Meet and so on and so forth. There are millions of way how can you show your love and you do not need to a romantic to do so.
All said, let’s take out a moment to send our kisses to our health-workers, doctors and the families who have lost their near ones during the COVID-19 pandemic. It might sound a bit illogical, but then again it’s International Kissing Day and there is a great opportunity to show our love and respect for them too.
Scientists strike note of caution as ‘Made in India’ vaccine programme gains momentum.
NEW DELHI: India’s COVID-19 vaccine programme has gained sudden traction but it is imperative to strike a balance between giving it high priority and rushing into a process that takes months, even years, several scientists said on Saturday, a day after the ICMR announced it envisaged a preventive by next month. There was hope but caution too as the Indian Council of Medical Research on Friday said it aims to launch the world’s first COVID-19 vaccine by August 15. The same day, Ahmedabad-based Zydus Cadila announced it has got the Drugs Controller General of India’s (DCGI) nod for human clinical trials for a potential vaccine.
“Fast tracking a vaccine trial in four weeks for safety, immunogenicity and efficacy is just not possible if things are to be done correctly,” Shahid Jameel, virologist and CEO of the Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance, a public charity that invests in building biomedical sciences and health research framework, told PTI.
Immunogenicity is the ability of a foreign substance, such as an antigen, to provoke an immune response in the body of a human or other animal, he explained.
Virologist Upasana Ray added that an accelerated launch or promise for launch of a vaccine against the novel coronavirus deserves applause but it is important to ask whether “we are rushing too much”.
“We must rush albeit carefully. Giving this project high priority is absolutely important. However, excess pressure might not necessarily lead to a positive product for public use,” the senior scientist at CSIR-IICB, Kolkata, told PTI.
India’s premier medical body ICMR has said 12 clinical trial sites for the indigenous Covaxin, being developed in collaboration with the Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotechand the National Institute of Virology (NIV), have been identified.
It asked medical institutions and principal investigators to ensure that the subject enrolment is initiated no later than July 7.
“It is envisaged to launch the vaccine for public health use latest by August 15 after completion of all clinical trials,” ICMR Director General Balram Bhargava said in his letter to the principal investigators of the 12 sites.
The tone of the letter and the haste it indicated had some scientists worried.
They questioned the timeline of the announcement mentioned in the letter, and advised against subverting the due vaccine development process.
“The ICMR ‘letter’ is, to say the least, a deeply inappropriate letter, in tone and content, both in terms of the integrity of due processes of product development, and in terms of technically realistic estimates,” immunologist Satyajit Rath told PTI.
Vaccine development is a multi-phase process.
Phase 1 trials are small-scale, usually involving few participants, to assess whether the vaccine is safe for humans.
Phase 2 trials often involve several hundred subjects, and mainly evaluate the efficacy.
The final phase involves thousands of people to further assess the efficacy of the vaccine over a defined period of time, and can last several months.
Ray added that a vaccine normally takes at least 12-18 months to pass all necessary clinical trial phases.
“From now till August 15, the company has just over a months’ time to wrap up everything that normally a vaccine development process requires for releasing a vaccine for clinical use,” she said.
“How can such a sharp timeline be even decided? Where does the evidence come from that by such a short time all the essential steps will be completed? What about the safety and efficacy, the fundamental steps of any drug development? Have even the pre-clinical studies been completed? Too much rush comes with possible risks,” she said.
Ray noted that there are some broad mandatory steps for developing a vaccine.
Preclinical tests in small animals and mammals, she stressed, are essential to assess neutralising antibody titers and that itself can take at least a month or two.
A titer is a laboratory test that measures the presence and amount of antibodies in blood.
“Next, we check for safety. Then is the human trial. Even if we are in a deep rush we have to wait for some time for immunised individuals to start generating antibodies.
“After that a population needs to be monitored over time to investigate if people are still being infected,” she explained.
Skipping steps could either be dangerous or lead to poor product, Ray said.
“We must not compromise with the standard, the quality. We don’t need to be the first to launch a drug but what we need is a Made in India vaccine that the entire world can rely on,” she added.
The vaccine landscape in India has been also bolstered after the approval for Zydus Cadila’s vaccine candidate.
It was fast-tracked following a recommendation by the subject expert committee on COVID-19, considering the emergency and unmet medical need during the pandemic.
“DCGI Dr V G Somani has given approval for the phase I and II clinical trials (on humans) of the potential novel coronavirus vaccine developed by Zydus Cadila Healthcare Ltd on Thursday after its animal studies were found to be successful,” an official source said.
Jameel, winner of the 2000 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, noted that it is a vaccine funded by Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) and the Department of Biotechnology.
“Congratulations to Cadilla, BIRAC and DBT. We would look forward to properly conducted trials and good news in due course,” he told PTI.
“I am glad that a locally made vaccine candidate is making the same progress that others elsewhere in the world are making, not just with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates but with DNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates, and I will look forward to the results,” added Rath from Delhi’s National Institute of Immunology (NII).
Gautam I. Menon, professor from the Departments of Physics and Biology at Ashoka University, said Zydus Cadila’s vaccine appears to have shown safety and efficacy in animal trials and so they have been allowed to go to the next step, to human trials.
“This is the standard procedure. It is the human trials that are time-consuming and it is important to get this right,” Menon told PTI.
In another development, Serum Institute of India (SII) CEO Adar Poonawalla told The Tribune newspaper that the Covid-19 vaccine being developed at the University of Oxford will hit the market by the year-end.
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is made from a virus (ChAdOx1), which is a weakened version of a common cold virus (adenovirus) that causes infections in chimpanzees, and has been genetically changed so that it is impossible for it to reproduce in humans.
“I think it is likely that the ChAdOx1-S vaccine candidate which has entered a phase 3 clinical trial in Brazil, will give at least somewhat promising results by late this calendar year,” Rath said.
“Whether this will lead to the ‘vaccine’ becoming available in the market, and in the public health system, more importantly, by the end of this calendar year in India is much more uncertain, Mr Poonawala’s welcome optimism notwithstanding,” he added.
Among a number of architectural styles and traditions, the contrasting “Hindu temple architecture” and “indo-islamic architecture” are the best known historical styles. The architecture of India has rooted in its history,culture and religion. An early example of town planning was the Harappan architecture of the Indus valley civilisation.
Hindu temple architecture is mainly divided into dravidian and nagara styles. Dravidian architecture flourished during the rule of the Hoysala, Chola, Chera and pandiyan empires as well as Vjayanagara Empire.
During the British colonical period, European styles including neoclasses, gothic revival and baroque became prevalent across India. After independence, modernist ideas spread among Indian architects as a way of progressing from the colonial culture.
Most of the gupta period represented a hiatus in Indian rock-cut architecture, with the first wave of construction finishing before the empire assembled and the second wave beginning in the late 5th century, after it ended. This is the case, for example, at the Ajanta caves with an early group made by 220 CE at the latest and a later one probably all after about 460. Most of the famous monuments in a broadly gupta style, the caves at Ajanta, Elephanta and Ellora were in fact produced under other dynasties in Central India.
The Ajanta cavesThe Elephanta cavesThe Ellora caves
The Jain temple architecture is generally close to Hindu temple architecure and in ancient times Buddhist religious architecture. The basic layout of a Hindu and most Jain temples has consisted of a small garbhagriha or sanctuary for the main murti or cult images over which the high superstructure rise, then one or more larger mandapa halls. The earliest survivals of Jain architecture are part of the Indian rock-cut architecture tadition, initially shared with buddhism and by the end of the classical period with Hinduism. Jain temples and monasteries share a site with those of the other religions, as at Udayagiri, Bava Pyara, badami and Kalugumalai. There is considerable similarity between the styles of the different religions, but often the Jains placed large figures of one or more of the 24 tirthankaras in the open air rather than inside the shrine.
Udayagiri cavesBava PyaraKalugumalai
The Mughal architecture and painting influenced indigenous Rajput styles of art and architecture. Rajput architecture represents different types of bulidings which may broadly be classed as either secular or religious. The secular buildings are of various scales. It also continued well into the 20th and 21th centuries as the rulers of the princely states of British India commissioned vast palaces and other buildings like Umaid Bhawan palace.
Umaid Bhawan Palace
Similarly, The Maratha rule from 17th to 19th centuries, emerged during decline of Mughal empire, Prominent buildings such as Shaniwar wada, Lal Mahal in pune are few examples.
Sri Lanka Batsman Kusal Mendis Arrested for Causing Fatal Road Accident
Sri Lanka batsman Kusal Mendis has landed himself in deep trouble after a fatal accident in Pandura. He has been arrested by the North Police, after his vehicle collided with a 64-year-old cyclist, killing the latter.
The accident, according to reports in Sri Lankan media, occurred near the 13th KM post in the Horethuduwa area in Panadura at 5.30 a.m. on Sunday. The cricketer has been produced before a doctor for an examination and will be produced before court.
Day After Police Drop Probe, SL Sports Minister Offers ICC Evidence 2011 World Cup Was Fixed
Police Spokesperson SSP Jaliya Senaratne confirmed the news of Mendis’ arrest.
Also it has been learnt that the victim was a resident of Gorakapola area in Panadura.
The 25-year-old wicket-keeper batsman has represented Sri Lanka in 44 Tests and 76 ODIs. Mendis was part of the national squad which had resumed training after the Covid-19 lockdown. He has scored 2,995 runs at an average of 37 in Tests and 2,167 runs at an average of 30 in the ODIs. Mendis has also played 26 T20Is in which he has scored 484 runs at an average of 18.6.
For now Sri Lanka’s international assignments are on hold, that included a series against India, due to coronavirus.
To add to that, Lankan cricket is going through a big mess, be it individual players, or the government alleging that 2011 World Cup final was fixed. Legendary cricketers like Kumar Sangakkara, Mahela Jayawardene and Aravinda de Silva were questioned by the police on the same issue.
But the investigation was closed after widespread protests in the nation.
Eduindex News 
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