Our YouTube channel crossed 10k subs!
We crossed 10,000 Subscribers
Day: September 3, 2020
SCIENCE can do anything: 1940’s experiment on dead dog’s head.
Once Martin lurther king. Jr said ‘Our scientific power has outrun our spiritual power. We have guided missiles and misguided men.’ , but in 1940″ during the world war Russian scientists was in different world of experiments. In 1940, Russian scientists released a video of severed dog heads that were kept alive for several hours, wiggling their ears in response to sounds and even licking their mouths. The scientists claimed they could keep the animals alive by an artificial blood circulation system.Experiments in the Revival of Organismsо is a 1940 motion picture which documents Soviet research into the resuscitation of clinically dead organisms. It is available from the Prelinger Archives, and it is in the public domain. The operations are credited to Doctor Sergei Brukhonenko and Boris Levinskovsky, who were demonstrating a special heart-lung apparatus called the autojektor (or autojector), also referred to as the heart-lung machine, to the Second Congress of Russian Pathologists in Moscow.[2] It was filmed at the Institute of Experimental Physiology and Therapy, which is also in Moscow.[3] The heart-lung machine was designed and constructed by Brukhonenko, whose work in the film is said to have led to the first operations on heart valves.The autojektor device demonstrated in the film is similar to modern ECMO machines, as well as the systems commonly used for renal dialysis in modern nephrology.
Sergei Brukhonenko’s ‘Device for Artificial Circulation’ meant that blood could still pump around the body, or head, while the heart was removed.
It consisted of two parts – an oxgenator to saturate the blood with oxygen and removed excess carbon dioxide and a pump.
The pump drew used blood from the hear and deposited it in a glass chamber. It was warmed, oxygenated and then pumped back into the animal.
Using the system of tubes and pumps the head is sustained with oxygen and blood.
The head is subject to stimuli to prove it is in control of its faculties while on the machine.
The pump was not hermetically sealed and eventually the blood would coagulate. However, Brukhonenko was able to keep a dog’s head alive for one hundred minutes.
The device was never used in a clinical open heart surgery and a newer version created in the mid-1950s by John Gibbon overshadowed the work of Brukhonenko.
Modern devices are based on the same principles but are now much more complex and also control the chemical composition and temperature of the blood flowing into the body.
The Absolute Beginner’s Guide To A Healthy Lifestyle
The secret to a long & happy life lies in genuinely taking interest to follow a healthy lifestyle. Now a mere infatuation doesn’t work wonders unless you take some serious actions about it. Planning & implementation must go hand in hand for success.
Although many of us lead quite a stressful & demanding life. But what people tend to neglect is their health. Lost in the glitters of this golden & glamourous life accompanied with the intake of all sorts of junks & drinks. People forget to lead a healthy life. Thus causing to end up suffering from various ailments & hospital visits. So isn’t it wiser to spend some extra calories than spending some extra bucks upon hospital visits & medicines?
Following are the five ways enlisted to declutter an unhealthy lifestyle & replace it with rather a healthy one relating majorly with physical, mental & emotional well-being:
1] Healthy Eating Habits
To begin with, start with some good, wholesome & filling breakfast. As the word itself is self-explanatory, ‘break-fast’; refers to breaking the fasting period of the previous night. But ironically most teenagers these days, this fasting is often broken up by late-night snacks.
Next following one must pay attention to healthy eating throughout the day. Avoid junks & get more of greens included in your meals. Make sure you have your meals at a constant time every day. Minor deviations more or less can be ignored. And don’t forget to grab some fruits, milk & sprouts as well.
Also if you’re an over-eater, inculcate a habit of eating in controlled portions. Also, give some time & chew your food properly.
2] Exercise Daily
Physical activities ensure a breakdown of the calories gained by your body. Thus it is the golden key to maintaining a healthy regime. Kick-start your day with some early morning yoga or a brisk walk. One may also consider joining the gym or aerobic classes if necessary. Bicycling is yet another excellent escape for the same. A great cardiovascular workout indeed.
Some more insignificant add-ons can be going for a trek or so on weekends, switching to taking stairs rather than lifts, or walking nearby places than using transport/vehicle. These small steps shall add up to make some positive changes in your lifestyle.
3] Stay Hydrated
Now traditionally it’s said that on an average a person must drink 8-ounce glasses of water daily. As it not only improves body metabolism but also boosts skin health & beauty. So if you are someone suffering frequently from skin problems, now you know what you do.
Constantly sipping down water regulates kidney filtration thus flushing out toxins from the body & boosting the immune system. That in turn helps to fight off diseases.
4] Get Some Good Sleep
The brain clears away the debris accumulated by you during the day. Quality sleep can be marked by key points like :
a) falling asleep within 30 minutes
b) Sleeping at least 85% of the total time while in bed
Conventionally, it’s said to get a good 7-9 hours of solid sleep. Now if you are someone who’s insomniac it’s likely to result in you to some fatigue, forgetfulness & lack of focus.
Some trivial add-on steps to your bedtime routine may include some leisure book reading & freeing yourselves from laptop or phone screens. Also, consider keeping your cell phones at least 1m away from yourself. As the researchers have found out that, they emit radiations that may penetrate into the brain contributing to some poor sleep.
5] Music Therapy
Music is often used to promote mental & emotional health. It is said to also improve the quality of life for people with any sort of problem. Studies have shown that listening to your favorite tracks before bed can improve the quality of your sleep.
State Of Happiness
So, Firstly, it is important to know ‘What is Happiness’
Happiness is used in terms of mental and emotional states, including positive or pleasant emotions ranging from satisfaction to intense joy. Research on happiness has been conducted in scientific disciplines, including social and positive psychology, clinical and medical research and economics of happiness. In the Context of psychology, it is said when one feels intense joy and is very happy he or she develops crow’s feet at the outer corner of the eye. Hence, it is a very subjective topic.
Secondly, ‘How do we define Happiness’ Happiness comes when we feel satisfied and fulfilled. Happiness is a feeling of contentment, basically, believing that life is just as it should be. Perfect happiness, enlightenment and insight come when we have all of our needs satisfied. There is no need for any definition of happiness as it has a unique meaning for every human being.
Thirdly, ‘How do we measure Happiness’
By far the most common way that researchers assess happiness is through measuring self-reports. By using questionnaires or surveys, we can simply ask people about their level of happiness. People think about their happiness, and it is pertaining to the soul, so it makes sense ask them about it.
The word Happiness includes:
H- Heal
A- Active
P- Pleasure
P- Peace
I- Insight
N- Natural
E- Enlightenment
S- Success
S- Smile
These words of every letter in the term ‘Happiness’ are important factors to achieve happiness in life.
The opposite of happiness is sadness which is a state of apathy in the mindset. When we remain sad for an extended period of time it can lead to stress and will result in depression. To avoid this state of mind we must always remind ourselves of positive happenings in our lives that made us happy.
To achieve the complete state of happiness practising on enhancing the state of spirit is must:
1. Staying connected in life with what we have. Murmuring and Cribbing never led to happiness.
2. Staying concentrated on the current life instead of daydreaming of the good days or old days to be focused on the present day.
3. Stop dispraise for the things that went terribly wrong in life. Life is all about going on. Stop concerning and worrying and set new goals in life.
4. Being thankful to God for all the good things that we have in our life.
5. We should have good people around us who can boost up positivity in our life.
Everyone wishes to be happy in life. Happiness cannot be achieved without establishing complete control of one’s thoughts as it is very easy to be carried away by the bubbles of thoughts and emotions surrounding us. Remind yourself of the good things of your life and be thankful about it and follow above mantras to achieve a complete state of happiness.
Spice+ A new version
Spice+ stands for Simplified proforma for incorporation of companies electronically plus. It is an updated version of spice (2016) It is a Web portal launched by the ministry of corporate affairs. No doubt India has shown a massive improvement in EODB rankings in past couple of years. In the report of 2020 India attained 63rd rank in EDOB ranking, still there are some parameters of World bank in which India needs to improve like starting a business, starting business in India is a lengthy and complex process. It is said that to open a restraunt in Delhi you require 49 documents whereas to get an arms licence need only 19 documents. To resolve this issue for startups Indian government has taken new steps and one of those steps is spice+
Following are some important points regarding spice+
- It will offer 10 services by 3 central government ministries and departments (MCA, MOL, MOF) and one state government (maharshtra)
- It has 2 parts Part A- For name reservation of new companies. Part B – Offering a bunch of services including in corporations, Director Identification number, mandatory issue of PAN, besides allotment of Goods and Services identification number GSTIN
- Time saving
- Cost saving
- Easy and simplified
- will encourage new startups
- will help in achieving the target of 50th position in EODB ranking 2020.
Climate Change and Human Rights
It is an indisputable fact that climate change has detrimental effects on human beings and in particular on the disadvantaged. Yet, many normative frameworks of analysis tend to ignore the human rights angle.
Scholars such as Simon Caney believe that a Human Rights approach is the appropriate way forward to use as the main lens while viewing and analyzing Climate Change. Caney recognized three major elements of this. 1. Climate change jeopardizes some key human rights. 2. A human-rights-cantered analysis of the impacts of climate change enjoys several fundamental advantages over other dominant ways of thinking about climate change. 3. A human-rights-cantered analysis of the impacts of climate change has far-reaching implications for the kind of action that should be taken.
The need of the hour is an understanding among the international community at large that climate change isn’t simply a political or economic issue. It is very much a human rights issue, the biggest one of its kind. Problems such as greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere, not only destroy ecosystems but at the same time, they also violate human rights.
The United Nations Environment Programme in its 2015 Climate and Human Rights report outlined that extreme weather events are more prevalent in a warming world, leading to death, destruction of property and crops and limited access to food, water, shelter, healthcare as well as education. This report hence highlighted the detrimental implications that climate change has on human life.
World leaders must understand the severity of the problem at hand. A lot is at stake for humanity and the question of human rights if we continue to delay climate action. Environmentalists believe that most effective option would be to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as quickly as possible. The impacts of the greenhouse gasses currently in the atmosphere will be felt for decades. Thus, applying a human rights approach is more crucial than ever before.
As climate change intensifies, people will be forced to adjust, invest big in infrastructure or migration. This shows that those who have more money can afford to escape severe damage. But those who are historically neglected or marginalized in will be further disadvantaged and threatened. This shows that climate change does not impact everyone equally. Low income communities, women will all be disproportionately affected as global temperatures rise. These groups will thus suffer the most due to climate change. But what this inequality of climate impacts could lead to is a continued hindrance to the progress of climate action as those better-off would continue to feel that they’re relatively safe from the adverse effects of climate change.
Thus, in order to level the playing field, it is crucial to recognize the adverse effects of climate change, which violates human rights and disproportionately affects communities that are already most vulnerable. The reason that we need a human-rights approach is because it attempts to protect the vulnerable, while a cost-benefit analysis fails to do so because of its character, and a security-based approach fails to do so because its concern is only with climate change that causes conflict.
Voda-Idea to get a new lifeline again?
The Voda-Idea issue is not a new one as the company is in complete losses and day by day they are experiencing downfall.As already in the month of March 2020 Voda-Idea lost around 6.3 million customers and in the month of may it lost around 4.7 million customers.It is a very dissatifying results for the promoters,investors & even the shareholders of the company.
Now,as there is a ray of hope which is been coming from the two main big companies Amazon & Verizon that they are thinking to invest around or over $4 billion in the company.Voda-Idea’s stake sale has been halted and due to that there was an hearing in the court of which the company was threatened of their survival in the Indian market.As on Tuesday the supreme court gave the decision to telecom companies to pay their dues.Voda-Idea dues are around Rs 1.4 trillion which they need to pay in 10 years,with this decision of the court the company has the ray of light to come back.
For the payment of dues to the government & upgradation of network,the company need to raise funds.It has became the most important factor for the company to raise funds anyhow.Voda-Idea alone needs to pay around Rs 50,400 more to the government for the licence fee,spectrum charges,interest and penalties.The company has already paid around Rs 7854 crores.It has also faced the loss for the June quarter of around Rs 25,460 crores.
It is said that Voda-Idea has not responded to the comment & also both the companies Amazon & Verizon have also not replied to the mails yet.It is reported to be said that there is a board meeting on 4th September to consider such proposals of fundraising which will help the company.Amazon has a wide presence in Indian market as well as Verizon India is present in the form of media and online unit Oath Inc.Earlier this year,Google said that it would take stake in Voda-Idea of around 5% but unfortunately they invested in Jio Telecoms.It is said that Jio-Google-Facebook partnership will put pressure on other telecom company.
So we have to wait and watch if there is ray of light for the Vodafone Idea ltd to get the support of this two companies and raise good amount of money.It is always said that for having a profitable empire you should think from first.Decision making ability should be strong enough.
Art and culture of Karnataka
From its exuberant art and culture of multilingual ethnicity, astounding dance forms, mesmerising music, sophisticated heritage, zealous festivities, elegant clothing and delectable cuisine Karnataka has a plethora of historical secrets, interwoven within a rich and varied culture. It is a major tourist attraction with cities like Bangalore, the scenic Coorg, the lesser known hill town of Chikmagalur, and heritage sites like Hampi, which attract countless people every year. Karnataka offers a little something for everyone, be it a history enthusiast, a nature lover, or someone looking to immerse oneself in its cultural heritage. It is home to various tribes, the unique Siddi community, many Tibetan refugees, the anthropological enigma that is the Kodava community and others, who contribute to its own unique culture.
Earlier, painting involved not only the act itself but the entire process, from making one’s colours to watching as they come to life. Paper, wood, cloth, etc. were some of the materials artists used as a base for their paintings. Brushes weren’t made from synthetic materials but were made from the original hair of animals like camels, goat, and squirrel. The Mysuru style of paintings usually are representations of legends, mythical scenes, and the royal family. This style of painting from Karnataka is known for its simplicity and intricate detailing across the country. The artists used a particular gesso paste, consisting of zinc oxide and gum, which formed a protective layer on the painting, which has kept them undamaged even after 150 years.
Karnataka is home to 50 different tribes, each having their traditions and customs. Tribal art is another indigenous art form. Hase Chitra mud painting is an art form emerging from the Shimoga and Karwar districts and is currently being revived.
Languages of Karnataka
The diversity of Karnataka isn’t just in its art and history but also in religious and linguistic ethnicity. Combined with their long histories, the cultural heritage of the state lies in its language. The Kannadigas envelope most of the state that comprises 30 districts, while Karnataka is also home to Kodavas, Tuluvas, and Konkanis.
Kannada is spoken as a native language by about 74% of the people of Karnataka.
The native speakers of Tulu called Tuluvas also form a dominant ethnic community of Karnataka. Tuluvas cover most of Dakshina Karnataka, Udupi, Kasargod of Kerala which is often termed as Tulu Nadu. The Tuluvas form 2.38% of the total population of Karnataka.
Beary or Byari is spoken by the Muslim communities of Dakshina Kannada and Udipi districts. This language has influences of Malayalam, Arabic and Kannada.
Music of Karnataka
The only state that flourishes with both Hindusthani music from North and Carnatic music from the south is Karnataka.
What is Karnataka famous for?
Close to the Arabian Sea and the Lacca dive Sea, Karnataka is known for its beautiful yet unpopulated beaches and rich culture. … The state is famous for its natural, cultural and architectural heritage and there are plenty of places one can visit on his/her trip to Karnataka.
Dance of Karnataka
The ritual dances of Karnataka are known as Kunitha. One such dance is the Dollu Kunitha, a popular dance form accompanied by singing and the beats of decorated drums. This dance is primarily performed by men from the shepherd or Kuruba caste.
Famous food
The main food items are Jowar and wheat rotis, accompanied by a variety of spicy curries, pickles and buttermilk. The South Karnataka cuisine is dominated by steamed rice, and ragi(finger millet) and the traditional dish is the Ragi ball (Ragi mudde)
Atmosphere of this beautiful state
Winters start from January and last till February, during winters the climate of Karnataka remains pleasant. Every region of Karnataka experiences cold winter-wave and average temperature falls between 32°C to 20°C or even below that. Karnataka receives a delightful shower during months of October and November.
Behaviour of Karnataka people
They are very sweet as like their sweet Payasum . They love to interact with different kind of people and they obey their guest..
Must visit Karnataka it is a dream City with pure atmosphere. (no pollution)
Cultural Appropriation.
I am pretty sure that as we are in 2020, we all are aware of the term ‘Cultural Appropriation’. To keep it in simple words, cultual appropriation, is taking intellectual property, cultural expressions, artifacts, history, and ways of knowledge from a culture that is not one’s own. In the justice sense, it is concerned with the difference between respectful and disrespectful “taking”. Cultural Appropriation typically involves members of a dominant group exploiting the culture of less privileged groups, often with little or no understanding of the latter’s history and traditions.
For example, the famous Coachella festival. This festival attracts all the people indulging in cultural appropriation. From wearing bindi to appropriating African culture. In defense some say that non western people wearing jeans or speaking in english are taking from dominant cultures too. But here’s the thing, marginalized groups don’t have the power or to be precise aren’t given the power to stick with their customs or try dominant culture’s traditions for fun.
For eg, Native students are suspended for speaking in their own native languages. They adapt the western traditions to fit in or to survive without facing discrimination. In simpler words, context matters.
Cultural appropriation steals the credits.
Cultural appropriation has a nasty habit of giving the dominant group credit for aspects of a culture that they have taken, reinforcing the power imbalance between the two groups. Many white celebrities have started fake tanning, to an extent where one can’t even recognize them.
On one hand the dominant culture fetishizes dark skin tone and on the other hand still hold prejudice for people of colour.
For example, Kylie Jenner was credited with starting an ‘edgy’ new hair trend, while black actress Zendaya faced criticism for wearing her hair the same way. While Kylie Jenner, a person with no ties to black culture, was given credit for taking something that wasn’t hers. Oh, and let’s not forget about white people mocking Indians for their accent and then wearing a ‘Namaste’ t-shirt to look edgy.
It’s also an unsettling reminder that the process of taking our practices from us isn’t over, as white folks end up having more access to our practices than we do.
The sweeping trend of yoga in the US is an example of this.
Did you know yoga was once banned in India as part of the “racist and orientalist narratives” that characterized Indian people as perverse heathens who had to conform to Western ways? The bands of yogis who resisted the ban rose up to challenge the oppressive British rule.
These days, it seems like yoga’s everywhere, and practitioners don’t have to challenge the rules of the government to reach it. It can bring up some sensitive feelings to say that non-South Asian people who do yoga are appropriating culture, because the practice benefits many people throughout the US.
Many people will say upon hearing negative feedback about instances of appropriation that it wasn’t their intent to offend, or that they had the best intentions. Damage can be done regardless of intention.
To avoid cultural appropriation and to foster cultural appreciation, we should learn about the diverse cultures that exist today. Don’t just borrow elements of a culture because “it is “cool” or “exotic,” but learn about the culture first and then decide if it is an element that makes sense for you to use in your life.
If you can gain knowledge about the culture and perhaps use the cultural element in the way that it was intended, you will be able to give voice to a culture that for years has been misrepresented by society and the media.
Make sure to always check your privilege and prioritise respect of a culture over that kimono, hanbok, or black hairstyles you’re itching to post a selfie in. Cultural wear is more than a costume, more than a fashion accessory and more than ‘expressing yourself’. There is thin line between appreciation and appropriation.
Lesser known facts : Victorian Era.
The world is pretty weird these days, but it was even weirder in the 1800s. I’m sure that in the future, there will be things that people did in 2020 that will seem weird to people of the future. Maybe paying with credit cards will seem weird because technology will be so advanced.
Here are some lesser known facts about the Victorian Era.
•The bizarre beauty standards and hacks
Standards of beauty might change from generation to generation. But Victorian beauty routines read like something out of a chemistry textbook—that will nearly kill you.
Magazines during that era offered practical beauty advice, but today we’d recognize it as being insanely dangerous.
White skin was the goal, and women achieved that by washing their faces with ammonia, then covering them with lead-based paint. And don’t think you could get away with going bare-faced at night, either, because in order to keep that fresh-faced look, the hack suggested rubbing some opium on before bed.
Watery eyes were the goal too…for some reason. To achieve that look, women could use lemon juice, perfume, or belladonna as eyedrops. The latter did, of course, cause blindness, but people have been suffering for beauty for ages.
•Food horror
When we start talking about the worst things you could find in the Victorian Era, we’re not even going to get into sanitation, aside from saying it wasn’t uncommon for bakers to knead dough using their feet, because that needs a mention. Let’s talk about the stuff they used to put into food on purpose.
Food safety and industry regulation really got its start in the Victorian era, thanks to the tendency to use potentially deadly additives. Chalk and alum were sometimes added to dough to make bread whiter, and it wasn’t unheard of to have things like pipe clay, plaster of Paris, or sawdust added to the mix.
•Beer please.
Now here’s something we can get behind: Clean, potable water was hard to come by in Victorian society. It was generally polluted and considered more dangerous to drink than nature’s other perfect liquid—beer. Whether you were sick, pregnant, or just a child, beer was generally safer to drink than water.
•Photo with the deads.
It was common in the Victorian age to have photographs of loved ones taken after they died. Families in Victorian Britain would pose with the dead, with tikes that seemed to be sleeping and young ladies who seemed to recline. This practice was especially popular with children who died. Tragically, these strange, 19th century photographs were seen as a family’s last chance to have a permanent likeness of their lost child.
As healthcare improved and life-expectancy grew, the period of death photography gradually diminished in the United Kingdom.
•Predict your lover
People in that era were incredibly superstitious. They had superstitious beliefs about just about everything that you could think of. Most of all, they had quite a few about mirrors. One of them was that if a young lady looked into the mirror on Halloween night, she would see the man she was going to marry. This sounds pretty silly to people in the modern age, but at the time, this was a huge thing!
Divination games in general were popular in the Victorian Era because people were starting to believe more and more in spirits. So, they used those spirits to tell them things about their lives. And because Halloween is supposed to be the night when the barrier between the living and the dead is the weakest, Victorian women would use it to their advantage and head to a mirror to see if their true love would be reflected back at them.
Rape Is Violation Of Victim’s Fundamental Right Under Article 21
It is remarkable, refreshing and reassuring to learn that just recently on 31 August 2020, the Gauhati High Court in a latest and laudable judgment titled Nasiruddin Ali vs The State of Assam and Anr. Represented by P.P. in Case No. Crl.A. 227/2016 has laid down in no uncertain terms that rape is a violation of victim’s fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution. Mrs Justice Rumi Kumari Phukan of Gauhati High Court who authored this noteworthy judgment minced no words to say in simple, straight and strict language that rape tantamount to a serious blow to the supreme honour of a woman and is a crime against the entire society as well! Very rightly so!
To start with, the ball is set rolling in para 2 of this notable judgment wherein it is observed that, “Present appeal is directed against the judgment and order dated 12.07.2016, passed by the learned Assistant Sessions Judge, Tinsukia, in Sessions Case No. 64(M)/2011, whereby the accused/appellant has been convicted under Section 376 of the IPC and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of 9 (nine) years and to pay fine of Rs. 1,000/-, in default further imprisonment for three month.”
While dwelling on the facts of the case, it is then stated in para 3 that, “The prosecution case in nutshell is that on the night of 26.11.09 at about 10:00 P.M., while the victim was on her way to home on foot from Digboi Chariali market and arrived near Digboi club, one Muslim man having beard forcefully took her to the bathroom of nearby swimming pool and committed rape upon her. On receiving the verbal information from the victim on the following day i.e. on 27.11.2009, at 11.45 A.M., the Digboi Police Station GD Entry No. 1014, dated 27.11.2009 was made and the victim was sent to the hospital for medical examination. ASI Sashi Thakuli, who was entrusted with the investigation of the case by the Officer-in-charge, Digboi P.S., visited the place of occurrence and prepared the sketch map and also recorded the statement of the witnesses. On 27.11.09 itself, as shown by the victim, the accused was apprehended and brought to the police station. The formal ejahar was lodged by the victim on the same day at about 5.30 P.M. and accordingly Digboi P.S. Case No. 264/09, under Section 376 of the IPC was registered. The statement of the victim was recorded under Section 164 of the CrPC and the accused was arrested and forwarded to Court. The medical report of the victim was collected and after completion of the investigation, the charge sheet was filed against the accused/appellant under Section 376 of the IPC.”
To put things in perspective, it is then pointed out in para 28 that, “In his statement under Section 313 CrPC, the accused appellant has given the same statement as he has given in his evidence as DW-1. Thus, the plea of the accused appellant is relevant in the present case, inasmuch, as he has admitted his presence at the time of occurrence at such odd hours of night. In Answer to the Question No. 4 under Section 313 CrPC, he stated as follows:-
“At the time of occurrence, I was doing night duty at Digboi club. At night, security personnel came on patrolling duty twice. I saw one Sanjay Upadhyay entered into the tennis Court along with a girl. I ran to the place along with chowkidar of the garden, Basu ray and one Gogoi and said Sanjay Upadhyay and the girl was caught hold. Sanjay Upadhyay worked in the Digboi Club and I asked Sanjay as to why he had brought girl to the Club and as I rebuked them, both the girl and Sanjay went away. On the very next day, said girl came to my house and asked for my identity card and otherwise, she will lodge case against me. I will examine Vasu Ray as defence witness.””
While punching holes in the accused’s version, it is then pointed out in para 29 that, “Since the accused person has taken a specific plea as stated above, the burden shifts to him to prove such plea. But as discussed above, prosecution has been able to prove that on the fateful day, the accused has committed the offence of rape upon the victim in the said vicinity whereas, the accused has totally failed to prove his plea taken during the course of the trial. He did not produce the other chowkidar, Basu Ray in support of his plea, whereas, evidence of PW-2, who also happened to be present at the time of occurrence has belied the story projected by the accused. Further, his statement also supported the contention of the victim girl that she went to the house of the accused to complain to his wife and thus, the testimony of the victim is found to be an authentic one.”
Be it noted, para 30 then illustrates the nitty-gritty of this leading case by stating that, “Although the victim has reported the matter to so many other persons of the Digboi Club, but those were not examined by the IO, but same cannot be a ground to discard the prosecution case, as evidence of the prosecutrix is supported by other evidence and facts and the circumstances of the case. On closer scrutiny of the entirety of the matter, there appears nothing on the part of the prosecutrix for false indication of the accused person, there being no earlier acquaintance nor any enmity between the duo. Each and every aspect, she narrated, has been supported by the witnesses, but yes, there is no eye-witness to the occurrence and having regard to the isolated place of occurrence, odd hours of night and having no immediate residence nearby, non-having of eye witness/independent witness is natural. The victim has withstand the lengthy cross-examination without any vital contradiction to raise suspicion. Only the fact remains that the victim girl in her statement under Section 164 CrPC after raising all the allegations, has also said one line that for the interest of the family of the accused, she is not interested to proceed with the case. The victim, in course of trial, has also admitted about saying so, but he also boldly denied that because of falsity of allegation, she did not want to proceed with the case. She might have made such statement under pressure being a young girl of 20 years. However it cannot lose sight that the victim pursued the case till conclusion of the trial and her statement remained consistent all through. Some minor omission regarding the time of occurrence 09:30/10:00 pm and that she did not mention in the FIR about working on wages in IOC Hospital, that the FIR did not disclose all details above, are of little consequence and not destructive of genesis of the case. The evidence of prosecutrix in the given facts and circumstances give no room for any doubt and her evidence is akin to the “sterling witness” as she has qualified the test of “sterling witness” as has been held in the decisions referred above. The victim, herein is a poor girl and earns her livelihood as a daily wage earner and there appears no any occasion for false implication of the accused person. Non-seizure of wearing apparels of the victim for tending to FSL, is a lapse on the part of the Investigating Officer. On the other hand, the victim was examined after 2 years of the occurrence and some omission in her testimony that Police took her cloth is not found fatal.”
Interestingly enough, it is then pointed out in para 31 that, “So far as regards the non-finding of injury upon the victim, as per the medical evidence, it is to be noted that injury is not a sine qua non for deciding whether rape has been committed or not. It has to be decided on the factual matrix of each case. The Hon’ble Apex Court in (2013) 11 SCC 688, Radhakrishna Nagesh Vs State of Andhra Pradesh, it has been held that penetration itself proves offence of rape, but contrary is not true, i.e., even if there is no penetration, it does not necessarily mean that there is no rape. The Hon’ble Apex Court further held that absence of injuries would justify any adverse inference against prosecution. In (2014) 13 SCC 574; Krishan Vs State of Haryana, it was also held by the Hon’ble Apex Court that it is not expected that every rape victim should have injuries on her body to prove her case.”
More significantly, it is then envisaged in para 32 that, “In the present case, the conduct of victim is noteworthy, who immediately after the occurrence, reported the matter to the nearby people, to the Police, to the authority of the Digboi Club and the GD Entry and FIR was made on the next day of the occurrence without any delay and there is no material variation in her version. As the FIR was written by some other person, not by the prosecutrix herself, different mentioning of time etc. is not fatal as it does not go to the root of the case. There being no any other adverse circumstances, solitary version of the prosecutrix can be accepted as a true version of the occurrence, which is fully supported by the other evidence on record, coupled with the defence version. The prosecutrix has been able to prove the charge under Section 376 of the IPC, beyond the reasonable doubt and the learned trial Court has appreciated all relevant aspects.”
Most significantly, it is then remarkably and rightly held in para 33 that, “The chastity of a woman ruined as soon as such offence is committed, while in a civilized society, respect or reputation is a basic right. No member of society can afford to conceive the idea that he can create a hollow in the honour of a woman. Such thinking is not only lamentable but also deplorable. Youthful excitement and an attempt for momentary pleasure on the part of a person upon a woman, had a devastating effect in the entire body and mind of the victim. It is to be kept in mind that such offence lowers the dignity of a woman and mars her reputation. The Courts are sensitized that rape is a violation of victim’s fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution and rape victim is placed on a higher pedestal than an injured witness. Being the most hatred crime, rape tantamount to a serious blow to the supreme honour of a woman and is a crime against the entire society as well.”
Finally, it is then held in the last relevant para 34 that, “For the reasons and the discussions above, this Court is of considered view that the order of conviction is liable to be sustained and calls for no interference. However considering the fact that the accused person have family with five children and behind the bar since the date of conviction, when maintaining the conviction he is sentenced to statutory minimum period of conviction of seven years and the sentence remains the same. The period of detention already undergone shall be set off.”
To sum up, the crux of this ruling is that rape is the most heinous crime and it really tantamount to a serious blow to the supreme honour of a woman and is a crime against the entire society as well. How can any civilized society justify it on any pretext whatsoever? Rape cannot be justified under any circumstances and those who commit it must be prepared to face the music of law as it cannot be condoned under any circumstances!
Needless to say that, “A rape is a rape”! There should be certainly no minimum punishment for it as those who commit it deserve no mercy under any circumstances! Under no circumstances should a rapist be allowed to somehow escape the strictest punishment as laid down under our law! There can be certainly no denying it!
Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,
s/o Col BPS Sirohi,
A 82, Defence Enclave,
Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,
Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh
Apples are…..poisonous??
We’ve all heard the tale of The Snowhite and the seven dwarfs, and the famous scene when the cruel queen poisons Snowhite with an apple. We say that it is a tale and nothing real, but is it…??
Source: Pexels
Now you might have been ridiculed by this statement but no worries! According to healthline, apples are nutritious, can be good for weight loss, for your heart, have compounds that help in fighting with asthma antand has antioxidant properties etc. So, we’re good. But is it the apples that are poisonous…nope. The poison we are talking about resides in the seeds and the core of the apples….
- Apple seeds
These fruits come from the family of Rosaceae . They include namely apricots, cherries etc. They contain a compound called amygdalin, which releases a gas when in contact with human digestive enzymes.
Suppose, you ate an apple, maybe you were in hurry and ate the core of apple as well. Well now the seeds are maybe chewed by you or directly swallowed. But the problem is, it doesn’t matter if you chew or swallow it, the second it comes in the contact with the digestive enzymes, in your stomach, amygdalin will start releasing the cyanide gas.
Source: Pinterest
- Cyanide poisoning
The amygdalin , which has now come into contact with the enzymes, will start releasing hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Now, you don’t mess with HCN because this gas is extremely poisonous. Infact, it is known to be one of the deadliest poisons ever existed. Cyanides made used in warfare and during mass suicide. Cyanide is present in many compounds and also occur naturally for eg. seeds. The seeds, not any seeds, but the seeds from Rosaceae family, release the HCN gas as mentioned above.Now, what makes this gas so dangerous and lethal, particularly to humans? Well, cyanide, once into your bloodstream, prevent the cells from the usage of oxygen.As a result, the cells affected die. Cyanide is A cell is a basic unit of life, as the textbooks say, without it, life would not be possible for we, multicellular creatures. And living like an amoeba seems inconvenient, doesn’t it?
Cyanide is fatal for our vital organs, the heart and the brain.Cyanide is also present in the cigerrates smoke, which makes it lethal, constant breathing theses smokes lead towards cancer. ( We are not telling that eating apple seeds will cause cancer, that’s a typical Google answer- No! The information given is purely on constant intake or breathing of cyanide)Cyanide is also used in the combustion of synthetic materials like plastic. There are many industrial uses of cyanide in various forms, one can only say that eating it would not be a good idea now, would it?
One advantage which we get is the swallowing the cyanide is less toxic than actually breathing it.
If all this does not give you goosebumps then damn! You hardcore!
Source: Pinterest
•Research
According to the centres of Disease control and Prevention, only about 1-2 mg/kg is enough to be called fatal. So an average apple contains about 5 seeds, and daily consumption in prescribed as unhealthy.But this varies from person to person according to the health of a person. So, for death, about 200 apples would be needed.
Okay, but if the apple seeds are fatal…..what about apple seed oil? Or Apple juice?They are used widely, are they not poisonous?
The answer is that your body is strong enough to uphold small amounts of cyanide. A small amount of this compound is easily detoxified by the smart system of your body. So it’s alright if you accidentally gulp down a seed!
The problem arises when you do this on daily basis. That’s when the real thing happens.Same is for the case of apple juice, they usually contain very small amounts of cyanide often detoxified by the body. But as a precaution, checking the quantity of cyanide is recommended.
- Mode of cyanide poisoning
- Inhalation,through cigeratte smokes etc.
- Cyanide gas absorbed by the skin.
- Swallowing cyanide through the medium of amygdalin the seeds.
•History
In olden times, their was a woman who was fed up by her husband. Maybe due to constant abuse and intoxication (not specifically identified through the source)
So she devised a plan to kill her husband. Everyday she would grind apple seeds and mix them with milk and give it to her husband to drink. Now apple seeds are a very sneaky things. They usually smell like bitter almonds to some people as smelling it is purely genetic and usually limited only to some people.So, even if the husband did smell the milk, he might have just knocked the thought thinking it to be almonds. And the husband, eventually died. The later part is not available but I am sure she would have felt a tiny bit guilty because death through cyanide poisoning is horrible.
- Symptoms
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomitting
- Rapid breathing and rapid heart rate
- Restlessness and Weakness
Now ,if you notice these Symptoms, it may not necessarily be cyanide poisoning so calm down!
But a visit to the doctor is advisable and important
- Treatments
Now, after introducing you to this possibility, it is only fair, if the solution is given.There are not many treatments, but it can be cure through some supplements and antidotes. Supportive medical care can be convenient because the symptoms can show up at any point of time. For further information, one can contact
Email id: cdcinfo@cdc.gov
Cyanide poisoning is not a great thing to go through with, but with caution to not eat apple or any seeds from the Rosaceae familiy or inhaling this gas. But in this complicated world, there are literally a million and more brutal ways death can occur, cyanide poisoning can atleast be identified!
Reference
healthiness.com
cdc
AD CHOICES AND HOW DOES IT AFFECT ADVERTISERS AND CONSUMERS
Ad choices basically give information to the consumer or the viewer that where his or her data was used, which company used their data based on their likes, for example like whatever product they search on their web, then the advertisements related to it started showing them on different websites. Its very small icon which we mostly see on the right corner of our phone screen so when we click on the icon we find out the information which is given there like which company used your web browser information and many other options whatever option you prefer you can easily take it if you don’t want to see those advertisement then there is an option opt out you can easily prefer it and that particular company stop taking your information and show less relevant advertisements. Origin of ad choices basically started from FTC when they started doing research to know about those companies which used consumer data for their advertising purpose so basically they concern about people’s data or the advertisers so its implemented for controlling consumers privacy so the control should be in the hands of consumer or viewer that what they allow and what kind of advertisement they wanted on their
- How to Shortlist CBSE Schools in Bangalore: A Step-by-Step Parent Framework
- The Rise of AI-Driven Creative Tools and Why PixVerse AI Is Worth Watching
- PhD, Postdoc & Academic Careers at the University of Bergen, Norway
- How Certification Practice Platforms Help Learners Prepare for Professional Exams
- Chicken Road: Mapping the Shared Digital Destiny of the Indian Mobile User
screens the user easily saw it and use it most of the people don’t know about it they should know these kinds of platform so this article help them to know all about the ad choices the name suggests all the things. There are also some kind of problems usually faced by viewers or user that they don’t notice it because of its smallest size so this is an also the biggest reason for not knowing it .so because of this many problems get solved, like the advertisers who advertise their products get information of only those viewers who opt in for that, so it basically targeted only those. It also helps the viewer or user to see more advertisements of products similar to it, so in the future it will help them to take that particular product, or maybe according to their interest they will purchase it immediately, so this helps the viewer as well as the advertiser
How does it affect advertisers
So basically it helps the advertisers to build trust among consumers like which company uses their data and where so the consumer know everything about it and they will take decision based on it what they allow and also transparency like nothing is hide with them so they can easily trust a particular company and saw their ads and the result of that they may buy their products and ifthey like it they prefer to others so here there is huge profit to an advertisers and the company and also if they particularly saw ads for example any company a new company comes in a market with new product then the company want to advertise their product so less number of people are aware about it so they started using their advertisements so on digital platforms then after watching their advertisements more people will know about it and they remember their brand name so it will help the company. For the better and building trust is important. It will also help the advertisers to show those products only in which the person is interested so it increases the chances of their sales for example if you like beauty products like fair and lovely cream which is used for lighting skin tone you buy it and search it on your web then advertisement related to it started showing on your screen so that may be you influenced by it and but that product so these are the some examples how advertisers get profit by using ad choices it only done if the user don’t off it .for any advertiser it’s
important to gain people trust as much as possible.
How does it affect consumer.
it affect the consumer, as I said, the companies take their web browsing activity and show them advertisements which according to their likes, so that it’s very much important for consumers to know their things, then only they will take a decision. it always helps the consumers privacy. If we talk about how it helps the consumers, then basically it will help them to cut those companies from the list which they don’t think are relevant for the consumers will see different advertisements, so they get to know about more products and their speciality, so if they want to take that particular product or in future they need, something which fulfil their needs then they think about that product and buy it so it will also help the consumers in different ways.
Ad choices help advertisers as well as consumers if another time you see that icon in your phone then click on it so that you know what companies know about you and it’s important for you to know about them.
Internet for aspiring engineers
Engineering is being one of the most popular courses since few decades, especially in India. But, the idea of exactly what a engineer is ?.. lacking among most of us. That’s ok, not a problem…..because our’s is a nation, where most of the people recently got being aware about education. So, it takes sometime to build strong educational infrastructure and awareness among us. This process, can be done faster only when all of us actively take up initiatives on our own, which indirectly affects the whole nation’s growth.
Internet been a great game changer, without which the technology evolution would be infinitesimally small. Do you know, India is providing internet at very cheap price than any other countries in the world. So,we are really lucky to have easy access to such powerful resource. So, i will get started to atleast introduce you with one interesting thing and you will start using it, when necessary.
Engineering definitely demands creativity and also knowledge. There are humongous amount of resources available, but sometimes only few delivers the best content and meets our requirements. I just want to give you a few names of websites to find about your academics. But, engineers should also have sound knowledge of basics, mostly of class 11 and class 12, through only helps us to understand further concepts. Toppr is one the best website provides you with free content,in a creative way. Embibe, will be a best source for solving questions and provide you with analytical reports and schedules. Vedantu,byjus,unacademy,askiitians,brilliant.org are the other few that provides various articles on individual topics.
Now, to getting onto the engineering academics, there are no specific websites that fulfills all of your interest, because various colleges design curriculum in their own way. But, The knowledge we learn always gives us an extra edge over others. It is always necessary to follow up the trends of education and industrial requirements. so, we have to follow some premium resources, and for us it’s better to refer the websites and social pages of iits,nits and government organisations. They always be helpful to measure our position nationally.
khan academy, edx, coursera, futurelearn, cisco will be some best resources to learn courses for free, but can obtain certificate by paying some money after completion of your course. Nptel is one of the best resource available to all, and also can value your learning by getting certificate at very reasonable pay, after giving a test.
here comes up with good youtube channels…iisc banglore, 3blue1brown,crashcourse, Neso academy, Tutorial point, mathsindepth, allaboutelectronics, letslearn,math-u- see, nptel, gradeup, seeker, IMA video, quanta magazine are few channels.
And there were few channels that able to improve your lifestyle, and are mike boyd, wall street journal, quint, mind your decisions, mind valley, momspresso, tedx, fightthenewdrug,cs dojo, kodegod,timelabpro, fearless soul, phlearn and many more.
There is always many more to explore in your own style, but every resource above directs towards various perspectives. pdfdrive, internet archive, z-library for books and for basic programming w3schools, tutorialpoint,javatpoint,sololearn, programiz, begineersbook.com and others.
PLASMA-donate plasma
We all know that the graph of corona victims is growing day by day enormously; we come across several tweets, posts which contain so and so celebrity or politician had become a corona victim and t would donate plasma once they get recovered. We have heard many times about plasma donation. But why everyone is tending to donate plasma? What is the use of plasma? Who needs plasma? What does plasma contain? Some of us may know answers of all these but many of us don’t.
In this article we are going to know everything about PLASMA.
WHAT IS PLASMA?
Plasma is a part of blood. While white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets are important to body function plasma also plays a key role. Plasma is a yellow colored liquid. The main function of plasma is to take proteins, nutrients and hormones to other body parts that need them. Some of our body cells put their waste products into plasma and finally plasma helps removes that waste from our body.
Plasma also helps in maintain blood pressure and volume, carries electrolytes such as sodium and potassium to our muscles. It also helps to maintain a proper pH balance in the body.
What does plasma contain?
Plasma is mostly water (90%) and contains dissolved proteins up to 8% such as albumins, globulins and contains glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes, hormones, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. Plasma contains all the antibodies that one should have in their body to lead a healthy life, to fight against all kind of diseases.
Who needs plasma?
Plasma is commonly given to trauma, burn and shock patients, as well as people with severe liver disease or multiple clotting factor deficiencies .it helps boost the patient’s blood volume, which can prevent shock, and helps with blood clotting. Many companies use plasma to make treatments for conditions such as immune deficiencies and bleeding disorders.
Currently many of the corona victims have their immune system week and do not have many antibodies to fight against COVID. So plasma donation is very important now which can boost others immune system and indirectly helps spreading corona. Most of us have a fear that donating plasma may reduce antibodies in our body, but there is nothing like that. In our body plasma generation takes place for every one day. So we can donate plasma without any fear.
Who can donate plasma?
We have universal blood group i.e. O-Positive, this means the people with this blood type can donate their blood to anyone of any blood type. In the same way we have universal plasma donors. The people with AB type blood are considered as universal plasma donors. They can give plasma to patient of any blood type. So the immediate plasma transfusion can be done without any time lapse for patients.
This concept plays a vital role in treating trauma, shock patients who require immediate treatment.
Donating plasma
To donate plasma, blood is drawn from your body and is made flow through a machine which separates and collects plasma. The other blood cells such as red blood cells are returned to your body mixed with saline to replace the withdrawn plasma.
Donating plasma is mostly a safe process, but side effects do exist. Donating plasma can cause minor side effects like dehydration and fatigue.
Dehydration is because, plasma contains lots of water. So people may feel dehydrated after donating plasma.
As plasma contains nutrients, salts losing some of these can lead to fatigues. This is another small side effect of plasma donation. Also the nutrients and salts are important In keeping the body alert and maintain proper function. Losing some of these may lead to en electrolyte imbalance. This can result in dizziness and lightheadedness.
To avoid all these you have to take some proper measurements before you decide to donate plasma:
- Know yourself how many times and period between each time you donate Plasma
You can donate plasma once in 28 days up to 13 times a year. The process of Plasma donation can take one or two hours.
- Hydrate yourself before you donate
Take non-alcoholic fluids, drink lots of water and keep yourself more hydrated before you donate. This can help prevent some of the minor side effects due to plasma donation.
Eduindex News 
You must be logged in to post a comment.