♦ The Monsoon Trough lies to the north of its normal position. Western end of the Monsoon Trough is likely to remain close to foothills of Himalayas during next 5 days and the eastern end is likely to shift southwards from 19th September onwards.♦ An east-west shear zone runs roughly along Latitude 15°N between 3.6 & 5.8 km above mean sea level. It is likely to persist during next 2 days and weaken thereafter.♦ Due to the above favourable meteorological conditions, Fairly widespread to widespread rainfall with isolated heavy falls very likely over Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Madhya Maharashtra, Marathwada, Coastal & North Interior Karnataka and Kerala &Mahe during next 3days.♦ Under the influence of likely formation of a Low Pressure Area over Northeast Bay of Bengal and consequent strengthening of lower level winds along the West Coast; Fairly widespread to widespread rainfall with Isolated heavy to very heavy falls are likely over Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Odisha, Coastal & South Interior Karnataka and Kerala during 19th-20th September,2020.♦Moderate thunderstorm with lightning very likely at isolated places over Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam & Meghalaya, Madhya Maharashtra, Marathwada, Coastal Andhra Pradesh &Yanam, Odisha, Telangana, Kutch region, Southeast & Northwest Uttar Pradesh, South Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh during next 12 hours.

Weather Warning during next 5 days *

16 September (Day 1):♦ Heavy to very heavy rainfall with extremely heavy falls very likely at isolated places over Assam & Meghalaya; heavy to very heavy rainfall at isolated places over Sub-Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim, Marathwada, Telangana and heavy rainfall at isolated places over West Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, Bihar, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Madhya Maharashtra, Konkan & Goa, Coastal Andhra Pradesh &Yanam, Rayalaseema, Coastal & North Interior Karnataka, Kerala &Mahe and Tamilnadu, Puducherry &Karaikal.

♦ Thunderstorm accompanied with lightning at isolated places over Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, Bihar, West Bengal & Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam & Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram & Tripura, Madhya Maharashtra, Marathwada, Kutch & South Gujarat Region, North Jharkhand, South Interior Odisha, Northwest & Southeast Uttar Pradesh, Southeast Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Coastal Andhra Pradesh &Yanam, Telangana and Rayalaseema.

♦ Strong Wind (speed reaching 45-55 kmph) very likely over Southwest Arabian Sea. Fishermen are advised not to venture into these areas.

17 September (Day 2):♦ Heavy rainfall at isolated places over West Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, Bihar, Sub-Himalayan West Bengal    & Sikkim, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Assam & Meghalaya, Madhya Maharashtra, Marathwada, Konkan & Goa, Coastal Andhra Pradesh &Yanam, Telangana, Coastal & North Interior Karnataka and Kerala &Mahe.

♦ Thunderstorm accompanied with lightning at isolated places over Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Gangetic West Bengal, Assam & Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram & Tripura, Coastal Andhra Pradesh &Yanam, Telangana and Rayalaseema.

♦ Strong Wind (speed reaching 45-55 kmph) very likely over Southwest Arabian Sea. Fishermen are advised not to venture into these areas.

18 September (Day 3):♦ Heavy to very heavy rainfall likely at isolated places over Coastal Karnataka and heavy rainfall at isolated places over southeast Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Nagaland, Madhya Maharashtra, Marathwada, Konkan & Goa, Coastal Andhra Pradesh &Yanam, Telangana, Interior Karnataka and Kerala &Mahe.

♦Thundersquall (speed 50-60 kmph) accompanied with lightning very likely at isolated places over Andaman & Nicobar Islands; moderate thunderstorm accompanied with lightning likely at isolated places over southeast Rajasthan and thunderstorm  accompanied with lightning at isolated places over Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram & Tripura, Coastal Andhra Pradesh &Yanam, Telangana andRayalaseema.

♦ Strong Wind (speed reaching 45-55 kmph) likely over Southwest Arabian Sea and along & off Kerala-Karnataka coasts and Lakshadweep area; Gulf of Mannar and Southwest Bay of Bengal, Southeast & adjoining Eastcentral Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea.Fishermen are advised not to venture into these areas.

19 September (Day 4):♦ Heavy to very heavy rainfall likely at isolated places over Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Coastal & South Interior Karnataka and Kerala &Mahe and heavy rainfall at isolated places over southeast Rajasthan, Odisha, Madhya Maharashtra, Konkan & Goa, Coastal Andhra Pradesh &Yanam, Telangana, North Interior Karnataka and Tamilnadu, Puducherry &Karaikal.

♦ Thundersquall (speed 50-60 kmph) accompanied with lightning very likely at isolated places over Andaman & Nicobar Islands; moderate thunderstorm accompanied with lightning likely at isolated places over East Uttar Pradesh and southeast Rajasthan and thunderstorm accompanied with lightning at isolated places over West Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Coastal Andhra Pradesh &Yanam, Telangana, Rayalaseema and Tamilnadu, Puducherry &Karaikal.

♦ Strong Wind (speed reaching 45-55 kmph) likely over Southwest Arabian Sea and along & off Kerala-Karnataka coasts and Lakshadweep area; Gulf of Mannar and Southwest Bay of Bengal, Southeast &Eastcentral Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea.Fishermen are advised not to venture into theseareas.

20 September (Day 5):♦ Heavy to very heavy rainfall likely at isolated places over Odisha, Coastal & South Interior Karnataka and Kerala &Mahe and heavy rainfall at isolated places over south Chhattisgarh, Gangetic West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Madhya Maharashtra, Konkan & Goa, Coastal Andhra Pradesh &Yanam, Telangana and North Interior Karnataka.

♦Thundersquall (speed 50-60 kmph) accompanied with lightning very likely at isolated places over Andaman & Nicobar Islands; moderate thunderstorm accompanied with lightning likely at isolated places over East Uttar Pradesh and southeast Rajasthan and thunderstorm accompanied with lightning at isolated places over West Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Gangetic West Bengal, Coastal Andhra Pradesh &Yanam, Telangana, Rayalaseema and Tamilnadu, Puducherry &Karaikal.

♦ Strong Wind (speed reaching 45-55 kmph) likely over Southwest Arabian Sea and along & off Kerala-Karnataka coasts and Lakshadweep area; Gulf of Mannar and Southwest Bay of Bengal, Northeast, Southeast &Eastcentral Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea.Fishermen are advised not to venture into these areas

Ministry of Education organised a National Webinar on Creating Awareness about National Education Policy, 2020 through NSS, NCC, NYKS and Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (UBA) Volunteers under Shikshak Parv Initiative today . Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh was the chief guest at the webinar. Union Education Minister Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ ; Minister of State for Youth Affairs & Sports (Independent Charge) Shri Kiren Rijiju; Minister of State for Education, Shri Sanjay Dhotre were present on the occasion. Secretary, Defence Ministry; Shri Ajay Kumar; Secretary, Higher Education Shri Amit Khare; Secretary, School Education & Literacy, Smt Anita Karwal; Secretary, Youth Affairs and Sports, Smt Usha Sharma, Chairman, University Grants Commission, Prof.  D.P Singh, Vice Chancellor of various Universities also participated in the event. Volunteers of National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS), Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathanand Unnat Bharat Abhiyan from all over the country also joined through virtual medium.

Addressing the participants Raksha Mantri said that New Education Policy is the first policy in Indian history, in which a multi-pronged and multi-stakeholder consultative process was undertaken which included online, grassroots and national level deliberations. At the grassroots level, consultations spanned across Gram Panchayats, Blocks, Urban Local Bodies, Districts and States/Union Territories. He added that NEP is prepared keeping in mind more than 2 lakh suggestions given by teachers, academicians, parents and other stakeholders relating to education. This policy suggests many revolutionary changes in school and higher education leading to the holistic development of students. The National Education Policy will fulfill the vision of Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, to create a ‘self-reliant India’, he said.

Raksha Mantri informed that this policy also has a provision to encourage state governments to start NCC wing in their middle and high schools. He further informed that in higher education, the Multiple Entry and Exit scheme will benefit those youth, who have to leave the education midway. This step will prove to be of great benefit to the soldiers of our armed forces who are interested in studying, besides serving the country. He further informed that to increase the resource pool, local eminent persons or experts in the school will be encouraged to be kept as ‘special trainers’.In this, retired teachers and officers of the army will be able to contribute to the nation building by providing services in nearby schools.

Raksha Mantri quoted a famous saying that if you want to improve generations, then you should invest in education. He further said India is one of the youngest countries in the world and youth are our strength in achieving bigger milestones in nation development. He hoped that this event will prove to be an important link in bringing awareness among the youths of the country to contemporary issues.He said that with the support of youths, the entire education system will be more efficient.

The National Education Policy 2020 is the culmination of positive thinking and sustained efforts for making India a ‘knowledge power’, Shri Pokhriyal said. NEP is not merely a policy document, but a reflection of the aspirations of thepeople of India.  This policy is comprehensive and far-sighted and will play a great role in facilitating the progress of the nation in future, he added.

Shri Pokhriyal said that National Education Policy 2020 calls for a positive change in the current education system and redress of challenges of the future. NEP ensures equal access to quality education to all students with special emphasis on socially and economically disadvantaged sections, he added. 

Shri Pokhriyal highlighted that the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports has a superpower of self-motivated youth of India associated with various youth programs.Youth,as an NEP ambassadors can contribute significantly in creating awareness of the National Education Policy 2020 at grassroots level. He expressed his happiness for the webinar organized under the joint aegis of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports for the successful implementation of education policy.He hoped that volunteers from NYKS, NSS, NCC and coordinators of Unnat Bharat Abhiyan will play crucial role in the successful implementation of this education policy designed in accordance with the aspirations of young India.

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Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi has expressed grief over the loss of lives due to capsizing of a boat in Kota, Rajasthan.

In a tweet, the Prime Minister said, 

“Anguished by the capsizing of a boat in Kota, Rajasthan. My thoughts are with those who have lost their near and dear ones.”

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Shri R.K. Singh, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) (Power and New & Renewable Energy) & Minister of State (Skill Development and Entrepreneurship) dedicated various projects implemented under CSR activities of NHPC and PFC in Shahpur and Bihiya block of Bhojpur district through video conferencing on 16.09.2020. Shri A.K. Singh, CMD, NHPC, Shri Ratish Kumar, Director (Projects), NHPC, Shri R.K. Murahari, Executive Director, PFC, local representatives, officers from administration and other officials attended the programme.

Shri R.K. Singh, Hon’ble Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) (Power and New & Renewable Energy) & Minister of State (Skill Development and Entrepreneurship), Shri A.K. Singh, CMD, NHPC, Shri Ratish Kumar, Director (Projects), NHPC and Shri R.K. Murahari, Executive Director, PFC during the dedication of various projects of NHPC and PFC under CSR activities through video conference on 16.09.2020

A total of 33 projects in Shahpur block and 39 projects in Bihayi block were dedicated during the programme. These projects in both the blocks include works as construction of PCC road at 55 locations, community building and chabutras at 3 locations, solar / LED / high mast lights at 7 locations, construction of open gym at 2 locations, construction of drainage system at 2 locations, Chhath Ghat at 1 location and library and community building at 2 locations.  The total cost of all these projects is about Rs 9 crore.

Speaking on the occasion, Union Minister of State for Power (Independent Charge) said that NHPC is the largest hydro power company in the country and PFC is the largest financial companies in India in the field of power. He referred to Rural roads works executed by NHPC in six districts of Bihar and also Rural electrification works executed in six districts of Bihar. He further said that PFC is playing important role in development of the country by providing loans of thousands of crore rupees to various power companies. He also said that both these companies operate throughout the country and are capable of competing with any foreign company due to their capability, quality of work and timeliness. While, speaking about the achievements in the power sector in the country, he said that in the last few years, we have increased the installed capacity of the country by 1.25 lakh MW and have fulfilled the dream of one nation-one grid-one frequency connecting remote areas like Leh-Ladakh to the grid. Today electricity has reached every village and every house in the country and India has been praised all over the world for such large scale electrification in such a short period.

Addressing during the programme, Shri A.K. Singh, CMD, NHPC said that these public utility projects are a result of the visionary thinking of Hon’ble Minister. He said that that all these projects have been completed in these two blocks at a cost of about Rs 9 crore. On this occasion, Shri Singh especially thanked the local public and administration in particular and said that it would be difficult to complete this work without their cooperation. He further assured that NHPC will continue to do such socially beneficial works in the future.

Earlier, Shri Ratish Kumar, Director (Projects), NHPC welcomed all the dignitaries in the beginning of the programme. Shri R. Murahari, Executive Director (CSR) PFC, presented the vote of thanks at the end of the programme.

The Environment Ministerial Meeting (EMM) of the G20 countries took place today through video conferencing under the Presidency of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Representing India, Union Environment, Climate Change and Forest Minister Shri Prakash Javadekar said, India has taken significant steps to protect environment and forest and wildlife as well as combating pollution and climate change.

Shri Javadekar said, India is committed to work with G20 nations for a better world. He said, India is blessed with vast bio-diversity and ecosystem. The Minister said, India has been taking measures to enhance coral reef conservation. He noted that India’s steps towards dealing with climate change have been remarkable and stated that the world has to channel its best practices to deal with climate change and to get concrete results.

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The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act or Black Act, was a legislative council act passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi on 18 March 1919, indefinitely extending the emergency steps of preventive indefinite detention, imprisonment without trial and judicial review introduced in the Protection of India Act 1915 during the First World War. It was enacted in light of a perceived threat from revolutionary nationalists to organisations of re-engaging in similar conspiracies as during the war which the Government felt the lapse of the Defence of India Act would allow.

It was the Rowlatt Act which led Gandhi into the Indian independence struggle and into Indian politics in the Gandhi period.

The British administration passed the Rowlatt Act , which gave the police power without any excuse to prosecute anybody. The Act aimed at curbing the country ‘s rising nationalist turmoil. Gandhi called on the people to combat the oppressive “act” of Satyagraha.

According to the recommendations of the Rowlatt Committee and named after its Chairman, UK Judge Sir Sidney Rowlat, this act effectively allowed the government to prison for up to two years, and gave imperial authorities the power to deal with all revolutionary activities, any alleged terrorists residing in British India.

The controversial law allowed for tighter press control, arrests without warrant, prolonged incarceration without trial and without a jury in camera hearings for forbidden political activities. The defendants were refused the right to know the defendants and proofs used in the trials. Those convicted had to deposit securities upon release and had to take part in all political , educational or religious activities prohibited. Two bills were presented in the central legislative term in February 1919, on the recommendation of the commission, headed by Justice Rowlatt. The bills were labelled “black bills.” They gave the police massive powers to search for a place and arrest any person without warrant they disapproved of. The Rowlatt Act was enacted in March 1919, amid a great deal of opposition. The act was intended to rein in the country ‘s increasing nationalist rise.

Mahatma Gandhi was very critical of the Act among other Indian leaders and claimed that not all should be prosecuted for isolated political crimes. The Imperial legislature resigned, in protest against the act, from Ms Mohan Malaviya and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, a member of the All-Indian Muslim League. The law was also angered by the government’s persecution of many other Indian leaders and the general public. Gandhi and others found the step to be fruitless, and a hartal took place on 6 April. This was an incident where Indians were suspending companies and went on strike and were provided against the law easily, praying and holding public meetings in response to the “Black Act.” Mahatma Gandhi was bathing in Mumbai at the sea and speaking before a temple procession. The case was part of the campaign for non-cooperation.

But Delhi’s hartal ‘s performance on 30 March was overshadowed by high tensions leading to riots in Punjab and elsewhere. Gandhi suspended resistance because he had determined that the Indians were not ready for the idea of nonviolence.

On 20 March 1919, the Rowlatt Act came into force. On 10 April two of its founders, Dr Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, were arrested and secretly taken to Dharamsala. In Punjab the protest movement was very strong.

On 13 April, people from nearby villages met for Baisakhi Day and protested against two major Indian leaders’ deportation in Amritsar, leading to the notorious 1919 massacre of Jallianwala Bagh.

In March of 1922, the government of India approved the report of the Oppressive Laws Committee and abrogated the Rowlatt Act, the Press Act and 22 other laws.

Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in 1991 and first released in 1995. Its development was led by the “Green Team”, managed by the flagship programmer James Gosling. In the beginning was to be called “Oak”, and there are many theories of why this name, being the most accepted the fact that there was an oak tree (Oak in English) against the Green Team office. That name turned out to be little commercial locations, apart from already having been registered. Finally, at the offices of Sun, it was decided to call it Java.

Java does not take long to reach the hearts of desktop programmers, providing a platform multiplatform and robust for developers. In its beginnings left much to be desired in the graphical interface, because the original graphics library, AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit), was much attached to the operating system and engaged in targeted bugs, that is to say, bugs specific to each operating system.

However, the biggest market of Java now is aimed at server applications, offering in the platform J2EE a wide range of tools to develop secure systems, scalable and robust.

Java, rather than a programming language, was developed considering a technology or framework. 

J2ME: Java Micro Edition, destined for develop mobile applications. It is developed considering the limited resources that have a mobile device.

J2SE: Java Standard Edition, for the world of desktop applications. It is the core of the language; containing the base of the API (Application Programming Interface) this offers us.

J2EE: Java Enterprise Edition, for the systems business. It is built on J2SE, but with the addition of a large security API, giving the developer all the tools necessary.

Java, like any programming language object-oriented, depends on Classes and Objects. A class is nothing more than a template from which an object is created. But once again, this can only be understood by a technical user. In plain words, a class is a blueprint from which it is possible to construct a building.

Java can be used to create two types of programs

Applications: An application is a program that runs on our Computer under the operating system of that computer. It is more or less like one creating using C or C++. Java’s ability to create Applets makes it important.

Applet: An Applet is an application designed to be transmitted over the Internet and executed by a Java compatible web browser. An applet is actually a tiny Java program, dynamically downloaded across the network, just like an image. But the difference is it is an intelligent program, not just a media file. It can react to the user input and dynamically change.

Every time you that you download a program you are risking a viral infection. Prior to Java, most users did not download executable programs frequently and most users were worried about the possibility of infecting their systems with a virus. Java answers both these concerns by providing a “firewall” between a network application and your computer. When you use a Java-compatible Web browser, you can safely download Java applets without fear of virus infection.

For programs to be dynamically downloaded to all the various types of platforms connected to the Internet, some means of generating portable executable code is needed .As you will see, the same mechanism that helps ensure security also helps create portability. Indeed Java’s solution to these two problems is both elegant and efficient.

Beyond the language there is the Java virtual machine. The Java virtual machine is an important element of the Java technology. The virtual machine can be embedded within a web browser or an operating system. Once a piece of Java code is loaded onto a machine, it is verified. As part of the loading process, a class loader is invoked and does byte code verification makes sure that the code that’s has been generated by the compiler will not corrupt the machine that it’s loaded on. Byte code verification takes place at the end of the compilation process to make sure that is all accurate and correct.

When you compile the code, the Java compiler creates machine code (called byte code) for a hypothetical machine called Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM is supposed to execute the byte code. The JVM is created for overcoming the issue of portability. The code is written and compiled for one machine and interpreted on all machines. This machine is called Java Virtual Machine.

Servlets provide a Java-based solution used to address the problems currently associated with doing server-side programming, including inextensible scripting solutions, platform-specific APIs, and incomplete interfaces.

Servlets are objects that conform to a specific interface that can be plugged into a Java-based server. Servlets are to the server-side what applets are to the client-side – object byte codes that can be dynamically loaded off the net. They differ from applets in that they are faceless objects (without graphics or a GUI component). They serve as platform independent, dynamically loadable, pluggable helper byte code objects on the server side that can be used to dynamically extend server-side functionality.

JDBC is a Java API for executing SQL statements. (As a point of interest, JDBC is a trademarked name and is not an acronym; nevertheless, JDBC is often thought of as standing for Java Database Connectivity. It consists of a set of classes and interfaces written in the Java programming language. JDBC provides a standard API for tool/database developers and makes it possible to write database applications using a pure Java API.

Like human languages, programming languages have different levels of writing difficulty; some are easy to write, while others require extensive computer knowledge to understand. In programming, high-level languages are easier to understand, learn and write because of the use of natural language. But, as the use of natural language decreases and more words and computer statements are added, the difficulty level of language increases. This process eventually stops when we get to the lowest level of programming languages, machine language or Assembly language. This language strictly deals with solving problems using hardware, thus, requiring extensive knowledge of hardware and well as software to effectively write programs.

Since Java is so widely used in the world, its impact on the economy is large for a software language. “Sun estimates the total Java Economy to be more than (USD) $100 billion in sales annually driving an additional $110 billion in related IT spending” (Sun). Adding that up, Java’s economic impact compares to about 1.4% of the U.S. $14 trillion economy. Splitting the total value up, “The Java economy includes 2.5 billion smart cards, 800 million PCs shipped with Java, 1.85 billion Java Powered phones (source: Ovum), and over 180 telecom providers who deploy Java technology based content/services” (Sun).

At this point, Microsoft’s ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) API is that probably the most widely used programming interface for accessing relational databases. It offers the ability to connect to almost all databases on almost all platforms.

So why not just use ODBC from Java? The answer is that you can use ODBC from Java, but this is best done with the help of JDBC in the form of the JDBC-ODBC Bridge, which we will cover shortly. The question now becomes “Why do you need JDBC?” There are several answers to this question:

ODBC is not appropriate for direct use from Java because it uses a C interface. Calls from Java to native C code have a number of drawbacks in the security, implementation, robustness, and automatic portability of applications.

A literal translation of the ODBC C API into a Java API would not be desirable. For example, Java has no pointers, and ODBC makes copious use of them, including the notoriously error-prone generic pointer “void *”. You can think of JDBC as ODBC translated into an object-oriented interface that is natural for Java programmers.

ODBC is hard to learn. It mixes simple and advanced features together, and it has complex options even for simple queries. JDBC, on the other hand, was designed to keep simple things simple while allowing more advanced capabilities where required.

A Java API like JDBC is needed in order to enable a “pure Java” solution. When ODBC is used, the ODBC driver manager and drivers must be manually installed on every client machine. When the JDBC driver is written completely in Java, however, JDBC code is automatically installable, portable, and secure on all Java platforms from network computers to mainframes.

Two-tier and three-tier Models

The JDBC API supports both two-tier and three-tier models for database access.

In the two-tier model, a Java applet or application talks directly to the database. This requires a JDBC driver that can communicate with the particular database management system being accessed. A user’s SQL statements are delivered to the database, and the results of those statements are sent back to the user. The database may be located on another machine to which the user is connected via a network. This is referred to as a client/server configuration, with the user’s machine as the client, and the machine housing the database as the server. The network can be an Intranet, which, for example, connects employees within a corporation, or it can be the Internet.

Overpopulation is defined as the number of people exceeding the capacity of the environment in terms of resources to sustain them. Presently, overpopulation poses as one of the gravest problems at the global level. The population of the world has increased seven-folds, from 1 billion to 7.7 billion, in just the last 200 years. The mammoth number indicates the seriousness of the situation which should be attended by all the governments collectively and by international organisations on a priority basis. The burden on our planet Earth should be reduced in order to prevent any harm to its inhabitants or the planet itself. 

This issue has been attributed to several factors such as:

-Low death rate

Due to advancement in the medical field, the death rates have lowered drastically. This technological advancement is seen as a leap in science but it has also largely contributed to the increase in population. 

-High birth rate

With an increase in the success of fertility treatments, the birth rate has also risen. 

-Lack of family planning

In most of the countries, family planning is not given much importance. There is a dire need to realise the benefits of planning before increasing the mouths to feed. As the number of people rises, more forest or rural areas are being urbanised. 

-Poverty

Many people believe that the more hands they have, the more they’ll earn and get out of the cycle of poverty. They fail to see other consequences of having many children, like more mouths to feed, overcrowding in their homes, parenting problems, further distribution of their income, et cetera. 

-The taboo on sex education 

Lack of sex education in school or by parents is a major factor contributing to overpopulation. Many teenagers and adults do not have sufficient information about contraceptives that can be used to prevent early or unwanted pregnancies.

-Agricultural advancement 

Villages and cities came into existence wherever they could find food to sustain them or land well-suited for practicing agriculture. Even today, if there’s a famine, a downfall in the population is observed whereas if there is a surplus, the opposite is observed. Thus, advancement in agriculture has led to overpopulation. 

Apart from these, there are still many reasons due to which this problem is being amplified. 

India is the second-most populous country in the world. Its population alone accounts for 17.7% of the world as per the statistics of 2018. India needs to introduce policies for population control which are effective while avoiding any extreme measures. One such extreme measure was forceful sterilisation of 6.2 million men during the 1976 emergency under the former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s son, Sanjay Gandhi. 

Some of the measures that can be introduced are tax and employment benefits for small families, compulsory sex education classes in schools, awareness about family planning, promoting adoption, removing taboo from female or male sterilisation surgeries, normalising and allowing easy abortion (which should be gender-neutral and only after consent is taken from the pregnant woman) and other steps. 

Overpopulation threatens the future availability of resources. It has led to deforestation, global warming, unemployment, and has affected all natural phenomena. We need to practice population control and raise awareness about it.