European Alliance and counter- Alliance :
🌟In 1900 five if the European Great Powers were divided into two armed camps.
🌟The Central Powers – Germany,Austria – Hungary Italy under Bismarck formed the Triple Alliance in 1882.
🌟The other camp consisted of France and Russia with the promise of mutual help.
🌟Japan preferred to ally with Britain (1902) as it was hostile towards Russia and France.
🌟The Anglo-Japanese Alliance prompted France to seek an Alliance with Britain which resulted in the Entente Cordiale (1904).
🌟Britain an agreement with Russia and formed the Triple Entente of Britain , France and Russia.
Violent Forms of Nationalism :
🌟With the growth of Nationalism, the attitude of “my country right or wrong I support it” developed.
🌟The love for the one country demanded hatred for another country .
🌟England’s Jingoism, France’s Chauvinism and Germany’s Kultur were militant forms of Nationalism, contributing decisively to the outbreak of War.
Aggressive Attitude of German Emperor :
🌟Emperor Kaisers Whilhelm || of Germany was ruthlessly assertive and Aggressive.
🌟Napoleon’s defeat at Trafalgar (1805) with Germany’s Aggressive diplomacy and rapid building of naval bases convinced Britain that a Germany navy could be directed only against her.
🌟Britain embarked on a naval race, which heightened the tension between the two Powers.
Hostility of France towards Germany :
🌟France and Germany were old rivals. Bitter memories of the defeat of 1871 and loss of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany ranked in the minds of the French.
🌟German interference in Morocco added to the bitterness.
🌟The British agreement with France over Morocco was not consented by Germany as they demanded an international conference to decide on the future of Morocco.
Imperial Power Politics in the Blakans :
🌟With the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, Austria and Russia resumed their activities in the Balkans.
🌟Austria announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
🌟Austria’s action aroused intense opposition from Serbia. Germany firmly supported Austria.
🌟The enmity between Austin Serbia led to the outbreak of war in 1914.
The Balkans Wars :
🌟Both the Turks and their subjects of different nationalities in the Balkans indulged in the most frightful massacres and atrocities in the Balkans.
🌟They attacked Greece, Serbial ,Bulgaria and later Montenegro for the control of it. In March 1912 they formed the Bslkan League. The League attacked and defeated Turkish forces in the first Balkan War(1912-1913).
🌟According to the Treaty of London signed in May 1913 the new state of Albania was created .
🌟The Second Balkan war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Bucharest in August 1913.
Immediate Cause :
🌟The climax to the events in the Balkans occurred in Sarajevo in Bosnia.
🌟On 28 June 1914, Archdale Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by Principe, a Bosnian Serb. Austria saw in this an opportunity to eliminate Serbia as an independent state.
🌟Germany thought that it should strike first and declared war on Russia on 1st August.
🌟Germany had no quarrel with France ,but because of the Franco-Russian Alliance,the German army which was planning a war against both France and Russia wanted to use the occasion to its advantage.
🌟The German violation of Belgian neutrality forced Britain to enter war.
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