Education policies of India

Abstract

After the independence of India there was the urgent need for change in the education system. British education system was rigid and followed their principal. The evolution in education policies was slow. One education policy worked as the draft for another policy.

Introduction

Education policy : policies are a set of written rules and strategies given to an organisation ( government and private). Education policy is about policy which helps to set rules in the educational department. Education policies help the government to decide the objectives of education. Government decided some goals to empower the youth and achieve them through educational policies. 

How many policies have been established after independence.

After independence, Indian decided to degarde the British education system. British education system is just helpful for them. They have difficult course and exam patterns. There was an urgent need for new education policies which related to Indian context. 

  • Universal education system (1948)

It was the first education policy of independent India. It was headed by the first president Dr. Sarvepalli radhakrishnan. The committee gave recommendations for reorganising the examination pattern, medium of instruction, cultural heritage, vocational education and many more.

  • Secondary education system (1952)

This committee works with primary and secondary levels of education. The committee was headed by the Dr. A. L murlidhar. Recommendations given by the committee were reorganising the aim of education and teaching medium at the secondary level. It is also known as muralidhar committee.

  • Indian education system (1964-66)

After the Two committees  there were still some defeats in the education system. The previous committees gave suggestions to organise a new committee. The committee is known as the Kothari commission. It was headed by the D. S. Kothari. The major recommendations were improvement in the education system, focus on national development, addressing the needs and interest of aspiritant. The committee emphasized education for national development 

  • National education policy (1968)

In 1968, late former prime minister shri rajiv gandhi introduced the new education policy. According to him, we have an urgent need for a new education policy for the holistic development of the nation. Free and compulsory education for the children, protection and development for all education systems, and work experience in every field were the programmes under the NEP 1968. It was the first education policy which included agriculture and industries as the courses in education.

  • National educational policy (1986)

National education policy came in 1986. It was focused on equal opportunities for all. The police have an idea of inclusion of scheduled tribes, scheduled caste, handicapped, and women in education. NEP 1986 had 23 task forces under it. 

  • New education policy (2020).

The new education policy 2020 was introduced by the prime minister of India, Shri Narendra Damodardas modi. 

The main aim of NEP 2020 is to provide infrastructure support, innovative education centres to bring back dropouts into the mainstream besides tracking of students and their learning levels, facilitating multiple pathways to learning involving both formal and non-formal education modes and association of counsellors or well-trained social workers with schools.

The vision of NEP 2020 is The vision of the Policy is to instill among the

learners a deep-rooted pride in being Indian, not only in thought, but also in spirit, intellect,and deeds, as well as to develop knowledge, skills, values, and dispositions that support responsible commitment to human rights, sustainable development and living, and global well-being, thereby reflecting a truly global citizen.

The new education policy changed the school structure from 10+2 to 5+ 3+3+4.

 In the new education policy, early childhood and care is considered as the foundational year of learning. The ECC consists of 5 year of school structure. Children will go to bal vatika and anganwadis. There will be universal access to early child care and education. 

Upliftment of literacy and numeracy, cutting the droprate rates, universal access of free and compulsory education, change in pedagogical and curriculum system, rigid to flexible and enjoyable classroom environment, holistic development of the learner, increasing the critical thinking among the learners, empowerment of student through the flexibility in the subject choices, vocational education and teacher training are some major recommendations of new education policy 2020.

Conclusion

The Indian education system always works for the better development of the nation. Every education gives recommendations on the basis of the first one. The aim of all education policies was to provide education facilities to all.

References 

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