Palm oil is an edible oil taken from the fruit of oil palms, from palm trees grown in the tropics. The crop provides a higher yield at a lower cost compared to other vegetable oils. This oil is used for cooking in developing countries, but also in beauty products, detergents, and biofuel. WWF says that more than 50% of packaged products in America are made with palm oil. As demand for palm oil increases, so do the plantations, involving the clearance of large areas of tropical forests.
– Loss of habitat:as the creation of oil palm plantations leads to the destruction of tropical rainforests (deforestation), plant and animal species lose their habitats and their risk of nearing extinction increases
– Soil erosion: A primary cause is palm trees being planted on steep slopes. The effect is increased flooding.
– Climate change: Tropical forests are a major carbon sink, that help to absorb the atmosphere’s carbon. So by clearing forests, we lose a major carbon sink. Forest fires are also initiated to clear out forests, further releasing carbon.
– Social impacts: Local communities may lose or not be ensured their land rights, leading to conflict and loss of income
“With Cyberbullying, one press of a finger on an electronic device can shatter someone’s reputation and what they think is their entire life. It’s scary” says Justin Prentice. Before ,bullying was a primary issue that lived everywhere either in school or colleges and after introducing anti-ragging in every education institutions there’s no longer the case. Enter “cyberbullying”- a growing problem for many schools. And in its worst forms, cyberbullying can also be a cybercrime.
Cyberbullying takes place when a teen or younger child uses a computing device to threated, humiliate, or otherwise harass a peer. It may occur over a laptop, smartphone or tablet, and live within platforms such as text messages, emails, social media, online forums and chat rooms. Equipped with an internet connection and a capable device, Cyberbullies can wreak havoc on their victims at any time.
Cyberbullying takes many cruel shapes and forms. A bully may send messages via email or text messages with the intent of threatening his or her victim. In other malicious instances, they may break into email or social networking accounts to either steal victims identities or embarrass them by publishing defamatory posts in their names.
The best defense against cyberbullying is prevention, and parents can play an active role in the process by monitoring their child’s digital activities. In addition to making sure you are aware of who they communicate with via phone and text, you are aware about who they communicate via phone or text. Most importantly, talk to your kids about cyberbullying. The sooner they speak up, the sooner someone can put up an end to the madness .
I spend lot of time on talking about how important your dreams are.But it’s also important to realize that dreams are not enough.Yes, I talk a lot about optimism, positivity and focusing on what in life rather than fearing what you don’t want.So with that in mind, I would like to share three compelling, and optimism including, reasons to start taking that all-important action towards dreams and goals,and they are
Action activates knowledge:Knowledge is nothing until you use it.If that dream is ever going to go anywhere or mean anything, then you have to get that it out of your head and into the real world.And to do that, you must take action and start doing
Action overrides fear:Fear is the common thing when it comes to our biggest dreams and goals.Often we are afraid because we can’t see the whole path before us, we don’t know exactly how we’re going to get from here to there, so we’re afraid to get started,because we don’t need to see the whole staircase, just take the first step in faith.
Action inspires confidence:This is so important, because every time you take action towards your goal and as you start reaching your destination, it makes you more comfortable and more confident in your ability to handle anything that gets thrown at you.
Dreams are not enough to get you where you want to be in life, so when you find yourself slipping into non-action mode remind yourself of these three things.
The Indian Space Research Organisation is the national space agency of India, headquartered in Bengaluru. It operates under Department of Space (DOS) which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India, while Chairman of ISRO acts as executive of DOS as well. ISRO is the primary agency in India to perform tasks related to space based applications, space exploration and development of related technologies. It is one of six government space agencies in the world which possess full launch capabilities, deploy cryogenic engines, launch extraterrestrial missions and operate large fleets of artificial satellites.
The Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was established by Jawaharlal Nehru under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) in 1962, on the urging of scientist Vikram Sarabhai recognising the need in space research. INCOSPAR grew and became ISRO in 1969, within DAE. In 1972, the Government of India had set up a Space Commission and the Department of Space (DOS), bringing ISRO under the DOS. The establishment of ISRO thus institutionalised space research activities in India. It since then has been managed by the DOS, which governs various other institutions in India in domain of astronomy and space technology.
ISRO built India’s first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975. In 1980, ISRO launched satellite RS-1 onboard its own SLV-3 making India the sixth country to be capable of undertaking orbital launches. SLV-3 was followed by ASLV which was subsequently succeeded by development of many medium-lift launch vehicles, rocket engines, satellite systems and networks enabling agency to launch hundreds of domestic and foreign satellites and various deep space missions for space exploration.
ISRO was the world’s first space agency to find water on the moon and insert a probe in orbit of Mars in its maiden attempt. It has the world’s largest constellation of remote-sensing satellites and operates two satellite navigation systems namely GAGAN and NAVIC.
Goals in near future include expanding satellites fleet, landing a rover on Moon, sending humans into space, development of a semi-cryogenic engine, sending more unmanned missions to Moon, Mars, Venus and Sun and deployment of more space telescopes in orbit to observe consmic phenomena and outerspace beyond solar system. Long term plans include development of reusable launchers, heavy and super heavy launch vehicles, deploying a space station, sending exploration missions to external planets like Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune and asteroids and manned missions to Moon and planets.
ISRO’s programs have played a significant role in the socio-economic development of India and have supported both civilian and military domains in various aspects including disaster management, telemedicine and navigation and reconnaissance missions. ISRO’s spin off technologies also have founded many crucial innovations for India’s engineering and medical industries.
DR.VIKRAM SARABHAI, FOUNDER OF ISRO
FUNCTIONS OF ISRO
Design, development and realisation and launching of Space Launch Vehicle Systems and Sounding Rockets.
Design, development and realisation of communication satellites (carrying transponders) for meeting the National Demand towards telecommunications, television broadcasting, security requirements and societal applications.
Design, development and realisation of satellites and/or space based systems for navigational applications
Design, development and realisation of Earth Observation Satellites for mapping and monitoring of natural resources, Disastser Management Support and Meteorological services.
Design, development and realisation of space systems for carrying out research related to space sciences and planetary exploration.
Implementation of innovative space applications in the domains of natural resources management, disaster management support and several societal applications.
Undertaking Research and Development activities towards advanced launch vehicles, spacecrafts and ground systems for space missions.
Operation and maintenance of space assets and critical infrastructural facilities.
Fostering international co-operation in peaceful uses of outer space including adherence to international charters and treaties.
Development of Human Resources and capacity building to carry out the space Research Activities.
Genre: Slice of life/ Shounen/ Comedy/ Sports/ Action/ Supernatural.
1) Haikyuu
2) Dr. Stone
3) The Promised Neverland
4) Gintama
5) Noragami
6) Steins Gate
7) Asobi Asobase
8) Vinland saga
(The list is not in order/ranking)
1-Haikyuu
Haikyuu!! Is an anime about volleyball. It is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Haruichi Furudate. The story follows Shōyō Hinata, a boy determined to become a great volleyball player despite his small stature.
I am absolutely in love with this anime. Quirky yet mature characters, massive positive energy (without the cringeyness), good and steady character development, close to reality and filled with moments that will fill you with many emotions. It is the type of anime, which will keep you hooked till the end and wanting more of it.
No. of Seasons: 4 (With 4th season having 2 parts)
No. of volumes: 37
2)Dr.Stone
Dr. Stone is a Japanese manga series written by Riichiro Inagaki and illustrated by the South Korean artist Boichi. The first episode aired in Japan on July 5th, 2019 and ended on December 13, 2019.
The anime unfolds with the introduction of the personalities wherein Taiju, the brawny guy is collecting himself to confess his love. A green light envelopes the sky and everyone. In this world where humanity has been petrified, scientific genius Senku and his brawny friend Taiju use their skills to rebuild civilization.
An absolutely hilarious, scientific, realistic yet lil unrealistic and an all-package anime. Main characters be making faces like so-called villains and villains like the sane ones. You are gonna love the humor, creativity with innovations and probably learn to make some of the scientific inventions.
No. of season: 2
No. of volumes: 21
3) Noragami
Noragami is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Adachitoka. It is a shounen brought to you by Studio Bones. Noragami is about a stray God called Yato, who wants to build a shrine of his own. His journey to do so, with his hilarious and annoyingly careless yet caring personality is what makes this anime unique. The fun is unlimited, relatability and appropriately written characters makes it more special.
Male and female protagonists have been written better than what i have seen till now, Diverse characters, straightforwardness and extremely crude, chill personality of characters. The anime has really less episode considering it’s quality but the fun and wholesomeness compensates for it.
No. of season: 2 (2 OVA)
No. of volumes: 23
4) The Promised Neverland.
The Promised Neverland is a Japanese manga series written by Kaiu Shirai and illustrated by Posuka Demizu. It was serialized in Shueisha’s Weekly Shōnen Jump from August 2016 to June 2020. group of orphaned children in their plan to escape from their orphanage, after learning the dark truth behind their existence and the purpose of the orphanage.
I believe that cuteness, child energy, super relatability to our world, intellectuality, and wholesomeness are less than enough to describe this anime. It is pretty tear-jerker anime. The twists, scenes makes you want to help those kids through your screen. Although, in second season the anime’s plot changes a lil, if you are looking for a series to keep you on your toes, this is it.
No. of Seasons: 2
No. of Volumes: 20
5)Gintama
Gintama, along running series has finally come to an end with the movie Gintama : Final, launched 18 July 2021. This action, comedy anime is based on Alien samurai setting where the humans and alien are living together after the war. Gintoki Sakata, the main protagonist of the series, owns a shop named “Odd jobs Gin” and as its name suggests they accept any type of work as long as they’re paid for it.
Animated by Bandai Namco Pictures and written by Hideaki Sorachi, the cast of Gintama is arguably the best an anime has to offer. Even though the arc’s are short and start is slow, one can never get enough of the parody, action and the drama it provides.
No. of Seasons: 5 (4 movies and 1 OVA)
No. of Volumes: 77
7)Steins Gate
Okabe Rintaro, a self proclaimed Mad scientist accidentally discovers about time travel and time leap. Steins;Gate which is almost ranked in top 10 of every review page and ranked 3rd in MAL (My Anime list) is a time travel story, but not a typical time story. Its not only about the main protagonist travelling or leaping through time, it deals with many modern theories of time travel such as The Time Paradox, Butterfly effect, String theory and much more.
Unlike most anime’s, the side cast is one of the best out there. Every character used has their own importance on the overall plot. The start may be slow for some viewers but that’s the beauty of Steins;Gate.
Steins;Gate was produced by Mika Nomura and Yoshina Doi, directed by Hiroshi Hamasaki and Takuya Sato, and is written by Jukki Hanada
No. of Seasons: 2 (Along with 5 movies and OVA’s )
No. of Volumes: 3
8) Asobi Asobase
The story revolves around three classmates who play simple hand games and their exposure to more weird games.
The opening song gives you vibes of innocence, sweetness and everything nice. Well, the outro is a complete chaos. This pretty much sums the entire series, the girls are innocently chaotic. Filled with crazy ideas regarding the concept of club, extreme honesty and horrifically funny, this girls are absolutely hilarious.
Asobia Asobase made me remember everything I did in school days, every silly games I played. The anime just keeps getting better and more hilarious with each episode.
Honestly, I have never laughed this hard before. If you want to see something that’s going to make you laugh by hitting that pause button without cringing, this is a must watch for you!
No. of season(s): 1 (Episodes: 12)
No. of volumes: 12
15) Vinland saga
Vinland saga anime having only 1 season till date based on Vikings, it is considered one of the best New Gen anime and manga. Season 1 deals with a young boy, Thorfinn, who has a great interest in fighting. Thorfinn swears revenge against Askeladd, the killer of his father and also the main antagonist of the show.
The protagonist – antagonist setting is unrivaled not only in new gen animes but also in the older one’s. The main plot of the anime/manga revolves around the war for the crown of the England. The new season has been confirmed for the Year 2021 and adapts the Slave arc from the manga.
Have you ever put off your homework till the last minute? Or perhaps studied for the test only a day before? Maybe delayed writing an essay till the last possible hour? All of us are guilty of delaying tasks and putting off important work until a later date. This is essentially procrastinating. It is the action of purposefully delaying any task or activity. In this procrastination essay, we will see the reasons and the solutions to this problem.
As we will see in this procrastination essay, this is not a rare phenomenon. Almost everyone is guilty of it at some point in their lives. So we ask ourselves this question – why do people procrastinate even when they are so busy most of the time? We live in the 21st century, where time is our most precious commodity. And yet, we waste this precious resource procrastinating our time away.
What is the main reason behind procrastination?
The reasons for a person procrastinating can be varied. It depends on person-to-person and situation-to-situation. However, there are some universal reasons that cause people to delay their tasks and actions. One of the most important ones is the fear of failure. When a person delays doing an important task or is disinterested in finishing it, the cause could be a deep-rooted fear of failure. It is in human nature to avoid and fear failure. So by choosing to never finish the task, we can avoid the consequences as well.
Another reason is the lack of focus and determination. Feeling directionless and unfocused can often cause people to lose their wills to do their jobs. This leads to procrastination. Sometimes the lack of goals and objectives is also the reason a person loses their focus. Since they do not have an end goal in mind, they end up wasting energy on other useless tasks.
There are other reasons a person may procrastinate. Sometimes, a person may be too much of a perfectionist. This distracts them from other tasks. And then there are other reasons like laziness, low energy levels, easy distractions, etc.
While procrastinating is a very natural fault we all share, if it gets out of hand it can get quite troublesome. Excessive procrastination can disrupt your life and cause you to lose control of your schedules and deadlines. So when the procrastination gets out of hand, you need to reign it in and get back in control.
How to Avoid Procrastination?
–One way to stop procrastinating is to break down the dreaded task into little steps. If the work or the task is too overwhelming, we tend to procrastinate about it. But if the job is broken down, then we can tackle one step at a time without being overwhelmed. You can also create a detailed timetable or a timeline of some sort to help you with the steps.
-At other times changing your work environment may be beneficial. It can provide you with the boost necessary to stop procrastinating and finish the task. If possible get a friend or a parent to keep a check on your progress. It helps keep the motivation levels up and encourages you to finish the task on time.
Lastly what I really think is that the main concern is not to over-focus or blame yourself for procrastinating sometimes. We are all a victim to procrastination from time-to-time. As long as it does not derail your entire schedule, give yourself a break and just get back to work and take life easy!
During the eleventh century, the Turkish horsemen pillaged northern India and due to their persistent campaigns, they succeeded in seizing political control of the Gangetic plain by the next century. Though the success of their conquests could be attributed to their audacity and ferocity ,their success is really due to the failure of Indians to defend themselves and their territories. Indians viewed each other with distruct , failing to take note of the success of Islam in early years of its spread. The superior military might of Muslim soldiers was yet another factor that contributed to success in their conquests. In this lesson,we discuss how Turkish warriors set about founding and consolidating their Islamic rule till the advent of Babur.
Slave Dynasty (1206 – 1290)
Muslim rule in India was established by Muhammad Ghori in 12th century A.D.(CE). As he had no sons,he nurtured special slaves called bandagan (a Persian term used for slaves purchased for military service). These slaves were posted as Governors and they were later raised to status of Sultans. After Ghori’s death in 1206 ,one of his slaves Qutb-ud-din-Aibak who had been left behind by Muhammad Ghori to govern the territories he had conqured, proclaimed himself ruler of the Turkish territories in India. He laid the foundation of the slave Dynasty. This dynasty is also known as Mamluk dynasty. This dynasty is also known as Mamluk dynasty. Mamluk is an Arabic word meaning “slave”.Qutb-ud-din-Aibak, Shams-ud-din-Iltutmish and Ghiyas-ud-din-Balbam were the three great Sultan’s of this dynasty. The slave Dynasty ruled over the sub – continent for about 84 years.
Qutb-ud-din-Aibak (1206 – 1210)
Qutb-ud-din-Aibak began his rule by establishing Lahore as the capital of his kingdom. later he shifted his capital to Delhi. He was active all through his rule in Delhi conquering new Territories and suppressing rebellions. He personally led military campaigns to the central and western Indo-Gangetic plain and left the conquest of the eastern Gangetic plain ( Bihar,Bengal) to the care of Bakhtiar Khalji. Aibak built the Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid (mosque) in Delhi. This mosque is considered to be the oldest in India. He also laid the foundation of the Qutb-Minar,but he was unable to complete it. It was later finished by his son – in – law and his successor Iltutmish. Aibak died injuries received during an accidental fall from a horse, while playing Polo in 1210.
Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid
Iltutmish (1210 – 1236)
Aibak’son aram Shah proved incompetent and so the Turkish noble chose Iltutmish,the son-in-law of Aibak as the Sultan,who served as a military commander of Aibak.Iltutmish firmly established his control over the territories by suppressing rebellions.It was during his reign that the threat of Mongols under chengis Khan loomed large over the frontiers of India.He averted the impending danger by refusing to provide shelter to the kwarezm Shah jalal-ud-din,who had been driven out by chengis Khan.In order to counter the possible attact of the Mongols, Iltutmish organised Turkish nobility into a select group of 40 nobles known as chahalgani or the Forty.Iltumish granted iqtas (land) to members of his army. Iqta is the land granted to army officials in lieu of a regular wage. The iqta holder is called the iqtadar or muqti who had to provide the Sultan with military assistance in times of war. The iqtadar collected revenue from his iqta to meet the cost of maintaining his troops and horses.
Qutb-Minar
Iltutmish completed the construction of the Qutb -Minar ,started by Aibak. Iltutmish died in April 1236 after ruling for 26 years.
Razia (1236 – 1240)
As the most capable son of Iltutmish,Rukn-ud-din-Firuz,was dead, Iltutmish nominated his daughter Razia Sultana as his successor to the throne of Delhi. Razia was an able and brave fighter. But she had a tough time with Turkish nobles as she favoured non-Turkish nobles. She also faced the situation of the ferocious Mangola raiding Punjab during her reign.Razia made an Ethiopian slave named Jalal-ud-din Yakut as her personal attendant and started trusting him completely.This led to a revolt of the Turkish nobles who conspired against her and got her murdered in 1240.
Ghiyas-ud-din-Balbam (1266–1287)
After Razia,three weak rulers in succession ascended the throne. After them came Ghiyas-ud-din-Balbam . Balban abolished the forty as it was hostile to him. He established a department of spies to gather intelligence about the conspirators and the trouble makers against his rule. He dealt with insubordination and defiantly of royal authority sternly. Tughril Khan, a provincial governor of Bengal, who raised a banner of revolt against Balban,was captured and beheaded. He was ruthless in dealing with enemies like Meos of Mewat. Balban, however,took care to maintain cordial relationship with the Mongols. He obtained from Hulagu Khan ,a grandson of Chengiz Khan and the Mongol viceroy in Iran,the assurance that Mongols would not advance beyond Sutlej. Balban built forts to guard his empire against the Mongol attacks. He patronised the famous persian poet Amir Khusru. Balban died in 1287. Balban’s son Kaiqubad turned out to be weak. In 1290 Malik Jalal-ud-din Khalji,the commander of the army, assumed the office of Naib and ruled the kingdom in the name of Kaiqubad. Then one day, Jalal-ud-din sent one of his officers and had Kaiqubad murdered. Jalal-ud-din then formally ascended the throne. With him began the rule of Khalji dynasty.
A central bank is the apex institution of the monetary and banking structure of the country.
It performs several important monetary functions in the banking system.
According to A.C.L. Day a central bank ” helps and controls and stabilizes the monetary and banking system .“
Along with several other essential functions, the central bank ‘s most important function is to control the credit creation power of commercial banks .
“Central Bank also known as Controller of Credit “
Credit control is the means to control the lending policy of commercial banks by the Central Bank .
The central bank controls credits in accordance with the needs of business and with a view to carrying out the broad monetary policy adopted by the state.
It adopted two methods of credit control :-
• Quantitative Credit Control Methods
• Qualitative Credit Control Methods
Open market is one of the methods of quantitative credit control used by the central bank .
What is open market Operations ( OMO ) ?
Open market Operations in general terms means dealing with government securities and bonds.
To elaborate more, Open Market Operations refers to the sale and purchase of securities , bills and bonds of government as well as private financial institutions by the Central Bank .
OMO is an activity by a central bank to give or take liquidity in its currency to or from a bank or a group of banks.
There are two principle motives of open market Operations
• to influence the reserves of commercial bank in order to control power of credit creation
• to affect the market rates of interest and supply of base money
In order to manipulate the short-term interest rate and the supply of base money in an economy, i.e to indirectly control the total money supply, the central bank buys and sells government securities, or other financial instruments.
Monetary targets, such as inflation, interest rates, or exchange rates, are used to guide this implementation.
In the given figure , S is the supply curve of bank money which shifts to the left as S¹ showing a decrease in the supply of bank money from B to A , given the level of interest rate r .
When the central bank aims at an expansionary policy during a recessionary period , it purchases government securities from the commercial banks and institutions dealing with such securities .
The supply curve of bank money shifts from S¹ to S², showing an increase in the supply of bank money from B to C .
The bank will now lend more at the given rate of interest r.
As the result of change in supply of bank money in market through the open market operations
The market rates of interest also change .
A decrease in the supply of bank money through sale of securities will raise the interest market rates and an increase in supply of bank money will reduce the market rate interest. ___________________________________________
Open Market Operation policy in India
The fact that India is a developing country its capital flows are very different from those in developed countries which influence the Open Market Operation policy .
India’s central bank, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), has to make policies and use instruments accordingly. RBI’s major source of funding and control over credit and interest rates was the cash reserve ratio (CRR) and the SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio). But after the reforms, the use of CRR as an effective tool was deemphasized and the use of open market operations increased. OMOs are more effective in adjusting.
RBI use two types of OMOs :-
Outright purchase (PEMO):
It is outright buying or selling of government securities.
Repurchase agreement (REPO):
It is short term, and is subject to repurchase.
OMOs are the most effective credit control instrument with the central bank and are preferred over other methods.
__________________________________________
Limitations of Open Market Operations
Although being an effective method OMO has certain limitations such as :-
• Lack of Securities Market :-. It is important to have an organised security market system for central banks to buy or purchase securities on a large scale.
• Unstable Cash Reserve Ratio:- The buying and selling of securities and bonds by central banks highly influence the cash reserve ratio which is to be maintained at a fixed rate .
• Penal Bank Rate : – According to Profs Aschheim penal rate is one the necessary conditions for success of open market operations. If the penal bank Rate of discount is higher than the market rates of interest , the commercial bank can not increase their borrowings.
• Pessimistic and Optimistic Attitude :- The pessimistic and optimistic attitude of the business community also limits the operations of open market policy. A business may be unwilling to take the risk of taking out a loan during a depression .
• Velocity of Credit and Money not Constant :- The velocity of credit increases during periods of brisk business activities and decreases in periods of falling prices. Hence ,the unstableness of velocity of credit and money constantly affects open market operations.
Despite the given limitations , the central banks find the Open Market Operations instrument the most successful for controlling credit in developed as well as developing countries.
Full name – Edward James Corbett Born – 25 July 1875 ,Nainital, (North-Western Provinces, British India (now in Uttarakhand, India)) Died – 19 April 1955 (aged 79), Nyeri, Kenya Nationality – Indian Occupation – Hunter, naturalist, writer.
‘My India, about which these sketches of village life and work are written, refers to those portions of a vast land which I have known from my earliest days, and where I have worked; and the simple folk whose ways and characters I have tried to depict for you are those among whom I spent the great part of seventy years,’ -wrote Jim Corbett.
These words are not merely a description of a country by a man. These words reveal the life of a rare man who was British by blood but became an Indian at heart.
About Jim:
Edward James ‘Jim’ Corbett was born on 25 July 1875, at Nainital, United Province (now Uttarakhand) in British India. Corbett held the rank of Colonel in the British Indian Army, and worked for the Bengal and North Western Railway. Corbett was frequently called upon by the government of the United Provinces to slay man-eating tigers and leopards who had killed people in the villages of the Garhwal and Kumaon region. Corbett was able to succeed in many cases where numerous others had failed.
History:
Between 1910 and 1938, Corbett shot much-feared man-eaters such as the Champawat Tiger, the Leopard of Rudraprayag, the Tigers of Chowgarh and the Panar Leopard, who had cumulatively killed over a thousand people. His success in slaying the man-eaters earned him much respect and fame amongst the people residing in the villages of Kumaon, many of whom considered him to be a saint or sadhu because of his simple, dedicated and honest lifestyle. After his retirement, he authored The Maneaters of Kumaon, Jungle Lore, and other books recounting his hunts and experiences. Corbett’s stories became best-sellers because he narrated tales bubbling with spine-chilling reality in simple and enjoyable language.
Corbett had great admiration for tigers and photographed them avidly in his later years. His attraction towards the uncorrupted beauty of nature in the wild started in his childhood. He could identify the call of most animals and birds from a very young age, owing to his frequent visits to the wild. He never shot a tiger or a leopard unless it turned a man-eater. Corbett was a pioneer conservationist and lectured at local schools and societies to create awareness about the need to respect the wild.
A great human being who would even risk his own life for saving somebody else’s, Corbett continued to write and sound the alarm about the declining numbers of jungle cats till the last days of his life at Nueri, Kenya. He was distressed when people described the tiger as a blood-thirsty’ and ‘cruel’ beast. He refers to his childhood when a child freely roaming about the forest often ended meeting a tiger, the latter giving him a clear, ‘Hello child, what the hell are you doing here?” look and walking away.
. “”a tiger is a large-hearted gentleman with boundless courage and that when he is exterminated-as exterminated he will be unless public opinion rallies to his support-India will be the poorer, having lost the finest of her fauna,””- Jim Corbett had written. This quotation also makes it very obvious that Corbett had great respect for India and Indians. When you read his description of his experiences with men like Bala Singh in his stories or read about the manner in which he could identify the distinct grieving of an Indian wife for her husband, you know why he is still so revered. Corbett passed away on 19 April 1955. The Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand is named after him.
Life of Jim corbett:
In childhood, he has a deep fascination for the forests and wildlife, and due to his interest in wildlife, he became a good tracker and hunter with time. Due to his amazing skill of tracking and hunting, he was often sought after by the then government of the united province to track and kill the tiger and leopard who becomes a man-eater. Even though he was the skilled hunter, he never killed any wild animal other than man-eaters.After many years as a celebrated hunter, he then developed a hobby of wildlife photography, especially, recording films of tigers in their natural habitat. He also used to give lectures on the rich natural heritage of India and the importance of the conservation of forests and wildlife to the school students.
He also penned his experience as a hunter and written many books on wildlife and hunting experiences. His most famous book was Man-Eaters of Kumaon that intensely portrayed his own hunting adventures. Many movies, TV episodes and documentaries have been made that are based on this critically acclaimed book.Later in his life, Jim Corbett started a movement to conserve the wild animals and forests. He strongly supported the All-India Conference for the Preservation of Wildlife and promoted the foundation of the Association for the Preservation of Game in the United Provinces. He also used his influence over the provincial government and lead the path that cleared the establishment of the first national park in India, the Hailey National Park, named after the Lord Malcolm Hailey in 1930s. The name later changed to the Jim Corbett National Park after the independence of India in 1957 in the honor of the legendary Jim Corbett.
Uttarakhhand (also called as Uttaranchal) is an state in northern part of india.It is also called ‘Devbhumi’ or Land of Gods. Uttarakhand is known for its beauty, rivers, Himalayas , culture and many other things .it is blessed with some amazing tourist places. let us go through those places one by one.
Dehradun
it is the Capital of Uttarakhand and one of the best places to visit in the state .This beautiful place is surrounded by hills of Mussoorie.. Dehradun is also known as ‘School capital of India’ due to number of schools there are in Dehradun.it lies between ganga and Yamuna river. There are lots of places to visit in Dehradun such as Clement house, Robber’s cave, Tapkeshwar temple, Forest research Institute campus and many other. The best time to visit Dehradun is said to be between March to June.
2. Mussoorie
Mussourie is one of the best and famous places to visit in our country. it is also called as queen of hills.It is a hill station, which is 35 kilometers away from Dehradun.it is in the foothills of Garhwali Himalayan range.it is not only famous for its beauty but also for its education and Business .There are many places to visit in Mussoorie, such as the lush green hills, view of Shivalik hills, colonial houses, the Kempty falls, sir George Everest house and many more. Best time to visit Mussoorie is between April to June.
Nainital
Nainital is also called as lake city of India.it is among the most visited hill stations of North India.it is located in the Kumaoun foothills of the outer Himalayas.it is at a distance of 285 Km from the capital of state, Dehradun.it is situated 1938 meters above the sea-level. the eye catching thing in Nainital is Naini lake.it not only attracts other state’s people but also foreign tourists. Naintal is an ideal winter destination.The other places to visit in Nainital are:-Govind ballabh pant marg ,Nainital zoo, Cheena peak, Naina Devi temple, Tiffin Top and many other exciting places.
4. Rishikesh
Also known as yoga capital of world, Rishikesh is one of the best spiritual places in Uttarakhand it is known for its ancient temples.it is also known as gateway to the Garhwal Himalayas. it is 45 km away from dehradun.it is a pilgrimage town. many tourist come in Rishikesh for its peace and spiritualty.it is located in the foothills of Shivalik range on the banks of the river ganga in northern india. Rshikesh is not only a great pilgrimage place but also a great adventure place where we can enjoy water rafting, kayaking, rock climbing, bungee jumping and many other things. some famous places to visit in Rishikesh are:- Lakshman Jhula, Neelkanth Mahadev temple, Ram jhula, Triveni ghat, Parmarth niketanand and many other.
Haridwar
Haridwar is an ancient city and a pilgrimage place in Uttarakhand state.The city is situated on the right bank of the ganga river. at the foothills of shivalik range. In Haridwar, many important religious workship and events are done. Some famous places to visit in Haridwar are:- Har ki pauri, Ganga arti, Shantikunj, Chandi devi temple, Chilla range and many other places.
“One good thing about music, when it hits you, you feel no pain-”Bob Marley.
Adhering to the above quote said by Bob Marley, music proves to be the most powerful weapon for anything related to pain. Beyond the fact that music acts as a relief against pain, it also completely cures any form of sadness that is extensive. The practise of playing music in operation theatres in order to reduce stress for both surgeons and patients is not uncommon. Whereas, not many of us are aware about this amazing practise of surgeons which has helped a lot of surgeries to turn out to be successful.
To be precise, Music has proven to be effective in relaxing stress hormones and reducing blood pressure. Prominently, classic music shows drastic effects and is verified to be beneficial in distress.
Many interesting surgeries were held while music was played in various forms and also performed successfully. One of them includes a surgery where a musician played violin while the surgeons performed Brain surgery to remove her Brain tumour. Well the musician was the patient herself! How amazing it sounds right. Similar to this, in 2017 a musician reported to have played violin, since the surgeon who performed the surgery found relief for his stress during the surgery. Again, the surgery was performed successfully.
There are many such magnificent incidents like this occurred, which have proved to have more impact on both surgeons and patients.
Nowadays, stress, depression, anxiety etcetera has become so common that many people started using these words on a daily basis. But one thing that stands out to be a stress relief for everyone is “music”. It has been reported that music releases a hormone in the human body which eases pain and produces a feeling of euphoria.
One of the biggest incidents of doctors dancing to folk music in order to entertain covid patients stole many hearts and could be considered one of the best gestures ever. Music allegedly makes an aching heart and mind calm and reduces all kinds of emotions which leads to negative outcomes.
One of the most imminent types of music used in operation theatres are classical music. It is said that classical music gives a soothing feeling to the human mind mentally and physically. Listening to music in hospitals has become so common and getting played on a regular basis.
Isn’t it surprising and amazing to know how music plays a vital role in every corner of life and helps in manifesting peace all over. Some of the facts and incidents about music being played in operation theatres would just blow your mind when you get to know more about the phenomena. A patient playing music on an ongoing surgery on herself and doctors being very particular about not to disturb or affect any hormone that is related to control actions of her makes us understand that small things make huge differences and give beautiful results.
Both criminal psychologists and forensic psychologists assist law enforcement professionals in investigating and solving crimes. While there are many similarities between these two, they play different but complementary roles.
Forensic specializes in aftermath of crime, evaluating the suspects mental health and consulting victims and their families, whereas criminal psychologists focus primarily on determining a motive and creating a profile of the evil doer.
CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY, REQUIREMENTS AND POSITIONS:
Criminal psychology also referred to as criminological psychology is basically the study of the views, thoughts, intentions, actions and reactions of the criminal. They try to understand the motivation of the criminals and also develop psychological profile to apprehend them.
It requires a doctorate in psychology and a license to practice. The professionals would have usually completed a postdoctoral study or research or profiling. However, criminal psychologist having a criminal profiling may come from a law enforcement background instead of psychology.
They have various positions in this field. However most of them go on to work in social service or in a field related to law enforcement. Sometimes they work full time in police departments.
WHAT CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGIST DO:
Investigate the behavior and thoughts of criminals. Examine the motive of the criminals. Assets their mental situation. Help and find to prevent criminal behavior.
FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY, REQUIREMENTS AND POSITIONS:
Forensic psychology is a subfield in psychology. It involves the application of psychological knowledge and methods to both civil and criminal legal questions. They consult with law enforcement to integrate psychology into both criminal and civil legal matters.
Forensic psychologist during UG do a major in psychology or forensic psychology after which they complete internships and PG training in law enforcement. Forensic psychologist requires a PhD or a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD).
There are many positions including victim advocate, corrections specialist, or probation officer. Apart from this they can also be Jury Consultant, Federal Government Employee, Police Consultant etc.
WHAT FORENSIC PYSCHOLOGIST DO:
Forensic psychologists help rehabilitate offenders through therapy, anger management and other counseling services. They also interview witnesses and victims
SIMILARITIES:
Criminal psychology and Forensic psychology are strongly connected to law enforcement. Both aims at understanding the psychology of criminals and solving crimes. Both supports investigation whether its criminal or civil.
DIFFERENCES:
There are some points of divergence between the two starting from educational requirements, career and the typical paths that they lead and the work they do.
Warren Buffett is often treated as god of investors. He is one of the most successful investors in the world. Warren Buffett is a American business magnate, and a investor. As of now April, 2020 his net worth is $100.6 Billion making him world’s seventh wealthiest person in the world. Currently, he is the CEO and chairman of Berkshire Hathaway. In this blog, we are going to see the success story of Warren Buffett.
Early life
Warren Edward Buffett was born on August 30, 1930 in Omaha, Nebraska. He is the second oldest child to his father Howard, a stock broker and his mother Leila. He has two sisters. At a very young age he developed a interest in business and stock market. While other children of his age were playing, he was making money. At eleven years old, he purchased three shares of Cities Service at $38 per each. Soon after buying it, it price fell down to $27. Then after, he waited for the stock to made $40 and sold it. He said that it was a mistake because the stock went unto $200. This taught him the principles of investing.
Education
He began his career at Rose Hill elementary school. In 1942, he finished his elementary school and joined Deal junior high school. In 1947, when he was 17 years old, he graduated from Woodrow Wilson high school. After that, he got admitted into Wharton school of the University of Pennsylvania, after two years he transferred to University of Nebraska, complaining that he known better than his professors. Then he graduated from University of Nebraska with Bachelor of Science degree in business administration. Then, he applied to Harvard business school and was rejected because he was too young. Then he admitted to Columbia Business school of University of Columbia. In 1951, he graduated with Master of Science degree in economics.
Investment career
In 1947, when he was 17 years old, he started a company Wilson coinoperated machines with his friend Donald. The business was to buy a pinball machine at $25. The business makes $50 per week for Buffett and Donald. After a year they sold it for $1200. From 1951 to 1954, he worked as a investment salesman for Buffet-Falk. In 1954, Buffett got a job at Benjamin Graham’s partnership and his starting salary was $12,000 per year(around $116,000 today). In 1956 Benjamin Graham retired and closed his partnership. At that time Buffett’s saving reached to $176,000(around $1.66 million today). Then he started Buffett Partnership Limited. By 1960, He operated six partnership. In 1962, he became a millionaire because of his partnership of total 7,178,500 in which 1,025,000 belongs to him. In 1965, he started purchasing the stock of Berkshire Hathaway. By 1967, Buffett Partnership owns 59.5 shares of Berkshire Hathaway. By May 1990, he had became a Billionaire when Berkshire Hathaway started selling there shares of class A. Apart of Berkshire Hathaway, he had also have shares in Apple, Bank of America, Coco cola, American Express, and etc.
Additional Information
Being a Billionaire, he still lives in the same house, which he bought in 1957 for $31,500. In 2006, He announced that he will donate majority of his wealth to Bill and Melinda Gates foundation. In 2010, Warren Buffett and Bill Gates started giving pledge campaign to encourage extremely wealthy people to contribute majority of wealth for philanthropic causes. In that, Buffett donated 99 percent of wealth to philanthropic causes.
Liverpool boss Jurgen Klopp has delivered positive updates on Trent Alexander-Arnold and Joe Gomez as they continue their returns from injury.
The England international defenders are now in contention to figure in pre-season plans, says the Reds boss.
Gomez has been sidelined after suffering knee ligament damage in November 2020, while Alexander-Arnold saw his Euro 2020 dreams dashed with a thigh problem.
The Reds boss is confident the two England international defenders will figure in his pre-season plans having been nursing knocks.
A few centuries after the decline of the Harappan civilization, a new culture flourished in the same region and gradually spread across the Ganga-Yamuna plains. This culture came to be known as the Aryan culture. There were significant differences between this culture and the culture which preceded it. Aryans settled on the banks of rivers Indus (Sindhu) and Saraswati (which is now non existent). They composed many hymns in honour of the gods and goddesses they worshipped. These were compiled in four Vedas – the Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda. The word veda means knowledge of the sacred spiritual knowledge. These vedas were considered infallible as they imparted the highest spiritual knowledge. Initially the Vedas were transmitted orally. Since our knowledge of the early Aryans is based on these Vedas, the culture of this period is referred to as the Vedic Culture. Scholars divide the vedic period into the earlier and later Vedic period. The earlier is represented by the Rig Veda while the latter by all other Vedic literature including the Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads. Two epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata and the Puranas, though compiled much later, also throw light on the life and society of an earlier period. For this period archaeological evidence has also been found in some areas of Uttar Pradesh.
Society and religion Though Aryan society was patriarchal, women were treated with dignity and honour. The family was the smallest social unit; several families (kula) made a village (grama) and several villages formed a vis. A number of villages formed a tribe or jana which was ruled by a chief called rajan. His chief function was to protect the tribe from external attack and maintain law and order. He was assisted by the members of two councils called sabha and samiti. The Purohita performed religious functions while the senani looked after military activities. There was no concept of the state or kingdom at this stage. Although the post of Rajan had become hereditary, he could be removed from power if found weak and inefficient or cruel. Towards the later Vedic period, society was divided into four varnas – Brahamanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. This was also called the Varna-Vyavastha. To begin with it denoted categories of people doing different kinds of functions but with the passage of time this division became hereditary and rigid. The teachers were called Brahmans, the ruling class was called Kshatriyas, farmers, merchants and bankers were called Vaishyas while the artisans, craftsmen, labourers were called Shudras. Moving from one occupation to another became difficult. Simultaneously, the Brahmans also occupied a dominant position in the society
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