Types of Computers

Classified of thr electronic computers may be based on either their principles of operation or their configuration. By configuration, we mean the size, speed of doing computation and storage capacity of a computer.

Based on the principles of operation, computers are classified into three types,
🔅Analog computers
🔅Digital computers
🔅Hybrid computers.

🌟Analog Computer is a computing device that works on continuous range of values.
🌟The Analog Computers give approximate results since they deal with quantities that vary continuously.
🌟It generally deals with physical variables such as voltage, pressure, temperature, speed, etc.

🌟On the other hand a digital computer operates on digital data such as numbers .
🌟It uses binary number system in which there are only two digits 0 and 1.
🌟Each one is called a bit.
🌟Tye digital computer is designed using digital circuits in which there are two levels for an input or output signal m
🌟These two levels are known as logic 0 and logic 1.
🌟Digital Computers can give the results with more accuracy and at a faster rate.

🌟since many complex problems in engineering and technology are solved by the application of numerical methods, the electronic digital computer is very well suited for solving such problems.
🌟Hence digital computers have an increasing use in the field of design, research and data processing.

🌟Digital Computers are made for both general purpose and special purpose.
🌟Special purpose computer is one that is built for a specific application.
🌟General purpose computers are used for any type of applications.
🌟It can store different programs and do the jobs as per as the instructions specified on those programs.
🌟Most of the computers that we see fall in this category.

🖥💻Hybrid Computers💻🖥:

🌟A Hybrid Computing system is a combination of desirable features of analog and digital computers.
🌟It is mostly used for automatic operations of complicated physical purposes and machines.
🌟Now-a-days analog -to-digitial and digital-to-analog converters are used for transforming the data into suitable from for either type of computation.

🌟For example, in hospital’s automated intensive care unit, analog devices might measure the patients temperature, blood pressure and other vital signs.
🌟These measurements which are in analog might than be converted into numbers and supplied to digital components in the system.
🌟Thse components are used to monitor the patient’s vital sign and send signals if any abnormal readings are detected.
🌟Hybrid computers are mainly used for specialized tasks.

𝑴𝑬𝑨𝑵𝑰𝑵𝑮 𝑶𝑭 𝑳𝑶𝑽𝑬

“𝐀 𝐓𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 𝐈𝐬 𝐓𝐰𝐨 𝐔𝐧𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐏𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨 𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐔𝐩 𝐄𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐎𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫”

“𝗜 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗬𝗢𝗨” means that I accept you for that person that you are, and that I do not wish to change you into someone else. It means that I will love you and stand by you even through the worst times.It means loving you even you are in bad mood or too tried to do that things I want to do. It means love you when you are down not just when you are fun to be with.𝗜 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗬𝗢𝗨 means that I know your deepest secret.The sound of your voice makes me feel like, sweet songs ringing in my ears and my eyes looking you … Beautiful moment. Love is something that I have always searched for and never found and just when I had given up search I found you.your love made me realised what all I had been truly missing and now that your are mine. I love you from the bottom of heat and the core of my being.

𝑴𝑬𝑨𝑵𝑰𝑵𝑮 𝑶𝑭 𝑳𝑶𝑽𝑬

Transhumanism – saving grace or certain doom?

Imagine, one day you could wake up and have a robotic arm that could fetch you anything that is more than an arms distance away without you having to get up from your bed or that you could have a brain so powerful that you would memorise anything just by glancing over it for a second, imagine..

As one grows older, questions like can humans live forever? Is immortality possible? seem very bogus, however as technologies evolve along with new philosophical ideas that are born, the hypothetical situation that was thought to be impossible, may not seem too far off.

Growing up, watching movies like the matrix or the terminator or avatar where ideas like living forever and enhancement of the human body, made many people wish that the idea of living forever, was not an idea anymore. From ancient times, transhumanism was portrayed from Icarus flying too close to the sun to many others.

From the media to the mythos, the idea of incorporating technology into humans seems plausible. Thus a movement was born, to make all this advancement possible. So the movement that encourages this advancement, is called transhumanism.

According to the, ‘The Transhumanist Reader: Classical and Contemporary Essays on the Science, Technology and Philosophy of the Human Future,’ transhumanism is a scientific and philosophical movement that calls for the improvement of human existence via the advancement and increasing prevalence of advanced technology capable of significantly altering or enhancing human intelligence and physiology. The movement makes use of the scientific knowledge of human anatomy to allow people to transcend their current biological limitations.The fundamental belief of transhumanism will help cross humans biological limitations by augmentations. Human capabilities are enhanced by augmentations like objects, extensions or technologies. Spectacles, footwear and robotic arm are some of the augmentations.

Transhumanism is viewed as an extension of humanism. According to transhumanism, the present phase of homo sapiens can be seen as an intermediate stage on the road to post-human life forms, which can be achieved by modifying ourselves. Transhumanism originated as a philosophical movement that is currently a growing field.

Science and technology are used to enhance or alter body chemistry to stay healthy and be more in control of our lives. We are all transhumanists (people how advocate for transhumanism m to varying degrees. However, some people advocate transhumanism more broadly, where they advocate for mechanical parts in the body to make the biological figure more enhanced.

Inevitable Evolutions: Human-transhuman-post-human –: Homo sapiens have a range of emotions, experiences. Even though humans are considered the most intelligent species to ever exist, humans do face some limitations. Lifespan – Human character is cut short by death. Humans died and their intelligence dies with them. Intellectual capacity- Humans have cognitive limitations etc, are some of the limitations of the human form. Emotions- Sometimes, emotions may be seen as a disadvantage as, imagine you’re in an argument, and suddenly you start crying, it may show signs of weakness.

Transhuman refers to an intermediate form of being between the human and post-human.

Being posthuman entails breaking free from the constraints that characterise the least favourable dimensions of the “human condition.” Disease, ageing, and death will no longer be a problem for posthumans. They will have much more physical capability and morphological independence. These beings may show a certain type of emotion or no emotion. The distinctions between post-human brains can not be as clear as they are between humans.

However, as every coin has two sides, transhumanism along with its pros also has its cons. Some of the most discussed cons of transhumanism are dehumanisation wherein our uniqueness will be lost and everyone will have the same beliefs, immortality though is regarded as a pro, sometimes maybe a con, as due to immortality, overpopulation may be an inevitable problem, as well as the laws of nature and science would be broken. Transhumanism may also lead to a social divide on the already existing divides in the society, it may just make the rich or the people who will be able to pay for augmentations, thus making the rich even more powerful.

However, the situation is quite complex. Before this movement reaches its peak, one should know, if this movement could be our saving grace or our certain doom.

To know more about this movement, the following sources/books can be referred:

The Transhumanist Reader: Classical and Contemporary Essays on the Science, Technology and Philosophy of the Human Future, First Edition. Edited by Max More and Natasha Vita-More. 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transhumanism: A Grimoire of Alchemical Agendas – by Scott D de Hart and Joseph P Farrell.

Transhumanism – saving grace or certain doom?

Transhuman refers to an intermediate form of being between the human and post-human.

However, the situation is quite complex. Before this movement reaches its peak, one should know, if this movement could be our saving grace or our certain doom.

To know more about this movement, the following sources/books can be referred:

The Transhumanist Reader: Classical and Contemporary Essays on the Science, Technology and Philosophy of the Human Future, First Edition. Edited by Max More and Natasha Vita-More. 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transhumanism: A Grimoire of Alchemical Agendas – by Scott D de Hart and Joseph P Farrell.

India at the Olympics

As we all know Tokyo Olympics are scheduled from start from 23rd July to 8th of August.and we all have very high hope and expectations from our players.

Olympic is an international multi-sport event that is organised after every 4 years. The first Olympic was held in 1896 in Athens.it is also considered as festival of sports Each year it is organised in different country. India has so far won just 28 medals since 1900.let us look at the past when journey for Olympics was started for India.

india’s journey to olympics

India sent its first athlete (Norman pritchard) in 1900 to the Olympics . and it took 20 years to send India’s first contingent in 1920 which consists of 5 members( 3 athletes and 2 wrestler). the quantity of players since 1920 only increased. since then India has won 28 medals which includes 9 gold ,7 silver and 12 bronze medals.

The major contribution was made from Hockey. From 1932 to 1980 India won 8 gold medals in hockey that was the golden period of Indian hockey team but after that the quality of hockey in our country decreased. in 2000, karnam Malleswari won a bronze medal and became first Indian woman to win a medal in Olympics. after that last gold medal in 1980, the next gold medal came in 2008 Beijing Olympics when Abhinav Bindra won gold medal in men’s 10-M air rifle event who became first Indian indivisual to win a gold medal in Olympics. in same Olympics VijenderSsingh also won bronze medal and became first Indian boxer to do so.

2012 london olympics was very good for india where 83 members contingent participated in olympics. and india won 6 medals.wrestler Sushil kumar became first indian wrestler to win silver medal in olympics.saina nehwal won bronze medal and became first indian woman to do so.Mary kom won bronze medal in boxing.

after this wonderful performance in 2012 Olympics, expectations were very high in 2016 Rio Olympics but it did not went very well for India .because India sent a records 117 members but we were only able to win 2 medal which included a bronze medal from Sakshi Malik in wrestling and silver medal from PV Sindhu in badminton.it was a very disappointing year for India .But the question arises why India is not able to perform well in Olympics?

if we look at any other country like USA, they won 121 ,medals in Rio Olympics. ,which is 3-4 times what India has managed so far from 1900, despite having a population of 1.3 billion. I do not think population should be considered in this matter. there are many other factors which are responsible for India’s struggle in Olympics.

reasons of India’s struggle in Olympics

Infrastructure of our country

2.proper funding of players

3. lack of awareness and sports should be given more attention and priority.

4.poor rehab facilities and inexperienced coaches.

5. player are cared and given facilities when Olympics approaches but they should get it throughout their preparation to Olympics.

6.cricket is also one of the reasons. India is a cricket loving nation where every 2nd child wants to be a cricketer. i m also a cricket lover, but we should also concentrated and take interest in other sports also. Like Australia and England, they are very good cricketing nation but they are also good in other sports.

The Theatre Experience Vs the OTT Experience

2020 was a year that would be pinpointed in when the story of mankind is told in the future. Right from the Australian bushfires, to oil-spills, flash floods and cyclones. But the one disaster that shook the world into a standstill was the Corona Virus, or Covid-19.

Though the virus itself was formed in 2019, it spread worldwide only in 2020, and by late March – early April, it had succeeded in bringing the entire world to a standstill. And even as it is July 2021, many of the places that had closed down, haven’t opened back up. One such place being movie theatres.

Movie theatres were a prime spot to hangout among teenagers, a place to chill during the weekend for the working adults, and overall in general, a place that everyone looked forward to visit. In 2020, that closed down, and people were confined to their homes. No new content available for quite some time. People began missing the famous “theatre experience”. The big screen, the booming sounds, the chill room, just leaning back and enjoying a fun time with their friends or family. That shut down due to the pandemic.

But as the saying goes, as one door closes, another opens. The pandemic paved way for the Over the Top or OTT platforms, a feature that most parts of India were still not familiar with. The idea that you can watch movies that haven’t even released yet online was something new to the Indians. This was utilized well by the OTT platforms, who did the crucial task of keeping people entertained during the lockdown. The producers of the films were also happy as completed movies, which had to be shelved due to the pandemic could now be released online, and would no longer be a non performing asset for them.

OTT platforms managed to release new movies, and TV shows. In fact, filmmakers started making movies specifically for the OTT medium, as can be seen in movies like Joji or Sara’s. This meant that people could now stream quality content, from their nice and cozy living rooms, maybe even in their pajamas, saving them the trouble of even going to the theatres!

But all this raises the question, was 2020 the end of theatres? Would there be a revival of theatres? Chances are it is not. While OTT films can be viewed from the comforts of one’s homes, theatres stand for something greater than just movies. It’s not just confined to the fact that theatres give an optimum experience of the movies. There is a lot more to it. The interaction in movies, the discussions with your friends or family after the movies, mostly over lunch or dinner at a restaurant, and simply the vibe of going to the cinemas with them, and meeting them in person for something fun. These pleasures transcend the comfort that one gets while watching movies in an OTT forum.

This also does not mean that OTTs would also cease to exist once the theatres reopen. OTTs would still be preferred after a long day of work. All it means is that movies have now become more accessible to everyone, either through theatres or through OTT platforms!

India at the Olympics

As we all know Tokyo Olympics are scheduled from start from 23rd July to 8th of August.and we all have very high hope and expectations from our players.

india’s journey to olympics

reasons of India’s struggle in Olympics

Infrastructure of our country

2.proper funding of players

3. lack of awareness and sports should be given more attention and priority.

4.poor rehab facilities and inexperienced coaches.

5. player are cared and given facilities when Olympics approaches but they should get it throughout their preparation to Olympics.

The Theatre Experience Vs the OTT Experience

BENEFITS OF SANDALWOOD

BENEFITS OF SANDALWOOD FOR SKIN :

1. Helps in Removing Tan:

It is imperative to save yourself from the harmful rays of the sun. The natural oils present in sandalwood help to get rid of a sun tan.

It also helps to soothe a sun burn and has a cooling effect, reducing the redness caused due to a sun burn.

2. Has Anti-inflammatory Properties:

Its anti-inflammatory properties help to any kind of burning sensation caused due to acne or sun burn.

Sandalwood essential oil can be used to treat insect bites or any other skin wounds

3. Acts as an Astringent:

Sandalwood causes coagulation of skin proteins, further protecting your skin from any breakouts, allergies or abrasions.

It brings about minor contractions in your soft tissues of the skin and tightens your pores.

This is precisely why many facial packs and toners use sandalwood as one of their primary ingredients.

4. Used as an Antiseptic:

Sandalwood has antiseptic properties that prevent pimples, acne and sores from developing.

Exposure to dust and dirt can cause bacterial growth on your skin which can further lead to skin problems.

Applying sandalwood powder mixed with milk on your face or the affected area can really help.

5.It removes wrinkles:

Sandalwood oil contains antioxidants that help maintain the buoyancy and structure of the skin cells.

It also reduces dryness and replenishes the moisture in skin, increasing elasticity.

BENEFITS OF SANDALWOOD

BENEFITS OF SANDALWOOD FOR SKIN :

1. Helps in Removing Tan:

It is imperative to save yourself from the harmful rays of the sun. The natural oils present in sandalwood help to get rid of a sun tan.

It also helps to soothe a sun burn and has a cooling effect, reducing the redness caused due to a sun burn.

2. Has Anti-inflammatory Properties:

Its anti-inflammatory properties help to any kind of burning sensation caused due to acne or sun burn.

Sandalwood essential oil can be used to treat insect bites or any other skin wounds

3. Acts as an Astringent:

Sandalwood causes coagulation of skin proteins, further protecting your skin from any breakouts, allergies or abrasions.

It brings about minor contractions in your soft tissues of the skin and tightens your pores.

This is precisely why many facial packs and toners use sandalwood as one of their primary ingredients.

4. Used as an Antiseptic:

Sandalwood has antiseptic properties that prevent pimples, acne and sores from developing.

Exposure to dust and dirt can cause bacterial growth on your skin which can further lead to skin problems.

Applying sandalwood powder mixed with milk on your face or the affected area can really help.

5.It removes wrinkles:

Sandalwood oil contains antioxidants that help maintain the buoyancy and structure of the skin cells.

It also reduces dryness and replenishes the moisture in skin, increasing elasticity.

Star Wars IV : Explained

We have talked about the first three Star Wars movies in the past article, though released later they were the prequels. Episodes IV – VI pick up nearly almost 20 years after episode III where we last saw the twins separated and Anakin become the Sith Lord Darth Vader. The galactic republic is turned into the galactic empire ruled by the Sith lord Darth Sidious also known as Emperor Palpatine. A rebel alliance was formed in the interim period to fight against the tyrannical rule of Sidious, Vader and his forces have decimated the Jedi Order. Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi and Jedi Grand Master Yoda are still in hiding, waiting for the perfect time to strike.

The story starts with the rebel alliance receiving stolen plans, the stolen plans belong to a planet destroying space station known as the Death Star. Princess Leia Organa the senator to Alderran is secretly one of the rebel leaders obtains the stolen plans on her ship. Her ship is intercepted by a Imperial Starship under the command of Anakin Skywalker that gave up his old identity and ways to be the Sith Lord Darth Vader. Leia hides the schematics in a droid R2-D2 before she is captured by Vader. The droid evades capture along with its companion C3-PO by using an escape pod to land on the planet Tatooine.

The two droids are captured by the Jawa traders and sold to moisture farmer Owen and Beeru Lars. Owen tasks his nephew Luke Skywalker with cleaning the droids, Luke discovers the message from Leia directed to General Obi-Wan Kenobi. Luke takes restraints off R2-D2 and C3-PO out of kindness, R2-D2 determined to complete his mission leaves the Skywalker farm. Luke is attacked by the Sand people while he’s looking for R2 and is saved by Ben Kenobi an old hermit that lives in the outskirts.

Luke talks to Ben and it is revealed that Ben Kenobi is indeed Obi-Wan Kenobi. Obi-Wan tells Luke about his life as a Jedi Knight and tells him about his father Anakin. Obi-Wan tells Luke about his father who was a respected Jedi Knight and an accomplished star pilot, he tells Luke that Vader killed Anakin. Obi-Wan decides to deliver R2 to Bail Organa as requested by Leia, Bail is a fellow rebel veteran adoptive father to Leia. Luke initially declines Obi-Wan’s offer to teach him the way of the Force and help the rebels, Luke accepts when he finds his house burned to the ground by Storm Troopers looking for the droids on the orders of Vader.

Luke and Obi-Wan search for a transport to reach Alderran, they end up hiring smuggler Han Solo and his ship the Millennium Falcon. Pursued by the minions of local mobster Jabba The Hut and stormtroopers Obi-Wan, Luke, the droids and solo board the Falcon along with Solo’s co-pilot Chewbacca.

Alderran is destroyed by Death Star Commander Grand Moff Tarkin while interrogating Leia about the rebel base. The Falcon unaware of the destruction travel to Alderran and is captured by the Death Stars tractor beam. Obi-Wan sneaks his way to stop the death stars tractor beam and asks the others to stay put. Luke convinces Solo and Chewie to help him rescue Leia who is about to be executed by Tarkin. After disabling the tractor beam Obi-Wan fight his former student and sacrifices his life to allow the others to escape the death star. Unbeknownst to the group, The falcon is tracked by the Death star to the rebel base of Yavin 4.

The schematics of the Death star reveal a weakness, an exhaust port that can be used to destroy the entire space station. Luke joins in the squadron of X-Wing pilots on an attack against the slowly approaching Death star. The rebels face heavy losses against the Death star but Solo who left after collecting his reward comes back to assist the rebels. Solo knocks Vader’s TIE Fighter off course before he could shoot Luke, Luke using this opportunity uses the force to guide the missiles to the vulnerable exhaust port. The Death star is destroyed at the last minute and the rebels celebrate their victory. Solo and Luke are awarded medals for their bravery against the Imperials.

We will pick up the next chapter soon so stay tuned. Until then may the Force be with you.

Star Wars IV : Explained

We will pick up the next chapter soon so stay tuned. Until then may the Force be with you.

THE CONTINUATION ( MAHABHARAT)

LAKSHAGRAHA (the lac house)

After the deaths of Pandu and Madri the Pandavas with their mother Kunti return back to the Hastinapur palace. Yudhishthira is Crowned Prince of Hastinapur by Dhritarashtra.But Dhritarashtra also wanted his son Duryodhana to crowned as the king of Hastinapur.

Uncle Shakuni, Duryodhana, and Dushasana plan to get rid of the Padu’s Son the Pandavas. Shakuni ask architect Purochana to build the palace which can catch fire easily. He then requests for the Pandavas and Mother Kunti to stay there and plan to set it alight. However, after all this incident set by the Shakuni, Duryodhana and Dushasana the Pandavas escape with the help of their wise uncle,Vidur. They escaped to safety and go into hiding. During this time one of the Pandava’s brother Bhima marries Hidimbi who was a demon, and they had a child son named Ghatotkacha. And in Hastinapur, the Pandavas and Kunti were declared to dead.

DRAUPATI’S MARRIAGE

During the period when the Pandavas was hiding, got to find the swayamvara of the princess of Pancala Draupati. The Pandavas witness the event being as bharmhin. Meanwhile, Krishna and Draupati became good fridends, and tells her to look out for Arjuna (which was considered to be dead). The competion was shoot a target on the ceiling, on the eye of a moving artificial fish while looking at the reflection of the fish in oil below., Karna proceeds to the attempt but by Draupadi refuses to marry a. After all this the swayamvara got opened to all the Brahmins hence the Arjuna wins the competion and marries Draupadi. The Pandavas return home and Arjuna inform their mother about what he have won in the copetion and what they have got after winning the competion. Without even looking at anyone, Kunti asks them to share whatever Arjuna has won among all five brother. Thus, Draupadi ends up being marrying and being wife of all five brothes.

INDRAPRASTHA

After being married, the Pandava werecalled up in the Hastinapura. The Kuru family didn’t liked that the Pandavas got married to one lady at a time hence his made all five brother and Draupati to leave the kindom and led them to build their own kingdom at Indraprastha.

Soon after this, Arjuna seceratly marries Krishna’s sister, Subhadra.

As times passed the Pandavas built their new palace for them, They also invite their Kaurava cousins to Indraprastha, Duryodhan seeing a pond and assumes it will not have any water in it and falls in. All Pandava brothers (except Yudhishthira) everyone laughed at him including Draupadi. Furious by the insult, and jealous at seeing the wealth of the Pandavas, Duryodhana decides to arrange a dice-game as suggested by Shakuni.

THE GAME OF DICE

Shakuni, Kaurava’s uncle, arranges a dice game,played against Pandavas elder brother Yudhishthira. In the game of dice, Yudhishthira loses all his wealth, then his kingdom. And then he also gambles his brothers, himself, and finally his wife Draupati. The Kauravas then get chance to take their revenge for Duryodhan’s insult and this leads to disrobe Draupadi in front of the entire court, but this disrobe is prevented by Krishna, who magically made her saree endless, therefore it couldn’t be removed.

After all Duryodhana says there is no place for two crown princes in Hastinapura. Hence Dhritarashtra orders for another game of dice. After the second game of dice now the Pandavas are required to go into exile for 12 years, and in the 13th year, they must remain hidden. And if they were seen by any kaurava in their 13^th year of exile, then they again have to go for 12 year of exile.

THE KURUKSHETRA BATTLE.

Soon after the completion of 13 years of exile, the Pandavas return back to Hastinapur.

The battle took place because of the disrespect of the Draupati in the court during dice game.She wanted not to repeat this injustice and torture to any other women in the Hastinapur.Hence lord Krishna was always with the Panadav and guided them during the war. The war was of 18 days. At the end of the 18-day battle, only the Pandavas,Yuyutsu, Ashwatthama and Krishna survive. Yudhisthir becomes King of Hastinapur and Gandhari curses Krishna that he will also face the same situation as she faced.

THE END