LINKAGE

We all have studied in our junior standards about cell. Cell is the the structural and functional unit of life, from them the origin of life takes place. The cell contains a nucleus which contains th genetic material for the survival of the organism DNA. DNA contains the chromosomes. There are .any several genes present on the chromosomes. As the chromosomes are the carriers of heredity they have the tendency to be inherited together, such genes are called linked genes. The tendency of two or more genes present on the same chromosomes that are inherited together is known as linkage. This phenomenon was discovered in plants by Bateson and Punnett and in animals by T.H. Morgan.

MORGAN EXPERIMENT

Morgan used Drosophila melanogaster for his experiments. He carried out many dihybrid cross experiment on drosophila melanogaster to study genes that are sex linked; for example, he and his group crossed yellow-bodied, white eyed female to the wild type with brown-bodied, red eyed males and intercrossed their F1 progeny. He observed that the two genes did not segregate independently of each other and F2 ratio deviated very significantly from 9:3:3:1 ratio. Morgan and his group knew that the genes are located on X chromosome and stated that when when two genes in a dihybrid cross are situated on the same chromosomes then the proportion of the parental combination is much higher than non parental type. This occurs due to physical association or linkage of the two genes, he also found out when genes are grouped on the same chromosomes some genes are strongly linked and some are loosely linked.

COMPLETE LINKAGE

The linked genes which are closely located on the chromosome do not separate and inherited together are called completely linked genes and the inheritance is called complete linkage.

INCOMPLETE LINKAGE

When the linked genes which are loosely located on the same chromosome and have chances of seperation by crossing over are called as incompletely linked and their inheritance is called as incomplete linkage.

How to Market on Instagram

**Why use Instagram for Marketing**

Instagram is the second largest social media network after Facebook. Instagram is basically built almost entirely sharing images and videos. It has around 1.386 billion active monthly users worldwide. And the average of 53 minutes per day/per user. 45% of the users are aged around 18 to 44. This is one of the main reason to use Instagram for Marketing or Marketing on Instagram as it has a lot of traffic that will create a big opportunity for you.

**How to Market on Instagram**
**List down are some ways or steps to get on marketing with Instagram**
**Create Instagram Business Account**

The first to market on Instagram is to make a Business account it gives you access to extra features of Instagram like Instagram Insights, Instagram ads, Instagram Shopping, Primary and secondary messaging inboxes, Contact information and a call-to-action button on your profile.

Instagram marketing is a different thing to different marketer. But for a basic need to create a good Instagram market you should- Create a web presence for your business, Increase brand awareness, Get new leads, Establish your brand as an industry leader, Sell products directly from the app.

**Know Your Target Audience**

Know your target audience its the most important thing to reach out the people who can buy your product for example you company sells perfume so your target audience. Target audience depends on different factors like age, gender, income, geographical area & standard of living.

**Optimize your Instagram Account**

Then Optimize your Instagram Account i.e. compelling bio, attractive username with profile picture, connecting your Instagram account with your website, business category that tells people what you’re all about without using up bio characters, contact info to tell people where to find you, call-to-action buttons a way for users to interact with you directly from your profile page. Basically your local business did not seems to be local

Also you must follow industry relevant accounts search about your work related companies, brands & media that are already using Instagram and follow them and react on their post by like & commenting upon them. These account might follow back and you can get your initial audience.

**#Hashtags**

Using Hashtags it is one of the most best thing to increase our reach. many people use #tags to find new people to follow. Each day, hundreds of hashtags are created and shared on Instagram, even the big media houses use hashtags on their channel to attract the audiences so the power of hashtags is too much powerful.

**Visual Content**

Create visually compelling content, your posts have simply need to look attractive. Your photos and videos do got to be sharp, well-lit &composed and focused. More importantly, your content must be compelling, if they don’t tell a story, or get viewers excited, they’re not getting to engage followers. some of the few ideas are Behind-the-scenes posts, Quotes, text-based& motivational images, Instructional posts, Videos, Reels.

**Establish Your Own Brand Look**

Establish a brand look on Instagram use same color tone on your post or try to make frames and set a theme of colors. Strat campaign for example start a collaboration with your industry experts talk them using Instagram live it will boost your account reach. Create your Instagram filters.

Expand your audience with creating Instagram shop and Instagram Ads based upon your target audience. The most effective thanks to improve your results is to find out from what you’ve already done

Top Five Side Hustle For Student

How to earn money while your student?

Yes, you can earn up to $500 a day for your work. In fact ,many students would be wonder if it’s even possible .To get started, here are five verified side hustles.

1)SELLING COURSES AND EBOOOKS

WISE PEOPLE ARE HUNGRY FOR EDUCATION.DON’T BE AFRAID TO SHARE WHAT YOU KNOW

You can earn cash for the courses, eBooks on the online. As the world is developing with mobile phones, desktop you can built a course, eBooks in online and sell it through many websites. The selling courses may helping hand in financially and mastery in the field. If you are beginner , fell free to learn and acquire knowledge from online websites which may help you make extra money. Selling online course can be moneymaking if you’re skilled to handover great content and built traffic. With the online platform , you can vend your course and start making money right away.

Here are some tips to write for selling :

Choose a topic wisely
Be a learner and researcher on the topic
prepare the key phrase
Develop SEO knowledge.

2)BECOME A ONLINE TUTOR:

Some of us have hobbies to teach anything in the simple way. This hobby may help in the online world to make some money. Tutoring isn’t only a good paying side hustle for students, it can also bonus for full-time professions. Being tutoring may boost your knowledge , confidence and productivity. Many expects are using tutoring as the side income. Many of us have knowledge in some particular field but we are not sharing or tutoring to others .If you have knowledge in the particular field fell free to learn and master it. Online tutoring is one of the profitable business. It can improve learning outcome.

Here are few steps to guide to become an online tutor:

Choose your knowledgeable topic
Choose some online platform
Join e-learning platform
Place the course model.

3)RUN PAGES ON INSTAGRAM

Many student are having Instagram pages but there are some students earning money by using Instagram Business page. Recent survey shows that eighty percent of student are using Instagram only for entertainment. So be wise with online world whether you are time passer or money maker.

BE SMART, WORK SMART

Here are some maitaining strategy to build instagram pages

Organize your content strategy
Use popular Hashtags
Connect with influencers
Be a motivator, activist

4)START ONLINE STORE

The most valuable things in the world is process of selling anything. You can start your selling through online or offline. There are many online selling platform which useful for you.

SELL THE PROBLEM TO SOLVE NOT THE PROCESS

Here are some simlpe steps to start online store :

choose a idiomatic Name
Make website address to sell online
Use an e-commerce platform
Spread the website
Proceed your special selling proposition

5) INVEST IN STOCK MARKET

BUY LOW, SELL HIGH

According to the recent survey , only three percent of Indian population are investing in the stock market. The stock market is the only and easy way to build wealth. Many is the only and easy way to build wealth. Many student are think that stock marker is the rich’s game. But in reality, even hundred rupees is enough to earn money in the stock market. It is safe to invest in stock market , however as an investor, one must research and plan accordingly.

https://groww.in/?utm_campaign=refe&utm_ref_code=sibi13656316&utm_source=web&utm_medium=referral&_branch_match_id=954317150051404591

Here are some ways to earn money in stock market

Learn stock trading
Do research on the stock or company \
Be patience
Learn everyday
Never play with money with emotions influence.

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Here are some tips to write for selling :

Here are few steps to guide to become an online tutor:

Here are some maitaining strategy to build instagram pages

Here are some simlpe steps to start online store :

Here are some ways to earn money in stock market

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