In some parts of India, menstruation is considered as a unholy thing and the girl or woman who menstruates is often kept seperately for the time being. When her period will be gone, she can come in the house and chat with her family but at the time of the menstruation she is not allowed to come in the house. She is not even allowed to enter the kitchen and cook for herself or anybody. Basically, she is given a room differently where she have to cook, wash and do all her chores in a particular area. Sometimes, this room is located outside the house where there is no amenity present. And the regret which follows for a girl is that she can’t even complain because the people who are giving her this kind of treatment are none other than her own family. She has no choice to accept or reject it. She has to follow what her family orders and instructs.

When a girl or woman menstruates, there are lot of hormonal changes in her body. Sometimes, that hormonal changes even lead to very painful periods and heavy flow of blood. The breasts are stored, cramps occur, backache, mood swings, pain in the stomach and many more. It lead to a lot of things which cannot be put into the words. But all this while they are left alone to handle and take care of themselves. They are not given any assistance or support regarding that which sometimes deepen the problem.

Also, when they live outside the house all alone, there is no security given. The family believe that no one will come to them but according to the reports published, crimes do take place when girls and women reside outside the house during their menstrual cycle. The main reason behind the crimes which happen is that when they menstruates, no one pays a visit to them. At that time they become vulnerable. Then there comes the sick- minded people who want to take the advantage of both the situation and of the woman. For them, it is their golden opportunity to grab a woman and do whatever comes in their mind. As a result, women are often molestated and raped. There is no one to protect them in that situation.

This happens in the parts of rural India where the old culture and idealogy still prevails and due to the lack of education, people are adamant to change any of their ritual in this respect as well as in all the other respects. They do not want to change themselves. And because of this nature only, people residing there become backward in thinking and menatality. They tend to take the society backwards.

Lastly, I would like to conclude with my opinion that education is very important in changing the mentality of the individuals. Without that they will never understand that the rituals they follow and idealogies adopt are something which will ruin the society in the coming future if not changed. They will become the hurdle in the development of the country. Also, there is a need to recognise that these traditions are old enough and it needs to be scrapped as early as possible. Menstruation and menstruating women should not be considered as unhold. Now, the mentality should be changed.

If there’s one thing that all the world’s various cultures have in common, it is marriage. Beliefs, diets and languages vary greatly, but the desire people have to share their lives with another seems universal. Why then, is marriage so popular?

Marriage is the most important institution of human society. It has been the backbone of human civilisation.It is a universal phenomenon. Psychologists have said that people have a deep need for emotional security which marriage provides. Knowing that one has a partner in life makes it easier to cope with the problems of daily life. On the other hand, the fact that many single people are content to live alone suggests that the “emotional need” theory is incomplete.

Human Beings have certain urges like hungers, thirst and sex. Society works out certain rules and regulation for satisfaction of these urges. The rules and regulations which deal with regulation of sex life of human beings are dealt in the marriage institution. We can say that the marriage is as old as the institution of family. Both these institutions are vital for the society. Family depends upon the Marriage. Marriage regulates sex life of human beings.

FUNCTIONS OF MARRIAGE:

Marriage is an institutionalised relationship within the family system. It fulfils many functions attributed to the family in general. Family functions include basic personality formation, Status ascriptions, socialisation, tension management and replacement of members, economic cooperation, reproduction, stabilisation of adults, and the like.

Many of these functions, while not requiring marriage for their fulfilment are enhanced by the marital system. In fact, evidence suggests that marriage is of great significance for the well-being of the individual. Researches suggest that in comparison to unmarried people, married people are found to be more happier, healthier, less disturbed and less depressed and less prone to premature deaths. Marriage, rather than becoming less important or unimportant maybe increasingly indispensable.

SOCIETY’S UNDERSTANDING:

A marriage in our society is perceived as a mere ritual to bring two families together. I don’t see it as a tradition that meeds to be followed just for the sake of it. You might not agree with the way I see this beautiful bond of two souls but I think the meaning of marriage is much greater than what the society tries to define it. Marriage isn’t a social or traditional compulsion. Two people decide to spend their lives together. They don’t enter into an agreement of compromise. Yes, there are times when we need to make some sacrifices for our loved ones but it shouldn’t be taken for granted which in todays society is quite common.If there has to be a lifetime commitment between two people there could be no commitment greater than the commitment of love.

Only Love, respect and compassion for each other can keep a relationship alive. If a marriage relationship continues without these three elements, it becomes a burden for a lifetime and a relationship of mutual benefits. A marriage in our society is considered as a means of generation survival. The old perspectives and traditions followed for years don’t let the meaning of marriage grow out of its restricted bindings. While some families feel the excruciating pain of seeing away their daughters away forever, for some families it means nothing more than a well renowned tradition that is supposed to be followed at a certain point of time. In our society nobody thinks about the two people who have to spend the rest of their lives together. A marriage can’t just remain to be a simple mechanism of complying with some conventional ceremonies.

Money spent as marriage expenses is still perceived a s a status symbol in our society. It’s disgusting to even think that this occasion is judged as a status symbol when its actually a moment of purity and a new beginning for two souls.

CONCLUSION:

Our society and family should think from the perspective of the newly married couple rather than being too self centered, demanding and enforcing financial burdens in the name of traditional values because at the end its just about the two people to choose to spend the rest of their lives with each other with the commitment of forever respecting, loving and being compassionate towards each other.

Ever imagined that why the equation among the family members are changing? If yes, then what are the reasons for that?

To begin with, now the family relationships are not the same as it had been 15-20 years ago. Now, the families no more sits together to dine, watch movies, go on a vacation and attend function. The lives have become very private. The camaraderie and the chemistry is now changing and it’s not only for one or two families, it applies to almost 90% of the families living in the society. If taken a survey, the statistics may even go up because this is today’s reality. The truth which now people accept but does not think to amend it.

To amend it, first the root cause should be identified that why this particular change has happened. What is the reason behind all this? And the biggest question which takes place in the mind is, are the families happy with the change occurring in their lives? So the answer should be taking everything into the consideration, all the aspects affecting in one or the other way and then giving a conclusion because if even one aspect is missed, the answer wouldn’t be wholly correct.

The principle and foremost reason to be indentified here is the busy and hectic schedule of the people nowadays which does not give them time to even relax forget the vacation with the families. They are so busy in their career, job, lives that taking out time for the dear and loved ones is also a big task. There is no spare time left for anyone after working so hard day and night.

Another reason is that now people have become more private. They want now more freedom and their own space to live. They want to do everything as they wish and don’t want anyone’s presence in it. Even if the immediate family members try to give a piece of advice, they are angry. They think they are capable to handle their lives and does not need anyone’s instruction or order. They will live a life on their own terms and conditions. Solely on their own discretion.

In the above two reasons which is presented, it can be seen that in one problem consent of the person is not present whereas in one reason consent of the person is present in distancing himself with the family members but the common thread which lies in both the reason is the fact that now lives have become fast. It moves at a very fast pace. In reason one, people have become busy because now there is so much competition and no one wants to be left behind. In reason two, the fast moving life made the individuals search for freedom and their own space.

Now the next question which comes in accordance to that is, Are they happy with this? So, the answer is yes. They are happy like this. Earlier, the people felt relaxation when they meet their loved and dear ones but now one-hour of even playing a video game will give them the same amount of happiness which their meet-up would give. They are happy with that also. No need for meeting the family and the other relationships just for the happiness.

Lastly, I would like to conclude with my opinion that maybe now, individuals does not realize the importance of family and the relationships in their lives but it is important. Times are changed but the significance and place of family is same. It should be cherished further with time and love because this will be only left with us at the end of our life. No video game will come to our rescue when we will cry. So, the relationships should be nurtured with them rather than keeping them at the bay.

Before we begin to understand the phrase ‘Satisfaction Doubles the Happiness’, it is very important to know the context in which the above words will be used in the article as different perception and presentation of the word will only give birth to the ambiguity in understanding and dilemma of result. So, it would be wise to know the meaning in which it is used in paragraph rather than only its literal meaning.

Satisfaction. The literal meaning of satisfaction is fulfillment of one’s wishes, expectations, needs or the pleasure derived from this. Similar to Contentment. Here, in this article it means the acceptance. Whatever the outcome or result comes in front of us, we are able to accept that and satisfied with it. There should be no room for confusion and regret.

Happiness. The literal meaning of happiness is the state of being happy. It refers to that state where the person is feeling pleasure and delighted. In this article, it is used as an abstract feeling which comes from not materialistic things and depend on it. It is an emotion.

Coming to the main article, What does it mean by satisfaction doubles happiness? It means the acceptance of things and situations which leads to being happy. It will be better understood if presented and explained with an example. Suppose a person wants to become the CEO of a multinational company so that he can earn more money, respect, recognition and much more. He wants that position by hook or crook no matter what. So, he starts working hard day and night for it. He puts in so much efforts to achieve that one single position. Did everything in his capacity to rise to that position but his hard luck. After all that efforts and labor he is not able to achieve that position and what next follows is insatiable state where he blames himself. He is not happy. He is not satisfied. In that situation, the individual should realize the fact that he did everything which was in his hands and if after that also, he doesn’t get that, it means that it is not meant for him. He should accept it and move on rather than stuck on the same page of life. He should be satisfied and grateful for all that he has rather than feeling insatiable and discomfort for all that he doesn’t have. He should be happy and move on from that chapter of the life. He should not let his happiness depend on materialistic things. It is difficult but not that impossible. If a person tries to do that, he will definitely be able to do it.

Lastly, I would like to conclude with my opinion that if a person will remain unhappy, he will miss on a lot of opportunities in the future because when he is not feeling good, how will he be able to concentrate and focus on new things? How will he look for new paths and gateways which are opened for him? The person has to forget and grab new things in life and at the end that’s what will make them happy. A happy heart. Therefore, the habit of being satisfied and able to accept things in life will only double the prevailing happiness.

Ever wondered or thought about the existence of the religion in our society? Whether it unites us or parts us? Does it create the feeling of solidarity or separation? Whether it gives us we-feeling or feeling of discord? The questions are unlimited but there is no definite and particular answer to be given. It follows various logics and arguments and there is no supreme authority which can say that yes, this argument is right or no, this argument is wrong. The reason lies in the question only that it talks about religion and religion is something which is directly related to the sentiments and the feeling of the people and no one is ready to take up against somebody’s sentiments or feelings. It will disturb the peace and harmony of the society if any attack is done against the religious feeling s of the people.

To come to any conclusion, it is very important to first analyze the whole existence and it’s emergence. It is not something which has emerged some 50-100 years ago. The archaeological evidence shows that it dates back some hundred thousand years ago to the middle and lower paleolithic period. So, the question which arises in accordance to that, Is there is only one religion or many? The answer is that there are many but its years of existence is not the same. Hindu religion started somewhere between 2300 B.C and 1500 B.C in the Indus Valley whereas Islam dates back to the 7th century, making it the youngest of the major world religions. Like that, Christianity began in the 1st century in the roman province of judea. There are many more.

The basic question which then arises is if one religion was present then what was the need to take up a new religion? So, the answer would be that though religions were present but some people did not agree or accept the practices and ideologies of a particular religion. They felt the need to amend some things in which some old is scrapped and some new is added. In this order, things happened and now, there are many religions present in the society to look up to.

Coming back to the first question of our article, Whether it unites or parts us from each other? Whether it creates a feeling of unity and solidarity or feeling of discord and separation? The answer is partially yes and partially no. It is yes because whatever the religion is of a person, the common thread which lies in everyone is the humanity. Before adopting any religion, the person is first a human being and that cannot be lost with the coming of anything. The common brotherhood and sisterhood among the humans will always be present in the society and bind its people. The mankind will continue to grow like this.

But when we say no, there is also a reason present. The reason is related to the religion’s emergence only. There was some kind of differences between people only which led to the birth of new religion. This means that people are not similar. Their way of thought and mentality varies from person to person. When one agrees with something and the another one does not agree with that, it is obvious that a sense of discomfort will take place. New thinking will be born among people and that will make them different from each other. So, the expectation of unity among different people will be very challenging because human beings are the ones which have their tolerance level very low. If someone is different from them in the thinking and mentality, they are not unable to cooperate with them.

Lastly, I want to conclude with my opinion that after all the differences present, we need to respect that. This respect is a mutual thing and it can be seen among people. That is why, there is still unity present in the diversity.

Some 20-30 years ago, taking contraceptive pills or birth control pills to control the pregnancy which can be said as unwanted pregnancy was not very common in India. It was not in the culture as people say but the actual reason was that people were not aware of the medical drugs and medicine which could be used for the purpose of various things. They were simply not aware of a medical drug that can be used to prevent the women’s body to produce an egg, which means that there was nothing for the sperm to fertilize and pregnancy cannot occur. The reason behind this is the literacy factor. The group who has to use it are not that literate enough to even know that such a thing exists and the the group who are literate does not have a need to use it. They consider it as something useless. As a result, there were so many unwanted pregnancies. People had so many children.

But Nowadays, it is very common to use contraceptive pills or birth control pills to control the unwanted pregnancy. It is used when the couple is not ready to have a child. The reason behind this that now the women, the group which uses it are now educated and literate. They know about the market, latest technology and the developments which are happening in various fields. That is why they are aware of the medicines that can be used for various purposes.

To be specific, there are two main types of birth control pills:
1) Combination pills which contain estrogen and progestin which is further synthetic form of the natural hormone progestrone.
2) Mini pills which contains progestin only.
But where they really lack is that inducement of any artificial or outer product in the body cause changes. And everything has some good thing as well as some bad thing to offer. If some product is offering some kind of benefits then there is a very strong posibility that it will have some side effects too. It will cause some or the other thing to our body. It’s normal mechanism will be ditsurbed in the process.

Same thing happens in the case of contraceptive pills or birth control pills. It costs a women body in various ways:
1) Spotting- Abnormal Bleeding from the uterus hat can occur in between the periods, may also occur every few weeks and the flow may also be heavier than usual.
2) Nausea- A sickness feeling with an inclination to vomit.
3) Breast Tenderness- It can be said as throbbing or tightness in the breast tissue which cause pain. It may be constant or may occur occasionally.
4( Headaches- A continuous pain in the head.

Apart from all these, it causes irregular or painful heavy periods, endometriosis, acne and premenstrual syndrome.

Lastly, I want to conclude with my opinion that with benefits, contraceptive pills has some major side-effects too. It disturbs the normal functioning of the body directly attributed to the intake of a medical drug to prevent something from producing. It affects the body adversely. So, the intake should not be very much and if taken, it should always be consulted with the gynaecologist. If the doctor advises, then only it should be taken but that also not very often.

 The  Ministry of Education is deliberating on measures to increase the number of international students coming to India for higher studies. In a review meeting of the Ministry’s Study in India Programme with partner institutions yesterday, Secretary Higher Education Shri Amit Khare said that the criteria for institutions partnering under the programme will soon be revised so that more institutions that have the necessary infrastructure  and academic quality  can join the programme.  He also said that no distinction will be made between private and public institutions in matters of supporting internationalization.

Study in India is a programme of the Govt of India that aims to attract international students to higher education institutions in India .  Select 117 institutions are partners under the programme that was launched in 2018. Admissions are merit based and done through a common portal. Around 7500 students from over 50 countries have come to Indian institutions so far under this programme.

The Government has also recognized the  importance of creating a conducive, on- campus ecosystem for the international students, where they not only get quality academic inputs but can also feel safe, welcome, happy and hassle free. In this regard the Secretary called upon all partner institutions to set up world class hostels for international students. There is a provision for financial assistance for this under the Champion Services Sector Scheme that supports SII, which can be provided to some

institutions . In addition, there is an urgent requirement of setting up International Students’ Offices in every institution that takes in international students. This office should work as a single window support for anything that the international students may need, right from the day they get selected to join the institution. Besides this, avenues like networks of families, mentors etc should be developed, who can help the students to socialize so that they feel welcome in the country and have an enjoyable stay here, with memories that they can cherish, and positive experience to share with others.

In addition to this, the Ministry has also asked institutions that they should consider organizing orientation for international students when they join, as well as orientation for the faculty to sensitize them to  teach using contexts that these students can relate to.

The Ministry is also looking towards enhanced academic collaborations between Indian and international institutions under Twinning, Joint and Dual degrees with credit transfer mechanism. UGC has already brought out draft regulations in this regard that have currently been put up for stakeholder consultation. There regulations will give a boost to student exchange programmes and short programmes of one or two  semesters .

The Ministry has plans to take up the issue of allowing internship for international students with the concerned department of the Government. Many of the partner institutions pointed out that the absence of internship for international students was a big drawback for any programme of higher studies in India. The Ministry will iron out other issues of concern for international students, for example visa issues.