I totally agree with the statement that media act as a objective information provider as in the age of technology it’s very easy to have a connection with the world and that is possible only with the help of media that in the busy life of people media act as a informer it’s very easy to read news articles or any sensation going on with the help of our phones laptops newspaper etc The concept of media has reached to its new sensation there are different forms of media available now a days which is very easy access for example. 1.Facebook- Facebook is world’s largest social media network more than 1.55 billion people are monthly active users of Facebook. It helps you to exchange messages as well as update your photos and profile including updates of latest news and information and different advertisement of the brand pages are also included in this tool. 2.Blogging- These platforms help you how to make your writing a voice for the nation where you can discuss your ideas or show your opinion in favor or against of any specific topics for discussion. 3.Twitter- It is a platform which allows blogging and to stay connected with different updates of the world 4.Instagram- One of the famous app of this generation has to be Instagram which allows you to update your pictures with filters and frames as well as share your ideas for different social networking sites and issues in the world. 5.YouTube- It allows you to put creative content on the media platforms with a significant message which device helps people to understand things more clearly with the help of visual aids, characters and more added to it. Media acts as a catalyst for our democratic society and helps in development as it is said to be the “FOURTH PILLAR OF COUNTRY”, helping to make public participation meaningful. If media is honest and committed in its job, democracy is bound to function more efficiently. On the topic if media is biased, corrupt and favours only a particular party or few individuals, it can prove to be very dangerous for the smooth functioning of democracy. Media is one of the part and parcels of everyone’s life it helps people to get updated with the things going around the world. There are a lot of examples where media act as an information provider Media’s role during election:- Media access and covers elections for judging whether elections are fair. During election period media increasingly Practises a combination of statistical analysis and the techniques of media studies to measure media’s roles in an election. Media ensures democratic electoral processes like: 1. Media as transparency. 2. Media as public educator. 3. Media as open firm for debate and discussion/ public voice. It acts an intermediate between government and people which makes them aware about each other. It is one of the best ways to spread awareness on any political views ,issues and problems and helps the public in exercising their rights. It helps in exercising the freedom of speech. It covers the protest for different movements to answer the right and wrong like “BETI BACHAO BETI PADHAO” , `AATMNIRBHAR BHART’ ‘ Let’s talk about the second example India act as a information provider media’s role during covid-19:- When lockdown was imposed suddenly in the country , it created a havoc among the wage workers who were living far away from their home as they had to travel long miles walking as no transportation Facilities were available because of the lockdown. Here, media played a crucial role in covering the painful scenario of these wage workers as a result of which many people came forward to help these needy people reach their homes safely. But it is not true that always media acts as an information provider sometime media goes bias with their opinion which is the problem we were facing during the hathras case which I have mentioned below:- Recently, there was a case from Hathras, Uttar Pradesh where a teenager girl was raped there was no such high coverage for this news . Here, media acted ignorant and they were more distracted Towards the SSR case i.e. ”news for sale or news for TRP rather than news for awareness or news for justice”. But living in the age of internet media’s toil was taken by social media where people By their posts and tweets raised their voices for justice. The disadvantages of the media include a risk of inaccurate reporting and a loss of privacy. Sometime, in a rush to be the first to break a story, the media puts out incorrect or inaccurate information. Media is acting biased and ignorant whenever there is a coverage against the government. Nowadays, truth is overshadowed by the TRP of the news channels. Media are now more focused towards the news for sale than news for awareness. There are various positive feature of media we develop lots of ideas and knowledge it benefits us in a lot of waves with the magnification source of education in just seconds. It made communication easier distance are not a limitation now with the help of this it makes interaction very ease compared to other platforms. Another in advantage that it provides a platform for young aspiring artists to showcase their skills and talents. It provides possibilities of employment Serves Company who want to promote their trademarks. It is known as the hub of information; you can get all information throughout the world with just a snap. Having such a huge advantage social media has also lead to one of the most dangerous element of the society the use of social media control the whole aspect of your life it makes you isolated drives children as a victim of social anxiety the addiction of social media is very common in youth they cross any extremities to be recognized in these digital platforms they follow all the hypes and trends just to make them self-fit in the media world. Fake news disturbs the mind of the civilians people get obsessed with the media tools and become the victim of this hy The sensation of latest new trend of mass communication has both loss and gain it helps to create good knowledge skills but at the same time are dangerous for the youth to follow any hype to be fit it is easiest way of communication but one of the largest platforms to spread rumors and fake news. Things come down to, it is your choice to make it work as the benefited form of hub of knowledge or to get wrapped in the dark side of this world. As an informer it should supply information in true and unbiased form and let the public choose, what may be right in their interest. Media makes us aware of various social, political and economical activity happening around the world. It plays a crucial role in shaping a healthy democracy. It is like a mirror which shows us or strive to show us the bare truth and harsh realities. It is the backbone of democracy. No one can become perfect but the media can rise upon the aspirations of the people for which it is primarily meant.

Three years down the lane Ashok at this time was busy getting ready to college, he closed the doors dusted his bicycle and was about to leave but he sensed something missing thought for a while and left without further ado and while on his way he realized he left his face-mask at his room but that didn’t bother him much and he felt relieved after realizing the thing he was missing and he reached his college on time and yes who could have gone back home just for a mask and be late for his English classes. Ofcourse no one.

Today,Ashok was going to the market for purchasing his usual fruits and vegetables,he took a clothbag, closed the door ,dusted his bicycle and was about to leave when he sensed something missing, the watch as usual was on his wrist, mobile as usual in the pocket, clothbag in the handle but still something was missing.He closed the gates being absorbed in that thought but when he saw his neighbour, he left his bicycle on the road and ran into his house, opened his door, took his face-mask and kept the sanitizer in his pocket and now he felt relieved not just of the thought that clouded his mind but of his, his family and his neighbourhood being safe.

 CORONAVIRUS-WHOM DOES IT AFFECT THE MOST THE RICH OR THE POOR ?

It was Wuhan Institute of Virology from where the Virus leaked but who in this world is affected the most?
You would have heard people say that Corona doesn’t differentiate between rich and poor and Yes you have heard that right it’s both that can be prone to it.
But how can you be prone to something if you evade it, yes that’s what the uber-rich or the multi-millionaires of India did, they escaped from the harrowing situation during the Second wave of Covid. No, I would be happy that they had an option to fly to distant part of the world and save them and their bosom ones when their own people were suffocating ,were gasping with low levels of oxygen. The country saw them leaving in masks and shield who were only to return when the situation would be suitable for them through their “private jets.”They evaded so they are not at risk from this deadly mutants.

Next comes the ones who are a little less rich, the upper class and the upper middle class people who are shamefully and utter negligently crowding in the hilly areas when our country is recovering from the second wave but on the gateway to the third one. If memory is what we are blessed with, then the ones now gathered at the top seem to be devoid of it. They seek respite not in villages with poor offering help but with buddies in Hills getting a life. They are the ones that are privileged, they are the ones who saw funeral pyres on television and social media sites but they neglect the truth.

The middle class and the poor suffered the most neither could they escape from this country neither could they relax after the second wave in hill stations. They lost their jobs, returned home empty-handed to their wives and children doing with just savings.

It’s just a rhetoric to say that Virus doesn’t differentiate between rich and poor. Reality is that the rich have an option and poor ones don’t.

National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) is the leading stock exchange of India, located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is under the ownership of Some leading financial institutions, Banks, and Insurance companies. NSE was established in 1992 as the first dematerialized electronic exchange in the country. NSE was the first exchange in the country to provide a modern, fully automated screen-based electronic trading system that offered easy trading facilities to investors spread across the length and breadth of the country. Vikram Limaye is Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer of NSE.National Stock ExchangeNational Stock Exchange of India (NSE).

National Stock Exchange has a total market capitalization of more than US$3 trillion, making it the world’s 9th-largest stock exchange as of May 2021. NSE’s flagship index, the NIFTY 50, a 50 stock index is used extensively by investors in India and around the world as a barometer of the Indian capital market. The NIFTY 50 index was launched in 1996 by NSE.However, Vaidyanathan (2016) estimates that only about 4% of the Indian economy / GDP is actually derived from the stock exchanges in India.

history of NSE.

National Stock Exchange was incorporated in the year 1992 to bring about transparency in the Indian equity markets. Instead of trading memberships being confined to a group of brokers, NSE ensured that anyone who was qualified, experienced, and met the minimum financial requirements was allowed to trade. In this context, NSE was ahead of its time when it separated ownership and management of the exchange under SEBI’s supervision.

NSE was set up by a group of leading Indian financial institutions at the behest of the Government of India to bring transparency to the Indian capital market. Based on the recommendations laid out by the Pherwani committee, NSE was established with a diversified shareholding comprising domestic and global investors. The key domestic investors include Life Insurance Corporation, State Bank of India, IFCI Limited, IDFC Limited and Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited. Key global investors include Gagil FDI Limited, GS Strategic Investments Limited, SAIF II SE Investments Mauritius Limited, Aranda Investments (Mauritius) Pte Limited, and PI Opportunities Fund I.

The exchange was incorporated in 1992 as a tax-paying company and was recognized as a stock exchange in 1993 under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, when P. V. Narasimha Rao was the Prime Minister of India and Manmohan Singh was the Finance Minister. NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The capital market (equities) segment of the NSE commenced operations in November 1994, while operations in the derivatives segment commenced in June 2000. NSE offers trading, clearing and settlement services in equity, equity derivative, debt, commodity derivatives, and currency derivatives segments. It was the first exchange in India to introduce an electronic trading facility thus connecting the investor base of the entire country. NSE has 2500 VSATs and 3000 leased lines spread over more than 2000 cities across India.

Markets of NSE.

Equity Derivatives EditThe National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) commenced trading in derivatives with the launch of index futures on 12 June 2000. The futures and options segment of NSE has made a global mark. In the Futures and Options segment, trading in the NIFTY 50 Index, NIFTY IT index, NIFTY Bank Index, NIFTY Next 50 index, and single stock futures are available. Trading in Mini Nifty Futures & Options and Long term Options on NIFTY 50 are also available.[14] The average daily turnover in the F&O Segment of the Exchange during the financial year April 2013 to March 2014 stood at ₹1.52236 trillion (US$21 billion).

Equity Derivatives.

The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) commenced trading in derivatives with the launch of index futures on 12 June 2000. The futures and options segment of NSE has made a global mark. In the Futures and Options segment, trading in the NIFTY 50 Index, NIFTY IT index, NIFTY Bank Index, NIFTY Next 50 index, and single stock futures are available. Trading in Mini Nifty Futures & Options and Long term Options on NIFTY 50 are also available.^[14] The average daily turnover in the F&O Segment of the Exchange during the financial year April 2013 to March 2014 stood at ₹1.52236 trillion (US$21 billion).

On 29 August 2011, National Stock Exchange launched derivative contracts on the world’s most-followed equity indices, the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average. NSE is the first Indian exchange to launch global indices. This is also the first time in the world that futures contracts on the S&P 500 index were introduced and listed on an exchange outside of their home country, the USA. The new contracts include futures on both the DJIA and the S&P 500 and options on the S&P 50

Interest Rate Futures.

In December 2013, exchanges in India received approval from market regulator SEBI for launching interest rate futures (IRFs) on a single GOI bond or a basket of bonds that will be cash-settled. Market participants have been in favor of the product being cash-settled and being available on a single bond. NSE will launch the NSE Bond Futures on 21 January on highly liquid 7.16 percent and 8.83 percent 10-year GOI bonds. Interest Rate Futures were introduced in India by NSE on 31 August 2009, exactly one year after the launch of Currency Futures. NSE became the first stock exchange to get approval for interest-rate futures, as recommended by the SEBI-RBI committee.

Debt Market.

On 13 May 2013, NSE launched India’s first dedicated debt platform to provide a liquid and transparent trading platform for debt-related products

The Debt segment provides an opportunity for retail investors to invest in corporate bonds on a liquid and transparent exchange platform. It also helps institutions that are holders of corporate bonds. It is an ideal platform to buy and sell at optimum prices and help Corporates to get adequate demand when issue bonds.

Financial literacy of NSE.

NSE has collaborated with several universities like Gokhale Institute of Politics & Economics (GIPE), Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University (BVDU), Pune, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, the Ravenshaw University of Cuttack and Punjabi University, Patiala, among others to offer MBA and BBA courses. NSE has also provided mock market simulation software called NSE Learn to Trade (NLT) to develop investment, trading, and portfolio management skills among the students.[20] The simulation software is very similar to the software currently being used by the market professionals and helps students to learn how to trade in the markets.

NSE also conducts online examinations and awards certification, under its Certification in Financial Markets (NCFM) programs.[21] At present, certifications are available in 46 modules, covering different sectors of financial and capital markets, both at the beginner and advanced levels. The list of various modules can be found at the official site of NSE India. In addition, since August 2009, it has offered a short-term course called NSE Certified Capital Market Professional (NCCMP).[22] The NCCMP or NSE Certified Capital Market Professional is a 100-hour program for over 3–4 months, conducted at the colleges, and covers theoretical and practical training in subjects related to the capital markets. NCCMP covers subjects like equity markets, debt markets, derivatives, macroeconomics, technical analysis, and fundamental analysis. Successful candidates are awarded joint certification from NSE and the concerned.

Due to covid-19 period there has been a lot of differences in real work as well as virtual work. As we know that due to pandemic the style of doing work in industries affected a lot and also changed the lifestyle of the people. But pandemic is just a one part which affect the style of work if we think of the other side that is developing technologies is the other concern for the future of work. Consider Artificial Intelligence which is automating several jobs in all the sectors, especially for the low skilled labors. So due this low-wage workers will become jobless. There is a need to reskill them to keep them employed. New technologies such as blockchain, Internet of things have so much of potential to create plenty of employment opportunities. The jobs which will be there in the future are present today but the main concern is that they are not accessible for all. There is need to bridge the skills gap. Otherwise ,rich-poor inequalities will increased at a rapid rate. Future jobs will demand more skills as compared to present jobs. Future jobs will be more of technology based and it will create new job opportunities for new recruitment. Example – Cybersecurity jobs, Food deliveries etc. At present many workers are fighting towards exploitation of workers and human work culture, it is expected that the future of work will be more humane. Most of the companies will follow ethical practices such as minimum wage rule, ethical work hours etc. The future companies will be more customer-centric. Customer Happiness will be the integral to the success of the company.

The Future of work demand upskilling and reskilling of many workers .It is important to train low-skilled and unskilled people to prevent them from becoming jobless. It is expected that the future of work is going to be more humane and ethical.

By Anshiki Jadia

A magazine for children that tells stories through pictures which is often combined with text or other visual information.

History of fun

India’s comic industry began in the mid-1960s when the leading newspaper The Times of India launched Indrajal Comics. Mid 1960s saw syndicated strips like The Phantom, Mandrake being translated to Indian languages.

In the late 1960s, evolution of Indian comics came in the form of Amar Chitra Katha which contained 100% Indian content. In

1970, Indians most popular comic character Chacha Chaudhary was brought to life through Hindi magazine Lot pot. The popularity of Chacha Chaudhary, Pran Kumar Sharma’s stories went on to be translated in over 10 different languages.

1980s saw the entrance of several unforgettable and original characters, magazines and publishing houses like Tinkle magazine was founded.

Chacha Chaudhary’s entry into the world of Diamond comics. The arrival of Raj comics.

Around 1992, A Raj Comics issue titled Nagaraj aur Bughaku and super commando Dhruva and sold more than 9 lakh copies within 3 months of its launch, becoming the bestselling Indian Comic ever.

Manoj Comics, another one of India’s leading comic book houses, also published more than 365 comics within a year in the ‘90s, thereby implying that there was a time in the era readers actually had one new comic book to read every single day.  

There was a major decline in the sales of comic books by the late ‘90s and most Indian comic book companies were forced out of the game. The reason was rise in technology. After 2000, only Amar chitra Katha, diamond comics and raj comics were left.

After few years of struggling to revive Indian comic culture, comic companies were able to revive the culture through the birth of virgin comics, bullseye press, graphic India. Also in 2004, Web toons (a publishing portal) was launched which is a home to thousands of digital comics of different genre.

Famous Indian Comic Characters

Chacha Chaudhary is one of most favorite comic character that was created by pran Kumar Sharma. Chacha Chaudhary is a middle class Indian, frail but an extremely intelligent elder. The usual villains of Chacha Chaudhary are corrupt government officials, thieves, roadside goons & bullies, tricksters, cons and local thugs. He not only fights them and helps the common man but also teaches them moral lessons and good behavior.

Shakti is Goddess Kali’s transcending incarnation. Kali is the destroyer of demons and the last word in woman-power. She has a raging desire to get justice for women in this man’s world. The distress cries from any woman, anywhere in the world, turn her ordinary self of Chanda into a ferocious killer known as Shakti. Shakti is Maha Kali – Great Kali.

The Bahadur series focused a lot on dacoits. Bahadur himself was the son of a dacoit Bhairav Singh, who died in combat with Police. Bahadur, then a teenager, was adopted by Vishal, the police officer. Upon growing up, Bahadur set up the Citizen’s Security Force. Though Bahadur dealt with many kinds of villains, he displayed a much softer corner towards dacoits trying to rehabilitate them.

Shambu is a cowardly and lazy shikari (hunter) whom the rest of the world perceives as courageous. He always tries to run away from dangerous animals, but due to some stroke of luck always ends up as a hero. He lives with his wife Shanti. In The   Legend of Shikari Shambu (Tinkle Magazine No.573), it was revealed that Shambu, before being called “Shikari” Shambu, fell on a tiger and knocked him out. It was after this incident that he got the name “Shikari” Shambu.

Reasons Behind Failure Of Indian Comics

• The publishers don’t know the difference between inspiration and copy.
• Indians prefer watching over reading. (mostly free)
• No resource for new creator.
• Pressure of family and society.

Conclusion

For every 90’s kid, comic books were like a family member but today’s generation prefers online platforms for reading rather than seating and reading books. Many of them do not understand the thrill one feels while reading books.

But now, many Indian comic books have digitalized themselves and also have websites or apps for their fan so that They can access to the content. Now it’s our job to let get them past us devices and introduce it to young generation.

Now the coffee leaves are sell as beverage

Coffee is a brewed beverage prepared from coffee beans. Coffee is a regular part of our lifestyle. It is prepared from fermented beans. Coffee contains various useful nutrients including riboflavin(B2), Niacin(B3), Magnesium, Potassium, and various phenolic compounds, antioxidants.

Coffee was first used as a beverage in Ethiopia. It is the origin country of coffee. In the seventeenth-century Baba Budan introduced coffee to India. He smuggled seven beans to India from Yemen. These beans are planted in the Chandragiri Hills of Karnataka. After that coffee is planted and grew up as an industrial beverage. Normally coffee is produced from beans by fermentation. The process is started with coffee cherries. Raw cherries are collected and dried. after that, the fruit pulp is removed. and the beans are fermented. when the beans become dark brown they are ready to sell.

Now the coffee leaves are also used as a beverage. The CFTRI(Central Food Technological Research Institute) Principal Pushpa P Murthy and team invented coffee leaves beverage for sale. They are working since 2019. Now they received grants from food processing industries of the union government. After collecting the beans take around 9 months time to come to the market. It is a loss for coffee-producing farmers because it takes so a long time. so this new invention is very helpful for the harvester.

This coffee leaf beverage is common in Indonesia and Ethiopia. but the method of making beverages is different. this beverage is made with water, Filtered, and consumed after few minutes. It doesn’t taste like coffee but it has various health benefits. This drink is rich in phenolic compounds. it has 17% more antioxidant properties than green tea. It helps to reduce blood glucose levels and is also used in inflammation and blood pressure.
It is revolutionaries to the coffee industry. So enjoy your cup of coffee with lots of health benefits.

Whatever has striked our ears in this pandemic was mostly some form of pessimistic news. News that someone passed away, someone’s lost his job but in all this environment of pessimism what was optimistic was the health-related consciousness of people. It’s now a matter of past for many who would take one’s health lightly but not anymore.

Everyone’s routine followed a shift, a shift from refined foods to healthy cooked meals, a shift from drinking refrigerated water to boiled one. The craze of pizza and burger was done away with and that of salad and fruits before everybody’s plate was adopted. Irregular meal timings was replaced by a regular one.Proper duration of sleep for healthy lifestyle was adopted.

It’s not just that people were focused on physical health but due importance was given to mental health. People in their spare time did internships, read fiction, non-fiction, self-help books, while several others started blogging and vlogging played sports with their close ones. Meditation was a part of everyone’s schedule without which our day was incomplete.

It’s not just food but man that was drifting away from bossom one’s due to hectic work hours now found time to sit together and discuss about each others lives. Everybody enjoyed being together and getting together was interesting part of our schedule.

The Work from Home culture made servicemen and women sit in front of computer and it was similar for children who spent their maximum time attending classes online but people made time to do exercise, made time for gardening, made time to talk to neighbors.

Cleanliness and hygiene is another positive message that came from this pandemic. We see people taking interest in cleaning their house when maids weren’t available during lockdown and it wasn’t just a work of individual but whole family contributed in keeping their surrounding clean.The real message that HEALTH IS WEALTH ,CLEANLINESS IS NEXT TO GODLINESS was adopted.

People started gardening, people started adopting animals, air became pure and lots of more positivity sprung that connected each one. The strings that were getting loose between people was strengthened during the pandemic. People used technology to get close to their distant relatives, people who never found time for their relatives were added in what’sapp groups. Video calls acted as a simile and connected people together.
Well-wishes were poured to the one’s who were ill and condolences for the one’s that saw close one’s passing away.

I don’t know when will the world recover from this ghastly virus but we as human beings have adapted ourselves to it and whenever we come out of it we would experience ourselves to be more social, more cultured and more healthy.

The threat of China is real and how can India get it’s PoK back .

In current scenario NO but maybe in future. India today is facing Covid pandemic along with the world so you really can’t have at any point of time two major issues to handle.India’s foreign policy was doing wonders till the second wave hit the country. Before the Second wave India exported Vaccines to Nepal, Bangladesh, Brazil and many other countries due to which India was becoming a mass vaccine supplier country in South Asia and just when it started dominating the Asian Continent, the secondary wave hit it and till today India couldn’t recover from it.

The Second wave Of Covid created a huge demand for vaccines and this demand was made by cutting the supplies of vaccines to neighboring countries. India to safeguard itself lost it’s position to China who offered vaccines to Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Pakistan and these countries could do nothing but to accept the Chinese favour. Thus China made these countries debt -ridden ,one of it’s way to make way into it’s country.

Sri Lanka, was unable to pay the debt to China on time lost it’s Hambantota port to China The general belief seems to be that Sri Lanka was unable to pay off the loans obtained from China to construct Hambantota port in the first place, and therefore had no choice but hand over the port to Chinese control to pay off the debt.

Then China focused it’s attention towards Myanmar, a country that is facing military tension and the Chinese Army is also building a base on Coco Island in the Alexandra Channel. The water body lies between the Indian Ocean and the Andaman Sea north of India’s Andaman Islands. This all just to dominate the Indian Ocean and to keep a check on Indian naval base .

China has indirectly controlled Pakistan through it’s debt-policy. It$24.7 billion — of its total external debt to China, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF).26-May-2021 with it’s foreign reserve being just 17 bn USD.We all know Pakistan would be unable to pay it’s debt and slowly China would start operating in Pakistan.

But even if India plans to get PoK, it must do when China focuses it’s attention towards Taiwan.The Chinese military would be busy tackling American ones and there would be a golden opportunity for India to get what was it’s own as the world would be busy near South China Sea.

If India plans to get PoK in present it will face the brute of China and in the current scenario India’s relation with it’s neighbors are also not upto the mark. China has built a CPEC corridor that passes through PoK and if India gets it’s own PoK China would now be head to head with India.

But if this homecoming of PoK is done in future when India would have recovered from Wuhan virus it be better.

To function properly, all the cells and organs of the body need water.

Here are some reasons our body needs water:

1. It lubricates the joints

Cartilage, found in joints and the disks of the spine, contains around 80 percent water. Long-term dehydration can reduce the joints’ shock-absorbing ability, leading to joint pain.

2. It forms saliva and mucus

Saliva helps us digest our food and keeps the mouth, nose, and eyes moist. This prevents friction and damage. Drinking water also keeps the mouth clean. Consumed instead of sweetened beverages, it can also reduce tooth decay.

3. It delivers oxygen throughout the body

Blood is more than 90 percent water, and blood carries oxygen to different parts of the body.

4. It boosts skin health and beauty

With dehydration, the skin can become more vulnerable to skin disorders and premature wrinkling.

5. It cushions the brain, spinal cord, and other sensitive tissues

Dehydration can affect brain structure and function. It is also involved in the production of hormones and neurotransmitters. Prolonged dehydration can lead to problems with thinking and reasoning.

6. It regulates body temperature

Water that is stored in the middle layers of the skin comes to the skin’s surface as sweat when the body heats up. As it evaporates, it cools the body. In sport.

Some scientists have suggested thatTrusted Source when there is too little water in the body, heat storage increases and the individual is less able to tolerate heat strain.

Having a lot of water in the body may reduce physical strain if heat stress occurs during exercise. However, more research is needed into these effects.

7, The digestive system depends on it

The bowel needs water to work properly. Dehydration can lead to digestive problems, constipation, and an overly acidic stomach. This increases the risk of heartburn and stomach ulcers.

8. It flushes body waste

Water is needed in the processes of sweating and removal of urine and feces.

9. It helps maintain blood pressure

A lack of water can cause blood to become thicker, increasing blood pressure.

10. The airways need it

When dehydrated, airways are restricted by the body in an effort to minimize water loss. This can make asthma and allergies worse.

11. It makes minerals and nutrients accessible

These dissolve in water, which makes it possible for them to reach different parts of the body.

12. It prevents kidney damage

The kidneys regulate fluid in the body. Insufficient water can lead to kidney stonesand other problems.

13. It boosts performance during exercise

Dehydration during exercise may hinder performance.

Some scientists have proposed that consuming more water might enhance performance during strenuous activity.

More research is needed to confirm this, but one review found that dehydration reduces performance in activities lasting longer than 30 minutes.

14. Weight loss

Water may also help with weight loss, if it is consumed instead of sweetened juices and sodas. “Preloading” with water before meals can help prevent overeating by creating a sense of fullness.

15. It reduces the chance of a hangover

When partying, unsweetened soda water with ice and lemon alternated with alcoholic drinks can help prevent overconsumption of alcohol.

Kidney damage

Water helps dissolve minerals and nutrients, making them more accessible to the body. It also helps remove waste products.

These two functions make water vital to the kidneys.

Every day, the kidneys filter around 120-150 quarts of fluid.

Of these, approximately 1-2 quarts are removed from the body in the form of urine, and the rest is recovered by the bloodstream.

Water is essential for the kidneys to function.

If the kidneys do not function properly, waste products and excess fluid can build up inside the body.

Untreated, chronic kidney disease can lead to kidney failure. The organs stop working, and either dialysis or kidney transplantation is required.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of infection in the body. They account for around 8.1 million visits to health care providers in the U.S. every year.

If infections spread to the upper urinary tract, including the kidneys, permanent damage can result. Sudden, or acute, kidney infections can be life-threatening, particularly if septicemia occurs.

Drinking plenty of water is a simple way to reduce the risk of developing a UTI and to help treat an existing UTI.

Kidney stones interfere with how the kidneys work. When present, can complicate UTIs. These complicated UTIs tend to require longer periods of antibiotics to treat them, typically lasting 7 to 14 days.

The leading cause of kidney stones is a lack of water. People who report them often do not drink the recommended daily amount of water. Kidney stones may also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease.

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Fast facts on drinking water

• Adult humans are 60 percent water, and our blood is 90 percent water.
• There is no universally agreed quantity of water that must be consumed daily.
• Water is essential for the kidneys and other bodily functions.
• When dehydrated, the skin can become more vulnerable to skin disorders and wrinkling.
• Drinking water instead of soda can help with weight loss.

To function properly, all the cells and organs of the body need water.

Here are some reasons our body needs water:

1. It lubricates the joints

Cartilage, found in joints and the disks of the spine, contains around 80 percent water. Long-term dehydration can reduce the joints’ shock-absorbing ability, leading to joint pain.

2. It forms saliva and mucus

Saliva helps us digest our food and keeps the mouth, nose, and eyes moist. This prevents friction and damage. Drinking water also keeps the mouth clean. Consumed instead of sweetened beverages, it can also reduce tooth decay.

3. It delivers oxygen throughout the body

Blood is more than 90 percent water, and blood carries oxygen to different parts of the body.

4. It boosts skin health and beauty

With dehydration, the skin can become more vulnerable to skin disorders and premature wrinkling.

5. It cushions the brain, spinal cord, and other sensitive tissues

Dehydration can affect brain structure and function. It is also involved in the production of hormones and neurotransmitters. Prolonged dehydration can lead to problems with thinking and reasoning.

6. It regulates body temperature

Water that is stored in the middle layers of the skin comes to the skin’s surface as sweat when the body heats up. As it evaporates, it cools the body. In sport.

Some scientists have suggested thatTrusted Source when there is too little water in the body, heat storage increases and the individual is less able to tolerate heat strain.

Having a lot of water in the body may reduce physical strain if heat stress occurs during exercise. However, more research is needed into these effects.

7, The digestive system depends on it

The bowel needs water to work properly. Dehydration can lead to digestive problems, constipation, and an overly acidic stomach. This increases the risk of heartburn and stomach ulcers.

8. It flushes body waste

Water is needed in the processes of sweating and removal of urine and feces.

9. It helps maintain blood pressure

A lack of water can cause blood to become thicker, increasing blood pressure.

10. The airways need it

When dehydrated, airways are restricted by the body in an effort to minimize water loss. This can make asthma and allergies worse.

11. It makes minerals and nutrients accessible

These dissolve in water, which makes it possible for them to reach different parts of the body.

12. It prevents kidney damage

The kidneys regulate fluid in the body. Insufficient water can lead to kidney stonesand other problems.

13. It boosts performance during exercise

Some scientists have proposed that consuming more water might enhance performance during strenuous activity.

More research is needed to confirm this, but one review found that dehydration reduces performance in activities lasting longer than 30 minutes.

14. Weight loss

Water may also help with weight loss, if it is consumed instead of sweetened juices and sodas. “Preloading” with water before meals can help prevent overeating by creating a sense of fullness.

15. It reduces the chance of a hangover

When partying, unsweetened soda water with ice and lemon alternated with alcoholic drinks can help prevent overconsumption of alcohol.

Kidney damage

Water helps dissolve minerals and nutrients, making them more accessible to the body. It also helps remove waste products.

These two functions make water vital to the kidneys.

Every day, the kidneys filter around 120-150 quarts of fluid.

Of these, approximately 1-2 quarts are removed from the body in the form of urine, and the rest is recovered by the bloodstream.

Water is essential for the kidneys to function.

If the kidneys do not function properly, waste products and excess fluid can build up inside the body.

Untreated, chronic kidney disease can lead to kidney failure. The organs stop working, and either dialysis or kidney transplantation is required.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of infection in the body. They account for around 8.1 million visits to health care providers in the U.S. every year.

If infections spread to the upper urinary tract, including the kidneys, permanent damage can result. Sudden, or acute, kidney infections can be life-threatening, particularly if septicemia occurs.

Drinking plenty of water is a simple way to reduce the risk of developing a UTI and to help treat an existing UTI.

Kidney stones interfere with how the kidneys work. When present, can complicate UTIs. These complicated UTIs tend to require longer periods of antibiotics to treat them, typically lasting 7 to 14 days.

The leading cause of kidney stones is a lack of water. People who report them often do not drink the recommended daily amount of water. Kidney stones may also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease.

In November 2014, the American College of Physicians issued new guidelinesTrusted Source for people who have previously developed kidney stones. The guidelines state that increasing fluid intake to enable 2 liters of urination a day could decrease the risk of stone recurrence by at least half with no side effects.

Dehydration happens if we use and lose more water than the body takes in. It can lead to an imbalance in the body’s electrolytes. Electrolytes, such as potassium, phosphate, and sodium, help carry electrical signals between cells. The kidneys keep the levels of electrolytes in the body stable when they function properly.

When the kidneys are unable to maintain a balance in the levels of electrolytes, these electrical signals become mixed up. This can lead to seizures, involving involuntary muscle movements and loss of consciousness.

In severe cases, dehydration can lead to kidney failure, which can be life-threatening. Possible complications of chronic kidney failure include anemia, damage to the central nervous system, heart failure, and a compromised immune system.

Sources

Some of the water required by the body is obtained through foods with a high water content, such as soups, tomatoes, oranges, but most come through drinking water and other beverages.

During everyday functioning, water is lost by the body, and this needs to be replaced. We notice that we lose water through activities such as sweating and urination, but water is lost even when breathing.

Drinking water, whether from the tap or a bottle, is the best source of fluid for the body.

Milk and juices are also good sources of fluid, but beverages containing alcohol and caffeine, such as soft drinks, coffee, and beer, are not ideal because they often contain empty calories. Drinking water instead of sodaTrusted Source can help with weight loss.

It was previously thought that caffeinated beverages had diuretic properties, meaning that they cause the body to release water. However, studies showTrusted Source that fluid loss because of caffeinated drinks is minimal.

Recommended intake

The amount of water needed each day varies from person to person, depending on how active they are, how much they sweat, and so on.

There is no fixed amount of water that must be consumed daily, but there is general agreement on what a healthy fluid intake is.

According to the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the average recommended daily intake of water from both food and drink is:

• For men: Around 3.7 liters or 125 ounces
• For women: Around 2.7 liters or 91 ounces

This would be around 15.5 cups for men and just over 11 cups for women. However, around 80 percent of this should come from drinks, including water, and the rest will be from food.

This means that:

• Men should drink around 100 ounces, or 12.5 cups of fluid
• Women should drink around 73 ounces, or just over 9 cups

Fresh fruits and vegetables and all non-alcoholic fluids count towards this recommendation.

Times when it is most important to drink plenty of water include:

• when you have a fever
• when the weather is hot
• if you have diarrhea and vomiting
• when you sweat a lot, for example, due to physical activity

Facts

Here are some facts about water:

• Babies and children have a higher percentage of water than adults. When babies are born, they are about 71 percent water, but this falls to 65 percent by the age of 1 yea.
• Fatty tissue has less water than lean tissue.
• Men have more water than women, as a percentage.

Do we drink enough water?

A study carried out by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2013 analyzed data from the National Cancer Institute’s 2007 Food Attitudes and Behaviors SurveyTrusted Source.

Out of a sample of 3,397 adults, the researchers found:

• 1.7 percent of adults reported no daily consumption of drinking water
• 2.36 percent of adults reported drinking 1-3 cups of drinking water a day
• 3.35 percent of adults reported drinking 4-7 cups of drinking water a day
• 4.22 percent of adults reported drinking 8 cups or more a day

People were more likely to drink less than 4 cups of drinking water daily if they consumed 1 cup or less of fruits or vegetables a day.

The study only measured the intake of drinking water. Fluid can be gained from other beverages, but water is best because it is calorie-free, caffeine-free, and alcohol-free.

Seven percent of respondents reported drinking no water at all daily, and those who drank a low volume of water also consumed less fruit and vegetables. This suggests that a certain number of people are risking their health by not getting enough fluid.

Even if the respondents reporting low levels of water intake were obtaining enough fluid, it is likely that they would be obtaining it from sources that could potentially compromise their health in other ways.

“The biologic requirement for water may be met with plain water or via foods and other beverages,” write the study authors. “Results from previous epidemiologic studies indicate that water intake may be inversely related to volume of calorically sweetened beverages and other fluid intake.”

Engineers don’t sit back and watch – they make things happen. Using innovation, creativity and a wealth of knowledge, engineering graduates are impacting the world unlike any other.

The world is changing, and engineers are the ones behind so much of this development. The majority of today’s services and products had some element of engineering involved in their conception at least, paving the way to long, fulfilling and healthy lives for the people influenced by them.

Engineers must be critical yet creative; curious yet capable; as well as ready to handle the constantly changing world.

By Anshiki Jadia

Have you ever wondered what’s going on in your four-legged friend’s head while they are sleeping?
Dogs are similar to humans from multiple points of view. They need exercise, like to cuddle up on the couch and furthermore gets stunned when a new person comes to their home. But when it comes to the sleep, do dog’s brain process in the similar way human do? Basically its might be difficult for us to tell what they are dreaming about but everything we do know about animal’s dream’s, comes from what we know about our own dreams.

Can dogs actually dream?
According to the studies, yes they do. One study at MIT trained rats to frolic a circular track for a food reward. Researchers monitored their brain during the task and again when they were sleeping. When the rats entered REM sleep, the phase where most dreaming occurs, researchers observed that half of their REM episode showed the same unique brain activity as when they were running on the track, awake. Their memories were even replayed at about an equivalent speed. In fact, their brain activity, asleep or awake was so similar that the researchers said they could reconstruct where the rat was on the track and whether it was running or walking. It’s generally thought that sleep allows us to consolidate and encode memories to find out things. So the rats were learning about that circular track, and a later study also in MIT found that the visual areas of rat’s brains are active in dreaming as well as their memory areas, suggesting that animals dreams in pictures.
It also showed that most land mammals experience REM sleep. In dogs REM sleep is like rapid everything movement. They twitch their little noises, they move their mouths, and they often look like they’re running or digging. What’s more, since a canine’s mind is more unpredictable and shows an identical electrical succession, it’s sensible to accept that canines do dream.

What do dogs dream about?

Anything your canine does during the day is being prepared while they rest and remembered in dreamtime. Accordingly, the jerking bristles, the crying and consequently the running paws that we regularly notice. Dreaming is your canine’s effort to comprehend the information being prepared inside the cerebrum.
Chances are that your dog is additionally dreaming about you. While we can’t know definitely, in case canines’ fantasy is packed with people, probability is that that on the off chance that you invest quality energy collaborating along with your canine, they will long for your play meeting, strolls and snuggle time together. Even though dog’s can’t tell us about their dream as they can’t speak, scientists are able to gather information about dog’s dream and sleep pattern through their various observations.

• As a canine starts dreaming, his breathing becomes further and more ordinary.
• While dreaming, the dog’s breathing may become shallow and unpredictable, and muscles may jerk. A few group may portray this as “pursuing bunnies in their rest.”

Thus, both the humans and dogs experience the two phases of the sleep cycle. Scientific researchers exhibits practically identical brain wave pattern in people and dogs which approves this supposition. The conclusion is that dream are essential for the ordinary sleep cycle, and dogs do undoubtedly have them.