Month: August 2022

What is Journalism ? Write different aspects of journalism?

What is Journalism?

Journalism is the collection and distribution of news and related updates on what’s happening around the world on social media, distributing posters and pamphlets, e-mails, magazines, blogs and many more. Journalism is the main pillar of our society or for our whole world because they work hard and they update news so we can watch, and read it. 

As in today’s world, the channels are increasing so much and the audience is also increasing watching it. Without journalism or journalist, we are nothing, we will not know any single news whatever is happening around us.

In today’s world if any student is making up their mind to start a career in journalism. You have taken the right decision. You will end up with a beautiful career in the Journalism field.

What are the different aspects of Journalism?

News

News is the most important factor in Journalism. News should be very much clear and it should be true. Remaking and over-repeating news bore citizens. Straightforward news likes people very much as they want to hear the fact.

Investigate

Before delivering any news on any platform we should investigate the matter. The investigation is necessary. If a matter has not been investigated and news has been delivered it shows a very bad impact on the news channel or the company.

Reviews

People share their reviews and their feedback. Reviews help a lot to understand the importance of the thing and help to improve or not. It might help in any way. Without review, nothing is accepted as good.

Columns

Columns are based primarily on the personality of the author, allowing him or her to write about subjects in a personal style. Column writers can take a humorous approach, or specialise in a particular subject area or topic. IColumnists need to develop a voice that is recognisable by their readership. Columnists can interpret events or issues or write about their own experiences or thoughts. Columns are usually published weekly.

Journalism is a very good profession and hard working. Journalists are the main pillar of our world.

Different aspects of Journalism

 Different aspects of Journalism

Journalism means covering, producing, and distributing news and information about various events, facts, ideas, and people. This is a form of communication where you interact with the audience. 

Journalism is not limited to one thing, each event, and happening, has different aspects of journalism like investigation, online, watchdog, politics, sports, entertainment, education, crime, etc. These are different aspects of Journalism:

Investigation Journalism

Investigation journalism deal with work toward uncovering hidden truth or facts about a person, matter, event, etc. It works to find the facts by studying cases that required a lot of effort. The scandals can be exposed by making headlines. A single case can take a few months or years due to complex procedures, so one should have a lot of knowledge and patience to work as an investigative journalist.

Watchdog journalism

Watchdog journalism guards society against illegal activity or inefficiency from societal powers, such as corporations and politicians. It is similar to investigative journalism. Watchdog journalists monitor the activities of large companies and influential figures and report activities that may have negative impacts on society. This type of journalism helps ensure societal powers remain accountable for their actions.

Online journalism

Online journalism reports facts through internet media, such as digital newspapers, blogs, or social media. All kinds of information are freely available on the internet, but sources are not always credible. Online journalists create and deliver content that is related to traditional journalism practices reporting the facts of a situation or event. Online journalism allows reporters to quickly deliver information to audiences through online media without delays for print layout, processing, and delivery or broadcast time slots.

Sports journalism

Sports journalism focuses on athletic news. Sports journalists report scores, standings, and rankings for different teams or athletes in different sporting events. It can be both print and broadcast media. Sports commentating is a form of sports journalism in broadcast and online journalism.

Entertainment journalism

Entertainment journalism relates to the current events of popular figures and trends. Entertainment journalists provide news about the entertainment business, including celebrities, movies, television, books, and events. Entertainment journalists may cover movie premiers and awards ceremonies as well as news about the entertainment industry. 

Political journalism

Political journalism focuses on government, politics, and political candidates. It covers different segments of political activity, such as local, national, or international news. Political journalists often report on the activities of elected officials, political processes, and the results of political work. It includes reporting political news and conducting investigative and watchdog reporting to ensure that the public has access to information about political activity.

Journalism and its aspects.

Journalism is the profession and activity of investigating and reporting issues, events, current scenario, fashion and trends to the world audience in the form of writing for newspaper and magazines or broadcasting on television, radio and online media such as blogs and networking sites. This field or activity includes writing, designing, editing and photography. Journalists are the people who collect primary and secondary information and news and the product generated by such professionals are known as journalism. Journalism has played important and crucial role during elective democracies all over world and from there it has emerge as a professional identity which is called as journalists. Even today also journalists have unique status and role in the society. Journalism covers all information about individual, society, politics, organizations, government and business. News media are the source of information about public affairs.

Some of the aspects of journalism are:

Print Journalism

Print Journalism is the practice of investigating and reporting of events in newspaper, magazines or in printed form to a broad audience. Print journalism also covers cultural aspects of society such as arts and entertainment. Photojournalist often paired with a print journalist who takes photographs to tell the story using a medium of photographs.

Broadcast Journalism

Instead of printing the news, broadcast journalists report via television, digital videos, and radio. Broadcast journalism can be prerecorded or presented live.Broadcast journalists include news anchors, producers, correspondents, audio technicians, and more.

Investigative Journalism:

Investigative journalism aims to find out about the facts and presenting them in an unbiased form to the public. Many a time the investigators may find themselves in situations where the person is recalcitrant and not willing to share the information. These are the situations where investigators have to show their talents and gather the original information for the presentation of facts to the public.

Watchdog Journalism

Watchdog journalism refers to journalists gathering facts and using the information to expose the wrongdoings of people in power. Watchdog journalism is a key component of a democratic society. The journalists promote change and hold leaders accountable for their actions. Articles, documentaries, and radio shows shine a light on poor behavior to invoke positive change.

Reviews Journalism

Review writing is rather exciting, here the writer gets to state the facts about any event, object, happening or any person and then present his viewpoint on the same as a summary of his entire research or findings. It is based on research and experience of the writer.

Sports Journalism

Sports journalism is a specific segment that only covers sport-related news. It includes live sporting events, recaps, and stories about professional athletes. As the popularity of athletic competitions increased, journalists starting covering the events in newspaper columns. A sports journalist knows more than the average person about one or multiple sports. They can provide detailed insights and analyze sports-related data.

Political Journalism

Political journalists cover news related to politics, politicians, and political science. Political journalism is a key part of a democratic society. It aims to publish unbiased reports on government officials, policy changes, and supreme court cases. The goal of political journalism is to keep voters informed. Political journalists are experts in political science and strive to provide factual and honest information.

Trade Journalism

Trade journalism covers developments in the business world. These articles can be technical, analytical, or industry-specific. Publications by trade journalists often focus on commodities, like oil and gas. Or, they may report on specific sectors, like the finance industry.

Columns Journalism

Columns are like a personal blog where the writer gets to express his views on any subject of his choice. He can write humorous blogs or any type of area where he expertise. Columns are generally published on a weekly basis.

Feature Writing

Feature writing involves long blogs about the scope, depth or interpretation of any event, object or any subject of concern. It brings the topics and viewpoints to which were previously unseen to the limelight. The data is collected and the information is inferred by conducting interviews and consulting experts in the field. Feature writings are generally very useful and are award-winning blogs when the goals are achieved.

Journalism and its aspects.

Journalism is the profession and activity of investigating and reporting issues, events, current scenario, fashion and trends to the world audience in the form of writing for newspaper and magazines or broadcasting on television, radio and online media such as blogs and networking sites. This field or activity includes writing, designing, editing and photography. Journalists are the people who collect primary and secondary information and news and the product generated by such professionals are known as journalism. Journalism has played important and crucial role during elective democracies all over world and from there it has emerge as a professional identity which is called as journalists. Even today also journalists have unique status and role in the society. Journalism covers all information about individual, society, politics, organizations, government and business. News media are the source of information about public affairs.

Some of the aspects of journalism are:

Print Journalism

Print Journalism is the practice of investigating and reporting of events in newspaper, magazines or in printed form to a broad audience. Print journalism also covers cultural aspects of society such as arts and entertainment. Photojournalist often paired with a print journalist who takes photographs to tell the story using a medium of photographs.

Broadcast Journalism

Instead of printing the news, broadcast journalists report via television, digital videos, and radio. Broadcast journalism can be prerecorded or presented live.Broadcast journalists include news anchors, producers, correspondents, audio technicians, and more.

Investigative Journalism:

Investigative journalism aims to find out about the facts and presenting them in an unbiased form to the public. Many a time the investigators may find themselves in situations where the person is recalcitrant and not willing to share the information. These are the situations where investigators have to show their talents and gather the original information for the presentation of facts to the public.

Watchdog Journalism

Watchdog journalism refers to journalists gathering facts and using the information to expose the wrongdoings of people in power. Watchdog journalism is a key component of a democratic society. The journalists promote change and hold leaders accountable for their actions. Articles, documentaries, and radio shows shine a light on poor behavior to invoke positive change.

Reviews Journalism

Review writing is rather exciting, here the writer gets to state the facts about any event, object, happening or any person and then present his viewpoint on the same as a summary of his entire research or findings. It is based on research and experience of the writer.

Sports Journalism

Sports journalism is a specific segment that only covers sport-related news. It includes live sporting events, recaps, and stories about professional athletes. As the popularity of athletic competitions increased, journalists starting covering the events in newspaper columns. A sports journalist knows more than the average person about one or multiple sports. They can provide detailed insights and analyze sports-related data.

Political Journalism

Political journalists cover news related to politics, politicians, and political science. Political journalism is a key part of a democratic society. It aims to publish unbiased reports on government officials, policy changes, and supreme court cases. The goal of political journalism is to keep voters informed. Political journalists are experts in political science and strive to provide factual and honest information.

Trade Journalism

Trade journalism covers developments in the business world. These articles can be technical, analytical, or industry-specific. Publications by trade journalists often focus on commodities, like oil and gas. Or, they may report on specific sectors, like the finance industry.

Columns Journalism

Columns are like a personal blog where the writer gets to express his views on any subject of his choice. He can write humorous blogs or any type of area where he expertise. Columns are generally published on a weekly basis.

Feature Writing

Feature writing involves long blogs about the scope, depth or interpretation of any event, object or any subject of concern. It brings the topics and viewpoints to which were previously unseen to the limelight. The data is collected and the information is inferred by conducting interviews and consulting experts in the field. Feature writings are generally very useful and are award-winning blogs when the goals are achieved.

History of National Flag of India

 History of National Flag of India

Each country has their own flag which represent their patriotism towards their nation . India is also has their own flag which represent the whole nation.
A flag is the most important symbol of a country. The national flag of India is a symbol of honour, patriotism, and freedom for the country.
As India is secular country there are different people who belongs to different cultures, religion, caste , language,etc so Indian flag represent the unity of a people inspite having different religions, caste , language, culture ect.
Indian flag is a horizontal rectangular tricolour and it consists of saffron , white, and green colour and their is one spinning wheel in between saffron and green colour.

The proposal of the flag to the Indian National Congress was made by Mahatma Gandhi in 1921. The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya . In the centre of the flag was a traditional spinning wheel.
The national flag of India was adopted in its present form during the meeting of Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947 , a few days before India’s independence from the British on 15 August 1947.
India never had a National Flag that could represent it as one nation. The need for having a flag wasn’t really felt by Indians until the partition of Bengal was announced. That day was declared as the national day of mourning. A year later, on the anniversary of anti – partition movement a flag was unfurled. It was designed by Sachindra Prasad Bose. After the partition was annulled people forget about the flag. Madam Bhikaji Rustom Cama who attended the 2nd International Socialist Congress in Germany gave a speech about the political fight with British and waved the flag . It was made by Hem Chandra Das. Years later in 1917, during the Home Rule Movement Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mrs. Anne Besant also designed a flag .
Four year later in 1921 Gandhi ji asked Mr Pingley Venkayya to design a National Flag, for freedom movement, which should have a ‘Charkha’ in the flag as it represented self reliance, progress and common man . It was also called the Swaraj flag , the Gandhi flag and the Swaraj flag , the Gandhi flag and the Charkha flag . However, in 1931 , a seven – member flag committe was established in Karachi to modify the flag and they had given a new design.
The big day for India came when Lord Mountbatten announced the decision to free India. The need to have a flag thar is acceptable to all parties was realised and an ad – hoc flag committee was headed by Dr. Rajender Prasad to design the flag for free India. Gandhiji’s consent was taken and Pingley Venkayya’s flag was decided to modified. Instead of the Charkha , the emblem of Ashoka’s Sarnath pillar , the wheel , was decided upon . The National Flag was adopted on 22 July , 1947.

Rural Development

 What is Rural Development?

Rural development is a method where you can enhance the quality if life. Now a days rural area is also getting developed but they need more good facilities to upgrade their life.

In rural areas people mainly do agriculture and forestry. It is their main occupation in which they are living their life. But today nature have also changed a lot. People of rural areas also need better and good facilities to upgrade themselves.

Rural development is important not only for the majority of the population residing in rural areas, but also for the overall economic expansion of the nation.

Rural development is considered to be of noticeable importance in the country today than in the olden days in the process of the evolution of the nation. It is a strategy that tries to obtain an improved  and productivity, higher socio-economic equality and ambition, and stability in social and economic development.

The primary task is to decrease the famine that exists in roughly about 70 percent of the rural population, and to make sufficient and healthy food available.

The secondary task is to ensure the availability of clothing and footwear, a clean environment and house, medical attention, recreational provision, education, transport, and communication.

SDG 2 : Zero Hunger.

In 2012, at the United Nations (UN) Conferences on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, world representatives created the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The purpose of creating SDGs was to produce a set of universal goals that meet the urgent environmental, political and economic challenges facing our world, according to the UN Development Programme. There are 17 SDGs that the UN hopes to meet by 2030, the second of which is Zero Hunger. More than 800 million people around the world are hungry. The United Nations’s second Sustainable Development Goal, Zero Hunger, aims to end world hunger by 2030.

Hunger is not caused by food shortage alone, but by a combination of natural, social, and political forces. Currently, natural resources that are necessary for human survival—like freshwater, the ocean, forests, soils, and more—are dwindling. Climate change is contributing to the degradation of precious resources, as severe weather events, like droughts, become more common and affect harvests, leading to less food for human consumption. Poverty and inequality are also two drivers of hunger, affecting who can buy food, as well as what kind of food, and how much, is available. Hunger is also a product of war and conflict. During periods of unrest, a country’s economy and infrastructure can become severely damaged. This negatively affects civilian access to food by either driving up food prices, interfering with food production, or forcing people from their homes. Some governments and military groups have even used starvation as a war tactic, cutting off civilians from their food supply. In 2018, the UN declared this tactic a war crime.

The total number of persons suffering from severe food insecurity has been on the rise since 2015, and there are still millions of malnourished children. The economic slowdown and the disruption of food value chains caused by the pandemic are exacerbating hunger and food insecurity. In addition, the upsurge in desert locusts remains alarming in East Africa and Yemen, where 35 million persons already experience acute food insecurity. Owing to the pandemic, some 370 million schoolchildren are missing the free school meals that they rely on. Measures to strengthen food production and distribution systems must be taken immediately to mitigate and minimize the impacts of the pandemic.

The world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030. If recent trends continue, the number of people affected by hunger would surpass 840 million by 2030. According to the World Food Programme, 135 million suffer from acute hunger largely due to man-made conflicts, climate change and economic downturns. The COVID-19 pandemic could now double that number, putting an additional 130 million people at risk of suffering acute hunger by the end of 2020.

SDG 2 : Zero Hunger.

In 2012, at the United Nations (UN) Conferences on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, world representatives created the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The purpose of creating SDGs was to produce a set of universal goals that meet the urgent environmental, political and economic challenges facing our world, according to the UN Development Programme. There are 17 SDGs that the UN hopes to meet by 2030, the second of which is Zero Hunger. More than 800 million people around the world are hungry. The United Nations’s second Sustainable Development Goal, Zero Hunger, aims to end world hunger by 2030.

Hunger is not caused by food shortage alone, but by a combination of natural, social, and political forces. Currently, natural resources that are necessary for human survival—like freshwater, the ocean, forests, soils, and more—are dwindling. Climate change is contributing to the degradation of precious resources, as severe weather events, like droughts, become more common and affect harvests, leading to less food for human consumption. Poverty and inequality are also two drivers of hunger, affecting who can buy food, as well as what kind of food, and how much, is available. Hunger is also a product of war and conflict. During periods of unrest, a country’s economy and infrastructure can become severely damaged. This negatively affects civilian access to food by either driving up food prices, interfering with food production, or forcing people from their homes. Some governments and military groups have even used starvation as a war tactic, cutting off civilians from their food supply. In 2018, the UN declared this tactic a war crime.

The total number of persons suffering from severe food insecurity has been on the rise since 2015, and there are still millions of malnourished children. The economic slowdown and the disruption of food value chains caused by the pandemic are exacerbating hunger and food insecurity. In addition, the upsurge in desert locusts remains alarming in East Africa and Yemen, where 35 million persons already experience acute food insecurity. Owing to the pandemic, some 370 million schoolchildren are missing the free school meals that they rely on. Measures to strengthen food production and distribution systems must be taken immediately to mitigate and minimize the impacts of the pandemic.

The world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030. If recent trends continue, the number of people affected by hunger would surpass 840 million by 2030. According to the World Food Programme, 135 million suffer from acute hunger largely due to man-made conflicts, climate change and economic downturns. The COVID-19 pandemic could now double that number, putting an additional 130 million people at risk of suffering acute hunger by the end of 2020.

New Education Policy 2022

 New Education Policy (NEP) 2022

New education policy (NEP) 2022 is a policy in which all the education systems have been taken to a new and good quality level. With this policy, you will get all the world-class education in which you will make your career better.

In 2022 new education policy system they have three language formulas and a 5+3+3+4 strategy.

Some of the points in which you will get to know more about policy:-

* They will have the three language formulas i.e regional language, Hindi and English.

* They have changed the 10+2 strategy and instead of that now they have 5+3+3+4. Students will have various stages. They are

5 – Foundational stage

3 – Preparatory stage

3 – Middle stage

4 – Secondary stage

* They have mainly aimed at vocational education as a new education policy which will aim the students to know their regional language, mother tongue till 5 the years.

* Till class 5 they will only have their local language and in school and higher education, they will include the Sanskrit subject. 

* To learn the students the regional language easily they will get their instruction in that regional language instead of English till class 5.

* Master’s degree will be longer required.

* The policy wants that all the students get quality and equitable education in India in the gas group of 3 – 18 years.




Foundational stage (5)

The foundational stage will be the first 5 years of a child’s schooling. After 3 years the education the children will go to Anganwadi, kidzee and the nursery’s play school.

For the next 2 years, the children will develop their basic knowledge, activity-based learning

Preparatory stage (3)

The next preparatory stage will start from 8 – 11 years in which the children will learn basic literacy and numeracy skills that will help students to know more about the various subjects.

Middle stage (3)

The middle stage will compromise 11 – 14 years in which they will learn academic skills like reading, writing and language competencies. They will also develop their teamwork, and problem-solving.

Secondary stage (4)

In this last stage, they will be 14 – 18 years of age. During this stage, the students will learn all the basic subjects like Social science, Mathematics, Science, and English and they get the opportunity to learn various elective subjects. The secondary stage aim is to provide students with the skills and the knowledge they need to prepare for further education.

In this new education policy 2022, they aim to provide all the students get a world-class education and they can gain the knowledge of various things which will help to make their life better.


Online Banking

 Online Banking

Online banking means accessing your bank account online and carrying out financial transactions through the internet on your smartphone, tablet, or computer. It’s quick, usually free, and allows you to do tasks, such as paying bills and transferring money, without having to visit or call your bank. Many banks have free apps which let you use these services on your phone at any time. 

Facilities offered by Online Banking

  • You can check your bank balance at any time
  • You can pay your bills and transfer money to other accounts
  • You can check any linked mortgages, loans, savings accounts or ISAs
  • You can check your bank statements and go paperless 
  • You can set up or cancel Direct Debits and standing orders
  • You can check on any investments you might have that are linked to your account.

Security in Online Banking

Banks take lots of precautions to make sure your online account is safe. These include encrypted websites, timed logouts, and many authentication processes. Accessing your bank account online is generally safe. You should learn how to use online banking safely to secure your account.

Here are a few tips to keep your account safe:

  • Check your statement often and report any unusual activity to your bank.
  • Don’t reply to emails that claim to be from your bank that ask for personal details or passwords.
  • Always remember to log out of your online banking session.
  • Only use secure wi-fi connections to access your bank account.
  • Public wi-fi connections are often not secure, so it’s important not to use them for banking or to make purchases. 
  • Keep your operating system and anti-virus software up to date.
  • If you notice anything strange on your account, or you accidentally make a payment to the wrong account, get in touch with your bank as soon as possible.
  • Some banks offer instant card freezing, where you can block your card in your app without having to call or visit a branch. 
  • Choose your password carefully – create it by combining three random words and don’t re-use the same one for different accounts.


You can easily set up online banking with the help of instructions provided by your bank or you can contact them to take help with using the online banking services.

What is new National Education Policy and the changes in the education system of India

 What is new National Education Policy ( NEP) 2022?

The National Education Policy ( NEP ) 2022 is a policy document released by the government of India on 29th July 2020.
As education is important sector for the country’s  development, Government must be focus on education sector of the country. Due to the importance of education, government make many changes to improve this sector and for providing better education to the people of India.
It generally focuses on the students individual needs. It aims to provide them with access to world class education. It also make sure that the students don’t have must stress regarding to their studies as we all know that day by day students get depressed because of not clearing their exams so government also put their efforts to make the education system more flexible and adaptive.
The new national policy lays down objectives for improving the quality of the education system. The policy aims at creating a ” Global Knowledge Superpower” in the field of education. The policy also makes it mandatory for schools and colleges to make their curriculum flexible and holistic.

It changes many things in the education system of India as this initiative is taken by looking the perspective of students, teachers , parents , education experts , and civil society organizations.

New Education Policy ( NEP ) important points .

The New Education Policy aims to give quality education to all the people of India whether they belong to the lower caste or upper caste. Government make education affordable to all the students.
Some are the important points of New Education Policy – 
1. The policy aims to provide quality and adaptive education to all the children in the age between 3- 18 years .
2. Students can choose different subjects while studying in college and inhance their skills .
3. Students will now be checked on their ability to apply concept to solving real problems and giving better decisions rather than on how well they remember things from books. 
4. Now student will focus on studying 3 language in the school premises 1. Regional 2. Hindi 3. English.
5. To make it easier for students to learn regional languages, instruction in the first five grades will be taught in those languages instead of English.
6. Policy focuses on using different technologies to make study more accessible as now everything you will get online without a doubt.
7. Now education is given in same quality whether the students belong to urban area or rural area they will get the same quality of  education.
8. The policy propose several measures to improve the quality of teaching, such as mandatory teacher eligibility tests, teacher professional development programmes , and teacher education programmes at the elementary, secondary and tertiary levels.
9. This policy introduce a new 5+3+3+4 education structure, which moves away from the current 10+2 system.
10. It aims to increase the Gross Enrollment Ratio in higher education to 50 percentage by 2035.
11. The Government has announced that all higher education institutes will be governed by a single regulator, except the Medical and Law colleges .
12. The policy proposes to set up a National Higher Education Regulatory Council to oversee the regulation of higher education institutions.

Quality Education- Part of Sustainable Development Goal

Quality Education- Part of Sustainable Development Goal


Sustainable development goals are actions to create a just, fair, and equitable world ensuring no one is left behind. In 2015, all member states of the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This agenda is comprised of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) that provide a shared blueprint for a more peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable future for all.

Quality education

Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. Education is a key to escaping poverty. Over the past decade, major progress was made towards increasing access to education and school enrolment rates at all levels, particularly for girls.

More than half of all children and adolescents worldwide are not meeting minimum proficiency standards in reading and mathematics. In 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic spread across the globe, a majority of countries announced the temporary closure of schools, which affect the education of children worldwide.

The covid-19 has created a great education crisis. Most education systems in the world have been affected by education disruptions and have faced unprecedented challenges. School closures brought on by the pandemic have a great effect on children’s learning and well-being. It is estimated that 147 million children missed more than half of their in-class instruction over the past two years. This generation of children could lose a combined total of $17 trillion in lifetime earnings at present value. School closures have affected girls, children from disadvantaged backgrounds, those living in rural areas, children with disabilities, and children from ethnic minorities more than their peers.

Early indications from low-income countries based on phone surveys point to a small decline in attendance upon a return to school but a larger increase in repetition, which may increase dropout rates in coming years. The participation rate in organized learning one year before the official primary entry age rose steadily in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic, from 69 percent in 2010 to 75 percent in 2020. In most countries, early education facilities and schools were partially or fully closed for more than a full school year.

Insufficient skills are often mentioned as an impediment to effective information and communications technology use. Only 10 percent of countries could more than 70 percent of individuals carry out one of the activities that compose basic skills.

Gender inequalities remain for many indicators. Basic school infrastructure is far from universal. In 2020, approximately one-quarter of primary schools globally did not have access to basic services such as electricity, drinking water, and basic sanitation facilities.

Shares among least developed countries tend to be substantially lower. During the pandemic, schools in comparatively disadvantaged areas were less equipped to keep children and staff safe. In 2020, there were about 12 million pre-primary school teachers, 33 million primary school teachers, and 38 million secondary school teachers working in classrooms around the world, and 83 percent of primary and secondary school teachers were trained.

Thus, this sustainable goal aims to improve the education facility worldwide and provide good quality education which can lead to removing poverty.

SECURITY BREACH OF NASA

What is Data Breach? A data breach is a security violation, in which sensitive, protected or confidential data is copied, transmitted, viewed, stolen or used by an individual unauthorized to do so. Other terms are unintentional information disclosure, data leak, information leakage, and data spill.

What is Security Breach? A security breach is any incident that results in unauthorized access to computer data, applications, networks or devices. It results in information being accessed without authorization. Typically, it occurs when an intruder is able to bypass security mechanisms.

SECURITY BREACH OF NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION(NASA):
NASA has hacked in 1999 which made 21 days shut down of the computer which had direct connection with the satellites in space. It was hacked by 15 year old Jonathan James. He was the first person to carry out attack against American space agency. He hacked the computers by U.S. Department of Defense division’s computer and installed backdoor on its servers. He intercepted more than 1000 government emails including their username and password. This helped him to steal a piece of NASA software and crack the computers that support the International Space Station which cost space exploration agency $41,000. At first the NASA were not aware of their computers being hacked ,later few days they found their computers have been hacked which lead to the shut down of computers in NASA which leads to loss of million cost and arrested James.

Glimpse of New Education Policy

Glimpse of New Education Policy

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2022 is a policy document released by the Government of India on 29th July 2020. It outlines the government’s vision for the education sector in India over the next ten years. The policy has been developed after extensive consultations with various stakeholders, including teachers, students, parents, education experts, and civil society organizations. It covers all aspects of education, from early childhood education to higher education and vocational training. 


NIP aims to transform the education system of India by providing world-class education. The policy also aims at creating a “Global Knowledge Superpower” in the field of education. It focuses on the individual need of every student. The policy also seeks to create a more flexible and adaptive education system that can meet the needs of students and the economy.

Vocational Education is part of the New Education Policy. It includes teaching the mother tongue and regional languages up to the 5th year of schooling. The policy also makes it mandatory for schools and colleges to make their curriculum flexible and holistic.

Major Highlights of New education policy

  • It focuses on providing quality and affordable education to all children in the age group of 3-18 years.
  • Students will now be tested on their abilities to apply concepts to solving real problems rather than on how well they remember things from books.
  • The school curriculum in India has been updated to incorporate more core concepts and vocational education.
  • It focuses on using technology in education to make it more effective.
  • It focuses on a system where there is no distinction between rural and urban areas, and all children have access to quality education.
  • The policy wants to set up a National Higher Education Regulatory Council to oversee the regulation of higher education institutions.
  • It introduces a new 5+3+3+4 education structure, which moves away from the current 10+2 system.
  • The master’s degree (MPhil) course will no longer be required.
  • It says all higher education institutes (HEIs) will be governed by a single regulator, except the Medical and Law Colleges.
  • School board examinations will continue in 10th and 12th classes and redesigned to be more holistic and developmental.
  • Higher education will receive flexibility in subjects. There will be multiple entry points and exit points for all students.
  • UG programmed courses can range in duration from three to four years. The minimum duration required to get a certificate is one year. However, students can opt for a different route if they want to, such as obtaining a two-year Advanced Diploma or getting a B. Tech degree.
  • An academic bank of credit (ABC) will be created as a digital recognition awarded for a student’s academic performance.

Reinsurance

 Reinsurance 

Reinsurance is a process by which an insurance company insures an asset with another insurance company after it has collected premium and assumed the risk of the asset from the first party who had applied for the insurance cover of the asset. It can be called second level insurance. The insurance company (Insurer) want to insure and protect itself from liabilities. So, it approaches another insurance company and shares the risk of underlying asset with insurance company through a process called Reinsurance.

Reinsurance helps an insurance company to assume more risks than what it’s capital base and the accrued surpluses would normally allow it. If the Reinsurance contract involves more than one reinsurer, one company assumes the role of a Lead Reinsurer with other companies subscribing to the contract with the lead insurer.

The Reinsurance contract is a contract of indemnity, it means the amount will become payable only after the original insurer has paid the claim to the insured. An insurer can reinsure the underlying asset with more than one reinsurer. The premium of the reinsurance asset will be smaller than the original insurance premium. The original policy holder does not have any contractual agreement with the reinsurer.

The two types of Reinsurance products are Quota share and Excess of loss. They can vary in the manner, in which risk is shared between the Insurer and the Reinsurer. Retrocession it is the process by which the company that has accepted the reinsurance from different companies want to spread their risk with other companies. There are certain rules followed with reinsurance contracts. The important ones are: the Law of Utmost Good Faith deals with the disclosure of all material facts while entering into a contract. The Law of Follow the Fortunes directs the Reinsurer to discharge its responsibilities in terms of payment to the Insurer once the insurer has paid a particular claim to the original policy holder.