Indian National Movement
The Indian National Movement was a well-organized mass movement
affected by both internal and external influences and concerned with the
interests of the Indian people. In 1885, the Indian National Congress was
founded as a result of it. The following is detailed.
It has been noted that a number of political, sociocultural, and
economic forces combined in India’s freedom wars to fuel the emergence of
nationalism.
• On 28
December 1885 Indian National Congress (INC) was founded on the
premises of Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit School at Bombay. It was presided over by
W.C Banerjee and attended by 72 delegates. A.O Hume played an instrumental role
in the foundation of INC with an aim to provide Safety Valve to the British
Government.
• A.O Hume served
as the first General Secretary of INC.
• The real Aim of
Congress is to train the Indian youth in political agitation and to organize or
to create public opinion in the country. For this, they use the method of an
annual session where they discuss the problem and passed the resolution.
• Indian nationalism’s initial or initial phase is also known as
its moderate phase (1885-1905). W.C. Banerjee, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, R.C.
Dutt, Ferozeshah Mehta, George Yule, and others were moderate leaders.
• Moderates embraced the PPP path—protest, prayer, and
petition—and have complete faith in the British government.
• After 1892, extremism in the congress started to emerge as a
result of dissatisfaction with the Moderates’ working practices Lala Lajpat
Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh were the
leaders of the extremists. They place a stronger focus on swadeshi,
self-reliance, and constructive labor than the PPP method.
• The Swadeshi and Boycott Resolution was enacted in 1905, the
same year that Lord Curzon announced the partition of Bengal for administrative
purposes.
• The first Independence Day celebration took place on January 26,
1930.
• The Dandi March served as the catalyst for the Civil
Disobedience Movement. Gandhi Ji and his 78 disciples marched from Sabarmati
Ashram to Dandi from March 12 to April 6, 1930, breaking the salt ban by
producing salt on April 6.
• The First Round Table Conference took place on November 12,
1930.
• The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5th, 1931.
• The trial of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev took place on
March 23, 1931.
• The Karachi INC Session, presided over by Vallabh Bhai Patel,
took place on March 29, 1931. A resolution on economic policy and fundamental
rights was enacted for the first time during this session.
• Gandhi ji represented the Congress at the Second Round Table
Conference, which took place on September 7, 1931.
• The Communal or Ramsay Macdonald Award was announced on August
16, 1932.
• The Poona Pact was signed on September 26, 1932.
• The Third Round Table Conference took place in November 1932.
• The Government of India Act, which established the All India
Federation, Provincial Autonomy, and Diarchy, was approved in 1935.
Towards Quit India
Movement
Important Congress Sessions:
1936 – Lucknow (UP) – Presided by J.L Nehru
1937 – Faizpur (Maharashtra) – Presided by J.L Nehru (First
session held in the village)
1938 – Haripura (Gujarat) – Presided by S.C Bose
1939 – Tripuri (M.P) – Presided by S.C Bose
• The Second World War began in September 1939, and without
India’s agreement, it was proclaimed an ally.
• S.C. Bose created Forward Bloc in 1939. It belonged to the left.
• Viceroy Lord Linlithgow issued the August Offer on August 10,
1940, in an effort to win the support of Indians for the Second World War.
• On March 11, 1942, Prime Minister Winston Churchill announced
the dispatch of a team, led by Sir Stafford Cripps, to establish a
constitutional solution and address Indian issues.
• Following the collapse of the Cripps Mission, Indian leaders
began the Quit India movement in 1942, and Gandhi Ji prepared the resolution.
Gandhi ji issued the command “Do or Die.”
• Captain Mohan Singh and Niranjan Gill established the Indian
National Army in Singapore in 1942. S. C. Bose assumed control of the
organization’s second headquarters in Singapore and Rangoon.
• S.C. Bose established the Azad Hind Government in Singapore on
October 21, 1943. A female regiment by the name of Rani Jhansi existed.
• The Second World War came to an end in 1945.
• Lord Wavell suggested the Shimla Conference or Wavell Plan in
1945 to break the political impasse.
• In 1946, Prime Minister Clement Attlee unveiled the Cabinet
Mission Plan.
• J.L. Nehru established an interim government on September 2nd,
1946.
• Lord Mountbatten was deployed to India in March 1947 in an
effort to establish a means to transfer authority. sometimes referred to as
Balkan Plan
• The Independence of India Act, 1947, which granted India and
Pakistan the status of Dominion States, was passed on June 3.
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