Analysis of the Cropping Pattern In Dhule District (M.S.).
Dr. Suresh Chintaman Ahire
Uttamrao PatilArts and Science College, Dahivel, Dist.-Dhule (M.S.),ahiresuresh9@gmail.com
Abstract:
New cropping patterns have been accepted by the farmers of the study region, due to climate change and uneven rainfall. Geographical and economical factors have boosted the cultivation and production of cereals crop. The Dhule district is drought prone district, soit is select for present study. Agriculture is the main occupation in the district, geographical phenomena is uneven. Annual rainfall is unsatisfied for agriculture. Therefore, the study of spatial distribution and temporal variability were vital in characterizing the geographic factor and nature of cereals crop cultivation.Therefore it is important to study the cropping pattern in this district. The aim of present paper is to examine the temporal changes and relation between rainfall and cropping pattern. Present study is based on secondary source of data year 2005 and 2015. Simple statistical technique is used to analyze the changing trend of cropping pattern. For calculating transformation the data 2005 and 2015 are compared. The data is representing with graph and map using GIS software and MS Excel is applies to analyze. In Dhule district area under cereals crops are changes in various tehasils. Cerealscrops cultivationhas occupied area 247051 Ha. (60.26% of NSA) in the year 2005 and occupied area decrease upto 145056 Ha. (37.16 % of NSA) in the year 2009 due to the flexibility of the rainfall. Keyword: Crop, Cropping pattern, Drought prone, Plantation,Agriculture
Introduction:
India has a great diverse agricultural systems as well as it posses’ rich agricultural resources, different geographical, factors had resulted into agricultural typologies. Therefore, important agricultural facility is usefulprogramme to improved productivity and thereby achieving rural development. They may beachieved by technological intervention and by adopting strategic cropping pattern. This would reduce the water requirement of agricultural without comprising agricultural output.Maharashtra is leading state in area and production of cereals crops in the country. According to some expert and farmers there is a shift from cereals crops to other because of water requirement, low input and high profitability over these crops. Drought is a major problem in Dhule district. They are natural hazards and are related with rainfall. Drought may be best benefited as persistent and abnormal moisture deficiency that has an adverse impact on agricultureAgriculture in this district is mostly of intensive subsistence type. There are two main crop growing seasons, its Kharif and Rabbi. Jawar crop is grown in both seasons.
Study area: The shape of the study area is triangular. It is located in the northern part of the Maharashtra State. It has occupied over an area of 8063.11 sq.km. It is extended from 20038 N to 21039 N latitudes and from 73050 E to 75013l E longitudes (Fig. No.1). Dhule district contributes 2.62 percent total geographical area of the Maharashtra State. As per the 2011 Census, the population of Dhule district is 2,048, 781. The density of population is 285 persons per sq. km.
Objectives:
To study the temporal changing cropping pattern of Dhule district.
To study the relation between rainfall and cropping pattern of Dhule district.
Hypothesis:
Cereals cropping pattern depend on rainy days and annual rainfall
Database and Methodology:
In this study secondary data have been collected from various socio-economic reports of Dhule districts. Analysis the 2005 and 2015 is cropping pattern. Simple statistical techniques are used to analyze the changing trend in cropping pattern, for calculating transformation the data 2005 and 2009 are compared. The data have been summarized processed and representedwith graph and map using GIS software, MS Excel was applied to process and analysis the data.In the present paper out of all crops only cereal cropping pattern has been studded. Cereal crops like Bajara, Rice, Wheat, Maize, Jower, Nachani and Pulses are studded.
Results and Discussion:
Dhule district comes under drought prone area. Cereal crop is a major crop in this district. Tahsilwice rainfall is varied; hence cereals crop cultivation is also uneven. Annual rain fall is highest in Shirpur tahsil (above 700mm). Shirpur tahsil does not come under drought area. Therefore amount of cereal crop is 43% of NSA in 2005 and 15% of NSA in 2015. Shindkhed Dhule and eastern part of Sakri tahsilcome under drought prone area. Hence near about 70% of NSA fall under cultivation area of cereal crops. In 2015 due to rainfall is increase cereal crop cultivation area has been declined from 60% of NSA (2005) to 37% of NSA (2015). Sakri tahsil stood first in cereal crop cultivation in Dhule district (70% of NSA 2005 and 51% of NSA in 2015)Bajara crop cultivated all over the district, area under Bajara crop in 2005 was 60.26% of NSA and in 2015 it was 37.16v. In 2015 due to increase in rainfall (Annual average rainfall 673mm) instead of cereal cropping pattern other cash crop cultivated area has been increased.
The net sown area in the Dhue district was 409900ha. and 390458ha. year 2005 and 2015 respectively. This year cereals have occupied 247051ha. (60.26% of NSA) and 145096ha. (37.16% of NSA) area in 2005 and 2015 respectively. The main cereals crops have been Bajara, Jawar and Wheat are the important food grain crop in the district. Maize is mostly grown in the irrigated areas. High proportion of cereals indicated that the tahasils has very low level of commercialization of agriculture. The field observation revealed that the tahsils dominated by cereals with slightly more than half the cultivated areas.
Bajara :
Bajara is the important food crop cultivated in the district. It is generally taken in kharif season and hence it must have replaced hybrid that was grown in the same season. It is usually grown on the light to medium soil. It requires dry climate and less rainfall bajara is grown everywhere in the district. The use of high yielding verities of seeds is increased in the district. The farmer mostly areas this crop when the amount of rainfall is less. Through bajara is the important kharif crop it is also grown in rabbi season Dhule and Shindkheda tahasils. Rabbi bajara is grown in the summer season in the villages having the irrigation facilities.Climate of the district is suitable for Bajara crop. This crop can be taken low amount of rainfall. Sakri tahsil stood first in the cultivation area of bajara 33.51 % of NSA, it is follow by Dhule (30.59% of NSA), Shindkheda (24.46% of NSA) and lowest area under cultivation is Shirpur tahsil which is 15.22% of NSA in 2005. In 2015, due to increase in rainfall, inspite of bajara, maize and other cash crops have been cultivated.
Jowar:
Jawar is also important food grain crop in the district. It is cultivated in kharif and rabbi crop season. The jowar cultivation is basically related to firstly low rainfall and secondly soil in the district. It is traditionally cultivated as a rain feed crop in the both seasons.Jowar is cultivated all over the district. Highest area under cultivation of jower is in dhule tahsil (19.68% of NSA), which is followed by Shindkheda (15.12% of NSA), Shirpur (10.55% of NSA)and lowest area under jower cultivation is in Sakri tahsil(1.26% of NSA)in 2005. But in 2015, due to increase in average rainfall, area under this crop has been declined.
Rice:
Rice crop is cultivated only in western part of Sakri tahsil and Shirpur tahsil in Dhule district. The average annual rainfall in this area is 650 to 750mm, which is higher and suitable for rice crop. The area under cultivation is increased Sakri tahsil 3.72% of NSA in 2005 to 10.54% of NSA in 2015. Dhule tahsil this crop is rarely cultivation and in Shindkheda tahsil rice crop is not cultivated.
| Table no. : Tahsil wise Cereals Crop Cultivation Area in Dhule district (2005 and 2015) | ||||||||
| Tehsil | Sr. No. | Crops | 2005 | 2015 | ||||
| Area in Ha. | % of NSA | % of Cereals | Area in Ha. | % of NSA | % of Cereals | |||
| Shirpur | 1 | Bajara | 9242 | 15.22 | 21.598 | 3404 | 5.35 | 16.52 |
| 2 | Jawar | 6408 | 10.55 | 14.975 | 2181 | 3.43 | 10.59 | |
| 3 | Rice | 20 | 0.03 | 0.047 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 4 | Wheat | 653 | 1.08 | 1.526 | 1456 | 2.29 | 7.07 | |
| 5 | Maize | 0 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 118 | 0.19 | 0.57 | |
| 6 | Nachni | 0 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| 8 | Pulses | 10165 | 16.74 | 23.755 | 6286 | 9.89 | 30.51 | |
| Total | 26488 | 43.61 | 61.901 | 13445 | 21.15 | 65.25 | ||
| Shindkheda | 1 | Bajara | 26038 | 24.46 | 25.63 | 19283 | 20.07 | 28.82 |
| 2 | Jawar | 16094 | 15.12 | 15.84 | 6058 | 6.30 | 9.06 | |
| 3 | Rice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| 4 | Wheat | 810 | 0.76 | 0.80 | 1370 | 1.43 | 2.05 | |
| 5 | Maize | 277 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 523 | 0.54 | 0.78 | |
| 6 | Nachni | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| 8 | Pulses | 15145 | 14.23 | 14.91 | 13431 | 13.98 | 20.08 | |
| Total | 58364 | 54.83 | 57.45 | 40665 | 42.32 | 60.79 | ||
| Sakri | 1 | Bajara | 48662 | 35.51 | 27.28 | 1942 | 1.65 | 1.09 |
| 2 | Jawar | 1731 | 1.26 | 0.97 | 4 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| 3 | Rice | 5103 | 3.72 | 2.86 | 12422 | 10.54 | 11.65 | |
| 4 | Wheat | 3425 | 2.50 | 1.92 | 6164 | 5.23 | 3.46 | |
| 5 | Maize | 13463 | 9.82 | 7.55 | 22369 | 18.99 | 12.54 | |
| 6 | Nachni | 4399 | 3.21 | 2.47 | 921 | 0.78 | 0.52 | |
| 8 | Pulses | 19007 | 13.87 | 10.66 | 17049 | 14.47 | 9.56 | |
| Total | 95790 | 69.89 | 53.71 | 60871 | 51.67 | 38.82 | ||
| Dhule | 1 | Bajara | 32318 | 30.59 | 25.99 | 3112 | 2.76 | 5.07 |
| 2 | Jawar | 20796 | 19.68 | 16.72 | 12926 | 11.44 | 21.06 | |
| 3 | Rice | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 14 | 0.01 | 0.02 | |
| 4 | Wheat | 2052 | 1.94 | 1.65 | 2332 | 2.06 | 3.80 | |
| 5 | Maize | 2770 | 2.62 | 2.23 | 3201 | 2.83 | 5.21 | |
| 6 | Nachni | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| 8 | Pulses | 8471 | 8.02 | 6.81 | 8530 | 7.55 | 13.90 | |
| Total | 66409 | 62.85 | 53.41 | 30115 | 26.66 | 49.06 | ||
| Total | 247051 | 60.26 | 145096 | 37.16 | ||||
| Source: Dhule district Socio-Economic Report, 2005 &2015 | ||||||||
| Table no: Tehsil wise Annual rainfall, Raini days and Drought prone Villages in Dhule district. (2005 and 2009) | |||||||||
| Sr. No. | Tehsils | Annual Rainfall in mm | Total Villages | Droughtprone Villages | NSA in Ha. | ||||
| 2005 | Raini days | 2015 | Raini days | 2005 | 2009 | ||||
| 1 | Shirpur | 603 | 47 | 687 | 23 | 152 | 0 | 60732 | 63569 |
| 2 | Shindkheda | 388 | 41 | 584 | 26 | 143 | 143 | 106446 | 96100 |
| 3 | Sakri | 687 | 44 | 774 | 32 | 212 | 110 | 137056 | 117804 |
| 4 | Dhule | 318 | 40 | 623 | 28 | 166 | 166 | 105666 | 112985 |
| Average/Total | 499 | 172 | 667 | 109 | 673 | 419 | 409900 | 390458 | |
| Rainfall in % | 92 | 110 | |||||||
| Source: Agriculture Commissioner Office, Pune | |||||||||
Wheat:
Wheat is the third important food grain in the district. This crop is grown in the medium and black soil. It is cultivated in dry and cool month of rabbi season. The farmer has grown the crop on a very small scale in the district. The crop is taken as an irrigated crop. The agricultural land is prepared after the harvested season of bajara. Sowing is done in the month of Oct. / Nov. The crop date takes 110 to 140 days to mature from the date of sowing. Now, improved verities of seed are sown in the district. Wheat cultivation area increased the mainly because of increase in area under irrigation by Panzar, Kan and Kabryakhadak medium projects.This crop is cultivated very less (1 to 3.8% of NSA) Dhule district in 2015. Climate of the District is not suitable for this crop. Therefore, the average production of this crop is very less.
Maize:
Maize is important crop which is mostly usa as a fodder in the Sakri, Dhule and Shindakheda tahsils. The area under maize has increased for the year 2005 (4.23 of % NSA) to the year 2009 (5.63% of NSA). Maize crop gives a higher production and income of the farmer in Dhule district. The area under cultivation of this crop is increasing day by day. The climate of this District except Shirpur tahsil, is favorable for this crop. In 2005 higest area under cultivation of the crop is Sakri (9.82% of NSA) and it followed by Dhule (2.62% of NSA), Shindkheda (0.26% of NSA). The crop requires water in large amount. It needs irrigation facility. In Sakri tahsil Panzara, Kan, Kamkheli and Kabryakhadak irrigation medium water tank. Whereas, in 2015, the area under cultivation of the crop is increased double higher due to hybrid seed and irrigation facilities.
Nachni:
Nachni is important kharif crop in only Sakri tahsil in Dhule district. The area under Nachani in year 2005 was 3.21 % of NSA and year 2015 was 0.75% of NSA in Sakri tahsil. The Nachani is grown on the light soil and heavy rainfall area.In high rainfall area, this crop is cultivation. In Dhule district, only in western part of Sakri tahsil Nachani crop is cultivated, which is due to the high rainfall in hilly area of Sayadri. The crop is cultivated in (3.21% of NSA) area as per 2005.
Pulses:
Pulses grown in all tahsils in Dhule district. It is dominant crop in shirpur tahsil. It is account 13.21% of NSA in year 2005 and 11.47% of NSA in year 2015. In the tahsil a variety of pulses area grown like Gram, Tur, Green gram, Mug, Chavali, Wal, Green peas etc. Almost all the pulses except Gram and Tur are cultivated in kharif season. Mostly varieties of pulses are cultivated in all tahsils in dhule district. The pulses are grown on light soil in the district.This crop can be cultivated in both less and high rainfall area. This crop is economically beneficial. The crop is cultivated in all tehsils of the district. In 2015 in Sakri tahsil, the crop is cultivated in 14.17% of NSA.
Generally, cereal crop is cultivated all over the district. If rainfall is increased, other crops like cotton, Sugarcane Vegetable can be cultivated in large amount. Dhule district is drought prone area, hence cereals cropping pattern analysis is essentional. Geographical and technological factors affect on the cereals cropping pattern.
Suggestions:
1. For cereals crop, instead of traditional cropping pattern, new technological cropping needs to be accepted for better results.
2. Newly developed hybrid seeds of cereals crop need to be used.
3. Where there is less rainfall, irrigation system based on new technology is to be used.
4. In less rainfall and less area, higher productivitycropping pattern to be accepted.
5. Fruit crop cultivated in less water area like Pomegranate, Crusted Apple, Ber etc. are to cultivated
6. Cereal crops should betaken for commercial purposes instead of traditional cropping pattern.
References:
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