Mothers Day

Our mothers are like a security blanket to us because she saves us from all problems. She never regards her own problems and listens to us all time. In order to give her respect, the second Sunday of May month has been dedicated to her to celebrate mother’s day. This event is of great importance to us and our mothers. On this day we should keep our mothers happy and never make them sad. We should always obey her and do work properly. She always wants to make us a good human being in life.

A big program is organized in our school every year on mother’s day to celebrate it conjointly. Our teachers help us in getting prepared for the mother’s day occasion. We learn lots of poems, rhymes, essays, speeches on Mother’s day, conversations, etc for the celebration of this occasion. We are really blessed by God with a caring and loving mother. Without mothers our lives are nothing. We are so lucky as we have a mother. We give lots of special gifts to our mother and she gives us lots of love and care. Out teachers give us an invitation card to invite our mother to school and be the glory of the occasion.

Mothers do lots of activities in the classroom like dancing, singing, poem recitation, speech, etc for our happiness. We too take part in the celebration and show our talent (such as poem recitation, essay writing, speech, dance, singing, etc) in front of the mother and teacher. Our mothers bring a lot of delicious dishes with them to school. At the end of the celebration, we all enjoy eating those delicious dishes together with our teachers and mothers. We are served a variety of dishes by our mothers.

Our mothers are very special. Even after being tired she always smiles for us. She tells us different poems and stories while sleeping in the night. She helps us in preparing our project works and home works and helps us during exam time. She takes care of our uniform and school dress. She teaches us to eat anything only after proper hand washes with soap and water. She teaches us good manners, etiquette, morality, humanity, and helping others always in life. She takes care of my father, grandparents, and my small sister. We all too love her too much and take her outside weekly with all family members.

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great was a king of Macedonia who conquered an empire that stretched from Balkans to modern-day Pakistan. He was born on July 20th, 356 BC in Pella, which was the administrative capital of Macedonia.

Alexander was the son of Philip II and Olympias, one of Philip’s eight wives. He was brought up with the belief that he was of divine birth. From his early days, Olympias had encouraged him to believe that he was a descendent of heroes and gods. Nothing he had accomplished would have discouraged him from believing. The personality of Alexander the Great was a paradox. He had great charisma and force of personality, but his character was full of contradictions, especially in his later years. However, he had the ability to motivate his army to do what seems to be impossible.

Alexander was a visionary. His ability to dream, plan and strategize on a large scale allowed him too many battles, even when he was outnumbered. It also helped motivate his men, who knew they were part of one of the greatest conquests in history. Alexander could be inspiring and courageous, continued Abernethy. He was devoted to training his mean, rewarding them with honours and spoils, and going into battle beside them, which furthered their devotion and confidence. The fact that Alexander was young, beautiful and empathetic only helped to increase his influence on his soldiers and subjects.

His father was often away, conquering neighbouring territories and putting down revolts. Nevertheless, King Philip II of Macedon was one of Alexander’s most influential role models. Philip ensured Alexander was given a noteworthy and significant education. He arranged for Alexander to be tutored by Aristotle himself. His education infused him with a love of knowledge, logic, philosophy, music and culture. The teachings of Aristotle would later aid him in the treatment of his new subjects in the empires he invaded and conquered, allowing him to admire and maintain these disparate cultures.

Alexander watched his father campaign nearly every year and win victory after victory. Philip remodelled the Macedonian army from citizen-warriors into a professional organization. In early 324 BC, Alexander reached the city of Susa in Persia. Wanting to unite the Persians and Macedonian and create a new race loyal to him, he ordered many of his officers to marry Persian princesses at a mass wedding. He also took two more wives for himself.

The Macedonian army resented Alexander’s attempt to change their culture, and many mutinied. But after Alexander took a firm stand and replaced Macedonian officers and troops with Persians, his army-backed down. To further diffusion the situation, Alexander returned their titles hosted a huge reconciliation banquet.

Many conquered lands retained the Greek influence Alexander introduced, and several cities he founded remain important cultural centers even today. The period of history from his death to 31 BC, when his empire folded, would come to be known as the Hellenistic period. Alexander the Great is revered as the most powerful and influential leaders in the ancient world ever produced.

In 334 BC Alexander III of Macedon better known as Alexander the Great set out on his grand campaign of conquest against the Persian Achaemenid Empire, aged just 22. Benefitting from the conquests, diplomacy and military reforms of his father, Philip II, Alexander has inherited a powerful professional army that utilized the Phalanx formation.

He would go on to forge one of the largest empires the world had yet seen, conquering the mighty Persian Empire and marching his army as far as the Beas River in India. Alexander won four victories against the Persians: the Battle of the Granicus: May 334 BC, The Battle of Issus: 5 November 333 BC, The Battle of Gaugamela: 1 October 331 BC, The Battle of the Persian Gate: 20 January 330 BC. His ability to dream, plan and strategize on a large scale allowed him too many battles, even when he was outnumbered.

Mental Health

Mental health is crucial and integrates a component of health. Mental health includes an individual’s psychological, emotional and social well-being. Proper mental health results in the proper mental functioning that result in being productive in activities, healthy and fulfilling relationships with other people and having the ability to cope and adapt to adversity.

Proper mental health is essential in every stage of life – from childhood and teenage to adulthood. Throughout a lifetime, an individual can experience mental health issue at any point. This affects not only their mood and behaviour but also changes their way of thinking, of looking at life and facing challenges.

Even though mental health is a highly personal thing, what affects one person may or may not affect the other person; however, some significant factors contribute to mental health problems. These factors include life experiences such as trauma or abuse, biological factors such as genes or chemistry of the brain, and even the family history of mental health problems can affect an individual. Poor mental health is also linked with stressful work conditions, rapid social changes, gender discrimination, gender discrimination, social exclusion, physical illness and human rights violation.

Mental health problems are common, but for the longest time, people have avoided the entire concept of it and taken mental health for granted. At one point, mental health was considered taboo, and anyone seeking help was labelled as mentally ill. Mental health and mental illness are not similar things.

For a long time, mental health has been defined as the absence of mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression. Mental illness typically refers to all the diagnosable mental disorders – health conditions that are characterized by alterations in mood, thinking and behaviour associated with impaired functioning or distress.

Mental health and mental illness together go hand in hand. Individuals having optimal mental health conditions can also face mental illness, where people who have no mental illness can also have poor mental health. In recent times, people have started taking mental health seriously and taking proper steps in dealing with any mental health issues. Help is available out there; people with mental health problems can get better by seeking help.

People suffering from mental health issues show various symptoms such as little or no energy, pushing away people and pulling themselves back from regular activities, loss of sleep or the will to eat, smoking, drinking or doing drugs, feeling helpless, yelling and fighting, losing temper very quickly, harming themselves and many more.

Taking care of mental health not only is getting help from professionals when needed but also connecting with other, getting involved in physical activities, helping others, getting enough sleep and staying positive that there is a way out. Positive mental health allows people to realize their full potential, cope with stress in life, work productively and make meaningful contributions to the community. Various factors in people’s lives such as intrapersonal relations, physical factors, childhood trauma and many other conditions can disrupt mental health conditions. Taking care and looking after one’s mental health preserves an individual’s ability to enjoy life.

Mental health is not only the psychological and emotional well-being of an individual but also it is the state of well-being where an individual can use their emotional and cognitive abilities to meet the demands of everyday life and contribute to the society. Mental health is essential in every stage of one’s life, starting from childhood to adolescents up to adulthood.

Every year October 10th is observed as world mental health day. It was started as an annual activity by the world federation by the deputy secretary-general of UNO (United Nations Organisation) at that time for mental health.

Mental health resources in every country are different. At the same time, developed countries of the western world provide mental health programs for every age group. In third world countries where it becomes a struggle to find the basic needs of the families, not much importance is given providing proper mental health aid.

An Indian Temple

Foreigners often remark that India is a land of temples, shrines and sacred places. With the history of India are intertwined many stories that are religious, legendary and social. Right from Kashmir to Kerala, we come across temples of many Gods and Goddesses.

One of the biggest temples of India is the newly built Lakshmi Narayan temple (Birla Mandir) in Delhi. This temple was built by late industrialist Shri G.D. Birla.

As we approach the temple, we see a majestic and magnificent construction. It covers a wide area having the front wall artistically built with gates in it. At the back of this temple, lie the hilly mounds. The trees give it a very natural and fascinating look.

The entire temple has been built with marble. Inside the temple, there is the statue of Lord Krishna that lies in the central precincts. There are engravings and murals on the walls of the inner temple that depict the stories of The Ramayana and The Mahabharata. There are green lawns inside the temple and parks having many swings and slides on which the children can play. The figures of cow, camel, bear and many other animals, have been carved in stone. The fountains and water coming out of a tiger’s mouth attract people.

On one side of the temple akhand-kirtan or non-stop singing goes on in praise of the Lord. People going to the temple listen to it with full attention. Devotees, saints and sages are seen reciting the sacred hymns of the holy Bhagwad Gita.

The Lakshmi Narayan Temple wears a grand and decent look on the days of Janam Ashtami and Ram Navami, i.e., the birthdays of Lord Krishna and Lord Rama, respectively. Thousands of visitors visit this temple on these days. There is a great rush of people during these days. The temple-tops are illuminated with fancy electric bulbs and it presents an exquisite sight.

Pujas are performed. This sacred place hums with activity during the festivals. The entire temple is lit-up with electric bulbs and lights on the day of Deepawali. If we visit this temple on Deepawali, when it is decorated with glittering lights and adorned by the flowers and other decorative things, we derive great mental satisfaction and solace.

A Journey By Train In Winter

journey by train is always an interesting experience. In the winter of 2009,1 happened to attend the marriage of one of my friends. My friend lived in Amritsar. I got a seat reserved in the first-class compartment from Delhi to Amritsar in a super-fast train and its a winter season.

When the train crossed the platform, it began to pick up speed. Soon, it ran very fast and after some time, reached Panipat. I was carrying some novels, tit-bits, magazines and a newspaper with me. For some time, I read but I soon got bored and gazed outside. A peep through the window of the train showed me a charming sight. I saw lush green fields, trees, groves and forests from the window of the running train. I also saw farmers ploughing the fields. Then my train reached Ambala at 4.50 p.m. Here I had my evening tea at the tea-stall on the railway platform. There was a lot of rush. The hawkers and vendors were selling a variety of foodstuffs. Soon, the train whistled. I got into my compartment and the train left the station.

From Ambala, a foreigner couple boarded my compartment. The couple seemed nice and friendly, so I enquired about their country. The man at once quipped that he belonged to Norway. Then both the husband and wife began to narrate the facts about Norwegians. They also compared the same with the facts and information about India. His wife spoke highly of Indian womanhood. She praised their beauty and behaviour. She also praised the culture, civilisation and places of historical and religious interests in India. Both were deeply impressed by the grandeur of Punjab. Its folklores and festivals were highly appreciated by them. This chat with the foreigner couple was quite interesting for me.

It was night. There was darkness outside. The chilling wind began to blow. My train was nearing its destination. The train halted at Jalandhar. The engine was also changed there. The train then steamed off and ran at full throttle. The piercing wind was penetrating through the open window panes. At 9 p.m. the train reached Amritsar. The platform was lit up with lights. I got down from the train. I met my friend who had come to receive me at the railway station. We both then drove to his home. It was a pleasant journey by train in winter. It added to my experience and knowledge.

THE BOYS- REVIEW

I was a bit apprehensive at first by just seeing that the premise of this show was based on superheroes. I didn’t think that they would have the budget to deliver the level of VFX that Marvel and DC have been managing to. Although they get around this issue by spacing out action set pieces and largely constraining to hand to hand combat when they do get to the larger action scenes involving computer effects and stunt coordination they are able to deliver on a large scale.

In many ways, this did not feel like a TV show at all. It felt like an 8-hour movie that was just split into 8 halves. There are no instances where the show seemed to drag for the purpose of producing more episodes, it did not also pander to less interesting side characters to pass the time. The whole show seems very cohesive and consistent with the logic in its universe. It also adroitly uses its soundtrack at appropriate places only when it is necessary. The show also manages to balance humor and its dark tone quite well.

I found this show extremely mature, not only in the sense of its visual presentation which is extremely gory and ultra-violent but also in terms of the ideas and themes it is trying to convey. It touches on many topics like religion, fame, capitalism, nihilism, and loss. All these ideas are eloquently carried out throughout the show in such a way that they do not impede the actual story development. The color pallet of this show is also very dark and grainy, which I am not always a fan of but it actually works here because unlike other films or shows who use their R rating unwittingly and sporadically, this one uses it with the purpose to show the reality of the world.

By far my favorite aspect of this show is its characters. Every character in this show has multiple dimensions. They are not just completely evil or noble, even some of our main characters have questionable morals. They all have a strong background and motivation and they definitely do justice in further developing these characters as the season moves along. I found the character of Billy Butcher, played by Karl Urban, the most interesting. This is because several aspects of his life are lightly alluded throughout the season, making the audience want to know more about this character.

I know this is not the first of its kind to make a show about morally compromised heroes but it is also a lot more than that. It has a lot to say about society and huge cooperations running our lives. It just uses superheroes as a medium to convey all those ideas. My only gripe with this show is its plot convenience and misplaced exposition. I strongly recommend checking it out.

The Generation Gap

By Anshiki Jadia

In this age of the web where we as a whole have simple admittance to data; we actually do not have a comprehension of the more youthful age. What’s more, this is the thing that we call the age hole. It is only a mental hole among guardians and grown-ups and the more youthful age.

There consistently has stayed a fracture between any two ages with respect to the thoughts of life, achievement, love, and so on and exceptional because of innovation, it has essentially erupted everything up. To place it in basic terms, an age hole can be clarified in 4 words, “You will not get this”. This sentence is utilized by everybody, we as a whole have said this to our folks and even they have said this to their folks.

Social contrasts between age

What are the reasons for the age hole? For what reason does this occur?

Back in the days, guardians were just worried about their kid’s investigations and marriage. Essentially, the focal point of their universe was their kid. However, these days, guardians have a far more occupied timetable. They have endless available time, an insane huge group of friends and also they are fixated on the cell phones and the web very much like youngsters.

While youngsters feel worried and restless on the grounds that they have a great deal to do and dominate at. Their timetable is so full they scarcely figure out how to examine what’s happening. They return home from school and are now late for their other arranged exercises and training. They appear to upgrade their characters however what guardians don’t comprehend is that too many arranged exercises cause strain on the kid’s psyche as they need to perform well at all the levels and the pressing factor keeps stacking up.

Innovation is one of the significant reasons for this age hole. Let’s be honest, our PCs, cell phones, tablets, the web, and every one of the web-based media applications have removed us further separated. We have begun living in our advanced world as opposed to the actual one and presently sharing stuff via web-based media is a higher priority than offering musings and sentiments to our family. Rather than making eating times fun, we continue utilizing our cell phones for clicking purported stylish photos of the nourishment for online media or to answer to talks and messages.

Another explanation could be the distinction in childhood, the psychological system contrasts from one another. Mental and personal conduct standards are shaped based on conditions one goes through. In this way, when individuals of various ages interact with one another they regularly are actuated to a distinction in thoughts and sentiments, correspondence holes, clashes, and so forth
A larger part of guardians invest less energy speaking with and paying attention to their children, despite the fact that they love them definitely. This is because of their bustling timetable, hefty responsibility, and stress looked at the working environment. They are under a great deal of strain to find some kind of harmony among work and family and kids don’t share their school life or other everyday occasions with their folks. Essentially, guardians are making incredible penances to make money. Despite what might be expected, their children are being ignored. Guardians may not know their’s thought process and this prompts a correspondence hole between them.
Guardians have a great deal of worries about their youngsters’ scholastic presentation at school as opposed to focusing on their diversions and interests. Accordingly, kids might not have total opportunity in the decision of some action and the books that they read. They may feel that they are confined like birds and thus, kids begin feeling less associated with their folks.

How might you connect age holes in the family?

So how individuals who had no TV, or watched highly contrasting TV identify with individuals who stare at the TV on their cell phones? See the decency in each and begin gaining from one another as opposed to chastening and detesting each other’s methodologies, ruining connections, making clashes, and expanding distance.

More established individuals consistently need to go about as coaches directing the more youthful age in all issue. Both the ages should recognize that occasions change thus do the lifestyles. The old should acknowledge the change and the methods of the youthful just as take in specific things from them in any event, when they assume the part of tutors.
It frequently happens that the two ages simply don’t have any desire to pay attention to one another. Listening doesn’t intend to just zero in on “WHAT” is said yet additionally “WHY” it is said. This methodology can bring about lesser struggles at home.
Try not to talk about delicate subjects. Individuals can be extremely touchy about grades in instruction, religion, governmental issues, sex, and so on The assessment on these themes might contrast in more youthful age. In this way, conflict between the two ages can happen without any problem. A particularly generational debate can make things humiliating and off-kilter for the two players.
Outrage isn’t the correct method to manage anything. It has just raised the hole between the two ages. Outrage causes you to appear to be unsympathetic, unbending, self-important, or most noticeably awful of all even mistaken. It causes adolescents to get things done secretly and they become unyielding. Rather than condemning them or blowing up, show them the way. Give them a patient hearing and an answer for their concern.
To wrap things up, attempt to send inspirational tones. You can embrace, grin, express expressions of understanding, appreciation, and friendship, and this positive energy will draw in the young people towards you. Investing quality energy with your youngsters can truly fabricate solid intergenerational bonds and they will feel certain, protected, and sincerely sound.

Both the ages have their individual encounters and viewpoints, they will undoubtedly have various feelings and perspectives with respect to different parts of life, for example, profession decisions, way of life, and substantially more. Along these lines, tolerating that distinctions are ordinary and that anybody has a privilege to their own conviction can help in spanning this age hole.

Strange Behaviors Of Your Cat

By Anshiki Jadia

Felines make awesome associates, however they can be interested critters. They like to knock their heads against us, snooze tight boxes, ply our laps, and participate in a wide range of peculiar practices. What do these practices mean and when would it be a good idea for you to look for help from your veterinarian?

Skipping Off the Walls

Felines and particularly little cats can be exceptionally lively and enthusiastic. Some of the time they oust all that energy by dashing from one space to another, bouncing all over on the furnishings, and going a little off the deep end. This sort of conduct can likewise be a response to catnip, which can make felines act silly for brief timeframes.

All that vivacious action is typical, however it can prompt wounds. It’s useful to check out your home and ensure your feline’s region is pretty much as protected as could be expected. For example, set aside things that could get pushed over and keep windows shut. Felines who drop out of windows can experience the ill effects of elevated structure condition, which are wounds that can include: a messed up jaw, broken ribs, and different issues.

On the off chance that this conduct is upsetting your family, you should discover approaches to assist with diverting your feline’s energy. Make time to mess around like pursue to destroy them and furnish them with intuitive toys they can appreciate all alone. In case you’re confounded, talk with your veterinarian.

Head Bumping

At the point when your feline bop, bop, bops you with their head, they’re saying, “I love you!” They’re additionally telling everybody that you have a place with them. Felines have pheromones in their cheek regions that mark you as their ownership. However, relax if your feline doesn’t headbutt you. There are bunches of alternate ways felines show their adoration.

Babbling

At any point hear your feline babbling while at the same time watching the birds zooming around the yard? That sound comes from their fervor at seeing potential prey joined with the disappointment of not having the option to get at them. Felines can likewise make other peculiar commotions like trilling, yowling, and hacking.

Biting Weird Things

A few felines bite on odd things, similar to fleece covers, socks, plastic sacks, or elastic groups. This conduct can be because of fatigue, uneasiness, or ailment. It can likewise happen in felines who were weaned too soon and want to “nurture” on delicate things, as toys or covers.

This propensity is hazardous since it can cause stifling, intestinal blockages, and different issues. In the event that your feline is biting on unpalatable things, you should visit your veterinarian to sort out the reason and best course of treatment.

In the event that your feline swallows an article, an ASPCA Pet Health Insurance plan can help you cover the expenses of care. Get a statement now.

Snoozing in Tight Places

Felines love to slip into little spaces like boxes, bureau compartments, washroom cupboards, or storeroom corners where they feel comfortable and secure. They might even lean toward these spots to a comfortable pet bed. This conduct can be followed back to their wildcat progenitors who might rest securely stowed away to assist with keeping away from hunters.

Giving Gifts

Felines are notorious for leaving us undesirable gifts, like dead mice or birds. This is really their method of saying thanks to us for everything we accomplish for them. While you should feel regarded your feline needed to impart their crown jewels to you, you ought to try not to overplay it. Try not to chide your feline for this ordinary conduct and unquestionably don’t laud them or you could wind up with more gifts.

While it will not prevent your feline from discovering mice or other natural life that get inside, you can assist with forestalling gift giving by keeping your feline inside consistently as suggested by our essential accomplice the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals® (ASPCA®). This likewise shields your feline from infectious illnesses and parasites.

Overlooking You

In case your feline’s overlooking you, it’s presumably not due to anything you did. Our famously free felines need a brief period to themselves once in a while. It’s a smart thought to let your feline be the point at which they are acting along these lines. Relax—they’ll come search you out for some consideration when they need it.

Manipulating

For what reason do felines manipulate things with their paws? It might return to their little cat days when they would push on their mama’s stomach to animate milk stream. They may likewise do it basically on the grounds that they’re feeling loose and content. Plying shouldn’t be an issue except if your feline’s paws are delving into your thighs. For this situation, it very well may be an ideal opportunity to get out the nail trimmers and securely trim them down.

Pushing Things Over

It very well may be frightening and baffling when your feline pushes a book off your end table or pushes over an outlined picture, however this is typical conduct. Felines have delicate paws and like to smack things around to look at them. This is something they do with their prey as well. Felines likewise wreck things to stand out enough to be noticed.

It is ideal to overlook your feline when they are taking part in this movement, or you may support the conduct. You should likewise put important or fragile articles out of paw’s range.

Snacking on Plants

Felines snack on plants for bunches of various reasons. It very well may be on the grounds that their stomach is disturbed, they think that its encouraging, they are interested, or they need to borrow your time. Obviously, this can be an issue in the event that they bite on destructive plants, similar to lilies or daffodils.

Assuming you need to have plants in your home, ensure they are alright for felines. You ought to likewise be cautious where you place them. Felines can push over pruned plants, which can bring about wounds just as a major wreck. Furthermore, fertilized soil can contain parasite eggs. Keep felines out of the dirt or get some information about cleaned soil.

Let’s Communicate

By Anshiki Jadia

Have you at any point been in that abnormal circumstance with somebody where you were unable to move beyond the short discussions? Starts with the good tidings and afterward a total full stop? The underlying driver of this load of issues is ill-advised relational abilities!

WHAT EXACTLY IS COMMUNICATION?

Indeed, the course book might characterize it as “the demonstration of giving, getting, and sharing data” But it is significantly more than that, and when placed into straightforward words, it’s essentially trading thoughts and considerations, being liberal about one another’s point of view and being somewhat weak enough to trust the individual that you address.

HOW TO GET BETTER AT COMMUNICATION IN THE PROFESSIONAL SECTOR?

A few group might confront issues when they need to fire up the discussion, they are normally clear initially, don’t have the foggiest idea how to begin the discussion, however when they get into it and open up, they discover no issues in proceeding with the discussion.

Have some ‘profound’ ice breakers close by :

You can’t anticipate that topics should just snap in your psyche, so perhaps it is smarter to set yourself up ahead of time. To do that, you should initially have to accept that, the individual you are conversing with likewise coordinates with a similar excitement as yours. In any event, when uncertain, step up, it might wind up knocking your socks off!

Pose inquiries about subjects the other individual is keen on :

Extraordinary compared to other approaches to proceed with the protection is talking on the subjects the other individual is keen on, so to do that, you should essentially know something’s about him/her, which should either be possible by a little historical verification, assuming the individual you are addressing has direct impact over you, it is smarter to know things about him/her to dazzle. Else you can get by their non-verbal communication with respect to where their inclinations may lay.

Try not to push individuals to see your point of view :

We all are special in our own specific manner, likewise outlooks differ from one individual to another. At the point when you are discussing a specific subject ensure you are simply bringing up your considerations and sentiments yet not pushing them. They will have their own point of view, pay attention to it, not the entirety of our realities should be right as now and then when you go further into the subject you might understand that there is plausible to investigate the matter contrastingly as well! So rather than pushing your considerations, keep the discussion light and end with “What are your viewpoints about it?”

Try not to discuss the climate :

The subject of climate essentially implies that you are either not intrigued by the discussion or don’t have a clue what else to talk about. So I recommend you not take up this theme.

Uncover something somewhat close to home about yourself :

Rather than straightforwardly leaping direct, you can discuss your own insight with regards to why you have the assessment that you have. At the point when you disclose to them more about yourself they get a reasonable thought as well! Rather than asking them inquiries and anticipating answers, you can request their accounts, rather than posing inquiries like, “Did you have a good end of the week?” or, “What’s happening?” have a go at inquiring “What was the most amazing aspect of your end of the week?” or “What are you anticipating this week?”

Never back down, feeling that you talking or that your inflection isn’t adequate. You need to commit errors to learn! Step up and accept circumstances for what they are!

DEEP LEARNING- PART 2

The previous article gave a brief introduction to deep learning. This article deals with the networks used in deep learning. This network is known as a neural network. As the name suggests the network is made up of neurons

The networks used in artificial intelligence are a combination of blocks arranged in layers. These blocks are called an artificial neurons. They mimic the properties of a natural neuron. One of the neurons is the sigmoid neuron.

This is in general the formula for the sigmoid function. Every neural network consists of weights and biases.

Weights- The scalar quantities which get multiplied to the input

Biases- the threshold quantity above which a neuron fires

Notation	Meaning
X	Input
Y	Output
W	Weight
B	Bias

Working of a neuron

This is the simple representation of a neuron. This is similar to the biological neuron. In this neuron, the inputs are given along with some priority known as weights. The higher the value of the weights, the more prioritized is that input. This is the reason for our brain to choose one activity over the other. Activity is done only if the neuron fires. A similar situation is seen here. The particular activity is forwarded to the next layer only if this particular neuron fires. That is the output must be produced from the neuron.

Condition for the neuron to fire

The neuron will produce an output only if the inputs follow the condition.

As mentioned before, the bias is the threshold value and the neuron will fire only when the value crosses this bias. Thus the weighted sum for all the inputs must be greater than the bias in order to produce an output.

Classification of networks

Every neural network consists of three layers majorly: –

Input layer
1. Hidden layer
1. Output layer

Input layer

The input layer consists of inputs in the form of vectors. Images are converted into 1-D vectors. Input can be of any form like audio, text, video, image, etc. which get converted into vectors.

Hidden layer

This is the layer in which all the computations occur. This is generally not visible to the user hence termed as a hidden layer. This layer may be single or multiple based on the complexity of the task to be performed. Each layer processes a part of the task and it is sent to the next layer. Vectors get multiplied with the weight matrix of correct dimensions and this vector gets passed onto the next layer.

Output layer

The output layer gets information from the last layer of the hidden layer. This is the last stage in the network. This stage depends upon the task given by the user. The output will be a 1-D vector. In the case of classification, the vector will have a value high for a particular class. In the case of regression, the output vector will have numbers representing the answer to those questions posed by the user.

The next article is about the feed-forward neural network.

HAPPY LEARNING!!

DEEP LEARNING SERIES- PART 1

Have you ever wondered how the brain works? One way of understanding it is by cutting open the brain and analyzing the structures present inside it. This however can be done by researchers and doctors. Another method is by using electricity to stimulate several regions of the brain. But what if I say that it is possible to analyze and mimic the brain in our computers? Sounds quite interesting right! This particular technology is known as deep learning.

Deep learning is the technique of producing networks that process unstructured data and gives output. With the help of deep learning, it is possible to produce and use brain-like networks for various tasks in our systems. It is like using the brain without taking it out. Deep learning is advanced than machine learning and imitates the brain better than machine learning and also the networks built using deep learning consists of parts known as neurons which is similar to biological neurons. Artificial intelligence has attracted researchers in every domain for the past two decades especially in the medical field; AI is used to detect several diseases in healthcare.

Sl.no	Name	Description	Examples
1	Data	Type of data provided to input	Binary(0,1) Real
2	Task	The operation required to do on the input	Classification(binary or multi) Regression(prediction)
3	Model	The mathematical relation between input and output. This varies based on the task and complexity	MP neuron(Y=x+b) Perceptron(Y=wx+b) Sigmoid or logistic(Y=1/1+exp(wx+b)) *w and b are parameters corresponding to the model
4	Loss function	Kind of a compiler that finds errors between the output and input (how much the o/p leads or lags the i/p).	Square error= square of the difference between the predicted and actual output.
5	Algorithm	A kind of learning procedure that tries to reduce the error computed before	Gradient descent NAG AdaGrad Adam RMSProp
6	Evaluation	Finding how good the model has performed	Accuracy Mean accuracy

Every model in this deep learning can be easily understood through these six domains. Or in other words, these six domains play an important role in the construction of any model. As we require cement, sand, pebbles, and bricks to construct a house we require these six domains to construct a network.

Now it will be more understandable to tell about the general procedure for networks.

Take in the data (inputs and their corresponding outputs) from the user.
Perform the task as mentioned by the user.
Apply the specific relation to the input to compute the predicted output as declared by the user in the form of model by assigning values to parameters in the model.
Find the loss the model has made through computing the difference between the predicted and actual output.
Use a suitable learning algorithm so as to minimize the loss by finding the optimum value for parameters in the network
Run the model and evaluate its performance in order to find its efficiency and enhance it if found less.

By following these steps correctly, one can develop their own machine. In order to learn better on this, pursuing AI either through courses or opting as a major is highly recommended. The reason is that understanding those concepts requires various divisions in mathematics like statistics, probability, calculus, vectors, and matrices apart from programming.

HAPPY READING!!

Historical facts about India

India never invaded any country in her last 10000 years of history.
India invented the Number System. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.
The World’s first university was established in Takshila in 700BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century BC was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
Sanskrit is the mother of all the European languages. Sanskrit is the most suitable language for computer software, reported in Forbes magazine, July 1987.
Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. Today Ayurveda is fast regaining its rightful place in our civilization.
Although modern images of India often show poverty and lack of development, India was the richest country on earth until the time of British invasion in the early 17th Century.
The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit ‘Nou’.
Bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart.; Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: (5th century)365.258756484 days.
The value of pi was first calculated by Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century long before the European mathematicians.
Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India; Quadratic equations were by Sridharacharya in the 11th Century;The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 10^6(10 to the power of 6) whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10^53(10 to the power of 53) with specific names as early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Tera 10^12(10 to the power of 12).
According to the Gemological Institute of America, up until 1896, India was the only source for diamonds to the world.
USA based IEEE has proved what has been a century-old suspicion in the world scientific community that the pioneer of Wireless communication was Prof. Jagdeesh Bose and not Marconi.
The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra.
According to Saka King Rudradaman I of 150 CE a beautiful lake called ‘Sudarshana’ was constructed on the hills of Raivataka during Chandragupta Maurya’s time.
Chess (Shataranja or AshtaPada) was invented in India.
Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted complicated surgeries like cesareans, cataract, artificial limbs, fractures, urinary stones and even plastic surgery and brain surgery. Usage of anesthesia was well known in ancient India. Over 125 surgical equipment were used. Deep knowledge of anatomy, physiology, etiology, embryology,digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity is also found in many texts.
When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization)
The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC.

[These facts were recently published in a German Magazine, which deals with World History Facts about India.]

Grow More Trees To Reduce Pollution

By:Astha Raghav

The alarm and the pain in the present situation which is cautioning people is the environmental pollution. Smoking chimneys, burning tree leaves and wastes, smoke spewing vehicles the city is almost dying. Year after year the situation is deteriorating and if nothing is done against this hazard, conditions will worsen further. The emergence of great factories and consumption of coal gas give rise to unprecedented air pollution.

Trees conserve energy. Three trees placed strategically around a single family home can cut summer air conditioning needs by up to 50 percent. By reducing the energy demand for cooling our houses. We reduce carbon dioxide and other pollution emissions from power plants. In this urban century when there are going to be an extra two billion people in cities, smart cities should be thinking about how nature and trees can be a part of the pollution to keep air healthy.

Rather than to be blamed for inviting the worsen situation of pollution.

People living in the vicinity should focus on how to reduce it. People should form action committees to launch afforestation drives to make city green. You should volunteer to promote “Each one Plant one”. Awareness rallies on ” Save the Environment” and “Go Green” would be an eye opener.

Thank You!

Problem of population

By: Astha Raghav

The problem of population is one of the greatest problems which are being faced by our country. The population of our country is increasing very rapidly. The main reason behind it is the lock of education among the people. So education should be spread among the masses. If they are education, they will try to raise their standard of living. For this purpose they will adopt family planning. Thus they will lead a happy life.

Unsustainable population growth and lack of access to reproductive health care also puts pressure on human communities, exacerbating food and water shortages, reducing resilience in the face of climate change, and making it harder for the most vulnerable communities to rise out of intergenerational poverty.

We can reduce our own population and consumption to an ecologically sustainable level in ways that promote human rights; decrease poverty and overcrowding; raise our standard of living; and allow plants, animals and ecosystems to thrive.

Only 1 in about 110 sex acts results in a conception and 1 in 270 in a live birth. Of all conceptions, 40% result in live births, 5% in stillbirths, and 55% never develop. 1/3 of all known conceptions ends in abortion, spontaneous or induced. It appears that the population problem depends on a small fraction of the potential. Misconceptions of the problem are corrected, and it is emphasized that while no social problem facing the U.S. would be easier with a larger population, demographic factors do not cause all of the other problems. Increasing numbers are not as important as the rate of increase (2% annually worldwide). Today’s population problem has been caused by a decreased death rate, not an increased birthrate. There are 2 kinds of countries in the world today: those with a high standard of living and low fertility and those with a low standard of living and high fertility. Most of the uninformed women of the world would not choose to have large numbers of children if they had a choice. Population density is not a problem in itself. Experts disagree, but it is improbable that large numbers of people will die of starvation in the next few decades. Environmental deterioration is more the result of modern economic and technological practices than of demographic factors. Efforts at fertility control are not aimed at minorities in this country and elsewhere. The poor are discriminated against in access to family planning services and abortion. Moslems of developing countries have higher fertility rates than Roman Catholics in developed countries. There would be many social costs if the U.S. were to achieve zero population growth in the near future. The population problem has implications for the future quality of life.

Thank you!

Business Model of Amazon

History of Amazon:

The company was created as a result of what Jeff Bezos called his “regret minimization framework”, which described his efforts to fend off any regrets for not participating sooner in the Internet business boom during that time. In 1994, Bezos left his employment as vice-president of D. E. Shaw & Co., a Wall Street firm, and moved to Seattle, Washington, where he began to work on a business plan for what would become Amazon.com.

On July 5, 1994, Bezos initially incorporated the company in Washington state with the name Cadabra, Inc. After a few months he changed the name to Amazon.com, Inc, because a lawyer misheard its original name as “cadaver”. In its early days, the company was operated out of the garage of Bezos’s house on Northeast 28th Street in Bellevue, Washington. In September 1994, Bezos purchased the domain name relentless.com and briefly considered naming his online store Relentless, but friends told him the name sounded a bit weird. The domain is still owned by Bezos and still redirects to the retailer.

Introduction:

Amazon is an American international e-commerce company. It was started by Jeffrey P. Bezos in the year 1994. And it was launched in

India in June 2013. Three years back, Amazon had no infrastructure in

India, and now it dominates the Indian markets. At the very start it was

perception of investors that in India It will not go long like China as in

the 2004 when Amazon entered in China it hasn’t seen much

success there with Alibaba, its Chinese competitor, dominating the e-

commerce market. After its bad run in China, Bezos is going all in for

India.

Fact behind formation of Amazon in India was its huge number of headcounts i.e. 1.25 billion four times as big as the U.S.’s and more.

than doubles . Of these 500 million around 35 are

Internet users. As per researches the yearly growth rate of internet users is highest in India around six million users join every month. Researchers expect the online shopping market in India to reach $15 billion by 2016 up from only $35 million in 2014.

Objectives Of Business Model:

To look into the strategy of Amazon to assess and be prepared for the foreseen challenges of running Am
To understand Amazons expansion strategy in detail.

Amazon India Business model:

Amazon targets the middle class & upper class people who have hands on experience in technology but don’t have much time to do shopping from the physical outlets. Taking this into consideration Amazon has successfully positioned itself as a Glocal (Go global Act local) e-commerce giant where one can buy anything & get it delivered at any remote locations. Using the catchphrase Aur Dikhao its most recent campaign in India, it has further helped them carve a distinct space in the consumer’s mind.

Company acquired many IT & e-commerce start-ups like pets.com, audible.com, Junglee.com, IMBD.com,

Zappos.com, Woot etc. for providing high value to their customers using existing technology of the acquired

partners at low cost.

Company’s CRM records data on customer’s buying behavior. It enables them to offer individual items, relaconsumers or bundle them as an offer, based upon preferences demonstrated through purchases or items visited. Revenue model defines how a firm aims to generate higher return on investment and profits. Important e-commerce

revenue models include advertising, subscription, transaction fee, sales, and affiliate revenue models (Laudon and

Traver, 2009). Market opportunity gives description of possible revenue a company is likely to generate from its

proposed marketspace.

In the U.S., by contrast, Amazon holds and sells its own inventory of toys, books, and more in addition to selling

goods from third-party sellers. The Indian Government, however, plans to allow foreign companies that manufacture their products in the country to sell them directly to consumers over the Internet. But Amazon would have to start making its products in India to take advantage of the change in the law. Amazon’s model in India differs slightly .

As we discussed earlier that major foreign ownership to operate retail locations having their own inventory . Because of which amazon serves with warehousing and shipping goods

Amazon is an American international e-commerce company. It was started by Jeffrey P. Bezos in the year 1994.

And it was launched in India in June 2013. Three years back, Amazon had no infrastructure in India, and now it dominates the Indian markets. So main objective of the case is to study the challenges faced by Amazon India during initial years and what strategy it followed to overcome the challenges. This case will also study the business model of amazon in India

Amazon entered in China it hasn’t seen much success there with Alibaba its Chinese the

commerce market. After its bad run in China, Bezos is going all in for India.

Fact behind formation of Amazon in India was its huge number of headcounts i.e. 1.25 billions.

Researchers expected the online shopping market in India to have reached 15 million by 2016.

Amazon is known for knowledgeable products

Note: References taken from different websites as the data was number based.

-Medha Singh

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