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Celebrity Worship Syndrome

Celebrity worship syndrome (CWS) is an obsessive addictive disorder in which a person becomes overly involved with the details of a celebrity’s personal and professional life.

Celebrity worship for purely entertainment purposes is a perfectly healthy past time for most people. This type of celebrity worship involves harmless actions such as knowing and reading about a celebrity and following them on social media to know about their upcoming movies, music albums or sporting events. But apart from this, there are many different levels of celebrity worship that is harmful to themselves and those around them. The different classifications include simple obsessional, entertainment-social, intense-personal, love obsessional, and borderline-pathological.

  • Entertainment-social

This level of admiration is linked to a celebrity’s ability to capture the attention of their fans. This can be following celebrities on social media, and knowing about their daily life. Although considered the lowest level of celebrity worship, it has been seen to have a number of negative effects like unhealthy eating tendencies, poor body image and low self-esteem.

  • Simple obsessional stalking

This is not necessarily between a common person and the famous person with whom they are obsessed with. This case happens when a person has social awkwardness or low self-esteem and they feel inferior seeing someone they know personally, or a celebrity, for the confidence that they have. Such people bolster their own self-esteem by dominating and intimidating their mates. Exercising power over another gives them some sense of power in a world where they otherwise feel powerless. This is the most common form of obsession and it results in domestic violence in many cases.

  • Intense-personal

This is an intermediate level of obsession that is associated with neuroticism and psychoticism. An example this would be, “I consider my favourite celebrity to be my soul mate”. It has been found that people who worship celebrities in this manner often have low self-esteem, especially if they think that the celebrity is physically attractive. People who have high levels of obsession are more accepting of cosmetic surgery than those who do not obsess over celebrities.

  • Love obsessional

Individuals who demonstrate this sort of stalking behavior develop a love obsession with somebody who they have no personal relation to. The people that demonstrate this form of obsession are likely to suffer from a mental disorder, mainly schizophrenia or paranoia. Individuals that are love obsessional stalkers often convince themselves that they are in fact in a relationship with the celebrity. These are the cases where people have imaginary conversations and discussions with the celebrity they admire.

  • Borderline-pathological

This classification is the most severe level of celebrity worship. It is characterized by pathological attitudes and behaviors. This includes spending tons of money on common items that were once used by the celebrity or even willingness to commit crime on behalf of the celebrity.

Although the media is not the only cause of CWS, it is the main reason for it to go to such dangerous extremes. The mass media is constantly bombarding people with images of glamorous lives of celebrities. The media is thankful for CWS and encourages it, as it gets more viewers, sells more products, and obtain more subscribers. In short, it makes money off of people who have CWS. Celebrity worship is not a new phenomenon. It is only reaching new terrible extremes because the media is coming up with innovative ideas to get people to obsess over celebrities.

In our foreseeable future do we have more forests or deserts?

Forests make up nearly 33% of the land area on our planet. 1.6 billion People rely on the benefits that forests offer, that include food, fresh water, medicinal herbs and shelter. Most o the world’s threatened and endangered animals live in forests.

Forests also counter the negative effects of climate change. They serve as carbon stores, taking in the carbon dioxide that would be left in the atmosphere.

Every year 58 thousand square miles are lost — the equivalent to one football field every two seconds. The study, from the nonprofit research organization Center for Global Development, predicts that as much as 2,890,000 square kilometers — or over a million square miles — of tropical forest could be lost to deforestation due to land being cleared for industrial agriculture. Jonah Busch, a coauthor on the report, said they found a pattern to the destruction.

“That amount of loss will have a big impact on the climate because trees store a lot of carbon,” Busch said, “and when they’re burned, and cleared for soy or beef pastures, or palm oil, all that the carbon that’s stored in the trees goes up to the atmosphere.” Busch and his colleagues estimated that 169 billion tons of carbon-di-oxide could be released, which is the annual quantity of pollution emitted from about fifty thousand coal-burning power plants. Busch also said that half of the projected deforestation could happen in Latin America, with the other half split between Asia and Africa.

The forest cover of the world will increase by at least 10 percent of its original value today in the next 5–10 years. A few countries will increase their forest cover drastically like northern parts of Africa and Mongolia. As far as the United States is concerned the forest cover has increased, at this point of time they have more trees now than what they had hundred years ago. The Indian and Chinese government will continue to implement their schemes unless they have reached their country’s goal. Hope other countries start to implement schemes and programs to improve their forest cover.

Another Key to Success : Consistency

 

We all know, what maintaining consistency can do when it comes to bringing change or achieving something. Maintaining consistency for some time in any work or process can do wonders for you. 

But, What does it mean to be consistent? 

When we say an individual is consistent, it means, that individual is clear on what he/she wants to achieve and is taking crucial steps to achieve his/her goals. The level of consistency we maintain reflects our values and standards. Being consistent means doing things that are required today to achieve a better tomorrow. Consistency is simply about doing things on repetition over a while to achieve desired results. 

Then, Why many of us fail to maintain consistency? 

Well, there are numerous reasons why many of us fail to maintain consistency. Mentioned below are some of them:-

★ Lack of patience.

★ The desire for instant gratification.

★ Lack of clarity and focus.

★ Not having supporting habits or triggers.

★ Having a “all or nothing” mindset.

Anthony Jay Robbins (an American author, coach, speaker, and philanthropist) said, “It’s not what we do once in a while that shapes our lives. It’s what we do consistently.”

Why consistency is important? 

Knowing a few reasons will help you to give more attention to it. Mentioned below are five reasons why consistency is important:-

I) It will create accountability.

II) It will help you to stand out or be noticed. 

III) It develops discipline and self-control.

IV) It builds a higher level of trust.

V) It can help you fast-track your improvement or development in any area.

Ways to Develop Consistency

Although every individual has their their way of developing consistency. Mentioned below are some general ways to develop consistency:

I) Create a schedule or plan to stay on track.

II) Start with small steps.

III) Give yourself a break when you get off track.

IV) Start with small steps.

There are very low chances of achieving what we want without a proper strategy and consistency. In short, hard work and smart work together with consistency and the right attitude are the keys to success. 

WHAT IS PHONOLOGY AND PHONEME?

Our speech sounds can produce a wide variety of speech sounds. However , each language makes use of only a selected group of sounds .These selected sounds are organized in different ways in different languages .This selection and organization of speech sounds in an individual language is called Phonology .

PHONEMES

Every language has a definite number of distinctive sound units .These sound units constitute the phonemes of that language .They are the most basic and smallest elements in the expression system of a language .A phoneme may be defined as the minimal ,distinctive sound unit of a language .By minimal we mean that it cannot be sub-divide ; by distinctive we mean that , when one phoneme is substituted by another it produces a meaning change .Thus the phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that forms the basis of distinction between words in a language .The two words , for example , bat and cat are distinguished and differentiated by the initial phonemes of these two words , /b/ and /k/ .

When /p/ is substituted by /b/ in the word pit it becomes bit . With substitution , a different word with a different meaning is formed . Thus /p/ and /b/ are contrastive in English and hence they are two phonemes in English. Phonemic symbols are enclosed with in slant lines ; phonetic symbols within square brackets indicate the precise phonetic qualities of sounds represented by the symbols . It is also to be noted that phonemes refers to sounds and never to spellings .

The English RP has a system of forty four phonemes .Hindi has forty six phonemes and Malayalam has fifty two .All these languages have their own language specific phonemes .As phonemes are contrastive units of sound in the sound system of a particular language , they have validity only in that language.

WHAT IS PHONOLOGY AND PHONEME?

Our speech sounds can produce a wide variety of speech sounds. However , each language makes use of only a selected group of sounds .These selected sounds are organized in different ways in different languages .This selection and organization of speech sounds in an individual language is called Phonology .

PHONEMES

Every language has a definite number of distinctive sound units .These sound units constitute the phonemes of that language .They are the most basic and smallest elements in the expression system of a language .A phoneme may be defined as the minimal ,distinctive sound unit of a language .By minimal we mean that it cannot be sub-divide ; by distinctive we mean that , when one phoneme is substituted by another it produces a meaning change .Thus the phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that forms the basis of distinction between words in a language .The two words , for example , bat and cat are distinguished and differentiated by the initial phonemes of these two words , /b/ and /k/ .

When /p/ is substituted by /b/ in the word pit it becomes bit . With substitution , a different word with a different meaning is formed . Thus /p/ and /b/ are contrastive in English and hence they are two phonemes in English. Phonemic symbols are enclosed with in slant lines ; phonetic symbols within square brackets indicate the precise phonetic qualities of sounds represented by the symbols . It is also to be noted that phonemes refers to sounds and never to spellings .

The English RP has a system of forty four phonemes .Hindi has forty six phonemes and Malayalam has fifty two .All these languages have their own language specific phonemes .As phonemes are contrastive units of sound in the sound system of a particular language , they have validity only in that language.

Gender inequality

Gender inequality is the social process by which Mens, LGBTQ community and womens are not treated equally.

Gender equality is a human fight not a female fight.

Due to patriarchy many girls are hold back from striving for their dreams, receiving a quality education, medical facilities and overall awareness for their well being.

Everyday girls and boys see gender inequality in their homes, community, in textbooks, in media and among the adult.

Society assume an unequal responsibility for household work with mothers bearing the brunt of caregiving.

In schools, many girls receive less support than boys to pursue the studies they choose.

Rashida khatun says I realised the harm I would be causing myself if I agreed to get married. She in is enrolled in UNICEF supported program that provides out of school girls with basic numeracy, literacy and life skills.

Whenever we talk about gender inequality we always seems to focus on women but have anyone ever thought that what it’s like for men or LGBTQ community.

Gender equality, historically has been predominantly a women’s movement for women but I think the impact of gender inequality and how its affecting man hasn’t really been addressed.

– Emma Watson

  • Generally we see in our families that boys told to pursue maths in higher studies and girls were told to pursue Biology so that the male became engineer for female can be a doctor.
  • Whenever a boy wants to be a cook, singer, dancer he is being discouraged by society or his parent by saying that these are for girls.
  • It’s a perception in our patriarchal society that boys do not cry that the crime is only for girls.
    • Mens are stronger than women and they will never bow in front of anyone
    • That’s why mens will never admit their faults because they are meant to be dominant in this patriarchal society.
  • When a girl wanted to be an officer then she is being discouraged by the family by saying that this is the job for Boys.
  • The perception of our societies that the household works are made for womens .
  • If people see a girl with short hair, the peoples in society tends to point at her and think of her as a freak.
  • If a girl is not interested in cooking but she still has to do it and she is pressurized by the family and Society by saying that you have to go to someone’s home and you have to do it because it is made for you.

Let’s talk about LGBTQ community. It is is the second of three issues focused on social inequalities.

  • LGBTQ community faces gender inequality in their everyday life.
  • They face inequalities in employment, education, health, survival and political empowerment.
  • It is not the only way by which they faces social inequalities.
  • Lgbtq people faces housing discrimination and workplace discrimination.
  • They faces basic human right such as – marriage and family adoption.
  • They have been discarded from their homes at their birth. The only reason of this is that they are not a male or female.
  • Peoples doesn’t behave properly with them.

Is this what we called Gender Equality??

We blame society for gender inequalities and for everything but why we forget that society is because of us. we are the part of society and to change this society we have to change our own mentality.

GURU PURNIMA

Guru Purnima (Poornima) is a tradition dedicated to all the spiritual and academic Gurus, who are evolved or enlightened humans, ready to share their wisdom with no monetary expectation, based on Karma Yoga. It is celebrated as a festival in India, Nepal and Bhutan by Hindus, Jains and Buddhists. This festival is traditionally observed to honour one’s chosen spiritual teachers or leaders. It is observed on the full moon day (Purnima) in the Hindu month of Ashadha (June–July) as it is known in the Hindu calendar.  The festival was revived by Mahatma Gandhi to pay tribute to his spiritual guru, Shrimad Rajchandra. It is also known as Vyasa Purnima for it marks the birthday of Veda Vyasa, the sage who authored the Mahabharata and compiled the Vedas.

OBSERVANCES

he celebration of Guru Poornima is marked by spiritual activities and may include a ritualistic event in honor of the Guru; that is, the teachers which is called Guru Pooja. The Guru Principle is said to be a thousand times more active on the day of Guru Purnima than on any other day. The word Guru is derived from two words, gu and ru. The Sanskrit root gu means darkness or ignorance, and ru denotes the remover of that darkness. Therefore, a Guru is one who removes the darkness of our ignorance. Gurus are believed by many to be the most necessary part of life. On this day, disciples offer pooja (worship) or pay respect to their Guru (spiritual guide). In addition to having religious importance, this festival has great importance for Indian academics and scholars. Indian academics celebrate this day by thanking their teachers as well as remembering past teachers and scholars.

Traditionally the festival is celebrated by Buddhists in honor of the Buddha who gave his first sermon on this day at Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, India. In the yogic tradition, the day is celebrated as the occasion when Shiva became the first Guru, as he began the transmission of yoga to the Saptarishis. Many Hindus celebrate the day in honor of the great sage Vyasa, who is seen as one of the greatest Gurus in ancient Hindu traditions and a symbol of the Guru-shishya tradition. Vyasa was not only believed to have been born on this day, but also to have started writing the Brahma Sutras on ashadha sudha padyami, which ends on this day. Their recitations are a dedication to him, and are organised on this day, which is also known as Vyasa Purnima. The festival is common to all spiritual traditions in Hinduism, where it is an expression of gratitude toward the teacher by their disciple. Hindu ascetics and wandering monks (sanyasis), observe this day by offering puja to their Guru, during the Chaturmas, a four-month period during the rainy season, when they choose seclusion and stay at one chosen place; some also give discourses to the local public. Students of Indian classical music and Indian classical dance, which also follow the Guru shishya parampara, and celebrate this holy festival around the world. According to the Puranas, Shiva is considered the first Guru.

TRADITIONS IN INDIA

Irrespective of their religions, Indian academics celebrate this day by thanking their teachers. Many schools, colleges and universities have events in which students thank their teachers and remember past scholars. Alumni visit their teachers and present gifts as a gesture of gratitude.

Students arrange different art-competitions accordingly. The main tradition among guru-shishya is blessings (i.e. student greet his/her guru) by reciting a poetry or quote and the guru gives blessings for success and happiness of an individual. In short, guru purnima is a traditional way of Indians celebrating Teacher’s Day. According to FestiManiac, celebrating guru purnima with parents is the real motivation of the day.

In India, Hindu disciples often worship their spiritual teacher (or his idol) on the day of Guru Purnima.

Why India's gaming industry is on the rise ?

-India’s soaring gaming industry is valued at $930 million, and is number one in the world.
-India has over 560 million internet users, making it the second-largest internet consumer.
-Investors can expect a 10-year growth outlook with a $3.8 billion valuation by 2024.
-The first nine months of 2020 saw India rise to the number one spot in mobile game downloads worldwide, clocking 7.3 billion installs and raking in a 17% market share of the installs volume, as per SensorTower’s data.

Over 50% of India’s population is below the age of 25, and 60% of the nation’s gamers are under 25 years of age too. The gaming userbase surpassed 365 million in March 2020 as per KPMG’s media and entertainment report.

Mobiles staging the games

Mobile users form an overwhelming 85% of the industry, followed by PC users at 11% and tablet users at 4%. Internet penetration is 30%. Inc42 determined that the revenue of major Indian gaming and eSports companies was $68 million in 2019.

Mobile gaming takes the largest chunk of the gaming market thanks to access to affordable smartphones growing at 15% year-on-year for the past five years in India, high-speed 4G internet penetration and the world’s lowest data tariffs. Together with the rise of mobile games, these factors feed into India’s youth having a growing appetite for content.

At its peak, PUBG Mobile had an estimated 34 million Indians playing daily. Indians alone were responsible for downloading the battle royale genre title a whopping 175 million times.

A greater willingness to pay for services comes from improved disposable incomes at purchasing power parity (25% over 2016 levels) and wider adoption of digital payments as per Deloitte’s Telecom, Media and Telecommunications Predications report.

How COVID-19 turned us away from TV

The COVID-19 pandemic saw a shift in media and entertainment consumption trends, with KPMG estimating a 20% contraction in 2020 in typical segments such as film, TV and print. In contrast, they foresee rapid change to gaming and digital media consumption, projecting global growth bouncing up to 33% to reach $25.4 billion in 2021.

This is lent credence by gaming platforms such as Google Play and Apple App Storerecording 50% increases in engagement during lockdown. BARC & Nielsen report that Indians now spend 218 minutes gaming versus 151 minutes before lockdown.

Investors including Sequoia Capital and Kalaari Capital have already increased their investments by 78% during 2020 to $173 million, as per Tracxn Technologies data. There are now over 400 gaming companies in India, as reported by Maple Capital Advisors.

The surge in gaming comes from a growing need for virtual entertainment with friends, family and peer groups, coupled with the rise in influencers encouraging Indians to play more games. With digital consumption becoming mainstream, the demand for more diverse content has also grown.

Portable games fill in as virtual social spaces satisfying purchasers’ necessities to interface in testing times. Gaming cuts across geologies and penetrates both level one and two urban areas, and metropolitan and rustic regions the same.

An Inc42 report on the eSports scene found that eSports in India represents 4% of the country’s userbase and shaped simply more than 9% of industry income before the pandemic. This area is required to develop 36% year-on-year in the following three years, with extended income of $95 for 2020. The Indian eSports crowd for serious gaming competitions previously arrived at 17 million out of 2020 versus 6 million out of 2017.

Newzoo predicts that IP-holders looking to carry their establishments to new mediums will pick versatile gaming as the favored stage in view of lower advancement costs and more limited time spans. The most mainstream gaming sorts are the hypercasual and easygoing classifications which incorporates well known games like Hunter Assassin, Talking Tom and Carrom Pool, separately.

Designers should keep on making versatile first encounters, however guzzle new points of view that are more comprehensive towards female crowds.

How publicizing is adjusting

Publicists can successfully target crowds who as of now mess around with credible brand informing. Gaming partners share comparable segment and conduct profiles.

Newzoo tracked down that 80% of Indians burn-through food or beverages consistently while messing around. This data is basic to FMCG brands in fostering their promoting methodology. Brands can use these channels to assemble trust and commitment with possible clients.

The Indian gaming industry has developed almost 60% throughout the most recent three years, and the area gives no indications of easing back. In the long haul, it might can possibly surpass Indian film industry incomes, which are by and by more than twofold that of the gaming business. The normal buyer is esteem cognizant and value touchy, and the item methodologies and adaptation models mirror this.

Most income in gaming is created from promoting, and a more modest extent comes from client in-application buys. Up until this point, the plan of action has been unequivocally allowed to-play and is the norm in versatile gaming, a low-section obstruction for would-be gamers.

This is changing; according to the white paper, Understanding Value in Media: Perspectives from Consumers and Industry, connected with gamers are bound to be down help membership endorsers than different media and amusement purchasers. This is not normal for the conduct of connected video, music and sports buyers.

Guideline and ability especially on the public authority’s radar

As gaming develops, the Indian government is relied upon to assume a more dynamic part in working with and directing the business.

As of late, Indian executive Narendra Modi required the improvement of content advancing native Indian culture. Controllers are now observing organization information protection arrangements, for example, stockpiling and the transmission of information having a place with Indian clients.

Then, at that point there’s the expanding dream sports section, which presently despises autonomous legitimate acknowledgment, despite the fact that it rounded up $338 million in the last monetary year. The public authority’s arranging think tank, Niti Aayog, distributed its first draft rules proposed for the lead and guideline of imagination sports, however noticed that the portion could draw in FDI inflows of $1 billion in the coming not many years.

The Indian government is likewise expected to set up industry and the scholarly world interfaces to cultivate new profession ways in gaming and to develop an impressive ability pool in the area.

Space Travel – Worth It??

With the rapid increase in technology and science, we are just inch away from low earth orbit tourism. In the matter of few years we will be able to tour not the whole world but the space too. People will have the opportunity to see the beautiful curvature of Earth. SpaceX, Axiom space and Boeing , are some of the projects , that are focusing on making space tourism possible in early 2022. All these developments seems so surreal and out of fantasy. Who would not like to see the Earth from up above??

Billionaires Jeff Bezos and Richard Branson has already successfully toured the space in their own built spacecraft,this year. With this, they have created the history in the era of space travel. Richard Branson’s company Virgin Galactic is also offering tourism tickets and so far 600 tickets have been sold. The list of people flying next year includes big celebrities like Tom Hunks, Leonardo DiCaprio, Justin Bieber and Lady Gaga.It is worth to know that the cost to travel is around $250000. Thus , only 0.1% of the richest shall have the privilege to travel.

Idea of travelling space is very fascinating but the cost ( not just the price) is equally disturbing. The amount of environmental damage ot will do is unfathomable.The amount of heat generates while launching these rockets is so large that it creates a pool of ozone layer on ground, which is dangerously harmful for every living being. Virgin Galactic spacecraft produces 12kg of CO2 each mile which is 60 times greater than normal flight, also the Nitrous Oxide released from these rockets are depleting the Ozone layer in atmosphere.While only the richest will be able to afford space tourism, the rest will have to bear its negative effects. So is it worth it??

After his space tour, Jeff Bezos said, “You can’t imagine how thin the atmosphere is when you see it from above”, this is very ironic. He also hinted on moving all the polluting industries into space. All these ideas are fantastic and appreciable but it is also true that execution of such ideas will take more than 10 to 20 years and by then space tourism will be on full swing.

Many climate activists are criticizing these three billionaire ( Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk and Richard Branson ) for their space race. Every climate activists are working so hard to reduce pollution and in this scenario inclusion of space tourism seems not so good idea for them.

Digital Marketing

In the present innovatively progressed world, computerized showcasing is the better approach to advance and sell items. Contrasted with customary showcasing, it is practical, effectively oversaw, and easy to dissect and learn. Missions can very quickly be changed to improve and sell more. Be that as it may, because of information mining, it has additionally gotten hazardous and in excess of a device. It is as though the client can turn into the item because of data sold.

Significance of Digital Marketing

As of now referenced, today we live in an innovatively progressed world where the sky is the limit through the web. Advanced promoting capacities and is conceivable simply because of the web and that’s it. It is the center of what advanced advertising is.

In a general public where we battle with shortage and rising costs, computerized advertising is the best approach to turn that around. The web is effectively available by everybody in any piece of the globe. It is as of now not just for a particular class of society. It is simpler to associate with individuals and without meeting them. Computerized promoting is a benefit for organizations in this period.

It is staggeringly advantageous for individuals to purchase anything needed from the web without taking a foot outside of their homes. It saves time and shows an individual the different audits individuals have left. An individual can undoubtedly analyze costs on different sites and pick what is most appropriate to their necessities. It is advantageous to the individuals who are crippled and can assist them with completing their work and carry on with an existence of freedom.

It additionally helps organizations themselves, huge or little. The brokers can promote for less cash, or in any event, free of charge on the off chance that one realizes how to do it well. Items can frequently circulate around the web with no cash being put resources into advertising. It helps private companies significantly and assists them with getting foothold.

The Problem With Digital Marketing

One fundamental issue with computerized advertising is information mining. No standards or laws have been set up to control the purchasing of clients’ information. It is utilized so much that it has been said that the client has become an item.

It is spoken as a fear inspired notion that we are being spied upon. In any case, that isn’t a long way from reality. Previous workers of Google, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and so on, have discussed how much information is put away by sites of clients that utilization web-based media locales. This data is offered to advertisers so they can target explicit crowds with their items. These destinations are intended to keep the individual returning and drawing in with the locales. Practically like a compulsion. Evidence of this is how much the paces of web based shopping expanded during the lockdown. This implies that online media is perilous and has gotten in excess of a device.

End of Digital Marketing Article

Computerized promoting significantly helps all organizations, of all shapes and sizes, take off. It is essential nowadays and even assists with the business issue. This type of advertising is the way one can exploit innovation and further their business. However, it is additionally urgent for clients to be cautious about what data is put out on the web to remain safe. There should be an equilibrium of both, and organizations ought to be burdened on the measure of information they have.

WHAT IS THALASSEMIA?

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by decreased hemoglobin production. Symptoms depend on the type and can vary from none to severe. Often there is mild to severe anemia(low red blood cells or hemoglobin). Anemia can result in feeling tired and having a pale skin. There may also be bone problems, an enlarged spleen, yellowish skin and dark urine. Slow growth may occur in children. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder inherited from a person’s parents. As of 2015, thalassemia occurs in about 280 million people, with about 439,000 having severe disease. It is most common among the people of Italian, Greek, Turkish, Middle Eastern, South Asian and African descent. Males and Females have similar rates of disease. It resulted in 16,800 deaths in 2015, down from 36,000 deaths in 1990. Those who have minor degrees of thalassemia similar to those with sickle-cell trait, have some protection against malaria, explaining why they are more common in regions of the world where malaria exists.

CAUSES:-

Thalassemia is caused by mutations in the DNA of the cells that make up the hemoglobin- the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. The mutations associated with thalassemia are passed from parents to the offsprings. Hemoglobin molecules are made up of chains called alpha and beta chains that can be affected by mutations. In thalassemia, the production of either the alpha or beta chains are reduced, resulting in either alpha-thalassemia or beta-thalassemia.

In alpha-thalassemia, the severity of thalassemia depends on the number of gene mutation inherited from the parents. The more mutated genes, the more severe is the thalassemia. In beta-thalassemia, the severity of thalassemia depends on which part of the hemoglobin molecule is affected.

ALPHA-THALASSEMIA:-

Four genes are involved in making the alpha hemoglobin chain. We get one from each parent. If inherited:-

  • one mutated gene- no signs or symptoms of thalassemia but the person is a carrier of the disease and can pass it on to the children.
  • two mutated genes- signs and symptoms of thalassemia are mild. This condition might be called alpha thalassemia trait.
  • three mutated genes- signs and symptoms will be moderate to severe.

Inheriting four mutated genes is rare and usually results in stillbirths. Babies born with this condition often die shortly after birth or require lifelong transfusion therapy. In rare cases, a child born with this condition can be treated with transfusion and a stem cell transplant.

BETA-THALASSEMIA:-

Two genes are involved in making the beta hemoglobin chain. We get one from each parent. If inherited:-

  • one mutated gene- mild signs and symptoms. This condition is called thalassemia minor or beta-thalassemia.
  • two mutated genes- signs and symptoms will be moderate to severe. This condition is called thalassemia major or Cooley Anemia.

Babies born with two defective beta hemoglobin genes usually are healthy at birth but develop signs and symptoms within the first two years of life. A milder form, called thalassemia intermedia, also can result from two mutated genes.

RISK FACTORS:-

  • Family history of thalassemia- thalassemia is passed from parents to children through mutated hemoglobin genes.
  • certain ancestry.

World Health Organization

World Health Organization(WHO) is a specialized agency of the united nations, that deals with health related problems around the globe. It was established on 7th of April 1948. The WHO has played a major role in fighting against some major diseases and boost the health of millions of people.

It establishes and enforces international norms and standard for betterment of people .WHO conducts researches on various diseases .The objective of WHO is as the attainment by all the peoples of highest possible level of health. it also says that taking the highest standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being. It gives technical assistance to different countries and collects collects data on global health issues through various Health surveys. Its Head quarter is in Geneva, Switzerland. and its budget is something around 7.96 billion $.

The governing body of who is world health assembly in which all 194 who members are stated.it meets once in a year to review the world health organization’s work, policy and many other things.

Functions of World Health Organization:-

  1. Directing and coordinating international health work.

2.To assure technical co-operation with countries.

3.Setting international standard with respect to food, biological and pharmaceutical products.

4.Developing models for monitoring ,and evaluating various programmes and products.

5.Helps in fighting various diseases. like small pox was eradicated from the world through a campaigns that was coordinated by World health Organization. Malaria eradications programme was the biggest health programme.

6. providing direct technical consultation and resource mobilization to the poor and developing countries.

There are many other functions also that world health organization does perfectly.

in 1977, the world health assembly set before itself the goal of ‘Health for all by the year 200’.this means that people should get every health services which would lead them to live a very productive life by the end of 20th century. However, this target of Who has not reached its goal till today, but world health organization continues to work towards that goal.(Kaeley and Bhandari,271).

Role of world health organization during covid-19 pandemic

The world health organization is the leading organization involved in the fight against COVID -19 virus. On January 2020,WHO told the world about a pneumonia in china and investigated about the disease. On 30th of January, WHO declared the outbreak of Public health emergency of international concern and warned all countries before the spreading of the disease in other countries. By 5th of October in the same year ,world health organization estimated that the a tenth of the world’s population has been infected with the virus.

WHO has taken several initiatives like the COVID -19 soliditary fund to raise money for COVID-19, the soliditary trail for investing potential treatments options for disease. WHO also required a diplomatic balancing act between the members states china and USA. On august 27,WHO announced the setting of an independent expert review committe to examine different treaties that governs response to health issues. The world health organization team arrived china in January 2021 to investigate about the origin of COVID 19.Apart from theses initiatives WHO also spread awareness about the COVID-19 virus, and importance of wearing mask and maintaining social distancing. (source:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic)

How I Spend An Evening?

“Evening time” is the end of the day, And at this time we try to relax our body and mind, and every individual has a different way of relaxing oneself. Every person has a different way of greeting others. The Internet and mobile phones change our life completely. In the past few months, we have spent most of our time with friends and families more, but Today we use mobile phones all day and night. In other words, Today we can not live without a mobile phone; not only that, since social media has come, every person likes chatting in social media instead of talking to each other.

It’s impossible to even imagine how our life would be if there were no various tasty snacks. Most of us get back home, or complete our work by evening and relax with a cup of tea or coffee with something to munch on. The time where you have the deepest conversation or maybe end up overthinking. Snack is loved by people of all ages because it brings us a good taste, good mood and helps us heal from harms. Good food always brings good mood.

We face hard times! I am an optimistic and happy-go-lucky student of Class VIII who has firm faith in the good life, but my parents want me to stay ahead of everybody in this competitive world. There was a time when coming back after school meant joy to me. Four- thirty in the afternoon was good food, and seven in the evening meant time for studies. There was the beautiful period from four- thirty to seven in the evening when it was either cricket or football for me! How times have changed!

Ever since I reached high school, tuitions have been encroaching on my life like a desert encroaches upon a green pasture to destroy it. Well, it is not that tuitions are not important. Nor can I complain of a lack of dedication in my tuition teachers, but what I fail to comprehend is my parents’ obsession to ensure that this giant python called tuitions should develop a crush for me (pun intended!).

If I tell my dad that I am being made to take tuitions when I am quite comfortable with the subject, he gives a mature smile which betrays his being intrigued at my attempts to reason. He is perhaps under the impression that evolution is yet to catch with me. The final result is that he ensures that I meekly visit the concerned tutorial. up Thus my first tuition begins at 5 o’clock. From then to 6.30, I cram the concepts of organic and inorganic Chemistry. I leave this coaching sharp at 6.35 pm to reach another tutorial located 2 kilometres away before 7 pm. There begins my struggle with Shakespeare. It is not that I do not enjoy Shakespeare, but I do not have much stamina left by the time I reach the English tuition.

Image Source – google

My parents fail to recognise that the best part of a student’s waking hours is spent in school. And after that if I am sent to continuous tuition classes, when do I study myself? Moreover, we are taught to play for good health. If a boy does his schooling from ten to four and then does his tuitions from five to nine, when does he play to maintain good health? Yes, one may definitely expect destiny to play with my health. Thus, till 9 pm I struggle to stay awake in my English tuition and then I complete my projects, courtesy the Internet, for an hour after I reach home at about nine-thirty in the night!

I have dinner at ten-thirty which is when I also surf the television channels to locate some interesting entertainment. When I finally go to sleep at about eleven, I browse through some interesting book. My teachers always stress that reading builds character. I agree! But I can’t read for long! Although my school begins at ten am although I have Geography tuitions from 7.30 am to 9.00 am. Ah! So much for the sweet happiness of childhood!

What is 'One Direction' ?

One Direction, one of the biggest boy bands of all times was formed on 23 july 2010 at 08:22 pm GMT to be very accurate. They participated in 7th season of the X factor in 2010 and were formed into a group signed with record label of Simon Cowell, the Syco Records after forming a group and finishing at no 3 in the competition. The shortform of one direction is called 1D. The group members Harry Styles, Niall Horan, Louis Tomlinson, Liam Payne and Zayn Malik were just 18 years old when the world loved them and they instantly became a sensation.
The British-Irish band released their first album in 2011, and topped the charts worldwide. The song, ‘what makes you beautiful’ had the highest debut for the british billboard of all times. The social media hysteria was huge and they dominated the music industry for 5 great years.
Unlike other celebrities, these boys were like 5 bestfriends who just wanted to have fun together and were very lame dancers. They released video diaries regularly for their fans when in the X factor. The water fights on the concert stage was pretty normal for their fans.
They released 5 albums in 5 years, ‘Up all night’, ‘Take me home’, ‘Midnight memories’, ‘Four’ and ‘Made in the am’. After the release of ‘Four’, One Direction becamd the first band ever to debut at number 1 in the US Billboard history. Also ‘Midnight memories’ was the bestselling album worldwide in 2013.
Some of their songs like, ‘Live while were young’, ‘Story of my life’, ‘Best song ever’ and others topped the charts of major markets. The band won more than 200 awards including 4 MTV music video awards, 6 Billboard music awards, 7 Brit awards, 7 American music awards and 28 teen choice awards.
As of 2020, the band sold over 70 million records worldwide. They were among the highest earning celebrities in the world.
In 2013, they released a documentary movie called ‘This is us’. They went on 4 world tours, of which the ‘Where we are tour’ in 2014 was the highest grossing tour in the history. They also did a cameo in iCarly in 2012. The band released a single ‘One way or another’ to support comic relief.
The fans got heartbroken when Zayn left the group in 2015 for his personal reasons. The band then released their 5th album ‘Made in the am’ and went on an official hiatus in January 2016 leaving million fans heartbroken.
Although they said they’ll be back after 18 months, the fans are still waiting for a reunion since 6 years now. The members seem to give hints of a reunion but no official statements yet.
In 2020, on the 10th anniversary of the band, fans thought they will finally release the ‘infinity’ single but were left disappointed.  The Directioners, take shake up the social media sites even now and doesn’t seem to loose hope in the reunion. The directioners love these boys which can be seen in the ‘San Siro stadium concert’ movie.
After the hiatus the members released their solo albums and are doing great in their careers.

Tottenham star Son signs new four-year contract with Premier League club

Son Heung-min has signed a new contract with Tottenham, the Premier League club have announced.

Spurs confirmed one of their biggest stars has agreed fresh terms in a video on Twitter, accompanied with a message in Son’s native Korean language which read “his story continues”.

The South Korea international has signed a new four-year deal, until the summer of 2025.

The South Korean forward has agreed new terms at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, following another impressive campaign in the English top flight