Author: Admin

Track2Training for students. Learn more on https://track2training.com

What is Dyslexia? – Student's Problems

Hello Friends !.. . Take a moment to read the following. How was that? Frustrating? Slow? What were those sentences about? They’re actually a simulation of the experience of dyslexia, designed to make you decode each word. Those with dyslexia experience that laborious pace every time they read. When most people think of dyslexia, they think of seeing letters and words backwards, like seeing “b” as “d” and vice versa, or they might think people with dyslexia see “saw” as “was”. The truth is people with dyslexia see things the same way as everyone else. 

Dyslexia is caused by a phonological processing problem, meaning people affected by it have trouble not with seeing language but with manipulating it. For example, if you heard the word cat and then someone asked you, “Remove the ‘c’,” what word would you have left? At. This can be difficult for those with dyslexia. Given a word in isolation, like fantastic, students with dyslexia need to break the word into parts to read it: fan, tas, tic. Time spent decoding makes it hard to keep up with peers and gain sufficient comprehension. Spelling words phonetically, like s-t-i-k for stick and f-r-e-n-s for friends is also common. These difficulties are more widespread and varied than commonly imagined. Dyslexia affects up to one in five people. It occurs on a continuum.

One person might have mild dyslexia while the next person has a profound case of it. Dyslexia also runs in families. It’s common to see one family member who has trouble spelling while another family member has severe difficulty decoding even one syllable words, like catch. The continuum and distribution of dyslexia suggests a broader principle to bear in mind as we look at how the brains of those with dyslexia process language. 

Neurodiversity is the idea that because all our brains show differences in structure and function, we shouldn’t be so quick to label every deviation from “the norm” as a pathological disorder or dismiss people living with these variations as “defective.” People with neurobiological variations like dyslexia, including such creative and inventive individuals as Picasso, Muhammad Ali, Whoopi Goldberg, Steven Spielberg, and Cher, clearly have every capacity to be brilliant and successful in life. So, here’s the special way the brains of those with dyslexia work. 

The brain is divided into two hemispheres. The left hemisphere is generally in charge of language and, ultimately, reading, while the right typically handles spatial activities. fMRI studies have found that the brains of those with dyslexia rely more on the right hemisphere and frontal lobe than the brains of those without it. This means, when they read a word, it takes a longer trip through their brain and can get delayed in the frontal lobe. Because of this neurobiological glitch, they read with more difficulty.’

 But those with dyslexia can physically change their brain and improve their reading with an intensive, multi-sensory intervention that breaks the language down and teaches the reader to decode based on syllable types and spelling rules. The brains of those with dyslexia begin using the left hemisphere more efficiently while reading, and their reading improves. 

The intervention works because it locates dyslexia appropriately as a functional variation in the brain, which, naturally, shows all sorts of variations from one person to another. Neurodiversity emphasizes this spectrum of brain function in all humans and suggests that to better understand the perspectives of those around us, we should try not only to see the world through their eyes but understand it through their brains.

OREO — GLOBAL BRAND

OREO IN INDIA- LAUNCHING AND ESTABLISHING A GLOBAL BRAND IN INDIA USING INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS EFFECTIVELY

INTRODUCTION

For most of its 100 years existence, Oreo was consistently America’s best loved cookie, but today it is a well established global brand. Mondelez International moved it into emerging markets quickly learning the rules of success in these unfamiliar markets, changing and refining the brand strategy and ultimately triumphed in winning over customers. This is the case demonstration how Oreo brand’s successful entry into the Indian market was well orchestrated using the Communication Mix elements such as Advertising, Sales Promotion, Events and experiences and Public relations to establish the brand during the launch phase and subsequently stabilizing the brand in India.

MARKET BACKGROUND AND BRAND STRATEGY

Market was present in India by chocolates, beverages and candy categories. The company entered into Rs. 17,000 crore as a competitive India Biscuit with their lead brand Oreo in 2011. It entered into the Cadbury brand in India as it is the strongest brand in India, and initially focusing on awareness and rapid trials. The key objectives of the launch were

  • Gain a 1% share of the Biscuit category in the first year.
  • Build awareness, 40% trials and 40% repeat purchase in priority markets.

OREO BRAND ADVERTISING AND COMMUNICATION

Communication and advertising have been consistent across many markets as the customer and the brand truths remain the same. The company focused on the “moments of togetherness” proposition for Oreo in India, with the television forming the main medium of communication. In addition, other media platforms were tapped as well. It also presented with the digital media as well as with the Facebook page,adding fans at a rapid rate. It created “oreo togetherness bus” which toured cities and made togetherness concept. It made a strategy with the consumer preferences with the brand.

ADERTISING THEME: BRINGING PEOPLE TOGETHER THROUGH THE OREO RITUAL OF TWIST, LICK AND DUNK -‘TLD’

Rituals play an important role in the lives of Indians, and they follow them with zeal and enthusiasm. Rituals also help in bringing people together. So, this created an opportunity for Oreo to bring familiar in the families together. The twist, lick and dunk became a platform to concept with the people beyond the product, and bring about taste, joyousness and family bonding.

Oreo’s communication message focused on creating,

1. A RITUAL OF PLEASURE for the child, centered on the joy of consumption

2. A RITUAL OF EMOTION for the parent, that sparks these slowed messages of togetherness and enhances the bonding between child and parent.

HOW THEY ABLE TO DO THIS?

COMMUNICATION STRATEGY 

 We would see in the ice cream biscuit segment, mothers are the buyers. Kids are the majority of the consumption. It warms the mother’s heart by seeing the joyous moment in their kids eyes.

Unlike the mother, father spends less time with their kids and so the twist, lick and dunk concept grasped the opportunity around the people. The Oreo dunked into the Indian hearts. 

THEY WON THE HEARTS

Oreo has been able to get a vey firm foothold in the highly competitive biscuits market in India by creating compelling differentiation at every level- in product offering in store in the tradtional and Modern trade channels by leveraging a unique consumer insight, addressing desires of them and establishing a new ritual. Marketing is all about creating differentiation and they won the hearts of the people by doing that and they are now the highly crowded and fiercely competitive biscuit market in India.

What Is Inflation – The Truth behind Inflation | Real Burglar Of Money

Hello friends! If I gave you a hundred rupee note in the year 1958 and you kept it hidden under your bed for 60 years And if you took out that note today and used it in the market, then the value of that note would have reduced to a mere 1 rupee 20 paise in comparison to 1958 Let me explain it to you from another angle, if you did not understand If you buy something worth 100 rupees today, it would have cost 1 Rupee 20 paise back in 1958 That is 100 rupees of today is equal to 1 rupee 20 paise of 1958 This is because of inflation Inflation means dearness of things that makes things costlier for all of us every year Why does inflation occur and what are the reasons behind this? Is it really a bad thing? And how is inflation related to unemployment and other economic factors? We will talk about all of this in today’s video where I will explain this “ghastly” inflation to you Come, let us see First of all, a very important question- Why does inflation happen and who is causing it to happen? Are some government officials increasing the prices of things arbitrarily? It is not so .

There are several reasons for inflation but I’d like to discuss 4 main reasons for inflation in this article The first reason is very simple- An economic boom That is, a good economic growth When the economic growth is good, then there’s more money in the hands of the people who can spend it on different items When there’s more money in the hands of the people, they can spend it on different items That is, the demand for everything would go up in the economy When demand goes up, the businesses and companies that manufacture these products seek to increase the prices in a bid to earn more profit since so many people are willing to buy So they increase the price of the goods which will then lead to inflation Explaining this with an example- Imagine an aeroplane with 100 seats and 100 passengers have to board that plane But there are only 10 first class seats and 90 economy class seats Now if the passengers are given more money If they’re all given enough money to be able to afford a first class seat, they’ll all want to book a first class seat. But the number of seats are only 10 Not all of them can have a first class seat So what would happen as a response? In response, the airline would hike the prices of its first class seats so that only those who have more money can afford to book a first class seat So basically there is an inflation This type of inflation is called a “demand pull inflation”.

 A demand pull inflation is when the inflation rises with the rise in demand The second reason is the increase in the prices of the raw materials due to different reasons For example, if the prices of wheat and rice rise due to a bad monsoon season, the prices of oil rise or a new tax imposed by the government lead to a rise in the price of one of the raw materials then the companies that manufacture products using these raw materials they’d have to hike the prices of the products to make profits since manufacturing them would become costlier which would ultimately lead to inflation This inflation is called “cost push inflation” The third reason is increase in the salaries No, I’m not joking: When the companies or governments raise the salaries of their employees, then they have to increase the price of their products as well to be able to still make profits .This inflation is called “wage push inflation”.

 There could be other reasons for this as well If unemployment levels are at very low levels in a country, then it is extremely difficult for the companies to replace their employees and if they aren’t replaced, their salaries would have to be raised and this again, triggers inflation And finally, the fourth reason is currency depreciation This can happen due to several different reasons, out of which one of the most important reasons is printing of more notes by the government which leads to the currency losing its value And this is a very dicey reason This could also potentially trigger hyper inflation which is happening in Venezuela today and happened in Zimbabwe in 2008 If the inflation rate touches even 10% in our country, then it would cause the people to comment that things are becoming extremely dear very fast But in Venezuela, between 2016- 2019, the inflation rate was more than 5 crore percent!

 Taking the example of Zimbabwe, Around 2008, the currency of Zimbabwe was losing its value at such a rapid pace that the government began printing 1 million dollar and 1 billion dollar notes! And there existed even a 1 trillion dollar note in Zimbabwean dollars And do you know what the value of that 1 trillion Zimbabwean dollar note was? Just 1 US dollar! This is the extent to which money can lose its value in a case of hyper inflation But this is a very long topic on its own and I will make a video on it in the future because there are several political reasons behind it, apart from the economic ones Talking about the present, the inflation rate in most of the countries today is going down Think about why this is happening It is because of the shrinking demand in the wake of the lockdowns that have been imposed around the world People are buying fewer things and travelling less .

The people do not have money to spend because their businesses have shut down And so, there has been a decline in overall demand And the opposite of the “demand pull”(which I told you about as the first reason) is happening Since the demand is going down, so is the inflation As a response to this, some countries have decided to transfer cash to the people- distribute it for free Now, some people state that doing this would cause the inflation to increase What do you think will happen? I discussed the same logic in this video on Universal Basic Income that the biggest criticism of the Universal Basic Income and the free distribution of money is that it will cause the inflation to spike What do you think? Write down your explanations in the comments below And I will give the answer to this question later in the video I’d like to pose another interesting question before you Is inflation necessary? 

What if there was 0% inflation? Observing superficially, you could think that this would be great as things would stop becoming costlier and that it is good for you as you will be able to afford it for cheap You would be able to save up more and overtime, the value of money would not depreciate either So this would be another great thing! Analyzing deeply upon the reasons that lead to inflation then you would understand that 0% inflation is actually not a good thing This would mean that companies would not raise your salaries Your salary would remain constant And since salaries never go down, therefore, in general, inflation always stays in the positive .

And there is a third reason as well If there is deflation, that is, the prices of things keep decreasing every year, then the people would not want to spend money. They would want to save up First of all, the value of money is increasing, If deflation continues to happen, then five years on, the item that one wishes to buy would come for cheaper So they would want to buy it five years later instead of buying it now This would cut down the overall public expenditure Lesser expenditure would mean that the businesses would start incurring losses The businesses incurring losses would translate to people losing their jobs which would then cause the unemployment to rise I’ve told you about a very long and convoluted connection- You might wonder if it actually happens so Yes it does There is a very interesting relation between unemployment and inflation .

This shows us the inverse relation between unemployment and inflation If there’s economic growth, there will be an increase in inflation and unemployment would go down and unemployment will rise if inflation goes down And this is a very interesting explanation because one would not expect this to happen, but it does in reality But as obvious, there are some extreme limits where this graph is not valid For example, in the case of hyperinflation It isn’t that Venezuela today has 100% employment and 0% unemployment Some other factors come into play there. For instance, political factors which cause inflation to spike But generally, this graph is valid A question arises- Excessive inflation is bad because it would cause hyperinflation and increase dearness Nominal inflation is also bad because it would cause unemployment to rise So, what is the optimum level of inflation that a country should maintain? What could it be? This figure is 2% for the developed countries .

The central banks and the governments of the developed nations have decided that they should maintain an inflation rate of about 2% If it is more, then they would try and reduce it And if it is less, they would try and increase it For India, this rate is 4% with a margin of ±2% So the ideal inflation rate in India should be around 2-6% This keeps the prices stable and keeps the levels of unemployment at their lowest It ensures maximum employment So, if a government wants to control inflation, how can it do that? There can be several ways to do this Generally, the central bank of a country is responsible for controlling the inflation rate and normally, the central bank- RBI, in the case of India- controls the inflation rates by increasing/decreasing its interest rates If RBI increases it interest rates (which are called repo rates) which is charged on loans given to other banks.

 Then fewer banks would want to take loans And these banks in turn, would increase their interest rates as well which would reduce the number of people wanting to take loans This would result in lesser money being circulated in the economy And if this happens so, then inflation would go down And if RBI slashes its interest rates, then indirectly, through other banks, more people would want to take loans and this would push the inflation up So inflation rate can mainly be controlled by increasing or decreasing the interest rates But there are other ways as well- Inflation can also be controlled by printing of more notes Printing of more notes would obviously cause inflation to rise.

 The government can control inflation by imposing more taxes as I had explained in the reasons earlier in this video The government can also control inflation by spending more or by spending less, if there is a recession in a country and there’s no economic growth, then inflation would also decline This happens on a general basis, but not always Sometimes, it also happens that a country’s economic growth is going down and the country is going into recession but inflation is going up This situation is called “Stagflation”. This is a disastrous thing indeed. 

Why does this happen? The reason for this is- Assume that there is a recession within a country, but the cost push factors- the second reason for the rise of inflation that we talked about- The cost of the raw materials is rising For example, the rise of oil prices all across the world so the oil imported would then cost more so the inflation would rise because of cost push factors but there is recession within the country There is another exception from the other side- If there is deflation in a country, but simultaneously, there is economic growth in the country This happened in the USA between 1870-1890 This period is referred to as “The Great Deflation”.

 The cost of the goods were falling by around 2% every year and there was deflation, but there was also an economic boom Both the people and the businesses were making more money and employment was on the rise The reason behind this attributed to the rise in productivity This was a time when there was technological progress at such a rapid pace and new technologies were being developed that it compensated for the deflation Reverting to our original question- if people are given money for free in today’s times during this recession then would it lead to a rise in inflation? In my opinion, the answer of this is no. Inflation would not rise because handing out money wouldn’t amount to such a huge increase in wealth that people become capable to buy things that are not being supplied It would not be so. Because it would push up the demand very slightly.

And demand has fallen so low that giving out paltry sums of money would not alter the demand drastically So I do not think that the distribution of money for free would trigger any sort of inflation No matter how much importance inflation holds for the entire economy, but if we come down to personal consequences and how it personally affects you, then you could say that it has a negative consequence The money that you save up would lose value over time the prices of the things keep going up and dearness would always be on the rise .

This is why people invest their money in different things rather than stashing it under their bed For example, they buy gold with it. Because the price of gold rises overtime The value of money keeps diminishing due to inflation but the value of gold keeps rising Similarly, some people buy real estate/ Property to avoid this And some people invest in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin , Ethereum ,etc.

TAMIL COMMUNITY AND CASTE

CASTE

Why caste? Who formed caste system? What for it is? For whom does it benefit? Who were all affected?

There arises an uncountable number of questions when we start a conversation on caste. As there is no origin or an individual discoverer of caste, making it even more complex. It just evolved and attained various forms in the society, in general, it is  time variant in nature. Each defines himself as a top caste and compares it only with a caste/ community lower than his/hers. It doesn’t mean like only privileged communities, boost themselves rather, people used it as a upgrading tool wherever required. Like, if they are benefitted by showing up their caste, they would outbreak it via asking their native land.

Natives of the State 

 As in Tamil Nadu, to say in real each district has its own dominated community. Coimbatore- Gounder, Vanniyar; Thirunelveli – Nadar; Ramanathapuram – Mukkulathor; Madurai- Thevar and so on. These information almost are known to every tamilian who has an idea and impact of community in their life, in fact they can’t even sustain in society without knowing these.

Politics

This might sound pretty unethical to outsiders who are unaware of the candidates of each dominant party selecting their elective members for a particular ward/ district. Keenly observing, each party will hold a diversity in its selection of leading members. But actually people are fine with it, Tamil Nadu is the only state in India, which has been ruled by state-level parties either single-handedly or in alliance with the national parties. Majority parties are only DMK and AIADMK, other parties could neither match the outstanding competition between them nor sustain in the battle.

Unity in Diversity

Behind all the scenes, when it comes to tamil culture and language, they are all one in a hand. The ideology of language and heritage seems to be same for all tamilians. Being the longest surving language in the world, it outstandes in its poetry and literature which is most experienced when written in its true style “Pure Tamil”.Tamilians value heritage and tradition and stand united when issues arise especially on jalli kattu protest, NEET exam and many others.

Can we imagine living without community?

It is quiet difficult and unimaginable when it comes to a state comprising 100+ communities in it. Many reformers had tried to throw off community and articulated to live unison as Tamilians. The surnames of keeping their community names behind the names are widely wiped off from the state. This is still an identity in most other states in India like Kerala, Andhra and other northern states. This surname idea is held out of the state only by the refinement in ideologies of people by Periyar, Anna and Babasaheb.

 

MTR FOODS – A MARKETING MARVEL

MTR FOODS-A MARKETING MARVEL

MTR foods is a successful company due to their continuous marketing activities by focusing on what the customer requirement is! It is a marketing oriented company and also shows the legacy by catering the needs of customers and providing their matching products.

Any company or business unit is successful in strategy when it is able to map its internal resources with external environment and create value for customers in the process of revenue of the company. MTR is the legacy of MARKETING STRATEGY THINKING in the food industry for seven and a half decades. 

It is a marvel because it has the ability to stand in the environmental demand drives that dominates food industry with the appropriate marketing mix

EVOLUTION OF MAVALLI TIFFIN ROOMS:

The MAVALLI TIFFIN ROOMS commonly called as MTR foods is the brand name of food related Enterprise located in India. Having it’s origin in Banglore, it has a restaurant now in Lal Bagh Road, Banglore and in 6 branches of the city, as well as Singapore, Dubai and  Muscat. This restaurant was closed in the period of Indian Emergency which was in mid of 1970 when the food control act was made profitable to serve food items until it reopened in 1984. This made the beginning of the entry into the convenience and instant food business, in sense a turning point. MTR foods is also the first company in the world to have frozen dosa, which can be heated and eaten. It is believed that MTR is the one who brought the  Ice cream vending machine to India.

MARKETING MIX PERSPECTIVE OF MTR FOODS

Product – Marketing Mix

MTR foods is a food product company offering a diversified range of packaged food products. It includes items for breakfast, meals and in between meals like Frozen foods. It innovates continuously based on the products which matches the customers needs, wants and demand. The framework of customer vs product matching of this company can be understood as marketing Marvel Company.

Place – Marketing Mix

Place in marketing mix means distribution or channel for selling the products. It spreads it’s business from Banglore, exports to several countries like Singapore, Malaysia, Mauritius, Japan, Middle East, New Zealand, Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada and United States. Their products are easily available in supermarkets, hypermarkets, discount rates, convenience stores and grocery stores. MTR foods have also launched it’s E commerce platform from Banglore as a venture to move with changing times.

Promotion – Marketing Mix

Promotion is a tool in marketing to make the customer aware, inform and create a positive attitude towards company and products. The tool is advertising, personal – selling, sales promotions and publicity. It has organized sampling activities at popular places and launched several campaigns. 

Price – Marketing Mix

Price is the last one marketer but it is difficult when compared to all marketing elements. MTR foods are estimated as rupees 700crore company with growth rate at 18%CAGR. Its export is nearly 20% and sales in Southern states to 60% of its total revenue. It has launched it’s web portal as much needed initiative to earn larger profits to cut down distribution costs. 

Win Marketing, be a Marvel!

ECO CIRCUIT OF BIHAR

KAKOLAT (NAWADA)

It is a waterfall in Gobindpur, about 21 miles away from Nawada. Just below the fall, there is a deep natural reservoir. The fall is about 150 to 160 feet, from the ground level. The scene is panoramic due to all around green forest area, which looks very pleasant in watching. According to the legend, in Treta Yuga a king was cursed by a Rishi and had to take a shape of a python and lived here. The place was visited by the great Pandava during their exile and the king who was cursed got salvation from the bad effects of the curse. The king after getting rid of the curse proclaimed that one who would bathe in the waterfall will not take the yoni of snake and that is why a large number of people from far and near bathe in the river. A big fair is held on the occasion of vishya or Chait Sankranti.

BHIMBANDH (MUNGER)
Bhimbandh Wild Life Sanctuary is located in the south west of Munger District. The forests cover an area of 681.99 sq km on the hills and undulating tract of Kharagpur Hills. The vegetation of these forests is very rich where Sal, Semal and other trees grow side by side the hilly terrains, protecting from the sun rays the forms and the humble creepers which grow below. A host of wild animals such as Tiger, Leopards, Sloth Bear, Nilgai, Sambhar, Barking deer, Wild Bear, Four Horned Antelope are found in these forests. In the valley portions and at the foothills are several hot springs of which the finest are at Bhimbandh, Sita Kund and Rishi Kund.
GHODA KATORA 
It is being developed as an Eco-tourism site, which will have a huge Buddha statue which will be flanked by his four important disciples Ananda, Maha Kassapa, Maha Moggallana and Sariputta. The idea is to tribute to the Buddha and his disciples who are part of the cultural legacy of Bihar.

VALMIKI NAGAR TIGER RESERVE
It is the safe home for the tigers, one of the threatened species of the world. It is spread across 880 sq km (approx). Located at the cradle of Himalayan outermost Shivalik range, the region has a very undulating landscape compromising of steep rise and deep ridges with the lush green forest around. The leopards and Tigers along with the Fishing Cats, Chitals, Sambar, Black Bucks, Langur, Sloth Bears, Gaurs make the jungle an adventurous destination for the tourists. The deep forests of Sal, Asan, Karama, Semal, Cane etc. offers a pleasant climate in the area. 
BARABAR CAVES 
The architectural beauty of Barabar Caves situated in the Barabar Hills is magnificent. These caves are located at a distance of around 25 km from Gaya. These caves were carved during the first phase of development of Buddhism in the second century BC. These rock caves are deep and finely cut and have fine glassy and shining polish inside. Buddhist literature reveals that these caves are divided in three types and one of them is Nagarjuna Caves. Other two are Hut Caves and Caves of Pandavas. Nagarjuna situated on Nagarjuna Hill are two in number; Sudama Chaupar. These caves are meant for ascetic spiritual Buddhist monks who were truth seekers and wanted isolation .
GANGETIC DOLPHINS SANCTUARY, BHAGALPUR
Located in Bhagalpur district, the sanctuary is a 50 km stretch of the Ganga river. It is the only protected area for the endangered Gangetic Dolphins in Asia.

KANHA

Kanha is situated in Madhya Pradesh. Kanha’s Sal and bamboo forests, rolling grassland and meandering streams stretch over 940 sq km in dramatic natural splendor. Kanha National Park forms the core of the Kanha Tiger Reserve created in 1974 under Project Tiger. The park is the only habitat of the rare hard ground barasingha.  
In the 1930s, the Khana area was divided into two sanctuaries, Gallon and Banjar, of 250 sq km and 300 sq km each. Though one of these was subsequently disbanded, the area remained a protected one until 1947. Depletion of the tiger population in the years that followed led to the area being made an absolute sanctuary in 1952.
By a special statute in 1955, Khana National Park came into being. Since then, a series of stringent conservation programmes for the protection of the park’s flora and fauna has given Khana it’s deserved reputation for being one of the best and finest administered National Parks in Asia.
Forest Department guides accompany visitors around the park on mapped-out circuits which enable viewers to see a good cross-section of Kanha’s wildlife. The best areas are the meadows around Kanha, where black buck, chital and barasingha can be seen throughout the day.
Kanha has some 22 species of mammals. Those most easily spotted are the stripped palm squirrel, common langur, jackal, wild pig, chital or spotted dear, barasingha or swamp dear, sambar and black buck.
Patient watching should reward the visitor with a sight of Indian fox, sloth bear, striped hyena, jungle cat, leopard, mouse deer, chausingha or four horned antelope, nilgai, ratel and procupine. Wolf can be seen far east of the park, chinkara can be found outside the park’s northern boundary. Indian pangolin, the smooth Indian otter and the small Indian civet are also the rarely seen species.
Kanha has some 200 species of birds. Watchers shoud station themselves in the hills, where you can see bamboo forest and other species of flora. Water birds can be seen near the park’s many rivulets and at Sarvantal, a pool that is frequented by water birds and the area in front of the museum. The sal forests do not normally yield a sight of Kanha’s avifauna. Early mornings and late afternoons are best for bird watching, binoculars are an invaluable aid to the watchers. Commonly seen birds are cattle egret, pond heron, black Ibis, common peafowl, crested serpent eagle, racket-tailed drongo, hawk, red wattled lapwing, dove, parakeet, woodpecker, Indian roller and grey hornbill.
Bamni Dadar known as Sunset Point, this is one of the most beautiful areas of the park, from where a spectacular sunset can be watched.
October to June is the best time to visit Kanha National Park. The park is closed from 1st July to 30th September due to rains. For  those planning a visit, a stay of at at least three nights is recommended in order to have a good chance of seeing the more elusive animals.
Kanha Museum
This is a unique natural history museum that preserves skeletons of reptiles and animals and houses an exhibition of the wildlife conservation work done in Kanha and an audio library of sounds of birds.
Things To Do
1.Enjoy walking and cycling in the pristine air of buffer zone.
2.Take a safari in open Jeep (all days except Wednesday afternoons).
3.Visit the nearby villages to experience life in remote jungle- Sarekha (15 km from kiski gate), Garhi (20 km from Mukki gate), Lagna(5 km from Mukki gate), Mocha (10 km from Mukki gate)
4.Shop for souvenir at the Khatia gate. 

PANNA

Panna, the erstwhile capital of the Bundela Kingdom in Madhya Pradesh is famous for the Panna National Park. Panna Town, the administrative headquaters of Panna District, is the hub of many religious monuments, which showcases the architectural Marvel’s of Hindu and Islamic styles. Adorned with greenish meadows dotted with evergreen trees, undulating forests, hills and rocks, Panna serves as a perfect place for holiday tours.
Panna National Park was created in 1981. It was declared as a Project Tiger Reserve in1994. The National Park consists of areas from the former Gangau Wildlife Sanctuary created in 1975. The sanctuary compromised of territorial forests of the present North and South Panna Forest Division to which a portion of the adjoining Chhatarpur forest division was added later. The reserved forests of the Park in Panna district and some protected forests bordering Chhatarpur were the hunting reserves of the erstwhile rulers of Panna, Chhatarpur and Bijawar princely states in the past. The location of the National Park is crucial as it is situated at a point where the continuity of the forest belt, which starts from Cape Comorin in the south is broken and from there beyond, the great Gangetic plains begin. This area is also the northern most tip of the natural teak forests and the eastern most tip of the natural Kardhani forests. The Ken river, which flows through the reserve from south to north, is home for Gharial and Mugger.
Tiger, the king of the jungle, roams freely in the secure habitat along with his fellow creatures like leopard, wild dog, wolf, hyena and caracal and smaller cats. Sloth bear has his most favorite home in the rock escarpments and undistributed vales. The wooded areas are dotted with sambar – the largest of Indian deers, chital and chowsingha. Other animals that can be found are nilgai, chinkara, snakes and reptiles.
There are more than 200 species of birds including migratory birds. One can see White Necked Stork, Bar-Headed Goose, Honey Buzzard, King vulture, Blossom Headed parakeet,etc.
Panna has dry and hot climate and has shallow Vindhyan soil which give rise to dry Teak and dry mixed forest. The dominating vegetation type is miscellaneous dry deciduous forest inter spread with grassland areas. The characteristic floral species of this area include tree species such as Tectona fransis, Diospyros melanoxylon, Madhuva indica, Buchnania latifolia, etc.
OTHER PLACES TO EXPLORE 

Fort of Ajaygarh 
Built in 1765 AD by the nephew of the Maharaja of Jaitpur, the fort is situated at a height of 800 ft. However by 1809 the Britishers overpowered it.
Gatha Falls
The height of Gatha fall measures up to 91 meters.The Gatha falls are at their prime during the rainy season, when the river water swells to the maximum. River Ken is the water source of Gatha Falls.
Mahamati Prannathji Mandir 
It is one of the most revered pilgrim places for the Pranami sect followers the world over. The temple was completed in 1692. Other than this Padmavati temple, Jugal Kishore Temple and Kalinjir Fort are with a visit.
National Museum 
It was established in 1988. It has a remarkable collection of icons and coins. 

PACHMARHI: Verdant Jewel of the Satpuras

Pachmarhi is Madhya Pradesh’s most verdant jewel, a place where has found exquisite expression in myriad enchanting ways.
Complementing the magnificence of nature are the works of man; Pachmarhi is also an archaeological treasure-house. In cave shelters in the Mahadeo Hills is an astonishing richness in rock paintings. Most of these have been placed in the period 500- 800 AD , but the earliest paintings are an estimated 10000 years old.
The town has a quiet gentility about it as if Victorian traditions and high collars still governed most people’s lives.
PLACES TO EXPLORE 

PRIYADARSHINI (FORSYTH POINT)
This vantage viewing point marks the place from where Pachmarhi was discovered by Captain Forsyth in 1858. The British developed Pachmarhi as a resort and their influence is embodied in its churches and colonial architecture.
JAMUNA PRAPAT (BEE FALL)
A spectacular fall in the stream which provides drinking water to Pachmarhi. The bathing pools above the fall are very popular.
HANDI KHOH
A mile long trek from Bee Falls takes one to Handi Khoh, a horse-shoe shaped ravine, the edge of which drops a sheer 100m into the earth. The valley is rich in medicinal plants. 

APSARA VIHAR (FAIRY POOL)
Easily accessible from Jai Stambh, this fairy pool is an ideal picnic spot for families with small children, since the pool is shallow, deepening only towards the base of the fall.
ALSO VISIT:  Banshree Vihar, Tridhara and Irene Pool are the other pool of Pachmarhi. 
RAJAT PRAPAT (BIG FALL)
Those seeking adventure will find it in this ten-minute walk over rocks and boulders from Apsara Vihar to the top of the Rajat Prapat.

JALAWATARAN (DUCHESS FALLS)
The descent is steep and the trek strenuous for almost all of the 4km to the base of the fall’s first cascade.
SUNDER KUND (SAUNDER’S POOL)
Crossing the stream below Duchess Falls and following a footpath about 2.5km in a south-westernly direction brings one to a huge Rocky pool in the Jambu Dwip stream, an excellent place for swimming.
MAHADEO
The temple at Mahadeo cave is located at the base of the Mahadeo hill, at a distance of 12km from Pachmarhi town. There is a pool in the temple which has curative properties. About half a kilometer west of the Mahadeo cave is a natural fissure in the rock, that is worshipped by the locals as Gupt Mahadeo or Chhota Mahadeo.
CHAURAGARH TEMPLE
Located at an altitude of 1330m atop the Chauragarh Peak, the trek to the Chauragarh temple comprises of 1380 steps. The temple courtyard is stacked with thousands of tridents offered by the devotees. The temple is a half-built modern structure with an idol of Shiva in the sanctum.
CHRIST CHURCH
Built in 1857 by the British, this church is generally regarded as the most beautiful small Church in Madhya Pradesh. The Church’s architecture if fascinating; its ‘sanctum-sanctorum’ has a hemispherical dome on top with its ribs ending with faces of angels. The nave of the church does not contain single pillar for support. The baptismal font is a rare brass piece and the bell is as old as the church and it’s chimes can be heard from a long distance.

PANDAV CAVES 
Five ancient dwellings excavated in the sand-stone rock in a low hill. Pachmarhi derives its name from these caves which, as the legend goes, once provided shelter to five Pandav brothers. These caves are now protected monuments.

SATPURA NATIONAL PARK 
Set up in 1981, Satpura National Park is 524 sq km in area. It spreads through a dense forest of evergreen Sal , teak and bamboo. The park is home to the gaur, tiger, leopard, beer, four-horned deer, blue bull and rich variety of birds.
BISON LODGE 
Constructed in 1862, the Bison Lodge is the oldest house in Pachmarhi. It now houses a beautiful museum depicting the rich flora and fauna of Pachmarhi.
ALSO VISIT: Jata Shankar, Catholic Church, Dhoopgarh, Trishar, Banshree Vihar, Reechhgarh, Sangam, The Cave Shelters, Astachal and Harper’s Cave.

BANDHAVGARH: National Park With a Rich Historical Past

Bandhavgarh is a small National Park ; compact, yet teeming with wildlife. The density of the tiger population in Bandhavgarh is the highest known in India. This is also White Tiger country. These have been found in the old state of Rewa for many years. The last known was captured by Maharaja Martand Singh in 1951. This white tiger, Mohun, is now stuffed and on display in the palace of the Maharajas of Rewa.
The terrain is of great Rocky hills rising sharply from the swampy and densely-forested valley bottoms. The finest of these hills in Bandhavgarh, sided with great cliffs and eroded rocks and on its highest point stands Bandhavgarh Fort, and particularly around the fort, are numerous caves containing shrines and ancient Sanskrit inscriptions.
Prior to becoming a National Park, the forests around Bandhavgrah had long been maintained by as a Shikargah, or game reserve, of the Maharajas of Rewa. Hunting was carried out by the Maharajas and their guests – otherwise the wildlife was relatively well-protected. 
In 1947 Rewa State was merged with Madhya Pradesh; Bandhavgarh came under the regulation of Madhya Pradesh. The Maharaja of Rewa still retained the hunting rights of Bandhavgarh and no special measures were taken until 1968, when the areas were constituted as a National Park, since then, numerous steps have been taken to retain Bandhavgarh Bational Park as an unspoilt natural habitat. 

What to see 

The Fort 
The Fort is estimated to be 2000 years old. Various dynasties have ruled the fort : the Maghas from the 1st century AD, the Vakatakas from the 3rd century AD, the Sengars from the 5th century AD, the Baghela took over, ruling from Badhavgarh until 1617, when Maharaja Vikramaditya Singh moved hi capital to Rewa. The last inhabitants deserted the fort in 1935.
Flora 
The vegetation is chiefly of Sal forest in the valleys and on the lower slopes, gradually changing to mixed deciduous forest on the hills and in the hotter, drier areas of the park in the south and west. Bamboo is found throughout.
Wildlife
There are more than 22 species of mammals and 250 species of birds. Common langurs and rhesus macaque represent the primate group. Carnivores include the Asiatic jackal, Bengal Fox, sloth bear, ratel, grey mongoose, striped Hynes, jungle cat, leopard and tiger. The artiodactyls frequently sighted are wild pig, spotted dear, sambar, chausingha, nilgai and chinkara. Mammals such as dhole, the small Indian civet, palm squirrel and lesser bandicoot rat are seen occassionally. The vegetation along streams and marshes is rich in birdlife. The common ones are little grebe, egret, lesser adjutant, saris crane, black kite, crested peafowl, red jungle fowl, dove, parakeet, kingfisher and Indian roller. Reptilian fauna include cobra, Krait, viper, ratsnake, etc.

Wildlife viewing 
The main way of getting about in the park is motor vehicle. Jeep safaris timing are from 10 am to 4 pm, as the animals are most active during these periods. A Forest Department guide must always accompany you. This guide will able to direct you and point out wildlife. 

THE PENCH

Pench lies in Madhya Pradesh. Nestled in the southern sloes of the satpura ranges of central India, Pench Tiger Reserve(757.90 sq.kms)lies in southern Madhya Pradesh , bordering Maharashtra. The Pench National Park which constitutes the core of the Park is 292.86 sq.kms , and comprises the Indira Priyadarshini Pench National Park and the Mowgli Pench Sanctuary. Pench was brought under Project Tiger in 1992 .
Pench National Park gets its name from the Pench river that flows through it, dividing it into the western Chhindwara Block (141.61 sq kms) , and the eastern Seoni Block (145.24 sq kms).
Over 1,200 species of plants have been recorded in the area including several rare and endangered plants as well as plants of ethnobotanical importance.
Pench National Park is the original setting of Rudyard kipling’s famous work, The Jungle Book. The character, Mowgli, was inspired by Sir William Henry Sleeman’s pamphlet, ‘An Account of Wolves Nurturing Children in Their Dens’ which describes a jungle boy captured in Seoni district near the village of Seoni district near the village of Sant Baori in 1831. 
Pench being situated in Central India is subjected to extreme and tropical weather. Month of January may also witness sub-zero temperatures and frost. Monsoon arrives in the second week of June. 
The forests found in Pench Tiger Reserve are divided into three parts as follows:-
1.Southern Tropical Wet Deciduous Forest
2.Southern Tropical Dry Teak Deciduous Forest
3.Southern Tropical Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest
Dry mixed forest spreads in about one-third area of the protected area. Whose main species are salai, pickle, moyan, tendu etc. Kahua (Arjuna), Jamuna, Guular and Saja are found along the banks of river streams. Trees of Mahua, Palash, Plum etc. are found scattered around the open forests of displaced areas of old villages. Teak forests are found in about one quarter area. There are about 82 types of grass species and Bamboo found in this forest area.
Pench is prime tiger country. The area has always been rich in wildlife. Pench Tiger Reserve has the highest density of herbivores in India, 90.3 animals per square kilometre. The area is especially famous for its huge population of gaur (Indian bison), cheetal, sambar, neelgai, wild dog and wild pig. Other animals in the Park include the sloth bear, chousingha, chinkara, barking deer, jackal, fox, palm civet, small Indian civet, jungle cat, hyena and porcupine.
Pench Tiger is also among the best area for bird watching. Over 285 species of resident and migratory birds including the Malabar pied hornbill, Indian pitta, osprey, grey headed fishing eagle, white-eyed buzzard are found here. Four species of the endangered vulture, white-rumped, long billed, white scavenger and king vulture can be seen in good numbers in these forests. In winter, thousands of migratory birds come to this reserve. 
Jungle safaris are a major attraction of the park. A dawn safari, when animals are out in the open looking for food and water, is an unforgettable experience. Tigers and leopards can be seen near water bodies and even on the roads in summer. Cheetal, sambar and neelgai are found grazing in the forests and the banks of the river. Large herds of gaur are often spotted in the bamboo patches. Jackals, wild dogs and rhesus monkeys can be seen foraging for food in the densely-wooded jungles.

History & Law

                                            (Photo: University of Chicago Law School)

“History and
law are two sides of a polished mirror”. As we read it, that is there any
relation of history with the law, then suddenly it strikes our mind that these
two are different subjects because in India students mostly take topics in
relation with the subjects they are studying. But when we think beyond, the
subject we get to know that history and law are interrelated. Laws are
influenced by events in history. The events which have happened before and what
their outcomes were and what things can be changed for the better. In taking
all these points in mind, laws are made. We take a lesson from our history to
make laws.

 History is also
related to law. As we read the incidents in our history, they are somehow
related to the laws which existed at those times. The British laws which are
still followed now from our history are Indian penal code,1860; the transfer of
property act, 1882; the foreigner’s act, 1946; Income tax act, 1961; Indian
evidence act,1872; Indian police act,1861; etc.

 The goods and the
bads all somehow share a relationship with the laws and rules. The movements
which changed the life of many countries also took place because of the heinous
laws in countries like the French revolution, the American civil war, the
National movements in India, and many more. All are related to laws that became
unbearable torture on the victims. One can study the connection between law and
history in comparative law. Comparison of laws of different time scales can be
done. Law is a process that makes the public civilized, abides by norms
that are set by society from time to time. Hence, the law is continuity in
search of humanity and civility.

 Now the question
that arises is: “Which part of history is relevant in today’s time“?
According to my, contemporary history is most important in the present time.
Contemporary history includes the span of historical events starting from 1945.
These events are most relevant to the present time scenario. Many historians
describe the early modern period as the time frame between 1500 and 1800. 
This period mainly follows the late middle-age period. Further, it is marked by
the initial European colonies, the beginning of recognizable nation-states as
well as the rise of strong centralized government.

 Contemporary
history helps in strengthening the cultural identity of a nation. This is
because when we learn about the cultural heritage of our race or religion, we
engulf ourselves in an abundance of information, which often depicts the
decisions our ancestors made or the traditions that have been carried down the
generations. These define who we are and why we exist in our society.

 History well told
is beautiful. Many of the historians who most appeal to the general reading
public, know the importance of dramatic and skillful writing as well as of
accuracy. History is very important because it helps us to understand the
present. If we will listen to what history has to say, we can come to a sound
understanding of the past that will tell us much about the problems we now
face. If we refuse to listen to history, we will find ourselves fabricating a
past that reinforces our understanding of current problems.

 To conclude, George
Mosse once said, “What man is, the only history tells.” History is
interlinked with law. With truly reading, one can have a holistic view of the
idea of the concept. In my view, contemporary history is more relevant in
today’s time. The study of it is still relevant albeit the uncertainty of
today’s world. As the saying goes, “With age comes wisdom“, is a true
reminder of the experience one gains with the passage of times (which is
history).

 

 

 

History & Law

                                            (Photo: University of Chicago Law School)

“History and law are two sides of a polished mirror”. As we read it, that is there any relation of history with the law, then suddenly it strikes our mind that these two are different subjects because in India students mostly take topics in relation with the subjects they are studying. But when we think beyond, the subject we get to know that history and law are interrelated. Laws are influenced by events in history. The events which have happened before and what their outcomes were and what things can be changed for the better. In taking all these points in mind, laws are made. We take a lesson from our history to make laws.

 History is also related to law. As we read the incidents in our history, they are somehow related to the laws which existed at those times. The British laws which are still followed now from our history are Indian penal code,1860; the transfer of property act, 1882; the foreigner’s act, 1946; Income tax act, 1961; Indian evidence act,1872; Indian police act,1861; etc.

 The goods and the bads all somehow share a relationship with the laws and rules. The movements which changed the life of many countries also took place because of the heinous laws in countries like the French revolution, the American civil war, the National movements in India, and many more. All are related to laws that became unbearable torture on the victims. One can study the connection between law and history in comparative law. Comparison of laws of different time scales can be done. Law is a process that makes the public civilized, abides by norms that are set by society from time to time. Hence, the law is continuity in search of humanity and civility.

 Now the question that arises is: “Which part of history is relevant in today’s time“? According to my, contemporary history is most important in the present time. Contemporary history includes the span of historical events starting from 1945. These events are most relevant to the present time scenario. Many historians describe the early modern period as the time frame between 1500 and 1800.  This period mainly follows the late middle-age period. Further, it is marked by the initial European colonies, the beginning of recognizable nation-states as well as the rise of strong centralized government.

 Contemporary history helps in strengthening the cultural identity of a nation. This is because when we learn about the cultural heritage of our race or religion, we engulf ourselves in an abundance of information, which often depicts the decisions our ancestors made or the traditions that have been carried down the generations. These define who we are and why we exist in our society.

 History well told is beautiful. Many of the historians who most appeal to the general reading public, know the importance of dramatic and skillful writing as well as of accuracy. History is very important because it helps us to understand the present. If we will listen to what history has to say, we can come to a sound understanding of the past that will tell us much about the problems we now face. If we refuse to listen to history, we will find ourselves fabricating a past that reinforces our understanding of current problems.

 To conclude, George Mosse once said, “What man is, the only history tells.” History is interlinked with law. With truly reading, one can have a holistic view of the idea of the concept. In my view, contemporary history is more relevant in today’s time. The study of it is still relevant albeit the uncertainty of today’s world. As the saying goes, “With age comes wisdom“, is a true reminder of the experience one gains with the passage of times (which is history).

 

 

 

An unexamined life is not worth living

 by Shashikant Nishant Sharma 

                                                       (Photo: Motivation Mentalist)

Well said by
Socrates.

An
unexamined human life is deprived of the meaning and purpose of existence. The
ability to introspect removes the individualistic absurdity by invoking a
commitment to moral integrity and social solidarity.

 Just like a seed
needs soil, sunlight and water for its germination, human life needs
introspection and examination for its growth. A greater understanding of the
experiences gained in the life at any particular time, enriches one’s
engagement with self and the universe.

Mahatma Gandhi’s
examination of self through his autobiography, “My experiments with
truth”, highlights the significance of reflection on life. Mahatma Gandhi
was not only able to map his weaknesses and vulnerabilities through the
examination, but was also able to question his prejudices and understand his
strength as a human being.

 This very ability
to reflect on life adds more depth to the character of Arjun in Mahabharat than
most of the other characters. Instead of following the norms and fighting with
his clan, Arjun questions the meaninglessness of the war and the purpose of his
life.

 The fast-changing
societies and consumerist culture in the contemporary world leave less time for
human beings to examine and think about the changes. Adaptation to changes have
become automatic and unquestionable.

 The quotation has
strong relevance in the present times where human beings are burdened with the
histories of war, colonisation, nationalisation, erosion of morality in the
scientific and technological advancements and the sense of spiritual
uprootedness. 

It is in these
times that one needs to dwell deeper into the conscience to find the purpose of
existence and engage in a more meaningful manner with the society.

 

ATTITUDES AND JOB SATISFACTION

 ATTITUDES AND JOB SATISFACTION


Attitudes are evaluative statements they may either be favorable or unfavorable. It is concerned with the objects, people or events. They reflect how we feel about something which finally leads to everything because that an Attitude. They are complex, to be more estimable it is considered to be as the fundamental properties or components.

The attitude towards the job is all what defines us. Typically, researchers assume that attitudes have three components: COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, BEHAVIORAL. Cognitive component is the opinion or belief with a particular segment of an attitude. Affective component is the motion or feeling segment of an attitude. Behavioral component is an intention to behave in a certain way forward or toward someone or something.


When it comes to Organizations, attitudes are important. When we think Job is important, we need to change our attitude, according to the sequence with the knowledge development. Performance can be enriched when one commits towards the job.


JOB SATISFACTION

We as human beings have thousand of attitudes, but Organizational behavior focuses on a very limited number of that form positive or negative evaluations that employees hold about their work environment. Much of the research has looked at three attitudes Job Satisfaction, Job involvement and Organizational commitment. Other important attitudes include perceived organizational support and employee engagement. 

The job satisfaction is said to be a positive feeling about evaluating job characteristics while a person with the negative feeling shows less job satisfaction. Employees with high job involvement strategy, identify, with care about the kind of work they do, they enjoy themselves.

An employees’ asset is the true satisfaction as if it were separate from life satisfaction, but they may be more related to think. Life satisfaction decreases when people become unemployed, according to research in Germany, and not just because of the loss of income. Research in Europe says that job satisfaction is positively correlated with the life satisfaction, and your attitudes and experiences in life spill over into your job approaches and experiences.


HOW CAN I MAKE MY JOB BETTER?

  1. You can work on your attitude to either improve your experience or find a positive perspective. 
  1. Write down everything you hate about your job, but wait for a few days off so that you can get a more objective view important. 
  1. Be specific, Think about the environment, the people and the work separately, find something positive even if it’s just the coffee in the break room.
  1. Job satisfaction is generally more strongly related to how interesting you work is than it is to other factors.
  1. Read your lists aloud to a few trusted friends.
  1. Decide what to do, you will be getting a solution.