‘Education for All’ Policy in India

For any nation to thrive ,great well being and training are sine qua non for dominant part of its populace. No nation can develop in a manageable way on the off chance that it doesn’t have an accomplished society. Further a law based framework suits taught individuals, as they can cast their decision in a free and reasonable way.

India has seen jobless development since 2000, which has added to GDP numbers however has not converted into great life for a lion’s share of its populace. Still half of individuals are in engaged with horticulture and are poor. India has extremely helpless record of kid care and instruction. Henceforth a few authoritative and managerial advances were taken to improve instructive status of people.

India instituted right to instruction act in year 2000 and propelled the sarva shiksha abhiyan crusade to taught the majority. The law which made essential instruction upto 14 years old a crucial right was not fruitful and the administration saw countless dropout kids from training. The reason for this was dissected and it was discovered that the neediness which hits countless populace is an obstacle in the best possible usage of the program. Consequently another arrangement was worked out that of early afternoon supper framework, which accommodated one blistering and sound dinner for each kid going to class. This plan certainly observed increment in youngsters going to class.

Training framework in India anyway experiences numerous ceaseless issues initially is helpless learning and second is higher number of self destruction among children’s.

An ongoing report by ASER shows low quality of learning , countless understudies of class VIII couldn’t do essential science and couldn’t peruse class third content . Does this examination show failure of Indian youngsters ? the response to this inquiry is a major NO. As cited by Jackie Chan in a film “There is not at all like an awful understudy just the educator is awful”. the statement shows that youngsters are not awful just the training framework can’t take into account their necessities . It is progressively focused on bundling of instruction in various classes and quantitation of result as far as rate . It doesn’t concentrate on learning just as assessment as a procedure .

So also the issue of youngsters ending it all because of helpless numbers in board or different classes because of companion or parental weight appears to have originated from the terrible showing of instruction framework. The framework punishes youngsters for not acting as imprints. Educators regularly embarrass student who get helpless imprints in assessment . There is no extent of offering support to such understudy nor does the instructor discovers issues in his educating techniques. As the instructor is given a recognizable objective of getting more pass rate henceforth he/she utilizes all methods important to force youngsters to get however much checks as could be expected.

The rate arrangement of assessment squeezes kids in their youth. Training should give learning ground and condition to youngsters, it must urge them to learn things at their pace.

In India Glorification of higher rate workers in class X and XII board further compounds circumstance. It should in certainty think about execution of training framework.

The school sacks of kids are one more issue . The heaviness of school sacks have been continually expanding , kids are troubled with physical load of the books as well as with ceaseless schoolwork’s and task. Every one of these things leave almost no an ideal opportunity for self examination and play.

Games and sports are not influence of educational plan in India. There is no imprints given on that premise, henceforth focal point of our instruction framework is slanted. It doesn’t target in general improvement of kid.

Impact of Digital Technologies on Globalization

Globalization is the free progression of products, administrations, thoughts, individuals and culture over the globe and positively it is legitimately relative to the modernity and infiltration of the advanced innovations as in the above case. The above model is only a scaled down type of the bigger picture that shows the effect of advanced advances on globalization. Truth be told in the time of digitization the free stream has gone past the physical boundaries and come to connect with the ways of life and financial direction of people. From utilization of the online networking to the watching of kid’s shows on the TV are all piece of the globalization procedure.

The advanced innovation has a broad effect on the economy; it might be stream of products or administrations. The web has empowered the development of the administration area past the physical field. The rising KPO’s, BPO’s, IPO’s in the creating countries like India because of arrangement of talented and modest work is one of the effects. Additionally the utilization of the well informed items in extremely determined by and thus drives the globalization procedure. Utilization of GPS for route is a piece of regular daily existence of the metropolitan scene. The globalization activated by advanced advances surely assists without hardly lifting a finger and empowers improvement and yet it has restrictions which are noticeable on the different measurements. Isn’t it genuine how the American govt abused the innovation in the war against Iraq to misinform the neighborhood troops into a snare? Additionally the innovation involves conflict on the military and the key side in India also that traces the nearby observing the basic data of the remote land. Isn’t it genuine that the blue whale game that as of late got well known among youth took the blameless carries on with driven by numbness of the adolescents including the pernicious goals of the engineer? This isn’t just restricted to these unequivocal effects rather goes much past this. The utilization of an outside innovation or great or thought or administration instigates both positive and negative effects. On one side it assists with the procedure of social designing in this way helping the breaking of restrictions, particularities and generalizations. However, then again it regularly detaches the people from the social real factors and obligations. Additionally his/her direction changes inverse to the requests of the general public. By what means can a little kid learn as the profundity of his social and virtues if at the early age he is associated with the web based life like Facebook, gaming applications and remote culture based kid’s shows. This estranges him from the general public as well as ruins with the procedure of his inside and out turn of events. He/she can’t blend in with the general public and will in general create social and mental injury like a sleeping disorder, discouragement, and so on. The counter social and hostile to human activities of youngsters with the prompting of the Blue Whale game are one such delineation of the bigger picture. Likewise the vicious gaming applications or the unlawful recordings or applications degenerate of these youthful personalities. Delicate issues like sex are available to the kid as sex entertainment that drives the kid into indecencies. The thing which ought to have been steady through the sex instruction at different levels presently enters along the social instruments of socialization and frequently debases their psyches. The equivalent goes straightforwardly and in a roundabout way with the individuals working in the administration division as per the clock of a remote country. These people get an occasion for a Christmas however not for neighborhood celebrations like Diwali for the Indian case. They are mingled and refined purposely and non-deliberately in a manner that isn’t fit isn’t fit to their genuine condition. They also are estranged from their prompt environmental factors and need to confront different criticality. On the opposite end the physical preparation also makes the people face a torment of an outsider social milieu that isn’t at standard with the social and good needs of his. He can’t appreciate the ends of the week with his family positioned a great many kms away. He can’t share his accomplishments and disappointments through the physical methods. By the manner in which it is computerized innovation that assists with the correspondence like the video calling applications and others.

By the by this procedure has assisted with the reconciliation of the countries at a pace a lot quicker than what the conventional procedures can. The intermixing of the way of life and breaking of the social biases are not many of the numerous advantages this empowers. Like a young lady sitting in a room gets associated with the estimations of various social orders discovers that she is no not as much as his sibling who is offered a superior eating regimen and treatment in the family. She may learn on the off chance that she wishes different channels legitimate just as good to drive an adjustment in the mentalities and conduct of her family. Additionally the guardians may understand reality that is taken cover behind the shroud of obliviousness and these breaks with the deep rooted exploitative practices that are injust and improper.

The reconciliation of computerized innovations and globalization are one of the most basic changes in the anthropological feeling of the term. It is this that should acquire the fourth modern upset. The effect is multi-faceted and multi-dimensional. The countries need to ensure this is arranged and managed so as to make it serve the procedure of human turn of events. As it is properly said “Science/innovation is a decent hireling however a terrible ace”

International organisational behaviour

The international organisational behaviour examines from an international perspective and within the international context.

Influence of international organisational behaviour

• how culture effects human performance

• how culture diffefences can be used to enhanced key organisational functions

• cultural values and major frameworks for understanding culture

• Motivation and work values, communications, negotiations and crosscross-cultural conflict resolution , groups and teams, leadership , decision making , ethics, and human resources management .

Singnificance of International Organisational Behaviour

▪︎The international context of OB is becoming increasingly significant as organisations expand beyond their national boundaries

▪︎Managers of Multinational firms have to manage a variety of social, political and economic environment as well as unique individual differences

▪︎The difference at the level of the individual include individualism/ collectivism , power distance , uncertainty avoidance , and masculinity/femininity , which are different in different countries.

▪︎ Managerial leadership is the process of influencing others to direct their efforts towards the achievement of specific goals

▪︎ It is not possible to transfer business practices directly from one country to other country

▪︎ In some countries, the emphasis on production rather than productivity becomes a barrier to the improvement of the performance of the organisation

Organisational characteristics in an International context

cross cultural influences are found to exist on:

▪︎Environment

▪︎Technology

▪︎Organisational structure and organisational change

Universalism in leadership

Transformational leadership is projected as an approach which can cut across cultural barriers and be effective in any organisation anywhere in the world and represents a higher level of leadership.

Specially the transformational leader:

  • Articulates a vision
  • Breaks from status quo (current affairs)
  • Provides goals and plans
  • Gives meaning or purpose to goal
  • Takes risk
  • Build a power base expertise, respect and the admiration of followers
  • Demonstrates high ethical and morale standards

The international context of organizational inbehavior is becoming increasingly significant as organizations expand beyond their national boundaries. Managers of multinational firms have to manage a variety of social, political and economic environments as well as unique individual differences. The differences at the level of the individual include individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/femininity, which are different in different countries.

Managers need to be sensitive to cultural differences across different countries to achieve their goals in the global economy. The various aspects that differentiate cultures are people’s perceptions, their relationship with their environment, the time dimension, and the importance attached to public and private space. Differences between countries in these cultural aspects affect the way business can be conducted across the globe. Employees who travel to a foreign country for work find it difficult to adapt to the new culture because of factors like parochialism, ethnocentrism and culture shock.

 In some countries, the emphasis on production rather than productivity becomes a barrier to the improvement of the performance of the organization. It is not possible to transfer business practices directly from one country to the other. It is also not possible to use either the home country practices or the traditional practices of the host country. In such a situation, the best approach for expatriate managers would be to operate within the scope of home office policies, after adapting them to fit the culture of the host nation.

Theory Z is an example of an organizational approach that integrates American and Japanese management styles. The traditional and conservative approach to leadership cannot be used for organizations with a global presence. Globally competent managers have a good understanding of the worldwide business environment from a global perspective and try to learn about various cultures in order to carry out business operations in different countries successfully.

When the existence of supreme Hindu Lord Rama, was questioned in the courtroom. Good or Bad of Democracy? |You Decide

Representation of Ayodhaya’s Rama Temple

India being a Hindu majority, unlike many other countries never called itself a Hindu Rashtra (Nation). This is obviously so great of Indian constitution that has no religious identity of its own, this was done so that people of other faiths in India feel safe and secured under a non-religious constitution. This sets India different in many ways like we’ve seen and are well aware of atrocities being faced by many religious minorities in the neighbouring Islamic countries of India. Every year thousands of non-muslims from countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh are migrating to India for shelter and safety. Recently on 26th july 2020, 11 people of Sikh community from Afghanistan were granted visas and safely brought to the New Delhi. These people had faced the recent terrorism against Sikhs and Hindus of Afghanistan where many of them were slaughtered, abducted and raped by the talibani terror groups. These men, women and children feel lucky and like home India. The Sikh refugee who was priest to a Gurudwara (Sikh temple) who was abducted by the talibanis and later rescued by the Afghan Government in his recent interview on arrival said “India is home, India is Mother, there’s no other country like India”.

This was the sole reason that government of India had formed Citizen Amendment Act (CAA) to ensure that minorities in Islamic constitution of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh gets a safe house in India. The CAA grants Indian citizenship to all minorities i.e. Sikhs, Hindus, Christians, Zoroastrians, Parses, Jains, Buddhists and all other non-muslims facing inhumane atrocities in these three muslim majority nations.

In the same India that has room for all religions, a country that welcomes all whole heartedly and lends a helping hand. This country in Asian subcontinent is known for its good deeds of Humanity. India being Hindu majority never showed any form of biases in the case of Ram Janam Bhoomi (Birth Place of Lord Ram) case. Like its neighbours, India could’ve used its religious majority might to wind up the case decades earlier but unlike any other nation India had to wait for almost 500 years for reconstructing once demolished Ram Temple. It’s just like questioning the existence of Jerusalem and Jesus, Mecca and Madina.

Lord Ram who is believed to be the supreme avatar of Hindu God Vishnu was born in the capital of Ayodhaya in the solar dynasty that existed thousands of years before any other civilisation on the planet.

History of the Dispute

The land on which the Babri mosque was built in 1528 is the ‘RamJanmabhoomi’ (birthplace of the god-king Rama). But, Mir Baqi, one of Mughal king Babur’s generals, is said to have destroyed a pre-existing temple of Rama and built a mosque called Babri Masjid (Babur’s mosque) at the site.

The Babri Mosque was destroyed during a political rally which turned into a riot on 6 December 1992.

A subsequent land title case was lodged in Allahabad High Court, the verdict of which was pronounced on 30 September 2010. In the landmark hearing, the three judges of The Allahabad High Court ruled that the 2.77 acres (1.12 ha) of Ayodhya land be divided into 3 parts, with 1/3 going to the Ram Lamlash or Infant Rama represented by the Hindu Maha Sabha for the construction of the Ram temple, 1/3 going to the Islamic Sunni Waqf Board and the remaining 1/3 going to a Hindu religious denomination Nirmohi Akhara. While the three-judge bench was not unanimous that the disputed structure was constructed after demolition of a temple, it did agree that a temple or a temple structure predated the mosque at the same site.

The excavations by the Archaeological Survey of India were heavily used as evidence by the court that the predating structure was a massive Hindu religious building.

The disputed holy site of Ayodhya in northern India should be given to Hindus who want a temple built there, the country’s Supreme Court has ruled.

Supreme Court’s verdict

The case, which has been bitterly contested for decades by Hindus and Muslims, centres on the ownership of the land in Uttar Pradesh state. Muslims would get another plot of land to construct a mosque, the court said. Many Hindus believe the site is the birthplace of one of their most revered deity, The Lord Ram.

Court’s reason for verdict

In the unanimous verdict, the court said that a report by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) provided evidence that the remains of a building “that was not Islamic” was beneath the structure of the demolished Babri mosque.

The court said that, given all the evidence presented, it had determined that the disputed land should be given to Hindus for a temple to Lord Ram, while Muslims would be given land elsewhere to construct a mosque.

It then directed the federal government to set up a trust to manage and oversee the construction of the temple.

The Golden Birdwing – India’s Largest butterfly

By Udbhav Bhargava

The News

 A Himalayan butterfly called Golden Birdwing has been registered as India’s largest butterfly. The discovery was made at Bhimtal, UK’s Butterfly Research Centre. With a wing span of 194 mm, the species’ female at 106 mm is much larger than the male.  The female Golden Birdwing was reported in Didihat, Uttarakhand from. The specimen is housed at the Bhimtal Butterfly Research Centre. The zoological or scientific name of the newfound butterfly is Troides Aeacus. Butterflies and moths belong to the zoological order of Lepidoptera. The only measurement used in the study of Lepidoptera is wingspan. With a wingspan of 194 mm, the Golden Birdwing has dethroned the previous owner of the title, the Southern Birdwing having a wingspan 190 mm.

The Previous Record

Southern Birdwing (Wingspan – 190 mm) , zoological name – Troidos Minos

It had been recorded by British military officer and lepidopterist Brigadier William Harry Evans in 1932. He provided wingspans of all then known butterfly species from the Indian subcontinent and his book remains the standard work on the subject. But the specimen which he measured was unknown, and no other species butterfly measured as much as the 190 mm one, that he reported.

Lepidopterist is a person who studies or collects butterflies and moths.

The world’s biggest butterfly Queen Alexandra’s Birdwing is the world’s largest in terms of both size and wingspan in butterfly species, with females reaching slightly over 250 mm (9.8 inches) of wingspan. Mainly found in the Eastern Papua New Guinea.

List of Butterfly Parks/House in India

  • Bangalore 
  • Srirangam
  • Trichy 
  • Pune 
  • Chandigarh
  • Thane 
  • Goa 
  • Sikkim

Importance of butterflies

Pollination – Butterflies are attracted to colorful flowers, so they need to feed on nectar. As they do so their bodies collect pollen and transfer it to other plants.

Indicator Species – An indicator species in that environment offers details about the overall state of the environment and of other organisms. They represent the condition and changes in environmental conditions as well as compositional aspects of the population.

Butterflies in India – India currently has 1,327 Butterfly species.

Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel Hospital; 1000-bed hospital built by DRDO in 12 days

By Udbhav Bhargava

ABOUT THE HOSPITAL

On July 9th, the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel COVID Hospital, a temporary 1,000-bed medical center spread over 25,000 sq meters of Indian Air Force land near the domestic T1 terminal at Delhi airport, opened its doors to patients. The facility has been designed by the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO)-from scratch in just 12 days. The Union Home and Health Ministries, and Tata Sons were also active in constructing the hospital. The humungous project was sponsored by a handful of corporations as well as employees of DRDO who donated the salary for a day.

ITS IMPORTANCE

The hospital’s 250 ICU beds would increase the capacity of Delhi’s ICU bed by 11% and would help Delhi battle COVID-19 during critical situation. Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal had said on the day of the inauguration, that currently there was no shortage of hospital beds and that has over 15,000 beds, 5,300 of which are occupied. But he laid high emphasis on the paucity of ICU beds in Delhi and further said that these ICU beds will be extremely critical for us, if spike in Covid cases is noticed.

The facility is open to any positive Covid-19 patient; given they have a test report. All in-hospital medical care is safe. The hospital will have a total of 146 physicians. They are from the Medical Services Directorate General of the Armed Forces (DGAFMS), and from the Medical College of the Armed Forces (AFMC) in Pune. Around 50 nursing personnel and paramedical and support staff will be in attendance. A patient on the facility may also have an RT-PCR test conducted. The patient’s samples would be obtained and sent to the Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, to perform the study. The result will be given in just a couple of hours.

MORE ABOUT THE HOSPITAL

The hospital has 4 main hangars with 250 beds each. One hangar is reserved for the ICU – it is named Shaheed Col. B Santosh Babu ICU Ward After the Army officer who lost his life along with 19 others in the clash with Chinese soldiers in Galwan, Ladakh. The other general wards are named after other fallen soldiers – Shaheed Nb Sub Satnam Singh Medical Ward, Shaheed Nb Sub Nuduram Soren and Shaheed Nb Sub Mandeep Singh Medical Ward.

UNIQUE FEATURE OF THE HOSPITAL

  • One of the hospital’s special characteristics is the central air conditioning and negative pressure gradient indoors. It means that the air is not re-circulated, possibly causing cross-infections, and that the hangar is not allowed to be used. In hospitals, air conditioning is typically such that the air inside the wards is recirculated. The system is such that the air inside, which may have the virus, is thrown out, allowing fresh air to always be present inside. This ensures there is no cross-contamination.
  • Covid-19 causes a major breathing problem, and when one is heavily infected, oxygen is essential for survival. With this in mind, a vertical cryogenic medical oxygen tank is mounted at the hospital. This tank has enough liquid oxygen for 1,000 patients for a 4-day duration.
  • There are 250 ICU-ventilator beds in the hospital, each with a ventilator that has been procured by the DRDO through the PM-CARES Fund. Some of the ventilators have been built by Bharat Electronics in collaboration with the DRDO; others by AgVa Tech. A pharmacy is being run by Apollo Pharmacy at the site. The facility will employ four medical robot trolleys. The trolleys are remote-controlled and can carry food and medicines, as well as provide distance video chat services to patients.
  • Biomedical waste shall be disposed of at the plant as per policy. A waste treatment facility located on the property will handle the water from toilets. The water is chlorinated and treated with UV.

India’s 2018 Tiger Census creates Guinness record

By Udbhav Bhargava

The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) and the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) have conducted a nationwide assessment of the tiger population and habitat of the country every four years since 2006.

2018 CENSUS

The survey’s fourth iteration, conducted in 2018–19, has been the most comprehensive to date, both in terms of resource and data amassed. Camera traps (outdoor photographic devices fitted with motion sensors that begin recording when an animal moves by) were installed at 26,838 locations across 141 sites and surveyed an effective area of 121,337 square kilometres. In total, 34,858,623 photos of wildlife were taken by camera traps (76,651 of which were tigers, and 51,777 were leopards; the rest were other native fauna). The survey was awarded Guiness World Record for largest camera trap wildlife survey.

FOOT SURVEY

The 2018 “Status of Tigers in India” assessment also conducted comprehensive foot surveys that covered 522,996 km of trails and tested 317,958 habitat plots for vegetation and prey dung. It’s reported that the total area of forest surveyed was 381,200 km2 (147,181 sq mi) and cumulatively the compilation and analysis of data equated to some 620,795 labour-days. The assessment was performed over three phases, then the various datasets were combined to be extrapolated via statistical computation, informing the final results reported in the survey report.

Region Tiger Population (2014 Census)

 1. Western Ghats 776

2. Central Indian Landscape and Eastern Ghats 688

3. Shivalik Gangetic Plain 485

India 2226

Region Tiger Population (2018 Census)

1. Central Indian Landscape and Eastern Ghats 1033

2. Western Ghats 981

3. Shivalik Gangetic Plain 646 India 2967

In 2018–19, ground surveys and camera traps recorded tiger presence in 88,985 square kilometers of forests across 20 Indian states. The biggest chunk of tiger population has been reported in Madhya Pradesh (526), Karnataka (524), and Uttarakhand (442) states. Together, there were 1,492 tigers in those three Indian nations.  The highest jump in Tiger population was witnessed in Madhya Pradesh (71%), followed by Maharashtra (64%) and Karnataka (29%).  Th worst performers were Chhattisgarh and Mizoram that reported a decline in the overall population of tigers. Pench Tiger Reserve of Madhya Pradesh and Periyar of Kerala, emerged as the country’s best-managed tiger reserves.

INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN THE SURVEYS

National Tiger Conservation Authority was launched in 2005, following recommendations of the Tiger Task Force. Given statutory status by 2006 amendment of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The Minister for Environment, Forests, and Climate Change is the Chairman of the NTCA. Wildlife Institute Of India is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate change, was established in 1982.

Fear

I have never been more frightened than when I came back home and met everywhere messed up,my eyes suddenly caught an envelope on the table beside me, I picked it up with my hands shaking and heart beating fast as if trying to escape my rip cage. My eyes almost fell out of it’s socket as saw what was written on and no time I was out running on the dark lonely road.
My phone ranged and I picked it up, a strong masculine voice came in,“don’t inform the police and hanged up the call.

My heart pounded again
The sideway of the of my mind
Darkened as I ran fast
as I could to the meeting place
And the sun had gone down

Only me running the street
With each footsteps taken
Something departs in me
New thought arrives
And new thought depart
My clouded mind with despair

What have I gotten myself into?
Should I call police on myself?
An hour had passed
Two hours speaking to
Each others on the phone

And now I stood at the meeting place,
peered at the window of my heart
find no light inside myself
Only some voices.

Went in and out of me
Only some bags of trash
So so terrifying
Each contained different body part of me
The limbs crawling
They eyes shading tears
The ear listening
The legs kicking

There is decapitated woman’s head
her eyes still open
Staring pieces me
Her mangled hair was all but gone
And lips parted
As if trying to tell me something

I couldn’t help myself
I screamed no words
I run but go nowhere
the arms took me away from my escape and hauled me a room With
A gasp I took in the gruesome and horrifying scene in front of me
Was A lifeless body, multiple wounds in her stomach and neck
Her arms and legs lay bent sideways and backwards
Blood soaked her hair and surrounded the girl’s face
It Pained me to admit
The Lifeless body is my sister
My Breath caught in my throat and couldn’t help the tears stream from my eyes.

Unemployment fear in the eyes of graduates

Pour one out for 2020 grads. It’ll be hard to find a job in this market

Says Los Angeles Times

The current economic conditions could take this year’s grads 10 years or more to recover from

The Atlantic

The unemployment rate has been growing in the country for the last couple of years. The rates were higher in urban areas than in rural areas and saw a similar trend among gender. The unemployment situation in the country was the major cause of worry and anxiety among many Indians. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic had only accelerated the unemployment rates, and the situation is expected to improve with many joining the labor force in the days following lifting of lockdown restrictions.

As of now, it’s not clear for just how long their progress will be stalled. “I would talk [in terms of] years,” Till von Wachter, an economist at UCLA who has studied how young workers fare during and after economic downturns, told me. “If [the economy] recovers in the first year, there’s some hope. If it’s bad into the spring of 2021”—an eventuality that seems more and more likely—“then these individuals should worry.”

The cause for worry is the record of previous graduates who stumbled into an inhospitable economic climate. Researchers have shown that the economic scars of graduating into a recession—sustained higher rates of unemployment (for high-school graduates) and lower earnings (for everyone) compared with peers graduating as little as a year or two earlier or later—can last for as long as 10 or 15 years. This bad luck may also be dangerous for people’s health: Workers who were launching their careers during the recession of the early 1980s were found to have a heightened risk of dying in middle age, often due to increased incidence of heart disease, lung cancer, or drug overdoses.

In line with previous research, the cohort that graduated into the most recent economic catastrophe, the Great Recession, is still struggling overall. According to a paper by Jesse Rothstein, an economist at UC Berkeley, the pay and employment rate of those who graduated from college during the downturn remained relatively low throughout the 2010s.

As per the budgetary estimates by the Indian government, there has been a deficit in the estimates of the number of jobs to be created compared to the actual jobs created over the years. Even though only 24 percent graduates were being hired, the organized sectors of employment in the country grew at nearly 29 percent in financial year 2020.

Sandhya keelery

Increase of child marriage after COVID-19 pandamic

The coronavirus pandemic is reversing progress on ending child marriage and female genital mutilation (FGM), jeopardising the futures of millions of girls, a senior UN official said.

“The pandemic both makes our job harder and more urgent as so many more girls are now at risk,” Natalia Kanem, head of the United Nations’ sexual and reproductive health agency, UNFPA said on Tuesday.

An additional 13 million girls could be forced into child marriage, and two million more could undergo FGM in the next decade, beyond what would have been expected, as COVID-19 disrupts global efforts to end both practices, UNFPA said.

Deepening poverty caused by the crisis may also push more parents to marry their daughters off while they remained children.

“When so many girls and women are unwanted, cut, erased, given, traded and sold, our common future is undermined. We should all be outraged,” she told a news conference.

There are at least 19 harmful practices, including violent sexual initiation rites, witchcraft accusations, branding, dowry-related violence, force-feeding and body modifications such as neck-elongation.

“stubbornly widespread” despite almost universal condemnation: child marriage, FGM and the preference for sons over daughters, which leads to high numbers of female foetuses being aborted.

More than 140 million females are “missing” in the world today, mostly in China and India, due to prenatal sex selection or parents neglecting baby girls so badly that they die, UNFPA said.

Some 33,000 girls are forced into early marriage every day, usually to much older men, the report added, and an estimated 4.1 million are at risk of FGM this year.

Major gender imbalances caused by a preference for sons can leave men unable to find partners, which exacerbates the risks of rape, sexual exploitation, trafficking and child marriage.

Despite legal interventions over the years, India has the largest number of child brides in the world, according to a 2019 report published by UNICEF; one-third of the global total.

Firstpost

“To delay girls’ age of marriage, it will be far more important to improve overall access to education and also invest in better infrastructure. A legal revision alone cannot solve the problem.”

Importance of Online Education in this Covid 19 pandamic.

“Online learning is not the next big thing, it is the now big thing.” –

Donna J. Abernathy
E learning platforms

The internet and technology have made the world so small that just a click makes everything possible. Even our education system is not untouched by this development. The education system is experiencing unexplored realms. Over the years, technological advancements have placed online learning before school students and made the world realize that it’s a boon with end number of advantages. The e-education system has expanded so fast that the school students of all ages are benefitted from its advantages.

Referring to the current scenario of COVID-19, no one would have foreseen that online learning could play an important role in imparting knowledge digitally to the school students when it’s uncertain regarding schools to reopen. While online learning has come to rescue students in completing their syllabus irrespective of the nationwide lockdown owing to the pandemic.

Further, the school-from-home concept has also enabled parents in having a close watch of the interpersonal and communication skills, their wards are being taught while counting the benefits of online learning. Parents have also enthused e-learning resources while enabling their children with such a technological advanced concept.

Counting advantage of digital learning, the students will not only be taught at a low cost but also they may have flexibility in choosing their schedules, availability of study materials, learning new technological tools and in-demand experts whenever needed.

The education system is changing rapidly with all schools preferring online learning platforms to improve the student learning experience. With the help of communication technology and increased internet connectivity, it has given rise to hope for students to improving individual learning experiences.

Studies show that students do better with their learning when the parents are involved in their education. In an online learning environment, parents act as instructors for their e-learning experience. They ensure that their assignments and coursework are completed in a timely manner. Practically they provide support and encouragement to their children.

Parents not only encourage in an online school environment but also support in online learning.  They are with you at any age of your learning process. As a school student, you need more attention and support from them. You should see parents as your secondary educators. Whenever you have any technical problems on the website or related to any concept and theories, parents help you in rectifying those problems for effective learning.

Students do not learn much just sitting in classes listening to teachers, memorizing prepackaged assignments, and spitting out answers. They must talk about what they are learning, write reflectively about it, relate it to past experiences, and apply it to their daily lives. They must make what they learn part of themselves.

– Arthur W. Chickering and Stephen C. Ehrmann

Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Shopping

Who doesn’t like to shop? Buying new things is fun—except for when it takes so much time that it becomes more of a chore than a pleasure. Of course, now with online shopping and banking, you can go on a spree from your home.

Purchases are just a click away on the Internet—life never has been so easy! Online shopping is a very popular kind of e-business where one consumer can shop over the Internet and have their goods delivered. Ebay and Amazon are the two most popular and trusted websites for shopping online, selling millions of products each.

Nowadays many people prefer to shop online because of its numerous benefits. However, the practice has disadvantages as well as advantages. 

Advantages of Online Shopping

  1. Quicker to Find Products: Finding a product online is much easier than looking for it in the local store. In a store, you have to search for the product you want; if it’s not there, you may have to visit several locations, which is frustrating and time-consuming. However, when going for online shopping, you can easily search for any product by using the website’s search feature, and complete the transaction with click of a button. If the website doesn’t have it, you can simply go to another without wasting your time.
  2. Easy to Compare & find Cheaper Products: Products are often cheaper at online than they are in stores. Online stores do not have the overhead costs of renting their location and paying for the electricity, AC, cashiers, etc. Also, sometimes a product can be much cheaper in another country than in your country. In this case, it would be wise to shop online to save some money. It is also easier to compare a product with different online vendors and grab the best deal.
  3. It saves time and energy: You don’t have to waste your time going to stores, dealing with crowds, and standing in lines. The whole process of shopping from a local store becomes even more time-consuming if you do not have your own car. You can solve all of these hassles by shopping online.
  4. Online Deals: Often online stores gives good discount when they want to get rid of their old stocks. You can search for those deals and save money.
  5. There is buyer protection: Dependable websites like eBay provide buyer protection. This means that the website will give your money back if any seller fails to deliver the item or delivers an item that does not match the description.
  6. Locate rare products: Shopping online is very useful in buying rare products. For example, I recently bought a rare car part through through eBay. Not only was I able to find it, but the part was relatively inexpensive.
  7. Discrete Shopping: There are some things that you just don’t want to buy publicly. You can buy any kind of product online while maintaining your privacy.
  8. Support e-businesses: The progress of online business is actually helping countless people. Now people who cannot afford to buy or rent a shop, can easily open an online store and sell items from their homes. This is playing a very important role in reducing the unemployment rate.

Disadvantages of Online Shopping

  1. There is a delay before receiving your package: The main disadvantage of online shopping is that there is no instant gratification. Because the item must be shipped to you, you will have to wait a few days.
  2. You may receive an inferior product: Because you cannot hold the it and look at it in your hands, you don’t always know the quality of the product. Sometimes the description or photograph of the product might be of something slightly different. As a result, you might end up with an inferior-quality item.
  3. There are shipping charges: As previously mentioned, many of the disadvantages of online shopping stem from shipping. Shipping charges and delays are both common problems. Though items are generally cheaper in online store, sometimes the addition of a shipping charge makes the total price similar or more expensive than that of your nearby store.
  4. There can be delivery problems: Sometime you may face delivery risks. This means that the seller might fail to deliver the specified product or it deliver a product that has been damaged during shipping.
  5. Now it’s easy to be a shopaholic: Since it’s so easy to search and purchase different items online, many people end up becoming at-home shopaholics who buy things they actually don’t need.Online shopaholics think they are saving money because they can find such inexpensive products, when, in reality, it’s actually a waste because you don’t need those objects in the first place. So buy smart!
  6. Some items are better to buy from the real store: For example, it’s best not to buy clothing products online because you won’t be able to know whether they will look good on you without first trying them on.
  7. There’s a danger of being scammed: As online shopping becomes more and more commonplace, the number of online scams is also increasing. This is why a buyer should always buy from trusted websites only—trusted websites will take care of any fraud in order to maintain their reputations.
  8. Warranty issues: Many electronic items are sold without international warranty. So, if warranty is important for you, make sure you contact the seller to verify whether the item has international warranty or not.
  9. Less Business for Local Retailers: If most of the people are shopping online, then local retailers will be running out of their business. This might increase the unemployment rate in your own community.

Impact of Coronavirus on Business: India and the World

The outbreak of Coronavirus happened in China but it has infected more than 198 countries to date. With every passing day, people around the world are losing their lives and the quality of life is also degrading. The increase in depletion of economy and resources and the inadequate supply chain has resulted in the decline of business opportunities globally.

Fluctuation in the stock market has adversely affected the buying and selling of market shares and investments. 

Considering the recent impact it is speculated that the payment has staggered the world economy to the amount of $1 trillion. The gap is further widened with social distancing and lockdown that has not only affected startups or SMEs but also daily workers. Interruption in the supply chain has hit almost every industry and stock markets have been on a continuous slide since the end of January.

Between 10th January and 16th March the European, Hong Kong, US, and Indian stock markets went through major losses.

The impact of coronavirus is not just limited to a few sectors in India or globally, but it is equally evident in the stakeholder industry as well. Considering the white-collar and blue-collar industry, the negative impact of the pandemic is transparent now.

Few major stock exchanges including FTSE, NYSE, Sensex, Nikkei, Die Jones, Hang Seng have witnessed a decline of more than 25% out of which the worst impacted is BSE Sensex which had to bear 10.2K that led to a 25% decline.

This is evidence that the global economic balance has shifted from stability to an uncertain phase, out of which global agencies are propounding to alert for the wors

A large number of global or local agencies are uncertain about the pandemic and its economic devastation over the places. India has potentially gone through a 33-day lockdown in order to overcome the increase in coronavirus carriers.

It has resulted in a compromised financial structure, especially with the 2021 year. Later, the finance minister of India, Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman made a statement and announced a package worth $23 billion for cushioning the shortcomings.

In India, the GDP the transportation front, there is no passenger shift because of no passengers.

In spite of all the hurdles, it is speculated that the businesses that will invest in the financial resilience and strategic or optional development and global market is likely to be positioned better and recover well.

As global exporters are in a state of turmoil because of the drop in their sales and investment, the global effects are still subjected to depend upon the containment of the virus and alteration in supply chains.

The countries that have controlled the virus to an extent are resuming to normal but to say the least, it can still not be made public when we will witness the normal pace of life.

How long does it take to develop a new habit?

The time period can vary from a second to several years. The speed of the development of the latest mode of practice is ultimately determined by the force of emotion that accompanies the choice to start working in a particular way.

The idea of dying will inevitably be so daunting or frightening that the individual instantly shifts its diet, continues to work out, prevents smoking, and becomes a balanced, active human. Psychologists term it a “major emotional event.”

Any experience of intense happiness or pain, compounded with behaviour, can build a daily pattern of behaviour that will endure for the rest of the life of a individual.

For example, placing your hand on a hot stove or touching a live electrical wire can cause you severe, acute pain or shock. This will take only a split second to learn. Though and you’ll have formed the practice for the remainder of your life of avoiding placing your hand on hot stoves, or handling live electrical wires. The habit would have been established immediately, which will continue for ever.

How long would it take to develop a habit?

It takes some 21 days to break or form a habit pattern of maximum flexibility, according to the analysts. Habits that are more difficult or daunting to incorporate into your rising lifestyle require longer.

21 Days To Break A Habit Or Make A Habit

Three weeks will not sound like a very long time but you can develop strong habits within 21 days.

By this we mean simple habits including getting up early at a certain moment, walking every morning before you go out, listening to podcasts in your car, heading to bed at a certain hour, keeping out track for meetings, planning the day in advance, beginning with the most essential tasks every day or ending the days before you do something else.These are moderate level patterns that can be easily developed in 14-21 days of repetitive practice.

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How To Develop A Habit

Throughout the years, a consistent, strong, established technique has been built to establish new routines. It’s like a guideline to cooking a curry in the oven. You can use it to create whatever habit you like. Over time, it will be simpler and easier for you to create habits that you want to implement into your personality.

1) Make A Decision

Take a decision first. 

Clearly decide you will manage to perform 100 percent of the time in a certain manner, if the intervention is required. For example, if you decide to get up early and workout every morning, set your clock for a specific amount of time, and when the alarm goes off, get up immediately, put on your fitness clothes, and then start your exercise session.

2) Never Allow An Exception To Your New Habit

 During the formative stages, never make any change to the present pattern type. Allow no apologies or justifications for it. Don’t let the line go inside yourself. Whether you decide to wake up at four o’clock Push yourself to rise at 4:00 a.m. through morning Then that’s standard every single morning.

3) Tell Others You Are Practicing A New Behaviour

Inform others that you will begin to implement a particular activity. How more determined and dedicated you will become is remarkable, as you know that people are observing you to see if you have the strength to carry through on your resolution.

4) Visualize Your New Habit

Consider, in a particular situation, performing or acting in some way. The sooner the inner self will accept this new activity to become normal, the better you visualize and image yourself acting as though you already had a new routine.

5) Create An Affirmation

 Make sure that you keep reminding yourself. Such intensity massively increases the extent at which the current pattern is increasing. You could do something like, for example, “I get up every morning at 6:00 a.m. and get ready.” Repeat the last phrase before you fall asleep. You should of example get up minutes before the alarm clock starts on certain cases.

6) Settle for Persistence 

Sixth, stick to a new practice until it is so normal and clear that you feel truly bad for not doing what you have promised to do.

7) Reward Yourself

Seventh, and most notably, award yourself some form of recognition for bringing in a new move. You demonstrate and justify your acts, any time you acknowledge yourself.You’ll soon learn to interact reward satisfaction with behaviour at an implied level. You are setting up your own power base with positive outcomes that you consciously look forward to as a result of taking part in the action or practice you have agreed on.

Is internet the new crime scene?

Cyber Crime is an unlawful act where the computer is used as a tool or target or both. These days Cyber Crime is a fast-growing area of crime. As the technology is advancing man is becoming dependent on the internet for all his needs as it gives easy access to do shopping, gaming, online studying, social networking, online jobs etc. everything at one place. Apart from other countries, India is also not far where the rate of incidence of cybercrime is increasing day by day.

The bane of the internet, cybercrime refers to any illegal activities carried out using technology. Cybercriminals — who range from rogue individuals to organized crime groups to state-sponsored factions — use techniques like phishing, social engineering, and all kinds of malware to pursue their nefarious plans. Cybercriminals buy and sell malware online (generally on the dark web) while also trading in services that test how robust a virus is, business intelligence dashboards to track malware deployment, and tech support (that’s right — crooks can contact a criminal helpline to troubleshoot their illegal hacking server or other malfeasance!).

The professionalization and proliferation of cybercrime adds up to countless costs in damages every year, impacting individuals, businesses, and even governments. Experts estimate that cybercrime damages will reach $6 trillion annually by 2021, making it one of the most lucrative criminal enterprises.

Criminals are mostly exploiting the speed, convenience and anonymity of the internet, commit various criminal activities and pose the real threat to victims all over the world. These crimes can be phishing, Fraud due to credit card, debit card, bank robbery, illegal downloading, child pornography, distribution of viruses etc.

New technologies create new criminal opportunities but few new types of crime. What distinguishes cybercrime from traditional criminal activity? Obviously, one difference is the use of the digital computer, but technology alone is insufficient for any distinction that might exist between different realms of criminal activity. Criminals do not need a computer to commit fraud, traffic in child pornography and intellectual property, steal an identity, or violate someone’s privacy. All those activities existed before the “cyber” prefix became ubiquitous. Cybercrime, especially involving the Internet, represents an extension of existing criminal behaviour alongside some novel illegal activities.

Most cybercrime is an attack on information about individuals, corporations, or governments. Although the attacks do not take place on a physical body, they do take place on the personal or corporate virtual body, which is the set of informational attributes that define people and institutions on the Internet. In other words, in the digital age our virtual identities are essential elements of everyday life: we are a bundle of numbers and identifiers in multiple computer databases owned by governments and corporations. Cybercrime highlights the centrality of networked computers in our lives, as well as the fragility of such seemingly solid facts as individual identity.

Cyber Laws in India

Cyber Crimes, in India are registered under three main heads, The IT Act, The IPC (Indian Penal Code) and State Level Legislations (SLL).

Cases of Cyber Laws under IT Act:

Tampering with computer source documents – Sec. 65

Hacking with Computer systems, Data alteration – Sec. 66

Publishing obscene information – Sec. 67

Un-authorised access to protected systems – Sec. 70

Breach of Confidentiality and Privacy – Sec. 72

Publishing false digital signature certificates – Sec. 73

Cases of Cyber Laws under IPC and Special Laws:

Sending threatening messages by email – Sec 505 IPC

Sending defamatory messages by email – Sec 499 IPC

Forgery of Electronic records – Sec 463 IPC

Bogus websites, Cyber Frauds – Sec 420 IPC

Email Spoofing – Sec. 463 IPC

Web- Jacking –Sec. 383 IPC

Email abuse – Sec 500 IPC

Cyber Crime under special cells:

Online sale of Arms Act

Online sale of Drugs under Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act