Why are Hornets dangerous?

Not many of us know much about insects. All we know is mostly about bees. More specifically, honey bees. But did you know that there exist some insects, more vastly different and dreadful insects in nature? Let’s get to know them!

Hornets classification

First, let’s understand the classification of this organism in the biotic world. Naturally,the species belong to the kingdom Animalia ( animals) out of the five kingdom classification. They belong to the Phylum Arthropoda . The Class is Insects .There Family is vespidae and the Gene is Vespa.

• What Are Hornets?

Hornets are basically classified as insects. How are honey bees different from hornets? If you notice, honey bees have a kind of fuzzy fur like structure. Whereas hornets are hairless. But then….how are Hornets different from wasps? Actually,hornets are one of the wasps but with a special condition. Meaning, all hornets come under the domain of wasps,but hornets have a special feature but not all wasps are hornets. (Confusing much? Oh I know!). The special feature a hornet has is,they are much larger. Some even go somewhere around 5 cm!( maybe small for you but big enough for them).Some of the features are similar, for example: They live in nests in a colony, they have a queen who can produce about 1000 eggs, they even have female worker hornets but she sadly cannot lay eggs because she is infertile. A larva of a hornet comes out of the eggs and slowly develops and evolves.

Hornets were actually, accidentally introduced in the 19th century.

Then…they are not dangerous…..right?

Hornets have killer stingers which they use to defend their nests from predators. Now these stingers are even more harmful to humans. Why? Because, these are not bees,who die after stinging their predator. Why do bees die after pricking you is because the stinger separates from their body, making them die. Unlike them, hornets can sting continuously because their stingers are very fine and do not get separated after stinging, making them prick you multiple times and trust me, that would not be a good experience. But…Why is the venom of a hornet harmful? Well,a single sting of a hornet is similar to any other wasp sting but,hornets usually, do not sting only once. Seriously,their main target is to just sting you to death. Which is why they continue to sting you even after you’ve died ,till they think that you’re no longer a threat to their nests . The toxicity varies from different species of hornet, but as they are going to sting you repeatedly, it’s equally fatal.They practically inject the venom into your body. Most commonly,hornet venom consists of about 5 percent acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a drug which targets your brain, skeletal muscles etc. Not only these, but it is estimated that the murder hornets( Giant Asian hornets) which are the biggest hornets in the world.They contain a neurotoxin called Mandara toxin which, if comes in contact with your bloodstream, initially destroys your RBCs. Though, if a single hornet stings you, you might necessarily not die but can get some minor or major allergic reactions.Doctors usually use epinephrine/adrenaline(http://eduindexnews.com/2020/09/12/what-exactly-is-adrenaline/) for the treatment of these stings. The average death rate in Japan is about 30 to 50.

Source: Pinterest

But why do they sting

Now, you can’t completely blame them for thinking you as an intruder because they can’t help it. When you pass their nests, pheromones (hormones or hornets,you could say) are released inside the body of the hornets, which triggers the hornet to not let the intrude near the nest. Hornets prefer nests in burrows or somewhere near land. We all know sound transmits faster in solids. This makes pheromones trigger before you are inside the radius of their nest. They are extremely possessive about their nests and larvae and they get mobilized at once and then, they start to chase after the intruder. Even if a single hornet comes to chase you and let’s say, you even manage to swat it, probably with a stick, the insect will release pheromones which will attract the hornets towards you and they will not be in a good mood. No matter if it’s honeybees, or even their own Vespa species. They have active chemical inside them which increases their aggression. Hornets are not usually truculent at all. Infact they are naturally shy , peaceful creatures and avoid interaction.

They just can’t help but be protective about their nests when it comes to their nests.

•What do they feed on?

Hornets basically love three things to eat. Firstly,anything which is sugary. Anything that contains any kind of sugars will attract hornets and eat them. They, sometimes even subside into an overripe fruit, when accidentally picked up by someone can again lead to hornet attacking. Secondly, they love saps of trees. They often make holes in the trees and sometimes, actually live in it. Usually they nibble on oak trees and some wild trees as well. Thirdly, they love protein. Proteins are said to be the building blocks for they help in building muscles. So even hornets love proteinecious foods. The includes everything that has proteins. Everything.

Photo by Petr Ganaj

Why are they harmful to honey bees?

As said before, hornets love sugary things,sap of the trees and protein sources. Honeybees have two of the sources which hornets love. One, the honey bees contain a a sugar called fructose. In fact, fructose is the most sweet sugar. And two, they have a lot of proteins in their flesh. So ultimately, hornets invade the bee colonies quite often to satisfy their hunger. But bees are smart alright. There survival instinct is to vibrate in group. Now you might think that ‘Wait,they are going to be killed and the only thing that they can think of is vibrating!!!!???‘ The thing is, when these bees vibrate, it causes ‘quivering of their fiber muscles which is converted into heat energy. Now, you might be wondering, ‘Wait, what exactly is their intensions? Do the bees want to give the hornets an experience of sauna??!!!’ No. They actually use this as their survival tactic, because, hornets cannot survive. And bees use this to kill them. Bees literally roast the hornets by vibrating in groups.

Hey!Anyone would be protective about their nests. Don’t blame them. They can’t even help it!

Fact: Murder hornets(Giant Asian hornets can fly with a speed of 40 km/hr !!!!!

Better Sleep

Sleep is a vital, often neglected, component of every person’s overall health and well-being. Sleep is important because it enables the body to repair and be fit and ready for another day.There were several studies that scientists did in the early 2000s that looked at the effects of sleep deprivation.
Getting adequate rest may also help prevent excess weight gain, heart disease, and increased illness duration.A lack of sleep may affect a person’s desire or ability to maintain a healthful lifestyle, but it may or may not be a direct contributor to weight gain.

Man is the only mammal that willingly delays sleep.In general, exercising regularly makes it easier to fall asleep and contributes to sounder sleep. However, exercising sporadically or right before going to bed will make falling asleep more difficult.There are individual differences in the need to nap. Some adults and children need to nap. However, the majority of teenagers probably nap in the afternoon because they are not sleeping enough at night.Studies have found a relationship between the quantity and quality of one’s sleep and many health problems.Rates of insomnia increase as a function of age, but most often the sleep disturbance is attributable to some other medical condition.The body rests during sleep, however, the brain remains active, gets “recharged,” and still controls many body functions including breathing

According to research-
12% of people dream entirely in black and white
Before colour television was introduced, only 15% of people dreamt in colour. Older people dream in black and white more often than younger people.
Snoring is a common problem, especially among men, but it isn’t harmful.
Although snoring may be harmless for most people, it can be a symptom of a life threatening sleep disorder called sleep apnea, especially if it is accompanied by severe daytime sleepiness. Sleep apnea is characterized by pauses in breathing that prevent air from flowing into or out of a sleeping person’s airways.
A giraffe only needs 1.9 hours of sleep a day, whereas a brown bat needs 19.9 hours a day.

Within 5 minutes of waking up, 50% of your dream is forgotten
After an additional 5 minutes, 90% of recollection is gone. Sigmund Freud believed this was because dreams represent our repressed thoughts and so our brain wants to get rid of them quickly. However, it’s much more likely due to our brains simply being used much more as soon as we’re awake and so we forget much of what we’ve dreamed about.
Fear is said not to be the main emotion in nightmares
Instead, researchers have found that it’s most often feelings of sadness, guilt and confusion.

Ram Mohan Roy and Swami Vivekananda

Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Swami Vivekananda are two of the most important thinkers of the Indian political thought. Their works have, for centuries, provided a foundation that helps to study the Indian society from two different perspectives. While Ram Mohan Roy was more of a modern thinker who believed that social reform is possible only by following the west, Swami Vivekananda on the other hand was a conservative who believed change must not be inflicted by others but rather should come from within.

Roy, who is often called ‘father of modern India’ and the inaugurator of enlightenment and liberal reforms, was critically against the ideal Hindu worship, evident in his major work ‘Tuhfat-ul Muwahhiddin’. He believed the traditional practices like purity and impurity, hardships, auspiciousness and in-auspiciousness, and beliefs to be corrupt and irrational as they deprived the people of comforts and lead them to self-destruction.

According to Roy, an ideal society would be the one where there is emancipation of people and this could be possible on when the monopoly of the orthodox Brahmins over the sacred texts were undermined. In other words, religious reformation was a pre-requisite for an ideal society as religious reforms also meant social reformation and political modernisation.

In terms of economic and political thought, Ram Mohan Roy’s attitude portrays ambivalence between liberal capitalists and feudal aristocratic values and also between colonial and post-colonial societies. Roy advocated for the liberating and growth promoting forces on the basis of which he supported the British rule in India. His economic ideas were mainly shaped due to measures like the permanent settlement of 1793 and the agency houses of private British trade with India. According to him the settlement was advantageous to the British rulers and the Indian landlords. Though he was also aware of the injustice the system bought to the ryots and peasants who were exploited by these zamindars, for whom he pleaded the British government to follow the standards of justice, he was nevertheless criticised for not giving due importance to these exploited classes.

In contrast Vivekananda valued the power and effectiveness of organization but was wary of its tyrannical rule. Moreover, he wanted change to come from below that is from the people themselves and not inflicted by enthusiasts who had little understandings of the problem concerned. He believed social reform could be extremely sensitive in nature and thus required careful handling. In terms of political thought, he believed social reforms would leave lasting effects only when founded on popular will and not when it was affected through state legislation. Therefore, he was also against the tyrannical rule of the British. Although he is believed to have supported injustices against women, he also provided progressive solutions for their upliftment. For this upliftment, he considered education to be an important tool which would ultimately create great personalities among women just as it had in the case of men.

The two thinkers have quite differing views. While one favored British rule and believed social reform will come about only with the help of modern education, the other opposed such a rule and believed it to be ineffective.

NEET Exam: Today

Priya Yadav,

The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) will be conducted across the country on 13 September i.e. today for admission to medical courses. States have also relaxed transport with corona virus restrictions in the wake of NEET exams. The conduct of the NEET exam in the midst of the Corona epidemic was challenged by some students and opposition-ruled states. He had said that the life of students would be put in danger by conducting these exams at this time. A petition to defer the NEET and JEE examination was filed in the Supreme Court last month. However, the court said that the examination can be conducted strictly following the rules of social distancing.

This time around 16 lakh students have registered for NEET exam. The NTA has changed the examination centers of some candidates due to the corona virus epidemic. Candidates whose examination centers have been changed keeping in mind the safety and convenience have been informed through message, email or phone. NEET exam will be held from 2 pm to 5 pm.
Security arrangements have been completed by the NTA to ensure the NEET exam 2020 in the midst of the Covid-19 epidemic. In view of social distancing, the number of examination centers has been increased from 2,846 to 3,843 by NTA.
Candidates for NEET examination have started arriving at the examination centers. According to news agency ANI, ‘Neet is just a test. There is nothing to fear. If Neet is not successful in the exam this time, he will give the exam again next year.

9.25 AM- Special train for NEET candidates today

For the convenience of the candidates who take part in the Medical Entrance Examination (NEET), Railway Examination will run a special train. Tickets for the journey in special trains will meet the machine installed on the platform.
The candidates have to show the admit card before taking the ticket. Family will also be allowed to travel with the examinee. Train number 04304 will leave Bareilly at 04:15 am on Sunday and reach Lucknow at 8:45 am. In return, train number 04303 will leave Lucknow at 19:30 pm and reach Bareilly at 00.25 pm via Sandila, Balamau, Hardoi, Shahabad, Shahjahanpur, Tilhar, Pitambarpur.

8.50 AM-NEET 2020: Ministry gave these guidelines

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has made the rule of social distancing of masks and six feet mandatory for NEET examination. The university and exam conducting bodies are required to give masks and sanitizers to students and staff at exam centers.

8.30 AM- NEET 2020: Maharashtra government allows students to travel by local train.

The Maharashtra government has allowed all students to travel in local trains. Students going to take the exam will have to show their ID and admit card to travel on special trains.

8.05 AM-NEET 2020: Self Declaration Certificate

There will be “isolation rooms” for candidates whose body temperature exceeds the prescribed limit. The NTA has also asked the candidates being part of NEET exam to show self declaration certificate in the exam center. In which it is said that the candidate does not have Covid-19 symptoms and he has not come in contact with any infected person.

Should writers and artists have an unrestricted right to expression?

Freedom of expression means the right to express one’s own conviction and opinions freely by word of mouth, by writing, through painting or any other mode. In modern times it is widely accepted that the right to freedom of expression is necessary in a democratic society and this right must be safeguarded at all times. Liberty to express opinions and ideas without hindrance and especially without fear of punishment plays a significant role in the development of society. It is one of the most important fundamental liberties guaranteed against state suppression or regulation. However, this freedom needs to be tempered so that it does not hurt the sentiments of others.

• ‘Freedom of expression’ originally guaranteed by the Indian constitution Prior to 1972, Article 19 (1) of the Indian constitution guaranteed this freedom of expression. However, after 1972, Indian politicians felt this should be restricted as they feared that they will be ridiculed or otherwise harmed politically if it remained unrestricted. So, they enacted laws to limit the freedom of expression on various grounds under the garb of law and order, national security and other noble objectives.

• Restriction to freedom of speech causes suffering Many writers, speakers, cartoonists etc. belonging to different castes, creeds and social positions have suffered and are suffering due to the restrictions imposed by law. On most occasions they have been charged and arrested, causing them mental anguish and physical/financial suffering.

• Freedom of expression should be protected Important justifications for freedom of expression and speech are that they assist in the discovery of truth, help an individual to attain self fulfilment etc. ultimately results in the welfare of society and state and strengthen the capacity of an individual in participating in decision making in a democracy.

However, no freedom is absolute and unrestricted. It is necessary to exercise freedoms in order to have a democratic society, but their limitations are also needed for the maintenance of the democratic society. So, the freedom has to have suitable restrictions.

Thank you for reading. Have a nice day!

Technology-Centric Healthcare Is here-Thanks to COVID-19

It has passed a quite long time, since we talked about the way we used receive and deliver care in the era of pre-COVID-19. We use to move around freely and deliver care to the patients with intimacy. But thanks to COVID-19, for this technological health care.

Technology-centric healthcare

We have used many new technologies like telemedicine, but it was hardly implemented. But the sad reality is until and unless there is a pandemic hit, we do not adopt things.

Our normal life has been hampered in some or the other way. Now-a-days we are seeking for quick adaptation of digital healthcare technologies to stop or limit the spread of the virus. Once we come to place where we are no longer focusing on fighting the virus, the healthcare system will eventually turn a new way in delivering care in post-COVID-19 world. It is going to very different than what we were receiving till this pandemic situation hit.

Why is this moment in healthcare is far different?

The time is very crucial and different. Before we have not seen such sift in healthcare. Doctors were not so quick to adopt the digital heath care and only there were few who use to deliver digital healthcare. For doctors and patients virtual care became the one and only option.

But as we flatter the curve, our normal routine won’t be the same as before. Social distancing we be something which we be used to. Limiting the number of people in enclosed areas will obviously become the normal thing. Sanitizing the rooms will fall into our daily routine.

For the next 2-3 years, we all are going to witness these shifts in healthcare to deal the situation of COVID-19.

All new technical healthcare systems

Technical healthcare systems are gaining a lot of popularity now-a-days. It is changing the way of communicating with doctors and patients. They are adopting the digital method of healthcare to contact with the patients.

Messaging and monitoring

This is first thing that is being adopted by most of the doctors. They are using small practices of messing technology. Adding to this issue, how to provide correct information to high-risk patients, they are also ensuring that all patients had an access to latest information about the virus and its presences in the community.

Digital screening

We are all getting scared for the symptoms of COVID-19 in our daily life. Therefore the providers around the country are quickly adopting the digital tools and allowing them to do a pre-screening of the patients who are visiting the hospitals and doctors.

If any patient is found to be positive with this \virus, they are instructed to follow up with the safety steps. This will reduce the risk of exposing them to other patients.

Zero contact check-in

Over the past few months , there is a limitation to us, that we must maintain a certain distance from others. There must be a social distance.

As we move forward to re-opening of offices, institutions, there will be implementation of zero-contact check-in. The patients can check in virtually and can wait for their own turns until the doctor is ready to check them.

This technology is effective because there will be less chances of getting affected with this virus.

Curb side care

Tests like vaccinations, testings, blood pressure tests can be done anywhere like cars and patients do not have to doctors and wait in the waiting rooms for long.

Technology is the best and is the only way to provide seamless and essential healthcare services to patients during COVID-19. There will many methods changing for the good.

Healthcare providers are in the business of making people healthier and delivering care. This pandemic situation actually tried its best to keep healthcare providers from doing this.

Hope you all enjoyed reading this article. Do not forget to stay connected with us for more updates. Till then goodbye. Stay safe. Have a nice day

Phoenix- The Mythological Glory

A magnificent bird from ancient Egyptian, Arab & Greek mythology, that is believed to live for roughly 500 years or more. The tale dates back to 2500 years ago & its story began from ancient Egypt & Arabia. The myth goes as, when the old bird is tired, is flies back from Arabia to Egypt, The city of Sun.

The fabled bird builds a nest on the peak of The Temple of Sun by gathering some cinnamon twigs & resins. This is followed by the sun igniting the nest, causing the old Phoenix to die in the flames. A new young phoenix arises from the ashes of the burn & preserves the ashes of the predecessor in the egg of Myrrh. Later it deposits the egg on the altar of the Sun God & heads back to Arabia, to begin with, a new life cycle. Thus no ancient authority gave it any boundation of any life span. It is believed that at a certain time phase, there’s only one Phoenix in existence.

The legendary phoenix is a large & grand bird that is mostly believed to resemble an eagle. It is brilliantly coloured in shining reds, purples, and golden plumes as it is associated with the rising sun and fire. This mythical bird is a symbolism of renewal & resurrection. The concept represents a bunch of themes like the sun, time, the empire, life in the heavenly paradise, Christ, Mary, virginity, and the exceptional man.

Its namesake, Phoenix, Arizona, reminds modern Americans that the city stands on the same site as a vanished Native American civilization.

Some historic studies revealed that the Romans possessed quite an affection for the Phoenix. Their coins showed the Emperor’s face on one side while the Phoenix on the other. It is believed that the Phoenix itself represented Rome. As the bird stays eternal, so does the empire of Rome, with each new emperor.

Similarly in Islamic mythology, the phoenix was identified with the ʿanqāʾ, a huge mysterious bird, probably a heron that was created by God with all perfections but thereafter became a plague and was killed. The Egyptian Bennu, the Native American Thunderbird, the Russian Firebird, the Chinese Fèng Huáng & the Japanese Hō-ō are all believed to be associated with this mythical Greek bird.

In Egypt, Bennu symbolizes immortality & rebirth & was believed to be associated with the period of flooding of the Nile, bringing new wealth and fertility. While in Asia sighting of the phoenix was considered as a good sign that a wise leader has ascended to the throne and a new era has begun. It was representative of Chinese virtues: goodness, duty, propriety, kindness, and reliability. The palaces and temples are guarded by ceramic beasts that are believed to be all led by the phoenix.

Route Mobile IPO: After Subscription duration

The IPO, which is being sold at Rs 345-350 per share, is seeking a valuation of 29 times PE on FY20 basis (fully diluted). Analysts are positive on the issue and believe the IPO can offer listing pop as well as long-term gains.
Analysts are positive on the issue and believe the IPO can offer listing pop as well as long-term gains.

Route Mobile Ltd.’s initial public offering (IPO) was fully subscribed on the very first day of bidding as it attracted a large influx of retail investors oversubscribing their portion. The Rs 600-crore issue includes a fresh issue of Rs 240 crore and an Offer For Sale (OFS) of up to Rs 360 crore. It enters the market at a time when liquidity is abundant and IPOs are being welcomed with an overwhelming response, as is evident from the Happiest Minds Technologies issue which was subscribed 151 times. Route Mobile has already managed to collect Rs 180 crore from anchor 15 investors, before the issue opened yesterday.

Route Mobile provides cloud-communication platform as a service to enterprises, over-the-top (OTT) players and mobile network operators (MNOs). Its range of enterprise communication services includes application-to-peer (A2P)/peer-to-application (P2A)/2-Way Messaging, RCS, OTT business messaging, voice, email, and omni-channel communication.
The Rs 600 crore IPO by Route Mobile received 5 times bids so far on Day 3 of the bidding process. As per data available with BSE and NSE, the issue received bids for 6,15,32,960 shares by 11 pm on Friday, which was 5.05 times the total issue size of 1,21,73,912 shares.

The company has no listed peers. The proxy peers, which have a small presence in services offered by Route Mobile, are Tanla Solutions and Tata Communications. Continuous development of omni-channel digital communication offerings and innovative solutions focus on developer community program, service offerings through inorganic opportunities and growing presence in additional markets to serve clients locally augurs well with the company going ahead,” said Ashika Institutional Equities.

Route Mobile is going to use the net fresh issue proceeds for repayment or prepayment of certain borrowings, acquisitions and other strategic initiatives, purchase of office premises in Mumbai and general corporate purposes.

The Rs 600-crore public issue witnessed strong subscription of 73.3 times during September 9-11 as the portion set aside for qualified institutional investors was subscribed 89.76 times, non-institutional investors 192.8 times and that of retail investors 12.66 times on final day. “As expected, Route Mobile received an overwhelming response from all the category of investors. We are positive on the future outlook for the industry as well as the company. We expect good listing,” Keshav Lahoti- Associate Equity Analyst at Angel Broking told in Moneycontrol’s release.

Ahead of the IPO, Route Mobile had raised ₹180 crore from 15 anchor investors, including Goldman Sachs, SBI Life Insurance, and SBI Mutual Fund. Route Mobile offered 1.71 crore shares at a price band of ₹345-350 apiece. According to brokerages, Route Mobile shares are likely to get listed on 21st September. KFintech Pvt Ltd is the registrar of the issue. ICICI Securities, Axis Capital, Edelweiss Financial Services and IDBI Capital Markets & Securities are the managers to the issue.

Marine Oil Spills: Paving the Way to Destruction of The Oceans and Marine Life

Time and again, news and tabloid have reported occurrences of oil spill accidents across the globe. The most recent confirmed oil spill would be the MV Wakashio oil spill. This disaster shaped up at a gradual pace but it started from the offshore of Pointe d’Esny, south of Mauritius, after Wakashio (a Japanese bulk carrier) ran aground on a coral reef in the Indian Ocean on 25th July, approximately at 16:00 UTC. Estimation is that, about 1000 tonnes of oil was discharged into the ocean. The incident has been termed as the worst environment disaster in Mauritius.

India also had faced such disaster in the recent past. In 2017. The Ennore oil spill took place outside the Kamarajar Port in Ennore, near Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The incident took place on 28 January 2017, due to the collision between an outbound empty tanker BW Maple and An inbound loaded oil tanker Dawn Kanchipuram, at 04:00 local time.The spillage quantity is estimated to be 251 tonnes.

Needless to say, these accidents cost us humans in many ways. Some, which we don’t even realise now. So, what is the extent of damage and carnage caused by these incidents? Let’s find out.

What makes up the pollutant ?

The pollutant which causes all these environmental mayhem is crude oil. Also, known as liquid petroleum. The constituent chemical composition includes hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and also other organic compounds. It is a leading base source of numerous types of fuels and is formed due to compression of large quantities of dead organisms (mostly zooplankton and algae) under sedimentary rocks accompanied by intense heat and pressure conditions over a very large period of time.

Crude oil, especially the lighter grades (has lower density) are preferred as they contain a good balance of hydrogen and carbon. Due to their density, they tend to float over the saline water.

The slowly building adverse effects on the environment that are now being recognized and associated with fuel consumption. This includes global warming and ocean acidification due to CO2. On the other hand, short-term oil spill causes immediate and visible effects on the environment too.

What does it cost the environment?

The intensity of damage of oil spills, be it crude or refined oil, is more severe in oceans than on land. The layer of oil can spread up to hundreds of nautical miles and therefore forms a thin layer over the water surface. The nature of the adverse effects depends on the amount of oil spilled, type of oil,speed of the discharge of oil in the ocean, location of the spill, with respect to geographic and marine conditions, the oceanic circulation pattern and the local climatic conditions, and so on.

The immediate effects on marine biodiversity includes chemical toxicity, interference with physiological processes of the animals, loss of organisms from a community etc. In fishes, it leads to starvation (due to pollution of food sources), impaired respiration and reproduction, habitat destruction and toxicity due to oil ingestion.Also, certain species have sensitive reactions to the chemical composition of oil. All these build up to a high mortality rate in fishes and larvae. Also, deformities might arise in present and/or subsequent generations.

Birds are affected as they on consumption, these pollutants harm their lungs, liver and kidney. Also, due to oil trapped in their feathers, they cannot effectively fly or float, due to compression of the feathers. The feathers also provide insulation to the birds and in such cases, the feathers cannot effectively protect the under skin. Sea birds, which come in contact with water, have water residuals attached to their skin and might die due to hypothermia.

Animals like whales, dolphins, otters and sea turtles are also not immune to the oil spill adversity. They encounter physiological complexities.like tissue damage of various organs, low immunity, ingestion and inhalation of oil causing respiratory inflammation, ulcers, gastrointestinal irritation etc.

Several other classes of animals and the plant kingdom too are affected and suffer from various short and long term effects. Coral reefs, in particular, are very hard hit due to this pollutant. As for contact with large quantities of oil can damage and impede the growth, development and reproduction of the corals reefs. The oil cover also destroys the thriving ecosystem surrounding the reefs.

What’s done to reign in and restore the damage?

Cleaning up the oil spill can be difficult, as the methods and effectiveness vary with different factors like type of oil spilled, temperature of the water, and types of marine landforms involved. Also, some techniques themselves have adverse effects on the environment (eg. controlled burning). Other methods involve: Bioremediation, Dredging, Skimming, Solidifying etc. Also, in some courses of actions,’wait and watch’ approach is the best solution.

As the saying goes around, ‘Prevention is better than cure’. Hence, the focus should be on preventing such disastrous accidents rather than speedy clearance procedures. For now where we stand, any damage, even be it a small one, to the environment might hit us worse than we can think of.

Reference websites:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill#:~:text=An%20oil%20spill%20is%20the,may%20also%20occur%20on%20land.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Ennore_oil_spill

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_Wakashio_oil_spill

MUMBAI – A SENSATIONAL CITY

I will always cherish my visit to Mumbai, the city of dreams, and a city after my heart. Known for beautiful places and some UNESCO heritage sites like Gateway of India, Elephanta Caves, Juhu Beach, Marine Drive, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, Galleries, Victoria and Art Deco buildings and Colaba Causeway, the iconic Crawford Market, Amazing Street food, and a lot more. The people of Mumbai are termed as “Mumbaikar”. Mumbai surrounded by the Arabian Sea was first known as Bombay which is located in a peninsular on the Western coast of Maharashtra state. Mumbai has tropical humidity, from March to May the weather is hot and dry, from June to November Mumbai has heavy rains, and from December to February, the temperature is cool.

Mumbai is the financial capital of India, making it one of the expensive cities in Asia. I think Mumbai is the best place to restart your life in India but you’ll have to work on your budget. For fitness freaks in the dawn to enjoying the nightlife, Marine Drive is the best place you will see in Mumbai. The soothing sound of waves helps you to unwind, well you can enjoy the beauty of the sea, but not relax as the emotion-struck couples engaged in PDA will make you gag, and believe me, it’s not at all romantic as you see in Bollywood films and speaking about movies. Mumbai is the base of the Bollywood industry with the largest producer of films, making Mumbai India’s largest entertainment capital, and who knows you may spot an actor in a diner or club. Acting and Drama hold special interest for Mumbaikars and one famous place is NCPA (National Center Of Performing Arts). People here are helpful and friendly and makes sure that you feel comfortable. Shopping buffs will love this place from Colaba Causeway to Bandra Linking road to Crawford Market for the street shopping. Each building has a history behind it, Be it Gateway of India or the Taj Hotel. Street food is one popular sensation of Mumbai. Mouthwatering Vada pav, Pani puri Falooda, Pav Bhaji, Ragda puri, Missal Pav, Snow Cones (Gola), Sev puri, to Chines food, and the list goes on. To budget-friendly eateries to posh Restaurants and Bars, Mumbai has it all. Some 5 Star hotels such as Trident, The Oberoi, Taj Mahal Hotel are just so classy.

Well, there are a lot more facts to know about, like Mumbai has a Coastline of about 150 Kilometers, Dharavi in Mumbai is the biggest slum in Asia, The famous network of Dabbawalas (lunchbox delivery system) that is only seen Mumbai, first bus service in India was started in Mumbai, etc. Even though Mumbai is a beautiful place, there are a lot of disadvantages too. The dense population has been causing a lot of damage to the environment like Land pollution, Air pollution, Water Pollution, Deforestation leading to drastic climate change. With proper care, awareness, and solution, we can restore its natural beauty. Mumbai will always remain my forever favorite. Even though there are problems within the city, I would say heaven is where your heart is.

Animals too have a right to live

It is fascinating how diff. people takes this issue in diverse ways. As time passes by, it’s getting more contradicting since everyone has their own feelings towards animals. There are most of us those who believe that animals more or less like human beings with feelings and emotions. They too are able to feel physical and emotional pain and they does have RIGHT TO LIVE AS A HUMAN DOES HAVE.

Nature has created all of us Animals, plants or rather Microbes and we are nobody to interfere in it’s creation, we are none to destroy its beings. It is the correct time for us to understand that all animals have right to existence, all animals have right to live.

If we can’t understand its importance today then it would be very late as it is a high time now. We are destroying nature by our even small deeds. So, at last but not the least- Human society it is a high time now, if you couldn’t understand that every Animal have right to existence then the day is not so far for all species of animals to get extinct.Animal behaviorists increasingly find that nonhuman animals possess complex social lives and share many human emotions, while molecular biologists have discovered stunning commonalities between humans and other animals on the genetic level.In this beautiful world, animals have as much right to live as human beings. In totality, the entire earth is a common property of all of us. It is our world and it is their world. Should humans have rights? Most of you would say yes. People often ask if animals should have rights, and quite simply, the answer is “Yes!” Animals surely deserve to live their lives free from suffering and exploitation. Just because we are at the top of the food chain, does that give us the right to take animal rights away? A life is a life and it should be valued, no matter what you are.

Animals cannot speak for themselves and for that reason we need to protect them. Protecting them is something we should take pride in, it is our responsibility. Animal rights is the belief that animals have an intrinsic value separate from any value they have to humans and are worthy of moral consideration. They have the right to be free of oppression, confinement, use and abuse by humans. By respecting animal rights and having consideration for animal welfare, we also support ecological balance.Physical abuse, communication wounds and neglect are often cases we see at the LSPCA. The current transport of live animals, roadside sale of live animals and slaughter procedures all contribute to animal abuse and cruelty in Malawi. Donkeys for instance suffer from wounds inflicted by whipping the animals as they do not respond well to being attached to a cart with a yoke. A donkey’s strength lies in its chest and therefore needs to pull a cart in a harness as opposed to what’s happening in Malawi, where donkeys are pulling a cart by being attached through a yoke meant for oxen, who have their strength in their necks! Often animlas are expoited for breeding or culling with no regard to their wellbeing from birth to death. Responsible pet ownership is needed to protect dogs from having multiple litters, which in effect will control the dog population. Most dogs roam and live a fairly miserable life, with little care and do not die a natural death in Malawi. Dogs are being killed on the road in large numbers every day! This is not the fault of the dog, but that of the owner. Often people are oblivious of the cruelty they inflict on animals and it is our task to ensure our fellow Malawians open their eyes and ears to the plight of animals and the daily abuse and suffering they endure under our hands.

Street animals all over the world are in a very bad plight. They live virtually wherever cities exist and the local human population allows, especially in the developing and the former second world. Street dogs may be stray dogs, pets that have strayed from or are allowed freedom by their owners, or may be feral animals that have never been owned. Compared to the rest of the world, street animals and especially stray dogs of Nepal are in a very pitiful condition. Approximately 26,000 stray dogs live on the streets of the Kathmandu city. Most of these dogs live in a miserable condition and most of them do not die a natural death. Nepal is one of the few Asian countries without proper animal welfare legislation. Most urban stray dogs are discarded pets which have become sick, pregnant or developed aggressive behavior, or the offspring of such animals. Outbreaks of rabies are often traced to unvaccinated street dogs, one of the most common carriers of the painful and deadly disease. There are dozens of hit and run cases by speeding vehicles leaving stray animals wounded and severely injured. The plight of stray animals is devastating.

In the course of controlling the population of stray dogs, the government had started the campaign of killing them. However, the program was later discarded after it gathered massive criticism. Despite the efforts of both the government and private sectors, the number of stray dogs is yet to go down as expected. While the reasons for this tragedy are multi-faceted, they are not complicated. In addition, the problems that cause animals to become homeless and end up in the streets are preventable, with the solutions in all of our hands. If the government agents can provide proper management, the situation can improve greatly. Many dogs would have their conditions improved if they had obtained vaccination and other medical treatments timely. Proper spaying and neutering of these animals would stop further growth of animals in the streets. This would solve the problem largely.

Healthy Life is must

Hello everyone this is intern of HARYALI organisation .This article is designed to give tips to readers about how they can improve or augment actions in their life to have a healthy lifestyle; it is not meant to be all inclusive but will include major components that are considered to be parts of a lifestyle that lead to good health. In addition to the tips about what people should do for healthy living, the article will mention some of the tips about avoiding actions (the don’ts) that lead to unhealthy living.

Physical fitness is not the sole basis of being healthy, being healthy means being mentally and emotionally fit. Being healthy should be part of your overall lifestyle. Living a healthy lifestyle can help prevent chronic diseases and long-term illnesses. Feeling good about yourself and taking care of your health are important for your self-esteem and self-image. Maintain a healthy lifestyle by doing what is right for your body.

“Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence.”Happiness is a broad term that describes the experience of positive emotions, such as joy, contentment and satisfaction.Emerging research shows that being happier doesn’t just make you feel better — it actually brings a host of potential health benefits.”Healthy living” to most people means both physical and mental health are in balance or functioning well together in a person. In many instances, physical and mental health are closely linked, so that a change (good or bad) in one directly affects the other. All humans have to eat food for growth and maintenance of a healthy body, but we humans have different nutrition requirements as infants, children (kids), teenagers, young adults, adults, and seniors. For example, infants may require feeding every 4 hours until they gradually age and begin to take in more solid foods. Eventually they develop into the more normal pattern of eating three times per day as young kids

.Physical activity and exercise is a major contributor to a healthy lifestyle; people are made to use their bodies, and disuse leads to unhealthy living. Unhealthy living may manifest itself in obesity, weakness, lack of endurance, and overall poor health that may foster disease development.Healthy living involves more than physical health, it also includes emotional or mental health. The following are some ways people can support their mental health and well-being.Tobacco use is the most important preventable illness and cause of death in the U.S., according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI).

Tobacco use was estimated to be the cause of 443,000 deaths in 2010 in the U.S.High-risk sexual behavior can lead to the acquisition of sexually transmitted illnesses . In order to have a sound mental and emotional state, you must surround yourself with positive energy. Yes, not all problems can be avoided. But it helps to face such obstacles with an optimist outlook. Surround yourself with encouraging friends and people that will provide you with constructive criticism every once in a while to help you improve.

So be a happy and healthy life so that you have the best moments in your life as you know life is short so live it happily and joyfully.

THANK U

The Celebrity Crushes We All Had

Everyone has had that one celebrity who makes their heart beat faster and whose photo can instantly bring a smile to your face. Even when we leave our teenage years behind, we keep up with these celebrities and cherish them in our hearts. For my father, it is Madhubala and my mom’s most recent celebrity crush is surely Chris Evans.

While talking to my friends, I realised that our celebrity crushes were not that different. The origin of my friendship with half of my closest friends was due to our mutual love for One Direction, we jammed to their songs, bought their merchandise and cried together when they broke up. And this experience gave me some friends I’ll have for my entire life. Thus, celebrity crushes are important.

There are some celebrities who were loved by all those born between 1999 and 2003. The ones who top the list are:

• Shah Rukh Khan

Nobody can win a heart as fast as Shah Rukh Khan. He is the King of Bollywood and one of the most charismatic actors of all time. From his success story to all the roles he has played, he is the absolute favourite of one and all. Growing up watching Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Ghum, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge, Mohabbatein, Kal Ho Na Ho and so many more iconic movies taught us all some life lessons and had us drooling over SRK.

• Zayn Malik

Zayn Malik started his career as a member of one of the most famous boybands, One Direction (1D). As part-Asian, he has a major fan-following from India and was the hearth-rob of all teenagers a few years ago. Apart from being a great singer, he is sweeter than strawberries with his fans who are extremely loyal to him. Even when he left One Direction, his fans didn’t leave him.

• Robert Pattinson

Reading and watching the Twilight series, written by Stephanie Mayor, was one of my favourite past times. The primary reason why I sat through all 4 movies was Robert Pattinson, playing the role of Edward Cullen and the secondary was Taylor Lautner. Losing myself in the fantasy land of vampires and werewolves was how I spent my breaks in school and at home.

• Zac Efron

The most famous teenage movie, High School Musical was watched by basically every school-goer in the late 2000s. That’s where our journey of love for Zac Efron began. The sequels of High School Musical were loved by all. All of us have supported and admired him from his first movie to the most recent ones, like Baywatch and The Greatest Showman. We have a special connection with him because it felt like we grew up with him.

• Hrithik Roshan

His dance moves and amazing chemistry with all his co-stars always leave us wanting more. The diversity of the roles he has played in the past 20 years is astonishing. Watching his movies, from Koi Mil Gaya and Dhoom2 to Jodhaa Akbar, in theatres and then gushing all about them with our friends brightened our childhoods.

Every year, if not every month, we find a new celebrity and fall head over heels for them. But the most impactful are the ones we love in our teenage life. Let’s revisit these memories and cherish them for life.

Contemporary International Relations

International relations have been a subject of fascination for most of us, the subject brings us into the different kinds of relations countries shared across the world. But have we ever stopped to think, why we should learn about international relations? Not really. International relations is a vast subjects, its main focus is on the relations shared between the different countries.

Its primary focus is to maintain peace and prosperity across the world. In international relations, peace is indivisible. The core objective of International Relation is to minimize the causes of war and create conditions for peace. We all are human beings, it is in the nature of human beings to share different and radical perspectives on the same thing, but what we should all focus is the need to eradicate a condition that can be a threat to our peace and prosperity.

An important objective introduced in the International Relations is the ‘Logic of Deterrence’. This logic was put into act during the cold war time. The time after World War II saw a lot of changes in the international system. There was an existence of two super powers, US and USSR. There was tension between these countries and it has led to many proxy wars in other countries. But US and USSR never waged a war against each other, this was due to the logic of deterrence, both of the countries know that they have enough weapons to harm each other, and that there will no winner left standing. It could result in a lot of deaths without having a purpose and so they avoided a civil war at any cost, but it never stopped them from involving with other countries.

The League of Nations was replaced by United Nations after 1945. This was because it couldn’t prevent the second world II. The UN was established with the motive of preventing any more world wars and in spreading conditions of peace and tranquility. The UN had five main members – US, USSR, France, UK and China. They were known as the big five and are the permanent members of the UN, while the others members of UN are temporary. The landscape of International Relations has changed across the times, from the disintegration of Soviet Union to globalization paved its way.

Contemporary shape of the international relations has been a collective result of the following three factors. Firstly, with the disintegration of the soviet union, there was only one super power, it was the US. Times after was the US Hegemony, other countries and states were afraid of US. Countries who were not even part of the both the alliances were also very careful to keep themselves out of the way of US.

Second reason was the widespread ideology of liberalism. With communism out of the match, liberalism was seen as a better ideology across the world. Now countries were close to each other for economic reasons rather than political or cultural reasons. One of the example is the Look East Policy by the countries of South East Asia. Sometimes countries are forced into being slaves, not as colonies but in a new term called as neo-colonialism.

And finally, with an increase in the connections across the countries, it has put into effect a set of undesirable changes. Some countries had problems of their own and soon that become problems of other nations too, like terrorism, environmental issues etc. Globalization has set into motion a chain irreversible change. As globalization has set in, it gave a lot of opportunities as well as challenges too. It has become so much important to study about these in our day to day lives.

What Exactly is Adrenaline??

Ever heard of the term ‘adrenaline pumped through my veins’ in the stories and novels?What does this ‘adrenaline’ mean? What exactly does this fluid do? Well, carry on!

What Is Adrenaline

Basically, adrenaline is a hormone which is secreted by your body from the adrenal glands. What is a hormone? Simply explaining a hormone is a ‘regulatory substance’ made by any living being and is taken towards the blood or other fluids to balance out specific cells or many tissues ‘into action.Where are the adrenal glands situated?The adrenal glands are situated just above our kidneys. The hormone pumps through our veins, when we are anxious, filled with fear, nervous, or in major danger. Adrenaline is our body’s response to danger. Adrenaline does not have any addictive property. Adrenaline is a condition when our body has to do something in which we feel strong emotions like excitement , fear, anxiety, nervousness and when you face some difficult and life threatening emotions. Which means that this hormone helps us to react to these emotions in a better and quicker way.The chemical formula of adrenaline is C9H13NO3.This hormone contains something called adrenergic receptors. The adrenal gland not only secretes adrenaline,but also many hormones like aldosterone(steroid- regulation of salt and water which effects blood pressure hormone),cortisole (stress hormone)and noradrenaline( with adrenaline, these both incrwase the blood pressure and the heart rate). The glands are actually controlled by another gland named the pituitary gland. You might have heard in dramas when surgeons shout to give a dose of Epinepherine. Yes, that’s right, it’s only the an other name of adrenaline itself. Adrenaline is a hormone. It is released when we are only granted with two options, either fight, or run.

Photo By Leon Macapagal

Why are they secreted?

What is the reason of the secretion of this hormone though? So the initial reason for adrenaline rush is,Suppose you are facing a wild animal, let it be a tiger. What possible options do you have? 1. Either run so hard that, keeping in mind to not leave any trails. 2. Tackle the tiger.

This situation is called fight or flee situation. Adrenaline triggers this response. When the fluid pumps through your brain, the reaction makes the following changes in your body. Your body sweats up as well, just one of the things adrenaline rush does:

Photo by Ketut Subiyanto

i) Makes or triggers the blood vessel’s contraction and sort of makes it so that the blood vessels redirect themselves towards the muscle region.

ii) The blood vessels also reorientation itself towards the lungs and heart

iii) Naturally, this results in an increased heart rate.

iv) What is the purpose of our heart? To circulate blood, right? So when adrenaline pump increases your heart rate, it will also double your blood flow.

v)When adrenaline is released, the body’s pain sensory receptors also get decreased.

vi) Makes it so that, your awareness level increases.

vii) Your pupils get dilated and you have a better sense of vision

viii) Improves your memory.

Photo by Wojtek Pacześ from Pexels

Adrenaline makes us survive through life threatening situations, where we are supposed to make rapid and immediate decision and even that decision should be utterly perfect.

The adrenaline rush uses sugar, kind of like a fuel to run the body with these functions. But keep in mind, this only happens till there is the effect of adrenaline in your body. Research says that the effect can stay upto about 1 hour

How does one experiences adrenalinal rush?

Your brain is classified into three parts. a) The thinking brain. b) The emotional brain. c)The action brain. Brain is a very interesting concept to study. Unfortunately though, for now we are only interested in the emotional brain .( aww, don’t worry, I’ll work up to let you know more about our brain in the future articles!) The emotional brain is known as amygdala. It is the only reason why you feel various emotions like guilt, happiness etc. ( Me: I hate you, amygdala for wrecking my thinking with all these complex emotions!!

Amygdala: Great! The feelings are mutual.

Me: Come here you little peice of- )

Anyways, the when you are in one of the strong emotions (with reference to the second paragraph of the article) ,the signals are sent to the amygdala, and amygdala transfers these signals to another part of the brain, called the hypothalamus ( commanding system or the action brain – communicates through the nervous system) signals the adrenal glands, making these glands release the hormones(adrenaline) into our blood flow. Many other changes occur in the body due to adrenaline.These ‘bodily changes’ make the movements of our body faster. According to a site, this process happens very fast.

How is Adrenaline used as a medication

Epinephrine or adrenalin is another term for adrenaline. Epinephrine is injected into your body. The supplement works similar to the natural process. It is contained in a liquid form. The liquid is initially, to be injected into the muscles. The injection is used for allergic reaction, slow heart rate. Epinephrine is strictly to be injected as per needs. Any more or any less is extremely dangerous. Do not use Epinephrine is you do not have proper knowledge about it (seriously, don’t). But if Epinephrine is dangerous, as a medication, is our (constant) natural adrenaline rush dangerous? No…..right?

Excessive adrenaline rush is not good for your health. Therefore we are always advised to not take a lot of load on our heads at once. This results in complex emotions, adrenaline rushes and the process occurs. Thankfully though, our body is very smart. As fast as the adrenaline is secreted, it is also naturally deaminated by our body. But really, hold on right there,go somewhere where you can get fresh air, and BREATHE! You’ve done a great work until now!

Fact- The detailed understanding of these hormones is really complex. Infact, it has its own branch of science- Endocrinology

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