JEL Classification Codes

 Subject Area of JEL codes

A:General Economics and Teaching 

B:Methodology and History of Economic Thought 

C:Mathematical and Quantitative Methods 

D:Microeconomics 

E:Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics 

F:International Economics 

G:Financial Economics 

H:Public Economics 

I:Health, Education and Welfare 

J:Labor and Demographic Economics 

K:Law and Economics 

L:Industrial Organization 

M:Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics 

N:Economic History 

O:Economic Development, Technological Change and Growth 

  • O00 – General
  • O1 – Economic Development
  • O10 – General
  • O11 – Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
  • O12 – Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
  • O13 – Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
  • O14 – Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
  • O15 – Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
  • O16 – Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
  • O17 – Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
  • O18 – Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
  • O19 – International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
  • O2 – Development Planning and Policy
  • O20 – General
  • O21 – Planning Models; Planning Policy
  • O22 – Project Analysis
  • O23 – Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
  • O24 – Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
  • O25 – Industrial Policy
  • O29 – Other
  • O3 – Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
  • O30 – General
  • O31 – Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
  • O32 – Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
  • O33 – Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
  • O34 – Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
  • O35 – Social Innovation
  • O38 – Government Policy
  • O39 – Other
  • O4 – Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
  • O40 – General
  • O41 – One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
  • O42 – Monetary Growth Models
  • O43 – Institutions and Growth
  • O44 – Environment and Growth
  • O47 – Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
  • O49 – Other
  • O5 – Economywide Country Studies
  • O50 – General
  • O51 – U.S.; Canada
  • O52 – Europe
  • O53 – Asia including Middle East
  • O54 – Latin America; Caribbean
  • O55 – Africa
  • O56 – Oceania
  • O57 – Comparative Studies of Countries

P:Economic Systems 

Q:Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics 

R:Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics 

Y:Miscellaneous Categories 

Z:Other Special Topics