Tag: #counterstain

Let’s counter terrorism together!

Counter-psychological warfare will be perhaps the most elevated need as a non-perpetual individual from the UN Security Council.

India will be back in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) for a two-year term starting January 1, 2021 at a crucial time throughout the entire existence of the UN. It is trusted that by then COVID-19 will have died down, a U. S. President will have been chosen, and the shapes of another world request may have developed. India is serving for the eighth time and has a record of adding to a portion of the original goals of the UNSC. As a result of the long discussion on the extension of the UNSC, numerous nations which have never served on the Council have started to guarantee their turn. Prior, India, Japan, Pakistan and some others used to get chose all the more oftentimes. Contrasted with the resigning individuals, the recently chosen individuals are all the more politically huge. India’s notoriety for taking adjusted positions and agreement building will be invited by different individuals.

About the challenge

The fundamental challenge for the non-changeless seats happens in the individual local gatherings and their sub-gatherings. Casting a ballot in the General Assembly is to satisfy the prerequisite of nations making sure about a 66% lion’s share of the part states. In the event that there is local support, all nations, aside from those with any complaint against the up-and-comers, vote in favor of them and they sail through without any problem. Yet, territorial underwriting is getting troublesome as nations engrave their names a long time ahead of time and those crouching nations must be convinced to clear the spot through different methods. Last time, it was Kazakhstan which emptied the spot for India; this time, it was Afghanistan. India couldn’t have the support without such motions from well disposed nations. It more likely than not taken some deft action by our central goal to achieve these accomplishments.

Casting a ballot in the General Assembly isn’t without its own fervor. The 66% larger part is guaranteed, however the opposition is to make sure about all the votes cast. In any case, nobody gets that as the voting form is mystery and enemies may cast a ballot against the applicants. For example, out of the 192 votes cast, India got 184 and nobody will ever know the eight nations that didn’t decide in favor of India. In any case, it involves worry that there are such a large number of nations with complaints against India. In the request for the quantity of votes got by every one, the nations chose were Mexico, India, Norway, Ireland and Kenya. Since there was no support in the African Group, Kenya needed to go for a second round against Djibouti. Kenya was the most loved of the West and Djibouti was bolstered by China and the Islamic states. In the Western European and Others Group, Canada lost to Ireland in a quarrelsome challenge.

One exceptional component this year was the COVID-19 impact. Ministers were permitted to enter the General Assembly Hall individually to cast their voting forms rather than the synchronous democratic that normally happens. The crusade was likewise offbeat — it occurred through Zoom discussions and the sharing of leaflets and flyers as opposed to through gatherings at bars and eateries serving haute food around the UN. The competitors may likewise have set aside cash as this is typically an event for rampage spending .

In spite of the fact that India’s prosperity was guaranteed, the new Permanent Representative of India, T. S. Tirumurti, who has gained notoriety for multilateral aptitudes, created a noteworthy media introduction with recollections of India’s real job in the records of the UN. Requested his response to the triumph, he stated, “In the COVID and the post-COVID world, India will keep on giving authority and another direction for a changed multilateral framework. ” How far the UN will have the option to change itself in the new circumstance stays dubious. The normal changes after 9/11 never appeared in light of personal stakes and conventional positions. The UN didn’t prevail in either characterizing fear based oppression or in receiving the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism. Counter-psychological oppression will be probably the most noteworthy need for India at the UNSC.

Lasting enrollment

India’s political decision as a non-perpetual part has justifiably lighted the expectation that its journey for lasting enrollment of the Council may succeed. Nothing is farther from reality. Working inside the arrangements of the Charter is a certain something and trying to correct the Charter to include new lasting individuals is very another. The discussion has hurled numerous thoughts, however till today, none of the proposition has the chance of making sure about 66% lion’s share of the General Assembly and the votes of the five perpetual individuals. It is genuinely sure that no development of the changeless individuals will occur under the current arrangements of the Charter. We may censure the changeless individuals for being resolved about ensuring their special positions, however the truth of the matter is that a lion’s share of the UN individuals are against the benefits of the perpetual individuals, especially the veto. India’s presentation in the Council may gain it regard, however it won’t prompt its rise to lasting enrollment as the restriction to any development isn’t India-explicit.

India will have a more prominent at the UN for the following two years as the non-perpetual individuals have an aggregate veto over each goals in the Council. Lasting individuals can forestall selection of goals without anyone else, however they need at any rate nine votes to get a goals passed. India will likewise have an uncommon peep into the interviews office of the UNSC, which is shut to non-individuals from the Council. It is there that hard exchanges happen with no open record, portrayed by arm-bending and dangers of veto. The weight of work of the mission will likewise increment since India will engage in numerous issues wherein it might not have any immediate intrigue. Since India doesn’t have a veto, it will need to continue circumspectly not to outrage anybody, in case they ought to conflict with it when a matter of fundamental enthusiasm for the nation comes up in the Council.

India’s crucial New York has earned a notoriety that it is next just to the lasting individuals in impact. Be that as it may, regardless of whether it will have the option to manage conventional difficulties in novel manners will rely upon the turns and winds in an unsure world.

GRAM STAINING

Bacteria can be classified into two different categories i.e. gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. To differentiate the type of bacteria present in any collected sample there is a technique known as GRAM STAINING OR GRAM STAIN. It is sometimes also known as gram’s method. This technique is a different step process which can easily distinguish and classify between different types of bacteria. This was named after the great scientist Hans Christian Gram.
Gram Staining method differentiates bacteria on the basis of their physical and chemical structure of cell wall. They are stained with different reagents and are observed in different colors when seen under the microscope. It is due to the fact that gram positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan which allows it to retain the primary stain which is crystal violet and thus they appear purple whereas on the other hand, gram-positive bacteria have thin peptidoglycan cell wall and thus only retain the secondary or counter stain which is Safranin and thus they appear slightly pinkish when observed under microscope. Gram staining is the basic technique which is widely used in the microbiology labs to distinguish between both the types of bacteria. It provides a great help to microbiologists to perform their clinical tasks. If any infection is suspected in the patient then after the collection of sample, the gram staining is done and the type of bacteria is observed.
Gram staining is completed in the various steps –

  1. Fixation of clinical materials i.e. the sample collected are being fixed on the glass slide by first making a smear using water and then that smear is either heat fixed or methanol fixed. It is a first and a very important step. Methanol fixation was later discovered keeping in mind its advantage of not destroying the morphology of host cell, as well as bacteria present in that. It is majorly used for the testing of blood samples collected from patients.
  2. Application of primary stain i.e. crystal violet. Primary stain means the first stain which is applied onto the fixed smear which stains all the calls purple or blue.
  3. To distinguish the slide is then washed off in a gentle and indirect stream of water for 2 seconds which removes the extra stain that is not absorbed by the cells.
  4. The next step involves the application of a mordant i.e. Iodine solution. This forms a complex with crystal violet due to which all the cells start appearing blue.
  5. Again the slide is washed for 2 seconds to remove extra stain.
  6. Addition of a decolorizing agent is the next step which will ultimately remove the excess stain which bacteria has not absorbed. The decolorizer contains the combination of acetone and alcohol. In this step, the gram positive bacteria continue appearing violet or blue in color whereas gram negative bacteria start appearing colorless.
  7. Application of counter stain or secondary stain i.e. safranin is the next step. It should let remain on the slide for 30 second to 1 minute. This will stain all the colorless gram negative bacteria pink and gram positive bacteria remains blue in color.
  8. Again the slide is washed off in a gentle stream of water.
  9. The prepared stained slide is then observed under a microscope using immersion oil (for observing under 100x).