Tag: Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals, and some machines; there is also evidence for some kind of learning in certain plants.

Dinnerware Patterns

Planning on throwing a big dinner party? Or just having some guests over for the night? Either way, we know what you are looking for. Are you looking for something innovative to do to impress your friends? We got you.

A big party means you need to take out your stock of dinner sets you have hidden in that cabinet. Yes, you read it right. Go on, take them out and think about how to decorate the dining table for the night. Maybe we can help you there. We will show you how to mix and match dinnerware for your party. But what else are you thinking? Flowers? Accessories for the table? Fancy table mats? Or candles maybe? That is nice but what about your precious dinnerware waiting to be showcased. Come on, let’s see what you need to do.

Why Mix and Match?

If you want to throw a big party., you will need a good amount of the same dinner sets. About 20 to 30 plates of the same design with the spoons and bowls too will be needed. No one is that stupid to buy these many dishes of the same design. So what you want is to mix and match your dinner sets to make your table look presentable and great.

How to Mix and Match Dinnerware?

It depends on how you want your table to look. Do you want a bright cheery mood? Or do you prefer a more classic look? Whatever you want, we are here to help you.

Either you decide to order takeout or cook your best dish, it’s always nice to make your table presentable. It sets the right mood for the dinner party. Let us find out how you can make the table a feast for your eyes.

  • Start with deciding a color scheme – The most important thing to keep in mind while setting the table is to devise a color scheme. The base color for the dinner sets. We recommend it to be a plain color. You can take it as bright red large plates with plain white side plates and add some golden metal spoons and forks. Or you can go with a dull color like brown or maybe royal blue with a contrast of silver would be nice.
  • Consider the mood of the gathering – You want to set the mood right for the party. Decide whether you want a formal gathering or a fun friends’ night out. For a formal dinner, you might want to seem classy then put some flowers and candles on the table.
  • Include different items – Your table will look good if it has some different fun items. They may be stemmed glasses for drinks or big fancy soup bowls. Adding napkins going with the color scheme might be a good addition. Set different sizes of spoons for starters and meals.
  • Metals shine bright – Metals make a good addition to the table. They add a bit of sparkle to the setting. There are no restrictions if you want to add some silver, gold, or bronze spoons and forks. They add to the charm of your dining table.
  • Add shapes and textures – Setting your table with different shapes of dishes would be nice and fun. Add two different shapes of glasses for drinks and water. Be bold and imaginative when adding patterns to the set. If a color doesn’t suit your mood then maybe go for more textured plates and dishes. Consider a floral pattern of plates with plain side plates which go with golden spoons.
  • A sense of nature – Bring in some natural materials and add one bright color like blue with classic white plates. Spice it up by giving it a traditional and classy look. Add some flowers too in the vase.
  • Consistency is the key – You need to be consistent. Whatever you selected at the starting, keep it up till the end. Whatever color or pattern you want make it consistent for every seat. Whether it is the color scheme, the flowers, table mats, or the water glasses, try to keep all the items consistent throughout the table. Even if your table is mismatched but is consistent, it will definitely look perfect.
  • Crisp and colorful – You want it to be a cheerful picnic dinner then you can go with solid colors lining your table. Mix it with a contrasting color to make it look colorful and complete. Maybe add some small pattern with the side plates or the glasses.

Some Other Things to Keep in Mind

There are some other different things to keep in mind while setting your table for the big night. We told you all about what to do, now let’s come to what not to do. Some tips for you not to do are mentioned below:

  1. Do not exaggerate the number of items on the table. Keep them less but enough for using easily.
  2. Do not go too bold with the color scheme. You don’t want a simple dinner party to look like a royal dinner, do you?
  3. Try to add patterns but not many. Stick to only one or two patterns.
  4. You can set each seat with different settings but try to keep the color scheme the same throughout the table to ensure consistency.
  5. If you plan on keeping flowers and candles on the table, keep them at a distance from each other. Keep only two vases and three candles for a small table. For a much longer table, keep four vases with five or six candles only.
  6. Keep your focus on decorating the table with your dinnerware and not just the other accessories. Bear in mind to keep the dinner sets the main attraction of the table.

Go ahead enjoy your party now. We told you everything you need to know to host an amazing dinner. Hope you got your answer on how to mix and match dinnerware. Set your table with your creativity and sense of design and woo your guests with beauty on the table. Don’t forget to invite us!

Do You Know This Indian Professional 'GOLFER'?

Ashok Kumar.

Rags- to- Riches story of Ashok kumar, who is a Professional Golfer of India.

Ashok Kumar, one of the country’s leading golfers who rose from the ranks of a caddie, remembers his very humble beginnings very distinctly. “The reason I am here in this swanky restaurant of the Oberoi, sipping coffee with you is because of golf. It has brought me name, fame and money and all that I could possibly ask for in life. Without golf, I am a zero ,” said the 27-year-old golfer with rare candour in a chat with Kalyan Ashok, a sports journalist working with Sportstar, one of India’s leading sports weeklies.

India’s No.3 golfer may not exactly be rolling in luxury at the moment, but he definitely leads a comfortable life-a far cry from the days when he used to sleep in a stable. “It’s destiny that brought me to this stage in life and I can’t sav that I deserve it, but it’s God’s gift to me through golf, sald Ashok. Not the one to forget his past, Ashok Kumar keeps reminding himself how he came up in life.

His story is stranger than fiction. Ashok was born into a poor family in Bihar that struggled to make both ends meet. (He has four brothers and two sisters.) In 1988, his parents sent him away with his elder brother to Delhi and he worked as an errand boy at the Jaipur Polo Club.

“I used to work in the day assisting my brother and sleep in the stable at night. The club also had the Air Force golf course and I wandered on to it one day and watched the players and caddies. I thought of becoming a caddie, but I was too young then. I did not get the job, but the club hired me a few years later,” recalls Ashok. It was then that he took to golf. He started practising in the club when no one was around. However, he was caught playing one day and was suspended from his job, as caddies were not allowed to practise golf.

“I was back to square one. Then I went away to help a lorry owner who was transporting sand. I remember the days when I had to pay five rupees to hire a blanket during winter and sleep in Connaught Place,” Ashok said wistfully.

Six months later, when things cooled down, he moved back to the Air Force golt course and became a caddie to Amit Luthra, who was India’s top golfer and an Asian Games gold medallist. “Luthra saab spoke to the club authorities and got me in,” Ashok said with gratitude writ large on his face.

Ashok learnt a lot from Luthra and one day he challenged his mentor to a play-of “I don’t know what got into my head and I told him that I will beat him, to which Luthraji said that if I did that he would waive a month’s caddie fee. We played on the road, but I lost,” Ashok smiled.

Luthra, however, was very impressed with the young man’s talent and got him enrolled at the Delhi Golf Club, which allowed caddies to play. Seizing this opportunity with both hands, Ashok went on to improve his game by leaps and bounds and in 1995, DGC selected him to play in the All India Junior tournament in Kolkata.

Image Source – google.

“I didn’t know where Kolkata was. I thought it was outside the country! I travelled in an unreserved compartment, spending most of the time sitting in the bathroom or just outside as there was no place elsewhere.” In Kolkata, he finished third and in the next two years he became the Junior Champion of the country. In 2000, he moved to the amateur ranks and two years later he became a pro, finishing his first season as India’s No.5 golf player. Riding a wave of success, Ashok held the No.1 spot in 2006 and 2008 and currently (2010) he is ranked No.3.

The moment he cherishes the most as a player is not the time when he won his first major title but when he finished 18th in the Hero Honda-DLF Tournament in 2002. It fetched him a cheque of Rs. 1 lakh. “I never looked back after that,”Ashok remarked.

In the early part of 2010, Ashok’s golfing career got a boost when the Bangalore- based business and software company, Kaseya India, run by golf enthusiast, Mr. Girish Krishnamurthy, decided to sponsor him. “I am a simple guy and with Kaseya around to take care of other things, I can concentrate better on my game now,” Ashok says with determination as well as gratitude. It is his ardent wish that all golf links in the country should support caddies, as he feels that many of them have a lot of inherent talent simply waiting to be tapped.

Ashok has modelled his game on his golfing idol, Tiger Woods. Incidentally, he had met Tiger when he was a caddie to Arjun Atwal in Bangkok a decade ago. “He hugged me when he was introduced by Atwal as a top amateur from India. I asked him for his advice, to which the legendary golfer simply said-‘don’t think of beating others, they should think of beating you,” Ashok’s eyes sparkled when he recalled his meeting with Tiger.

He faithfully follows that advice from the maestro and hopes to play with him one day. “For the moment, I eat, drink and sleep golf. There’s no distraction in my life. I relax with some music and watch CDs of Tiger Woods,” Ashok concluded.

CIVIC SENSE

However, humans are born with 6 sense but none are born with civic sense. Callousness and irresponsibility seem to be the order of the day. Its high time that we inculcate strong civic sense in your young generation.

CIVIC simply means social ethics. It reflects personality and responsibility of an individual and shows who the real person is. It is consideration by the people for the unspoken norms of society. Its not only about keeping roads or streets clean. Its more than that. It is abiding with the laws, respecting fellow human being and also maintaining a sort of decorum in the public.

But unfortunately, these days we lack basic civic sense. Modern lifestyle has given birth to different and uncivilized individuals who lack the basic moral behavior. The society is no longer etched with the goodness of people instead people are driven with their own selfishness and individual needs.

WHY CIVIC SENSE IS IMPORTANT?

If basic civic sense is absent in the society it leads to a lot of problems and to avoid these problems civic sense is necessary. It is important because people with high civic sense does not resort to unethical tactics and shortcuts. Civic sense leads to a more cleaner and fresh environment and also results in a high hygienic society. Civic sense leads you to be more social, mature and unbiased when it comes to situations in public.

LACK OF CIVIC SENSE LEADS TO?

Why is there a sense of detachment from the society? Why a person is always self centered? What are the factors that causes Separatism, vandalism, intolerance and racism? Why are people less tolerant now a days? The answer to all these questions are simple and its due to LACK OF CIVIC SENSE.

INCULCATE CIVIC SENSE:

Its high time that we inculcate civic sense. We can do so by inculcating young minds about the importance of civil sense at a very young age. Civic education should be made mandatory in school. One can also spread awareness about civic sense through rallies, educational programs, medias etc. Strict laws must be enforced. Penalties and stricter punishment’s should be considered if violated.

All these adds up to the society. If all these are followed properly and if people get to know the importance of civic sense then society will be a better place to live.

Ways To Boost Your Creativity

Some people appear to be born with a natural talent for creativity. If you believe you are not one of the fortunate few who drew from an apparently limitless creative wellspring, this does not imply you are destined to a life of the ordinary and expected.

Creativity is not a lightning bolt that hits infrequently and cannot be predicted; rather, it is more like a muscle. To enhance your talents, you must continually practise, engage, and improve on your creativity. 

Something to keep in mind is that creation is not a silent process. Sitting back and waiting for creativity to come to you is a sure way to lose enthusiasm and become disheartened. Alternatively, concentrate on finding methods to improve your own creativity. Look for activities that excite you and assist you in focusing your attention and brain power on the work at hand.

Irrespective of your life goals, creativity is a valuable ability to have. While starting  new hobbies such as learning to play an instrument, and particularly if you are interested in a job that requires creative thinking, creative thinking can come in useful.

Here are some ways to boost your creativity:

Continue to keep learning

A creative mind is an inquisitive mind, therefore continue to master new skills and indulge your inquisitive nature to learn more about the world and everything around it. After you’ve honed your creative abilities, it’s critical to constantly push yourself and learn new things to motivate you and help you improve. Whether you just make an attempt to read more in your own time or research into taking more formal classes, continuous learning is essential for increasing your creativity.

Take a breather

While creativity is a talent that you can teach yourself to be better at it is also vital not to put a lot of strain on yourself. Take a break if you’ve been sitting at your desk for hours, frantically seeking new ideas and answers and coming up empty-handed. Have a change of pace, clear your thoughts, and clear your head off the work at hand: when you return to it with newer perspectives, you could discover the inspiration you’ve been looking for sitting there in front of you all along!

Discover the settings that allow you to be most creative

Certain people are morning people and find that they are most creative and productive in the early hours of the morning, before most people have even gotten out of bed.  Many thrive on the solitude of the night, whilst some may feel that the normal 9 – 5 is ideal for creative thought. The trick is to figure out what work settings fit the best for you – not just the hours you work, but also factors like location, lighting, music, and the tools/equipment you use.

Do something you enjoy doing

When you genuinely enjoy your profession, you will automatically be more motivated and passionate about solving problems and new ideas. It will be quite difficult to approach work that you continually putting off with a positive, creative mindset. Find an activity that allows you to be creative that you like, such as playing an instrument, drawing, or participating in a sport that totally immerses you in the moment.

Get some physical exercise

Exercising can be a fantastic method to cleanse your thoughts when you’ve been feeling stressed or under strain. Several researchers have demonstrated that exercise (even as little as 30 minutes of aerobic activity) helps us become more creative and improves brain function. Therefore, the next time you’re stuck in a creativity slump, throw on your running shoes, get your heart rate going up, and see if you can get your creative juices flowing more easily.

QUASAI- CONTRACT

Introduction:- There are many situations in which law, as well as justice, require that a person be required to conform to an obligation, although he has neither broken any contract nor committed any tort. Chapter V of the Indian Contract Act deals with the situations under the heading “Of certain relations resembling those created by Contract”. The chapter avoids the word “Quasi-contract” and given the clear statutory authorization, the courts in India are not hindered in allowing relief under the different sections of the Act by the theoretical considerations concerning quasi-contracts.

Conditions of quasi- contract:-

(1) A legal agreement created by the courts between two parties who did not a previous obligation to each other.

(2) A normal contract requires two parties to consent to mutually agreeable terms under a quasi-contract neither party is originally intended to create an agreement. Instead, an agreement is imposed by a judge to rectify an occurrence of unjust enrichment.

(3) Courts create quasi-contracts to protect the unjust enrichment of the parties in dispute over payments of goods and services.

Salient Features of quasi-contractual rights:-

(a) Firstly, it does not arise from any agreement of the parties concerned but is imposed by the law, and

(b) Secondly, it is a right that is available not against the entire world but a particular person or persons only.

Kinds of quasi-contractual Obligations:- Section 68 to 72 provide for 5 kinds of quasi-contractual obligations are as follows:

(1) Supply of necessaries

S.68. Claim for necessaries supplied to a person incapable of contracting, or on his account.

Persons incapable of contracting includes:

• a minor

• person of unsound mind

• person disqualified by law to which they are subjected

Illustration:- A supplies B, a lunatic, with necessaries suitable to his condition in life. A is entitled to be reimbursed from B‘s property.

(2) Payment by interested person

S.69. Reimbursement of person paying money due to another, in payment of which he is interested.

Essential requirements of section 69:

• payer must be interested in making payment

• but should not be bound to pay

• defendant should be under legal compulsion to pay

• payment should be by one to another

(3) Liability to pay for non-gratuitous acts

S.70. Obligation of person enjoying the benefit of non-gratuitous act.

Essentials:

• a person should lawfully do something for another person or deliver something to him;

• in doing the said thing or delivered the said thing he must not intend to act gratuitously;

• the other person for whom something is done or to whom something is delivered must enjoy the benefit thereof.

(4) Finder of goods

S.71. Responsibility of finder of goods.

• Entitled to retain the goods until he receives the lawful charges or consequences for retaining the goods and taking care of them.

• However, he cannot sue for such compensation unless a specified reward has been advertised by the owner.

• Entitled to possess the goods until the true owner was found.

(5) Mistake or coercion

S.72. Liability of person to whom money is paid, or thing delivered by mistake or under coercion- A person to whom money has been paid, or anything delivered, by mistake or under coercion, must repay or return it.

Illustration: A and B jointly owe 100 rupees to C. A alone pays the amount to C, and B, not knowing this fact, pats 100 rupees over again to C. C is bound to repay the amount to B.

European Debt Crisis

European debt crisis is a debt crisis that has affected European Union (EU). Many European zone members could not repay government debt that had severe impact on their economies. These states could not prevent macroeconomic imbalances that caused exceeding debt crisis.

Since, European zone stopped foreign investment in the countries, it was difficult for the member states economies to survive due to excessive dependent on foreign countries. Debt-to-equity ratio had also increased which caused intensive borrowing and spending. France and Germany were involved spent more than the limit.

Member states of the Eurozone adopted similar monetary policies and currencies. However, the fiscal policies of each country were different, which encouraged country like Greece to borrow and spend more.

International trade imbalances led to economic problems. The Great Recession of 2008-2012 worsened the fiscal policies that were adopted to control government expenses. Private debt burdened the existing debt. European Central Bank chose that interest rates in Germany were high, whereas interest rate was lower in Southern eurozone. Germany would lend to Southern states. This gave rise to wages and prices and exports had become less competitive. They had to boost their spending capacity to protect people who were unemployed and needed support. They borrowed more and spent more than what they borrowed.

European governance did not structure the policies that were initiated to control growing debts. Fiscal policies were not implemented properly by the government. In Greece, the governments could not handle the situation due to lack of support from the citizens.

Due to rising unemployment, consumers had to reduce their spending. Unemployment increased because of austerity measures like budget cuts, lower spending. These measures did not work in the favor of protecting the nation from expanding debts.

Foreign investments reduced with ascending debts. Investing in a country that is stuck with a pile of debt was not profitable. Lower investments did not encourage job opportunities and growth of the economy
High unemployment, lower wages, shutting down of businesses was the result of the debt crisis. Lack of permanent jobs encouraged people to move to other countries. Adopted policies had reverse effect on the economies. Higher exports and lower imports created even higher debts.

Greece has the highest debts compared to other states. Greek debt crisis originated from heavy spending and borrowing that escalated its overall debt. Improper structure of taxation caused loss of taxes. The debt piled up and Greece was not in a position to pay back all its debt.

This crisis arrived in late 2009 because of Greek governments disclosure that it has higher budget deficits. Greece was helped by European countries by support them with measures to control the deficits like European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF). Greece has repaid 41.6 billion euros as of 2019.

European Debt crisis had profound impact on countries despite stringent measures were taken to stabilize economies. While European nations were gradually recovering from this crisis, coronavirus has concerned these nations again. Effect of Covid-19 is affecting economies and imperative measures are being taken to prevent forthcoming crisis.

FACTS ABOUT DEAREST DOGS

  1. Their sense of smell is at least 40x better than ours.
  2. Some have such good noses they can sniff out medical problems.
  3. All puppies are born deaf – they are not fully developed at birth.
  4. Dogs have twice as many ear muscles as people and their sense of hearing is more than 10 times more accurate than that of a person.
  5. Dogs mostly sweat only from their footpads and nose.
  6. The world’s oldest dog died at age 29.
  7. Petting dogs can actually reduce your blood pressure.
  8. It is a myth that dogs are color blind. They can actually see in color, just not as vividly as humans. It is similar to our vision at dusk.
  9. A one year old dog is as mature, physically, as a 15-year old human.
  10. Dogs have no sense of “time”.
  11. Every dog on earth likely descended from a species known as the Tomarctus – a creature that roamed the earth over 15 million years ago.
  12. The oldest known dog breed is most likely the Saluki – originally trained by Egyptians to help them track game.
  13. Dogs are pack animals — they don’t enjoy being alone.
  14. Dogs are direct descendants of wolves.
  15. Dogs can see best at dawn and dusk.

Ever Heard The Term 'Foodaholic'?

‘Whooping Walter Hudson’.

You probably know the meanings of the words’ workaholic’ and ‘alcoholic’.

What do you think a ‘foodaholic’ is? Walter Hudson was one.

How much do you weigh? Walter Hudson weighed more, much more. This is his obituary.

WALTER HUDSON, who has died at Hempstead, New York, age 46, was once listed in The Guinness Book of World Records as the heaviest man on earth. About 183 cm tall and 274 around, with cherubic features set off by pigtails braided in the Cherokee style, he long devoted himself to the pleasures of the table. Four years ago, Hudson-then tipping the industrial scales at his top weight of 543 kg gained worldwide notoriety (as “Whopping Walter”) when he became stuck in his bedroom door. He was wedged there for some four hours. It took eight firemen to free him.

Walter Hudson was born at Brooklyn in 1945 and, as he recalled, “began gorging at the age of six.” At 15 he was so obese his legs collapsed underneath him and he was confined to bed. Indeed, except for the time when his family moved to Hempstead in 1970 and he was transported by motor-car (his then 266kg broke the seat,) he remained inside. “I’m just a foodaholic,” he once confessed, “I have no excuse.”

Hudson’s eating habits were fuelled by food brought in by members of his family. He would generally start his day with a breakfast of two pounds of bacon, 32 sausages, a dozen eggs, a loaf of bread, jam and coffee.

For lunch, Hudson favoured four enormous bowls of rice, four double cheese- burgers, eight boxes of fried potatoes, six pies, and six large bottles of coca-cola. For dinner he would eat six roasted corns, half-a-dozen yams, and another six or seven baked potatoes, ending with a whole apple pie. Between these main meals, he would eat a chicken or two, followed by noodles, string beans, six large bottles of soda, not to mention colossal sandwiches, and copious amounts of ice-cream.

“All I cared about,” he recalled, “was food, FOOD!” When not eating and sleeping he would watch television, listen to tapes and read the Bible-he had a particular penchant for the psalms and was apt to recite Psalm 121. “I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills…”

Hudson, though, was advised against sitting up for longer than five minutes because of the risk of being smothered by flab. The only exercise he engaged in 8. was when he attended to his ablutions; it took him an hour to negotiate the six yards to the bathroom from his bedroom. Then in 1987, he found himself wedged in the door-way. “The day I got stuck in that door,” he recalled, “that when the Lord got me the help I needed.” The help to which he referred was offered by Dick Gregory, a comedian who masterminded the Slim Safe Diet Scheme.

“We think what might have happened,” said Gregory about his new client, “is that in 27 years of lying around he might, because of the reading of his Bible, have taken on the same characteristics as Buddhist monks – slowed down the biological processes. But we don’t know.” Gregory placed Hudson on a1,200 calorie-a-day diet of raw fruit and orange juice. For exercise he was advised to lie in bed waving his arms about like a conductor.

Hudson soon lost some four inches off his knees, and within three months had shed 178 kg. It began to look as if he might fulfil such ambitions as visiting his mother’s grave, riding on the New York subway, driving into the country-and even flying to a clinic in the Bahamas, from which he envisaged emerging as a sylph of 13 stones. 12. But it was not to be. At the time of his death, of an apparent heart attack, Hudson reportedly weighed 508 kg. Rescue workers had to cut a large hole in the wall of his bedroom to remove the body. He was unmarried.

SO HOW CAN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY BE REDUCED? It is not good for human body in this pandemic era……………….

Overweight and obesity, as well as their related noncommunicable diseases, are largely preventable. Supportive environments and communities are fundamental in shaping people’s choices, by making the choice of healthier foods and regular physical activity the easiest choice (the choice that is the most accessible, available and affordable), and therefore preventing overweight and obesity.At the individual level, people can:limit energy intake from total fats and sugars;increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, as well as legumes, whole grains and nuts; andengage in regular physical activity (60 minutes a day for children and 150 minutes spread through the week for adults).

WHAT IS A NOVEL

The novel owes its existence to man’s interest in other men and the great panorama of human passion and action. Both the drama and the novel are compounded of the same material but in drama and the literary element is bound up with the elements of stage settings and interpretations through acting. So, Marion Crawford terms the novel as “Pocket theatre”. The novel may be defined as long narrative prose detailing the actions of fictitious people. Meredith calls it a ‘summing of actual life’. The novel combines narration and description, history and philosophy, poetry and fantasy, social criticism, and a particular view of life.

Elements of the Novel:

The novel has various elements.

  1. In the first place, it should have a plot. The novel deals with elements and actions and how these are presented is the plot.
  2. Secondly, the men and women who are involved in these elements and actions appear as characters in the novel.
  3. The third element is the dialogue the mean of interaction among the characters.
  4. The fourth element is the scene and the time of action because the characters must interact, do or suffer at some place or time.
  5. The fifth element is the style in which the narration is done.
  6. The Sixth Element is the view of life presented by the novelist.

The Plot:

The plot in a novel is the organization of incidents. The theme should have substantial value and human interest. It is primarily concerned with the things which make life strenuous, intense, and morally significant.

There are two types of plots – organic and episodic. In the first, the characters and events are well interwoven that no character or incident can be removed from the novel without causing damages to the whole. The plot and Jane Austen novels are examples. The second type of plot is loosely formed and characters and incidents have no essential bearing on each other. The picaresque novels of Fielding and even some of the novels of Dickens have episodic plots. How the various elements in the plot or organized to achieve a definite artistic purpose is called the structure. Unity in structure and plot is to be observed.

The Characterization:

Characterization is the act of presenting the characters alive and real to our imagination. The men and women in the novel must move through it like living beings they should remain in the readers’ memory after the novel is laid aside. There are two types of characterization – the direct or the analytic and the indirect or dramatic. In the analytical method, the novelist portrays his Characters from outside, dissects their passion, thoughts, and feelings, and even passes judgment upon them.

The Dialogue:

Dialogue is well managed, gives vividness, and actually to the plot and the characters. Dialogue reveals the passion and the emotion of the character and advises the movement of the plot. Dialogue should Constitute an organic element in the story. It should be natural, appropriate, and dramatic. It should be in keeping with the personality of the speaker.

The Time and Place of Action:

Time and place of action in a novel refer to the whole setting of the story, both social and material. They are novels of sea life, military life, industrial life of district life, and life of different classes of people. There are novels with a regional background; there are novels written in the historical background. whatever may be the setting, the novelist should master its details and then present a lively picture of it.

The novel is concerned with life and so the novelist’s view of life may be revealed in the novel. A novelist may make creative observations on human life. By the selection and organization of the material, and by the presentation of character and development of the plot, the novelist can show us what he thinks of life. However, the novelist should not indulge in propaganda or preaching. His philosophy is a part of the structure of the novel and should reveal itself through the interpretation of life, thought, character, and temper of the work as a whole.

The chief characteristics of Shakespearean novels

Must read two books by Paulo Coelho-2

Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution: Articles 244(2)

• Tribal Areas:- The tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Manipur are separately dealt with in Article 244(2), and provisions for their administration are to be found in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

• Sixth Schedule:- The 6th Schedule is related to the administration of the Tribal Areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Manipur are specified in the table appended to the 6th Schedule( paragraph 20) of the Constitution, which has undergone several amendments originally. It consisted of two parts A and B. But since the creation of the State Nagaland, the table (as amended in 1972, 1984, 1988, 2003) includes 10 areas in four parts. These special provisions are provided under Article 244(2) and Article 275(1) of the Constitution.

Part I – (1) The North Cachar Hills District. (2) Karbi Anglong District. (3) Bodoland Territory Areas District.

Part II (I) – (1) Khasi Hills District. (2) Jaintia Hills District. (3) Garo Hills Districts (in Meghalaya)

Part II (A)- Tripura Tribal Areas District.

Part III – (1) The Chakma District. (2) The Mara District. (3) The Lai District

• Administration under Sixth Schedule:-

(1) Executive and Legislative powers- Under the provisions of the 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India, Autonomous District Councils can make laws, rules, and regulations in the areas like land management, water resources, forest management, agricultural, cultivation, formation of village councils, public health, sanitation, village, and town level planning, the appointment of traditional chiefs and headman, inheritance of property, marriage, and divorce, social customs, money-lending, mining and minerals.

• Judicial powers:- Autonomous District Councils have the powers to form courts to hear cases where both the parties are members of Scheduled Tribes and the maximum sentence, is less than 5years in prison. It has the power to settle certain types of civil and criminal cases also. Thus the councils under the 6th Schedule have been given more power than the local government under the 73rd and 74th Amendments of the Constitution 1992.

• Role of the Governor:- The Governor is empowered to determine areas under the administration of the councils. He has the authority to form a new Autonomous District. He can also increase or decrease the areas of any autonomous district, or district council. The act of Parliament or the State Legislature so not apply to Autonomous Districts and Autonomous Regions or apply by specified modifications and exceptions. He is also empowered to unite two or more districts or its part to carve out one autonomous district from it. The Governor can also define the boundaries or alter the name of any autonomous district.

• District Councils and Regional Councils:- Each District Council and Regional Council consists of not more than 30 members of which 4 are nominated by the Governor and the rest via elections. All of them remain in the power for a term of 5years. District Council and Regional Council under the 6th Schedule have the real power for making laws on various legislative subjects.

• Taxation Revenue:-

(1) The Regional Council and Autonomous District Councils have the powers to assess and collect revenue concerning such lands by the principles for the time being followed by the government of the State.

(2) They also have the power to levy/collect all taxes on lands, buildings, and tolls on a person resident within the area.

(3) It also has the power to levy/ collect all or any of the following taxes:

(i) Profession, trades, callings, employments.

(ii) Animals, vehicles, boats

(iii) Entry of goods into a market, and tolls on passengers, goods carried in ferries.

(iv) Maintenance of schools, dispensaries, or roads.

Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution: Scheduled Areas Articles-244(1)

• Scheduled Areas:- The Fifth Schedule Article-244(1), being a very important provision of the Constitution deals with the control and administration of the Scheduled Areas. The Constitution makes special provisions for the administration of certain areas called Scheduled Areas in the states other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Manipur despite such areas are situated within a State or Union Territory A- 244(1), probably because of the backwardness of the people of these areas.

• Criterion:-

The criteria for declaring any areas as Scheduled Areas under the Fifth Schedule are as follows :

(1) Preponderance of Tribal population in such area.

(2) Compactness and reasonable size of the area.

(3) Viable administration entity such as a district, block, or Taluk, etc.

(4) Economic backwardness of the area as compared to the neighboring areas.

• Features of the 5th Schedule-

(1) Declaration of Scheduled Areas- The Constitution empowers the President to declare any areas as Scheduled Areas. He can increase or decrease or even alter the boundaries of a Scheduled Area. He can also cancel such designation after consultation with the Governor of the concerned State or can make fresh orders to redefine any Scheduled Area.

(2) Executive powers of State and Union- Subject to the provisions of this schedule the executive powers of State extend to the Scheduled Areas therein. The executive powers of the Union are limited to giving directions to the State for the administration of such areas.

(3) Tribal Advisory Council- Any state having a Scheduled Area needs to establish a Tribal Advisory Council consisting of not more than 20 members of whom about 3/4 members should be the representative of the Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assembly of the State.

(4) Law Applicable to Scheduled Areas– The Governor is empowered to direct that any particular Act of Parliament or the Legislature of the State, does not apply directly to a Scheduled Area and is subject to such exceptions and modifications as he may specify in the notification:

(a) Prohibit the transfer of land by or among members of the Scheduled Tribe in such areas;

(b) Regulate the allotments of land to the members of the Scheduled Tribes in such areas;

(c) Regulate the carrying out of businesses as money lenders by persons who lend money to members of the Scheduled Tribes in such areas.

• States Under Fifth Schedule:-

The Fifth Schedule designates Tribal majority areas in the ten Tribal minority States within peninsular India including:

(1) Andhra Pradesh

(2) Himachal Pradesh

(3) Madhya Pradesh

(4) Odisha

(5) Rajasthan

(6) Jharkhand

(7) Gujarat

(8) Chhattisgarh

(9) Telangana

(10) Maharashtra

• Some Important points:-

(1) Tribal Advisory Council(TAC) in Scheduled Areas do not perform administrative actions directly and do not have much autonomy.

(2) Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas is applicable here.

(3) PRIs in non-6th Scheduled Areas are liberally funded so direct funding of the Council is done under Article 280 of the Constitution.

(4) The Council in the 5th Schedule is the creation of the State Legislature.

(5) 5th Schedule Areas have an implementation of various schemes like MGNAREGA ( Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) 2005.

#Thepurestbond : "A father-daughter bond"

Everyone has different relationship with their parents , but the most purest bond that one will find is of a father- daughter . Each one of have witnessed it , dads taking care of their little girls , making their hairs , paint their nails , trying new makeup hacks on their daddy , doing their dad’s makeup , etc. Their is something so sweet & beautiful to watch both of them interact . A father protects her daughter from every things which is bad for her , he tends to make her girl the prettiest & the most perfectionist in the world . It is important for girls to have good relationship with their father , as it impacts their personality , their success , their behavior.

FATHER DAUGHTER BOND IS THE PURREST !

Women who have a good relationship with their fathers are lucky enough to look back at their fond memories when they grow up. Having a good relationship with her father not only shapes a girl’s childhood experience but also influences her behavior towards other men later in life. If a girl’s father is erratic or completely absent by nature, then it creates a feeling of low self-esteem in her, and she might have trouble trusting men in general.

A girl’s father act as a hero for her , this is because he is the first man she is introduced to , he is the first man who holds her , her perception about a man is developed the way her father treats her . This perception is important for a girls’ growth . A girl calls her dad her hero because , he gives a sense of security , he tends to protect her from every thing , dads tends as he would take here girl’s each & every problem .

The father’s connection and communication will help the daughter make the right decisions. A father should provide stability and moral guidance to his daughter because that is the time( teenage ) when she is surrounded and tempted by bad influences. Daughters learn more about relationships by observing their father’s actions and behavior. They judge men based on the standard their father sets. Happy marriages are connected to a warm parent-child relationship. If the parents have marital problems, the girl tends to be insecure, anxious, and aggressive.

Father’s presence not only directs girls in the early stage of life but also assure her that what ever the problem is her father is standing as an iceberg in front of her & will protect her from every problem .

"SHOULD OTT BE REGULATED ?"

Regulation of OTTS is a matter of great concern for government.

OTT platforms have grown rapidly in India, especially during the coronavirus-induced lockdown period, when the closure of film theatres led several production houses to release their films directly on OTT platforms. And this allows them to conveniently bypass even the basic scrutiny of a film regulatory authority. Many also believe that OTT platforms often perpetuate sexual crimes and soft porn, amplify bloodshed and gore which can potentially inflame passions, especially in young minds. Unregulated content can be damaging especially for a country like ours where communal tensions are not uncommon. Content on OTTs are age restricted , since their is no censor board for such & everyone can watch it , the content is influencing young minds in wrong way , which is why they need to be regulated.

Regulated OTT content could also imply missed opportunities for filmmakers and actors who are lured to the medium for the creative freedom it offers. This is the only drawback of regulation of OTTs . Filmmakers comes to this platform because this platform offers freedom of creativity , they can make whatever they want to , yes it is true that they make what is real , but this reality often brings problems among young minds because these minds are not able to take the message behind the content but grasp the things which are not meant for them .

In my view, self-regulation is highly preferred to strict censorship as the latter will curtail the creative freedom of OTT video platforms. If OTT platforms self-regulate and take adequate measures to ensure prohibited content is not watched by children and carry content descriptors, among other safeguards, they would emerge as the best platforms for content watchers

Broadcasters Association (NBA) regulates news channels, and the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) regulates film content. There is no such regulatory authority operating to scrutinize digital media content. So unregulated content that is now widely accessible owing to cheap data connections and the proliferation of smartphones has become a cause of concern. So there must be a regulatory body for OTTs , so that without violating the rules & guidelines & without showing content which is not good , they can give content which is meant for all & loved by all

A Reliable Learning Via Robotics and machines….

                                    IMPORTANCE OF STEM EDUCATION FOR AN ENHANCED LEARNING

  • Definition Of Stem

STEM is an artificial intelligence related to Science, Technology, Engineering and mathematics but it is a vast concept of more than these. It integrates and builds an advanced system of education taking into account every individual’s attention. STEM kind of learning needs to be paid attention as it has an improved technology with enclosing subjects that teaches moral values and discipline in inter-relating one another.

The main motive is to build advanced geniuses in the teenage able to tackle subject and real-time oriented issues. This tech unites with pupils making them to be well-versed and multi-talented in all occasions.

  • Benefits of STEM related education

This kind of learning is focused on building higher order of thinking among students by connecting them a classroom experience to the modern world. A future model is built under campuses for upgrading their problem-solving ability, thinking skill, communication skills and creativity to sort out various critical circumstances in reality.

Generally, focuses on practical experience with real-time applications that gradually builds the skills ability level and shaping them to utilize a sense od outstanding creativity in a competitive world of 21st century.

The students brought up from this kind of teaching can tackle the reality as well as social media/virtual world simultaneously with their brilliance and social skills that comprises of curiosity, social skills, leadership, management and acceptance of up and downs in life.

In a specific period of life people will undergo circumstances where they become puzzled to take decision as choices will cause effects on their career which has to be made wisely. At that stage without realizing they randomly choose a false decision making them fall in a pit, which will be realized on later times by the same individual after which nothing can be undone.

This system basically concentrates on those kinds of cases so the growing kids can be exclusively intelligence while handling such experiences. This AI creates a similar kind illusion to make them think and decide their choices accordingly so they can adopt to changes or select a decision more preciously.

  • Differences from normal learning and AI integrated learning

In a standard learning taught by faculties they can give you their knowledge ask them to explore it on your way but mostly pupils memorize concepts that will be totally vanished in this type of system where a machine will broaden every word and concept of subject and explaining the facts deeper by triggering your anxiety to grasp the entire knowledge.

They also become as Book-worms instead of knowing the working behind every concept thus it becomes like mugging/memorizing and vomiting/producing in exam papers just for marks rather than knowledge or skill developed education.

STEM education is the path of future learning making upcoming generation as innovative ones.

These AI models create crucial real-time happenings thus testing their initial level of thinking and providing solutions to the same. By doing this they actually promote their working of brain at a younger age which we call as maturity and experience at small ages.

It is also a known to contribute steps towards economic growth by this deep level thinking knowledge (innovation) which is unique in every kid. That is why each one is special but as they discover their innovative skill it becomes too late for individuals so by enhancing them to bring up their key skills so they are ready to face out life and unavoidable circumstances.

  • Ways to spread an idea to enlarge the importance about it to the Society

There are various ways through which you can advertise and spread the initiative taken by you. The only thing you require is an account in media platforms that will enroll your ads in various random posts that people may be searching for.

 The only purpose of using social media is because the reach is tremendous while compared manually or just by recommendations. You need to focus on how you can market them by discussing their features and how it helps in the improvement of a teenager.

By adding relevant pictures or short clips of the same, people can get to know about the functionalities and capabilities of the system and the working.

Awareness can also be made and posters shall be published to keep a track of viewers and connect with them mutually to improve a knowledge of better learning among several institutions in exploring the skills of a teenager in their adolescent ages that support them vitally.

The base of any product to be recognized is how you explain and elaborate the advantages and benefits that grasps attention to every single student in a whole crowd or in a classroom.

If you are self-motivated to prove and provide minute specifications for the useful machine integrated model (AI/STEM education) it can be an added information for users so they support and promote in various different ways.

  • Social Media Channels

The enlarged platform of these trending applications has several unique features under each portal those are different from one another. From audience till owners of some companies have adopted to this virtual world that helps growing merchants to develop and stand tall of their product.

The only difficulty is not all the things are encouraged in these sites, if you want a product to be wide-spread then its uniqueness and features must grab the reader/visitor’s attention in such a way so they start marketing your brand as an affiliate or recommend your goods in some required places.

 You as a producer can share things that will be helpful for any individual before trying it out. Social platforms like helps you to enrich with the fruitfulness of customers especially YouTube. There are millions of people from various continents utilizing this open platform for various entertainment.

From this article you can get to know some ideas and the importance of the STEM education as an effective way of building up the mental thinking ability by teaching them in a provoking way that enhances of building an IQ that is an advanced level for teenagers to think in a multi-tasking way.

STRATEGY PLANS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA AND ITS ACHIEVEMENTS:

India has achieved self-sufficiency in almost all basic and capital good industries and consumer good industries. There is a considerable rise in net domestic product, saving and investment. Self sufficiency in food grain production is achieved. There is a good deal of diversification in industrial structure.

STRATEGY PLANS :

1. Nehru-Mahalanobis Model of Growth: Prof. P.C Mahalabonis is under the guidance of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru developed the heavy industry model based on the Soviet experience. This model is popularly known as Nehru-Mahalanobis model formed the basis of the second plan. Jawaharlal Nehru emphasised that “The development of heavy industry in synonymous with industrialisation”. Mahalanobis was of the opinion that without adequate investment in basic heavy industries, it would not be possible to achieve a rapid self reliant economic growth. to achieve rapid economic growth and self reliance, it is necessary to give the highest priority to basic capital goods industries in the development strategy of a plan. It was during the second plan major steel plants were set up at Durgapur, Bhilai and Rourkela. ONGC, Ranchi Heavy Engineering Corporation, Neyveli Lignite Corporation were also set up during this plan.

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU AND MAHALABONIS

2. Gandhian Model of Growth: Gandhi called his ideal society Sarvodaya. It is a society that ensures the welfare and well-being of all its members. It emphasizes is on all the three components of well being material, mental and more spiritual he believed that “India lives in its villages”. This plan was based on truth and nonviolence. village is considered as the focal point of development and it is considered to be self-sufficient and self regulating economy. Importance given to small scale and cottage industries to reduce unemployment. Mechanization was opposed as it would displaced people out of employment.

3. Wage Goods Strategy of Growth: According to Vakil and Brahmananda, for removal of poverty, promotion of economic growth or capital accumulation alone in is not enough. “The way out of poverty is, therefore, to pay immediate attention to making good the capital gap in respect of wage goods capacity.

4. Rao- Manmohan Model of Growth: This growth model was introduced in 1991 with emphasis on privatisation and globalisation. There was severe economic crisis since 1990 in the Indian economy issues such as low foreign exchange reserves, balance of payments problem, public sector undertaking losses compelled the then Finance Minister Manmohan Singh and Prime Minister P.V Narasimha Rao to initiate various reforms. A market driven and pattern of development was adopted. Manmohan model of development in emphasized a bigger role for the private sector. A strategy of export led growth was propagated rather than import substitution.

5. Providing Urban-Amenities in Rural Areas: A strategy of developing rural areas this model of development was initiated by the former President APJ Abdul kalam. His vision was to transform rural areas and bring it on par with urban areas. Dr. A.P.J Abdul kalam visualised for connectivities namely physical electronic knowledge that would lead to economic connectivity of rural areas. In the first phase The ministry of Rural development implemented seven pirate projects from 2004 to 2005 and 2006 to 2007 with a total outlay of rupees three billion in the states of Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Orissa and uttar Pradesh. The scheme was also relaunched as a central government scheme during the remaining period of Eleventh five- year plan.

6. Five year plans: From 1947 to 2017, the Indian economy was premised on the concept of planning. This was carried through the Five-Year Plans, developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission (1951-2014) and the NITI Aayog (2015-2017). With the prime minister as the ex-officio chairman, the commission has a nominated deputy chairman, who holds the rank of a cabinet minister. The first year plan was Harrod – Domar model of development economics. FYP had a target of 2.1% PA growth in national income. Top priority was given to the development of agricultural sector. The idea was agricultural development would lead to higher rate of economic growth.

ACHIEVEMENTS:

1. A Higher Growth Rate: The Indian economy has reached rapid development in all sectors. India’s macroeconomic performance has been only moderately good in terms of GDP growth rates.

2. Increase in National Income: The national income of India has increased manifold. The average annual increase in national income was registered to be 1.2% from 1901 to 1947, 3% in 1950-70, 4% in 1970-80, 5% in 1980-90 and 5.8% in 1980-81 to 2000-01. the Gross income is estimated to have risen by 7% during 2016-17 in comparison to the growth rate of 8% in 2015-16.

3. Increase in per capita: Before independence increase in per capita income was almost zero. But after the adoption of economic planning in free India per capita income has continuously be increased.

4. Growth of Economic infrastructure: India’s performance in building up the necessary economic infrastructure is really praiseworthy At the Inception of economic planning, road kilometre was 4 lakh km. India has now more than 3 million km of road network making it one of the largest in the world.

5. Development of Basic and Capital Goods Industries: Major area of success of Indian planning is the growth of basic and capital goods industries. With the adoption of the Mahalanobis strategy of the development during the second plan period some basic and capital good industries like iron and steel witnessed spectacular growth.

6. Higher Growth of Agriculture: The most significant aspect of India’s five year plans is that their overall rate of growth of food production has now exceeded the rate of growth of population. Although in the early years of planning agricultural performance was measurable resulting in the emergence of food crisis.

7. Savings and Investment: The rise in the domestic savings rate from 10 % of GDP (Gross Domestic Capital) at the initial stages of planning to around 19% in 1980-81 is definitely impressive. The GDP of India has started to increase step by step in the following years and it rose to 36% in 2006 to 2007.

Those strategy plants also faced major failures, in spite of planning, poverty also exists and unemployment has risen. Inequalities of income have not been reduced. There is unequal land ownership, land reforms are inadequately implemented.