A 600-million-dollar Yacht

This is a hydro-powered yacht over 370 feet long superyacht designed by Sinot Yacht Architecture and Design. Let’s take a look at what this means and who owns it now. Well, hydrogen power is considered a green source of energy, which implies this yacht does not harm our environment. But what’s this hydrogen power? Well, hydrogen power uses hydrogen fuel cells which produce electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen atoms. When hydrogen reacts with oxygen across electrochemical cell water, electricity and a small amount of heat are produced.

Hydrogen energy was initially used over 200 years ago powering the first-ever internal combustion engine. It is light in weight, has easy storage options, and produces no direct emissions or any sort of greenhouse gases. There are various ways of producing hydrogen, it can be from fossil fuels, biomass, water, or a mixture of all three. Currently, over 70% of pure hydrogen comes from natural gas. This implies hydrogen power is safe for our future and hence this is a green source of energy.

Many media sources have reported that this yacht now belongs to Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates. Sinot’s 370 feet long hydrogen-powered concept AQUA received lots of attention when it was unveiled at the most recent Monaco Yacht Show. However, it looks like designer Sander Sinot may have caught lightning in a bottle. “With every project, I challenge my team and myself to surpass ourselves,” he explains. “For the development of AQUA we took inspiration from the lifestyle of a discerning, forward-looking owner, the fluid versatility of water, and cutting-edge technology to combine this in a 376-foot) superyacht with a fully operational liquid hydrogen and fuel cell system that features ground-breaking in technology, as well as design and aesthetics.”

According to advanced reports, AQUA’s power is fuelled by liquefied hydrogen, stored at extremely low temperatures, in vacuum isolated tanks. The liquefied hydrogen is converted into electrical energy by Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, with water being the only by-product.

Heritage trains in India that you must enjoy a ride on

Heritage rails are more than just tourist attractions. Not only they helps create a romantic feel, but also give us a glimpse of the history of the land. Although heritage railways have renovated most of their trains for technical advancements and safety purposes, they still carry the old-school charm. The views on these routes are just unparalleled. Here’s a list of heritage trains that you need to definitely enjoy a ride on.

Kalka-Shimla Railway

This narrow gauge railway chugs between Kalka and Shimla, and is famous for offering beautiful views of forests and hill regions. It was built in 1898 to connect Shimla, the summer capital of India, with the rest of the Indian rail system. It is 2 ft 6 inch (762 mm) narrow gauge railway in North-West India, and was built by HS Harington. It is now operated by the Northern Railway. UNESCO added the Kalka-Shimla railway to mountain railways of India World Heritage Site in 2008.

Darjeeling Himalayan Railway

The toy train, this train travels between New Jalpaiguri station and Darjeeling station. The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway started in the end of the 19th century, and covers six zigzag routes and five large loops to reach higher altitudes. In 1999, this route was declared as a World Heritage Site; it has also been one of the country’s most famous tourist attractions. The setting of the train journey also has a vintage charm to it, a ride on this train will definitely change your outlook toward train travel.

Nilgiri Mountain Railway

The Nilgiri Mountain Railway is in Tamil Nadu, and was built in 1908 by the British. The route runs from Mettupalayam to Udhagamandalam (Ooty), and takes around 4.8 hours to complete. Most times, just one train travels on this route each way; however, during the peak summer season, four trains run each way, everyday. In July 2005, UNESCO designated it as a World Heritage Site, and is now operated by the Salem railway division.

Matheran Hill Railway

This train is on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, yet a ride on this train will be one of the best rides ever!. This narrow gauge train runs between Neral and Matheran in Maharashtra. Interesting thing to note here is that it chugs along the well-known Western Ghats, so in terms of views, you are in for a ride. Further, this 21 km long route has been in operation since 1907. The train starts its journey in Neral, and then ascends the Matheran hill by going through two large zig-zags before completing its 140 hours’ journey.

Poverty in India

Poverty one of the major problem in India. India is the second most populous country after China with 1.2 billion people and it is the seventh largest country in the world in terms of area.

Around ⅔rd of people in India live in poverty in which 68.9 % of Indian population lives on less than 2 dollar a day and over 30% even have less than 1.25 dollar per day. And thus they are considered extremely poor.

India subcontinent is one of the poorest country in the world.

The most poor section of our country is children and Womens. They are considered as the weakest member of Indian society and that’s why they suffer the most.

In India womens are not considered as the strongest member of the society because of a patriarchy.

Education and job for womens are not considered important in our society.

By preventing education for Childrens and womens leads to the poverty and poverty is also preventing children from getting an education

Poverty in India impacts children and families in a variety of different ways:-

  • High infant mortality
  • Child labour
  • Malnutrition
  • Lack of education
  • Child marriage

High infant mortality rate

  • India is one of the country with highest child mortality rate.
  • Around 1.4 million children die each year in India their fifth birthday.
  • Major causes of death are due to pneumonia, malaria, diarrhoeal diseases as well as chronic Malnutrition.

Child labour

  • Child labour for children under the age of 14 in India is prohibited by law.
  • According to official figures 12.5 nilganj children between the age of 5 to 14 are working.
  • It is believed that Indian children’s contribute to the living wood of their poor family.
  • Children’s work in the field in factories, in quarries, private households .

Malnutrition

  • India is one of the world’s top countries when it comes to Malnutrition.
  • 7.8 infants were found to have birth weight less than 2.5Kg
  • More than 200 million people don’t have sufficient access food.

Lack of Education

  • Most of childrens have no access to education in India.
  • Girls are excluded from the school in higher numbers with respect to boys.
  • We should have to treat them equally but it is believed to be inferior on lower caste.
  • Without education, chances of finding living from employment in India is impossible.
  • If educated peoples start teaching childrens at free of cost then it also be very useful in making a better world.
  • Like If 30 college students are studying in 1 course and they start teaching poor childrens only 1 day per month then the childrens study 1 month at free of costs.
  • We also have to put some efforts in making better world not for others, but for ourselves as well.

Child marriage

  • As we know Child marriage is crime according to Child marriage Restraint Act, 1929.
  • But it is still widespread in many regions of India.
  • Poverty is also the main reason behind this.

Overpopulation

  • Overpopulation leads to high competition in every aspects of life.
  • We see lack of job opportunities, education.
  • Food production is not as much to fulfill the need of this higher population.
  • Due to overpopulation, and not doing work after having such high population in India is main reason behind poverty.
  • If we utilise this overpopulation as the opportunity to increase country’s financial condition then it actually going to worth it.

Presence of Mind

A brave girl 10-year- old girl applied her school lessons and saved 16 lives even as the fire at Crystal Towers in the Parel area of central Mumbai killed four and injured another 16 people on Wednesday. Zen Sadavarte, who is a class 3 student, was sleeping when her mother spotted the smoke at around 8 am. Zen was trapped on the 12th floor of the 16 storied- building where the fire had started. However, without getting deterred Zen showed presence of mind and applied the safety tips taught to her in school to save the lives of her family members and neighbours. Upon spotting fire, as everybody rushed out for safety, an asthmatic girl was feeling breathless. Upon hearing her mother cry, Zen quickly took pieces of cloth from her house, went them and urged her family and neighbours to cover their noses with them and breathe through it.

LOOKING AT THE POSITIVE SIDE OF THE PANDEMIC

The coronavirus pandemic has left everyone stranded at their homes with nowhere outside to step. Even those little strolls in fresh mornings and calm evenings seem a distant possibility. The living place has become a whole working world with all systems decked up at home, and minimum necessity to step outside. But thanks to technology, everything is now possible at the click of a button or screen. From ordering basic groceries and food online to totally working online through a home office, everything from decently simple to twistingly complicated has become super easy. Technology was already in the developing stages of going virtual, but the pandemic has triggered advancements and pushed boundaries for us to survive and function smoothly without physically having to facilitate all this. Earlier, working from home or workations were very rare and mostly done if travelling from home was difficult or tedious. Today, working from home is the norm and people have got accustomed to this way of working. Albeit the comfort of doing everything without the effort of getting dressed in those uncomfortable formal dresses and travelling hours to work everyday, a few professionals think that bringing the workplace home has disrupted work-life balance and life has become more mundane, without any weekend chilling, fun activities at the workplace, social interaction and bonding or office parties. Only work and total lockdown have made the outgoing squad’s lives frustrating and outright boring. But fret not they say, because social media and entertainment platforms picked the right opportunity to bring back the fun in the routine lives of fun-loving people. They did it simple and big – give people the motivation and platform to showcase what they are good at, bring out the talent and innovation and publicize it through the right medium in the right way. Earlier, people hadn’t even pondered over if their pastime interests and mini-gigs could garner such appreciation and popularity over the internet. But the lockdown made internet stars out of next door neighbours. And not just the popularity that comes with it, people have actually started enjoying the process of being involved in doing something they like with such passion and happiness. It keeps them busy for the day and also serves as a welcome change from office work and stress. This has actually brought out the creativity of content creators who would otherwise have continued with their routine weekdays and weekends. Confinement has encouraged people to try out something which interests them – anything decent and simple good, and refreshing too. Typical 9 to 5 people have found something new and interesting to look forward to after work. What had been believed strictly professional once has become fun and exciting. From comedians to content creators, memers, lifestyle coaches, fashion trendsetters, culinary experts, motivation leaders, creative minds and bloggers, we have a whole set of feel-good people to watch perform, enjoy and seize the day, being at home. Trying out funny dance or comedy videos, innovating sustainable fashion with homely items, revamping the simple abode into a nice and cool place, preparing chef-style dishes at home are just some of the trends that have taken the attention of the millennials. And it’s true, they find satisfaction and solace in trying out these new things, posting their daily activities online. The attitude of people towards the definition of a fulfilling day has changed, too. Today, they believe that if they’ve had a happy time, it’s a day spent well, rather than running behind goals and the constant need of accomplishing something by the end of the day, and losing their calm and composure in the process. And they are right! In the end, all that counts is how much one has enjoyed thoroughly rather than what he/she has achieved. The lockdown has sure made normal life tumultuous to some extent, but if we look at the positive side of things, we are actually thriving well in tough times, and we’ve got to keep it up and strong till we overcome this situation testing our limits, and we will surely do it with the same ease and elegance as gracefully as we have come this far! 

PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN WORKFORCE

Participation of women as the economically productive workforce:

53 percent of all the fresh graduates in India, in the year 2018-2019 were women. As per All India Survey of Higher education, the enrolment of women for higher education has increased to 49 percent in 2018 to 2019 as against 44 percent in the year 2011 to 2012 This is indeed is a clear indicator that India has made considerable progress in women education. Yet this pool of women talent transforming into the driving workforce is distressingly less. India’s Female Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) was 20.8 percent in 2019, as per data from the World Bank.

India has seen a steep decline in Female Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR), It has fallen to 20.8 percent in 2019 as against 30.27 percent in 1990.India’s Female LFPR is very less

The fact that such a large pool of literate, qualified and talented women workforce is still aloof in the effort to boost economy is a clear indication to analyse how to judiciously harvest this talent or rather what might be the causes that women participation in the workforce is so low.

There might be two chief causes of this dwindling Female LFPR –

  1. Societal Norms
  2. Difficulties faced by women to enter and retain in the labour market

In some communities, women face a lot of resistance to work and participate in the workforce. This resistance is mainly due to societal taboo about women working outside the house. In addition to this the women might be subjected to take care of the household responsibly. Many women find it difficult to harmonize the trade off between family responsibilities and work. The unpaid house work and parenting are still seen as a woman’s primary duty while men are entitled as the bread winners of the family. This might be a chief cause which discourage women to participate in the labour pool.

Women with lower family incomes are subjected to forced labour due to financial pressures while a few women drop out once the income is stable. While few educated women in India still face mismatch in the opportunities and exposure provided to them based on their talent and skill set. Other concerns are safety at work place, security of tenure- owing to maternal leaves, the pay parity, maintaining work and household balance and societal pressure.

Regardless of the countless barrier women have faced to participate and retain in the workforce, women have found their way out and reached the pinnacle of their career. May these women be the torch bearers and inspire the future generations and create opportunities for them. For India cannot afford the productivity loss by missing out such a large chunk of women workforce. New laws, policies and change in societal outlook are kindling the spark for necessary transformation to include more and more women in productive workforce. But we still have a long way to go and encourage women participation as much as we can. And as they say, charity begins at home! Let us start by empowering ourselves and many more future generations to come, not for the sake of feminism or gender equality, but to lead a fulfilling, independent and exemplary life.

Startup Stories – Vahak

The logistics sector has seen a growth of about 59% during the lockdown period. Primary reasons attributing to the growth of the sector is the order of essential services online to avoid the covid spread. While we were staying safe behind the doors, the logistics sector worked relentlessly to fulfill our needs. Ever wonder what’s happening in the logistics sector? There are certain hard challenges faced by the logistics sector. There were delays in the delivery and sometimes tracking of goods seem to be even more difficult. This is because of a lack of networking with the driver communities, following the superannuated process of tracking and competitive market. 

Vahak is a startup that has developed an online community wherein a customer can easily interact with the drivers,  book a lorry or a truck and thus transport their goods from point A to B. The app can be beneficial for both sides. The customer can get his booking done in no time with minimal calls and can place bids for the same. The drivers on the other hand can get the details in prior, have regular jobs, and assured payments. Sounds like a win-win situation right? Of course, it is. To add adornment to the user experience, vahak has made the service at zero commission. Their website design seems to be simple and appealing.

VAHAK – A SNEAK PEEK

Vahak was founded in 2017 has seen steady growth in both sales and finance since then. Adoption of new technology and addressing an issue prevailing in the market over the years would be salient in attracting investors. Vahak is never an exception in such a case. They have raised their initial round of seed funding from Leo capital venture. Recently they created a buzz in the market by raising a fund of about 5 million dollars in their pre-series A funding by Luxor Capital and its existing fund venture Leo capital. 

Team members of vahak said in an interview that “ the platform has around 10,000 active loads every day”. 

They are serving 3000+cities in and around India and they are aiming to develop their platform significantly in the near future. The fund would be utilized in a way that the network expands and henceforth the business flourishes. 

https://www.vahak.in/about-us

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/vahak-raises-5-million-in-funding-led-by-rtp-global/articleshow/84230447.cms

IMPORTANCE OF NEWSPAPER

Newspapers provide general information and knowledge, such as news on the economy, sports, entertainment, trade, and commerce. In short, the newspaper is extremely important to humans; reading the newspaper on a daily basis can help us strengthen our reading habits, broaden our knowledge, and improve our fluency. For those who are interested in political news, there is a comprehensive list of what is happening on the national and worldwide political fronts. How significant was it for newspapers to report in depth. Assembly elections and Lok-Sabha bye-elections were recently held, and people on every street corner could be seen frantically trying to obtain a newspaper to learn the latest results.

Then there is worldwide political news, which keeps people informed about current events across the world. Some people’s first interest in sports is to turn to the newspaper’s Sports page. It also assists us in becoming more informed citizens. Newspapers keep us informed of any changes in the country’s rules and regulations. Furthermore, they are quite educational for students. Here, a learner can learn everything there is to know about general knowledge and current events. We keep up with technological advances, government legislation, research projects, and other topics.

Aside from that, newspapers feature fantastic pieces on social concerns, civilizations, the arts, and other topics. It informs the public about key problems and conveys public opinion. As a result, individuals will be able to conduct thorough assessments of the administration and its ministers. Likewise, newspapers provide excellent job prospects. Those looking for work read newspapers in order to find dependable job openings.Aside from that, newspapers feature fantastic pieces on social concerns, civilizations, the arts, and other topics. It informs the public about key problems and conveys public opinion. As a result, individuals will be able to conduct thorough assessments of the administration and its ministers. Likewise, newspapers provide excellent job prospects. Those looking for work read newspapers in order to find dependable job openings.

The Benefits of Reading Newspapers:

Some of the advantages of reading daily newspapers are as follows:

1.The world’s news is published in newspapers.

2.Newspapers are a source of general knowledge and information.

3.Newspapers cover topics such as the economy, sports, gaming, entertainment, trade, and business.

4.Reading the newspaper is a healthy habit that has been ingrained in modern society. This habit will broaden your horizons and deepen your understanding.

5.You may stay informed by reading the newspaper. It allows you to participate in any conversation about current events throughout the world.

6.Reading newspapers will boost your general knowledge and make it easier for you to relate to what is happening in the world.

7.Reading newspapers will boost your general knowledge and make it easier for you to relate to others who frequently discuss current events and politics.

8.You will have a clear notion and comprehension of what is going on in your country and throughout the world if you read newspapers.

A World Without Newspapers:

Everything is becoming digital as the globe advances swiftly. We can do everything on our cellphones or computers, from buying to reading the news. The newspaper industry has also been affected by digitisation. Because individuals can obtain fast updates about the newest news on their phones, newspaper sales have plummeted. Is this to say that the digital era will obliterate newspapers? Given the current situation, this prospect appears to be a distinct possibility. Are we, on the other hand, ready for a world without newspapers? Without newspapers, the world would be like a house without mirrors. We won’t be able to see our own reflection as a result of this.

Compare this condition to that of the rest of the globe and the newspaper. Imagine that the world has lost its national mirror, and you are unable to get an accurate image of what is going on around you. What’s worse, instead of the national mirror, we’re getting a fun-house mirror, which distorts information and causes you to perceive what isn’t genuine. In other words, politicians will have unrestricted access to the public to spread their ads and agendas. The data won’t be trustworthy, and it won’t even be examined. There will be no journalists to decode the government and corporate spin on stealing the average guy of his money.

𝑹𝑨𝑰𝑵𝒀 𝑺𝑬𝑨𝑺𝑶𝑵𝑺

Rain is not only drops of water. It’s the love of the sky for the 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗛 They never meet each other but sends love this way.” 

A rainy day refrigerates the weather with showers and a warm breeze. It freshens everyone by making the climate fresh and pleasant and brings in a sigh of relief from the scorching heat.

It is a blessing for trees, birds, animals, plants and people during the summer. Trees look so fresh, colourful and refreshing after a shower. Rainy day is essential for farmers as it helps in the growth of crops.

Rainy days are different from any other day. They hold great importance for everyone differently. People have different reasons to wait for the 𝙍𝘼𝙄𝙉𝙔 𝙎𝙀𝘼𝙎𝙊𝙉 eagerly. After all, it brings a sigh relief for everyone. No matter what the weather may be, a rainy day relaxes and soothes our soul. There is no age limit to enjoy rainy days people of almost every age enjoy it equally. Thus, rainy days are very important for a number of reasons.

There are so much rainwater and fresh air in this season. That’s why the environment becomes very clear and enjoyable. People love this season a lot. Personally, I love a rainy time a lot and get wet in the rain.

The whole natural environment including trees, flowers, and other plants become so much green and full of life. They look so alive and beautiful. Most of the trees get new leaves and look very attractive. There are lots of festivals that people celebrate in this season.

My mother  cooks so many types of delicious food this season. I love eating them. A rainy day is really enjoyable for me, I love to listen song at this time. LIstening songs is one of my fav hobbies, Overall, the rainy season is really amazing.

I always think that the rainy season is the best season, because of its natural beauty. Most people refer to this season as their favorite one. Yeah, it’s my favorite season. After a long hot summer, people become restless for some cold air and clear rains. At that time, the 𝗥𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘆 𝘀𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗼𝗻  comes with so much pleasure and blessings.

It makes the whole environment cool and looks beautiful. Sometimes it becomes really boring for a long time rain, but most of the time I enjoy the rainy day. 

We don’t go to school if there are heavy rains outside. Most of the time we go to the roof to enjoy the rain. A few of my friends dance and sing, it is really great fun together on the roof. We mostly do this at the beginning of the season.

But gradually after a few weeks, we don’t care so much about rain. Overall, this season is really amazing and enjoyable. I love this season a lot because everything gets life with a touch of rainwater. That is an amazing scene for everyone…..

ARYABHATTA

Aryabhatta was the first Indian mathematician and astronomer. He had immense knowledge in the field of mathematics. Moreover, he did he may discoveries during his era. For instance, some of them were the discovery of algebraic identities, trigonometrical functions, the value of pi, Place value system, etc.

Furthermore, he wrote many books which still help us in performing various calculations. Aryabhatta was a great influence to many youngsters. For he excelled in academics from a very early age. Moreover, he contributed much to the society his works and theories are still remembered and honored till date.

 

EARLY LIFE

Aryabhatta was born in 475 A.D. Furthermore his birthplace eas not sure, but in his book the ‘Aryabhatiya’, he mentions that he was a native of Kusumapura the modern-day Patna. Moreover, from his historical records, the archaeologists believed that he continued his further studies in Kusumapura. Because in Kusumapura his major astronomical observatory was located.

Therefore, we can ascertain that Aryabhatta spent most of the time there. Further, some historians believe that he was also the head of Nalanda University in Kusumpura. Though these theories are all on a probable basis because no proper evidence was there except the books Arybhatta wrote in his lifetime. Yet some of his records were lost and are not found till date.

 

WORK OF ARYABHATTA

Aryabhatta contributed greatly to the field of mathematics. For instance, he was responsible for discovering various trigonometrical functions which are useful for us in the modern era too.

Furthermore, his discovery for the value of ‘pi’ eased the complications in mathematics. Above all, he founded the place value system and zero which are one of his major contributions in the history of mathematics. Most Noteworthy is that every theory is in his book ‘Aryabhatiya’ which states astronomical theories. Furthermore, his book divides into different sections of mathematics and astronomy.

Apart from his discoveries in the field of mathematics, Aryabhatta contributed immensely towards astronomy. He proposed the heliocentric theory which states the planets revolve around the Sun. with the help of this theory, he calculated the speed of the different planets with respect to the Sun.

Furthermore, he also calculated the sidereal rotation which is the rotation of the earth in reference to the stars. Moreover, he founded the sidereal year to be 365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes and 30 seconds which varies with only 3 minutes and 20 seconds over the modern-day value.

 

CONTRIBUTIONS

Most noteworthy is that Aryabhatta correctly founded that the earth rotates on its axis. Furthermore, he also proposed the geocentric model of the solar system which described the earth to be the center of the universe. And the sun, the moon, and the planets revolve around it.

Aryabhata also explained the solar and lunar eclipses in his book. Consequently, he also proposed that the moon due to the reflection of the sunlight. He explained in his book that the lunar eclipse and the solar eclipse takes by the shadow-casting of the earth and the moon.

In conclusion Aryabhatta approximations in the field of astronomy were quite accurate. It provided the core to the computational paradigm which provides a base to the modern theories.

Unification of Italy

(1815-1871)

Introduction

Nationalism arose mainly after the Napoleon attack in 1796. He consolidated the four major areas and people of Italy wanted revival of rich culture as during that of Renaissance period.

Congress of Vienna (1815)

As Italy was a large area, it could emerge as another powerful state. Therefore it was not declared as an independent state but distributed among kingdoms of France, Spain and Austria.

Like German unification, Italian unification was also done in three parts.

  • 1858-59 : War against Austria and integration of Lombardy
  • 1860 : Integration of Parma, Modena, Tuscany, Naples and Sicily
  • 1866 : Integration of Venice and in 1871, Rome.

(Nationalism arose in 1815 but actually started in 1858.)

Causes of Unification

  • Nationalism Wave of nationalism swept across Europe in nineteenth century, Language, Religion and Territory.
    • Italian thinkers, writers, artists started bringing up cultural traditions
    • Secret societies were formed for political change to overthrow Austrian government.
    • Carboneria was a secret organisation (1800-31) aimed simply ato remove foreign rule and tyranny.
    • Guiseppe Mazzini was the first person who gave idea of unification. In 1831 formed YOUNG ITALY a nationalist group. He gave the Republican ideology and was exciled to France but smuggled patriotic pamphlets to Italy. However, all his insurrections sadly failed.
  • Cound Cavour who was the Prime Minister of Piedmont Sardinia (1852) under King Victor Emanuel II was the architect of Italian Unification.
    • He founded nationalistic newspaper Il Risorgiments. Gave civil rights freedom of press and economi development.

Cavour’s policies

  • Built up Sardinian economy
  • Believed unified Italy should be reborn as monarchy
  • Spread telling of unification to neighbouring states
  • Helped France and British soldiers in crimean War. At the conference, he highlighted Austria’s suppression over Italy. Thereby gained sympathy.

Phase I (1858-59)

  • Lombardy and Venice were instigated by cavour against Austria
  • Austria declared war on Sardinia
  • Italy with French helped emerged as victor and liberated Lombardy
  • But could not lierate Venice
  • Lombardy was therefore integrated

Phase II (1860)

  • Parma, Modena, tuscany was ruled by client state of Habsburg.
  • Plebiscite was conducted here and people voted to join Piedmont- Sardinia.
  • Some popal states were also unified.
  • Challenge: cavour had a deal with France only for Austria. the Southern Italy was under Bourbon dynasty who were relatives of Napoleon III. This could dismantle Cavour and Napoleon III’s relation.
  • Guiseppe Garibaldi came to rescue. Cavour asked him to lead Sardinian army against Sicily. these armies were called Red Shirts. With this, Naples and Sicily were also liberated.
  • On this Cavour said to Napoleon III- Bourban dynasty =had been overthrown by a revolutionary garibaldi. I will not attack Pope. Kindly ask pope yo let my army pass through so that I can go attack Sicily.
  • In 1861, Victor Emannuel II provclaimed the kingdom. Sadly Cavour died at the age of 50, due to over work.

Phase III 1866, 71

  • The King signed treaty with Prussia with following terms
    • both against Austria
    • Italy will help in Austria-Prussia war.
    • Venice will be given to Italy after any such war.
    • There was a Battle of Sodowa (1866) where Prussia won and Venice was given to Italy.
  • Papal State was still under France.
    • But in Franco Prussian war france lost. Napoleon III was captured.
    • Rome was captured and made capital of Italy.
    • But since they respected Pope, Vatican city is still under the control of Pope.

INCREASING OF DIVORCE CASES

Meetali soni
WHAT IS DIVORCE ?

Divorce simply means the end of a marriage relationship between two person. It sounds simply , but it’s not easy for a husband and wife to decide to end a marriage. They spend a long time together and try to slove their problems, but they not successed and then they have to take the decision of divorce . Divorce is harder for everyone.

The marriage is a sacrament for every Hindu. The only way to end the marriage or the relationship of husband and wife is the death of the one spouse. It is a process by which two people understand to each other and make their relationship official and permanent until the death. Marriage is the joining of connecting two people in a soulful bond that is going lasts until the last breath. But in now a day’s marriage is a practice is often cut short by the divorce and separation. In every marriage there are some conflicts are grow. Every marriages brings challenges but it is dependent on the how to tackal this ( the husband and wife), or manage the conflict and save their relation. In past some decades, Divorce rate has started increasing rapidly. There are many reasons of increasing divorce rate. Divorce is happened by the mutual consent of husband and wife and also happened through other theories
In some cases husband and wife wants to take divorce because the marriage was done forcefully or against their wishes by their parents. Our present generation is fun loving generation. They don’t know the meaning of love, relationship. They making fun of everything in fact marriage is also fun for them. The present generation has to understand the marriage is a sacrament. It is a relationship between two souls.

REASON OF INCREASING DIVORCE RATE :-
Marriage against the consent of man or woman
Conflict between husband-wife
Physical and mental abuse
Drugs or alcohol addiction
Misunderstanding between the couple
Aggressive behaviour of the spouse
Demand of the dowry
Insulting the wife in front of his family and friends.
Conflict between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law
Lack of communication between the spouse
Forced marriage
Issues in joint family
Women becoming financially independent

CONCLUSION :-
In marriage many conflicts are take place but divorce is not the one and only solution to resolve the conflict. In India the divorce rate is not too much high as compared to other nation. In our country, people still believes that marriages are the bond of two souls. Some relationships need time, understanding and patience from the partners. Due to statistics half of the marriages will end in divorce. And if children are involved, they are suffering most. Both husband and wife have responsibilities to build marriage and provide a stable environment for their children. In my opnion that husband and wife just have to calm down in every fight and in every situations. This is a weapon to shoot divorce which is come in your mind. For avoiding divorce the couples should understand what the biggest issues in their marriage.
Thanks for reading……

The Threat To Your Privacy!

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Would you like if anyone secretly hacks your phone Or keeps a watch on you via your smartphones. If they see all your personal data, messages, pictures etc. Basically, if you’re spied on!? No right. But what if it’s your own government or some agency doing it for them, while you are absolutely unaware about it. It’s possible. Let me tell you how.

As per the information of En. M. Wikipedia. Org Pegasus is a spyware developed by the Israeli cyberarms firm NSO Group that can be covertly installed on mobile phones (and other devices) running most versions of iOS and Android. The 2021 Project Pegasus revelations suggest that the current Pegasus software can exploit all recent iOS versions up to iOS 14.6. As of 2016, Pegasus was capable of reading text messages, tracking calls, collecting passwords, location tracking, accessing the target device’s microphone and camera, and harvesting information from apps. The spyware is named after the mythical winged horse Pegasus—it is a Trojan horse that can be sent “flying through the air” to infect phones. NSO Group has published sections of contracts which require customers to use its products only for criminal and national security investigations and has stated that it has an industry-leading approach to human rights. Rather than being a specific exploit, Pegasus is a suite of exploits that uses many vulnerabilities in the system. Infection vectors include clicking links, the Photos app, the Apple Music app, and iMessage. Some of the exploits Pegasus uses are zero-click- attacks that is, they can run without any interaction from the victim. Once installed, Pegasus has been reported to be able to run arbitrary code, extract contacts, call logs, messages, photos, web browsing history, settings,[22] as well as gather information from apps including but not limited to communications apps iMessage, Gmail, Viber, Facebook, WhatsApp, Telegram, and Skype.

HISTORY.

Pegasus was discovered in August 2016 after a failed installation attempt on the iPhone of a human rights activist led to an investigation revealing details about the spyware, its abilities, and the security vulnerabilities it exploited. News of the spyware caused significant media coverage. It was called the “most sophisticated” smartphone attack ever, and marked the first time that a malicious remote exploit using jailbreak to gain unrestricted access to an iPhone had been detected. On August 23, 2020, according to intelligence obtained by the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, NSO Group sold Pegasus spyware software for hundreds of millions of US dollars to the United Arab Emirates and the other Gulf States, for surveillance of anti-regime activists, journalists, and political leaders from rival nations, with encouragement and mediation by the Israeli government. Later, in December 2020, the Al Jazeera investigative show The Tip of the Iceberg, Spy partners, exclusively covered Pegasus and its penetration into the phones of media professionals and activists; and its use by Israel to eavesdrop on both opponents and allies. In late 2019, Facebook initiated a suit against NSO, claiming that Pegasus had been used to intercept the WhatsApp communications of a number of activists, journalists, and bureaucrats in India, leading to accusations that the Indian government was involved.

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THE CURRENT AFFAIRS

A leak of a list of over 50,000 phone numbers believed to have been identified as those of people of interest by clients of NSO since 2016 became available to Paris-based media nonprofit organisation Forbidden Stories and Amnesty International. They shared the information with seventeen news media organisations in what has been called “Project Pegasus”, and a months-long investigation was carried out, which reported from mid-July 2021. A total of 300 Phone numbers including that of Indian ministers, opposition leaders, ex-election commissioners and journalists were allegedly found on a database of NSO hacking targets by Project Pegasus in mid July. Independent digital forensic analysis conducted on 10 Indian phones whose numbers were present in the data showed signs of either an attempted or successful Pegasus hack. The results of the forensic analysis threw up shows sequential correlations between the time and date a phone number is entered in the list and the beginning of surveillance. The gap usually ranges between a few minutes and a couple of hours. 11 phone numbers associated with a female employee of the Supreme Court of India and her immediate family, who accused the former Chief Justice of India, Ranjan Gogoi, of sexual harrasment, are also allegedly found on a database indicating possibility of their phones being snooped. However, the crucial investigations are still being carried forward by officials.

The Art of Conversation

Among other things, what distinguishes man from other animals is speech and language. The very fact of being man signifies speech and conversation. Conversation as a tool and vehicle of expression of ideas, emotions and experience is of great importance. It lessens pain and suffering, multiplies joy, enjoyment and exaltation and enriches experience. Man can best reveal his mind, intentions, ideas, purpose and personality through words of the mouth or talk. A man is known by his words and talk. A talk reveals a man’s inner being, his thoughts and emotions. A conversation also means participation, cooperation and interaction. This is the best means of communication and expression and also the oldest and the richest. Our oldest and most cherished religious and spiritual works were originally in the form of oral communication, conversation and dialogues. Conversation is essential for success, social interaction, business, learning and education. In a broader and general sense conversation is very comprehensive and includes a talk, lecture and public speech. A lecture or talk may be termed as an extension of conversation. In a conversation a talk is confined to two-three persons but in a speech or lecture it extends to many persons forming a large audience. Moreover, a speech is more or less a one way traffic. While conversation implies intimacy, informality, equal participation, warmth etc. A good and enjoyable conversation is an art in which both heart and mind are involved in an intimate way. It is polite, sweet, intelligent, enjoyable and close.

The art of conversation is essential for influencing people, making friends and achieving success. It can be cultivated and developed. It is a great boon which can be possessed by training, practice, patience and perseverance. One who acquires this art, his labours are fully rewarded. He is welcomed wherever he goes. People like his company and he can become a leader among equals. He will be acceptable and his reputation will acquire wings.

A good conversation is always interesting, polite, warm, relaxed natural, spontaneous, rhythmic and comfortable. A good talker and conversationalist can take his message across successfully, convince the other party and leave long lasting impression. To possess this art one has to be self confident. Self confidence carries conviction, acceptability and popularity. Success in conversation arises from confidence. To attain self confidence read as much as possible, acquire knowledge and then practice talking about it with your friends, neighbours, parents and groups of people around you. Life is full of opportunities to develop this skill. Get yourself involved in others and then get them involved in your sweet, polite, meaningful and relevant talk. There is nothing like practice. Practice makes a man perfect. Any topic is good enough to converse and practice. Make your talk interesting, informative and relevant. Attend lectures, talks and addresses of well known speakers. It will give you a lot of experience, confidence and material to talk about. Be positive, hopeful and always think of the best.

The more you talk with various people, the more you possess knowledge, experience and confidence. Exchange of ideas, experience, emotions, opinions and concepts is likely to prove a great asset in your life and career. Your conversation even with a poor shoemaker , bus conductor, illiterate farmer or an uneducated house helper would not go waste. But talk with a purpose, be conscious of your aim and object and never lose sight of what you want to achieve. Nothing should be half hearted and half bake. Never monopolise the conversation and allow others to speak. Never dictate terms but be friendly, funny, considerate, liberal and polite

Books to read once.

It’s been said that we are what we read, our thoughts are made at what we are surrounded with , so are some books which are to be read once:

  1. To kill a mocking bird by Harper lee
  2. 1984 by George Orwell
  3. The great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald
  4. The diary of a young girl, by Anne Frank
  5. The Book Thief, by Markus Zusak
  6. The Hobbit, by J.R.R Tolkien
  7. Jane Eyre , by Charlotte Bronte
  8. Gone with wind , by Margaret Mitchell
  9. Charlotte’s Web, by E.B White
  10. The Kite Runner ,by Khaled Hosseini