Tag: risk

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

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Coronoary Heart Disease is defined as “the impairment of heart function due to the inadequate blood flow to the heart.” It causes 25-30% death in industrialized countries. The epidemicity, that is the relative ability to spread from one host to another in a locality, of CHD began at different times in different countries. The countries where the epidemic started early are showing a decline in the number of cases detected but still CHD poses as one of the largest health problems across the globe. CHD was the leading cause of death globally resulting in over 7million deaths. It may affect individuals of any age but becomes more common at progressively at older ages. It is estimated that 60% of the world’s cardiovascular disease occurs in the South Asian subcontinent. Males are at a higher risk of getting affected by CHD than the females.

CHD in India

The pattern of CHD in India is reported as follows:

  • CHD occurs in the population who have attained the age between 51-60 years.
  • Males are affected more than females.
  • Hypertension and diabetes account for about 40% of all the cases.
  • Heavy smoking is also reslonsible for CHD in higher number.

The risk factors that can lead to CHD include smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and stress.

Prevention of CHD:

WHO has recommended the following strategies for the prevention of CHD:

  1. Population strategy:
    1. CHD is primarily a mass disease. The strategy should have a mass approach focusing mainly on the control of underlying risk factors.
    2. Small changes in the risk factor levels can achieve the biggest reduction in mortality.
    3. The population strategy is centered around the areas such as Dietary changes, smoke free society, blood pressure measurement and physical activity.
  2. High risk strategy: By means of simple tests such as blood pressure and serum cholesterol management, it is possible to identify individuals at a special risk.
  3. Secondary prevention: Secondary prevention must be seen s he continuation of primary prevention. The aim of secondary prevention is to prevent the recurrence and progression of CHD.

In a world where health risk factors are present everywhere, we should do our best to avoid falling prey to any kind of health risk.

Alcohol Addiction in Teenagers

ALCOHOL ADDICTION IN TEENAGERS


This topic is an essential part of the present society and touches almost all sections of the society, including parents, teenagers, school administrations, and churches. There has been a notable increase in the level of moral decadence especially among the young generation. This has been as a result of the lack of sufficient parenting techniques and inadequate monitoring of the movements of teenage children, both at schools and home. This paper examines the current situation of alcohol addiction among teenagers, the factors that facilitate early exposure and addiction to alcohol. It also takes a look at the efforts that various institutions are making to control the situation, and the challenges that hinder the effective control of the social vice (Biddulph, 2003).

One can define addiction to alcohol as a continuous urge and desire to consume alcoholic drinks at all times of the day. An addict is an individual who cannot survive without the commodity, to which he has an addiction. On several occasions, the individual will experience certain side effects as a result of not consuming the commodity or service. For example, an individual who has an alcohol addiction is likely to suffer from anxiety and restlessness if he or she does not take alcohol regularly. Addiction to alcohol manifests itself in different ways, depending on the body set up of the individual suffering from the addiction. Alcohol remains to be the most abused drug among teenagers in most countries, notably, in the United States. According to recent findings, approximately a half of the junior and senior high school students consume alcoholic drinks on a monthly basis. In addition, approximately 14 percent of teens in the USA have been under intoxication at least once in the past year. The most alarming trend that is arising is that these teens drink a wide variety of the alcoholic drinks, which increases the damage on their health. Other specialists have defined alcohol addiction as the negative pattern of alcohol use that leads to several health problems. Some of the problems include the urge for additional alcohol to experience intoxication, difficulties that occur when the impacts of the alcohol wears off from the individual, and other social problems that come as a result of consuming alcohol (Castillo, 2009).

Causes and Risk Factors of Alcohol Addiction among Teenagers

There are certain elements that encourage the progress of an alcoholic behavior among teenagers. Most of these factors usually comprise of family factors that occur in the homes of these teenagers. First, low levels of supervision and communication from the parents to teenage children is likely to foster a drinking habit in a teenager. Children in the teenage years are in a period of experimentation, and it is at this time that they need adequate attention from the parents. When parents fail to stay close to their children at this stage in life, there is a tendency that these children may fall victims of peer pressure, and start consuming alcohol (Essau, 2002).

Family conflicts also contribute massively towards alcohol addiction among the teens. Young children are not proficient at dealing with problems in their families. The most notable family conflict in families is that of marital misunderstandings between the mother and father. Teenagers tend to keep their minds off the misunderstandings between parents by consuming drugs, mostly alcohol. Persistent conflicts in the family will lead to the development of the drinking habit in such a young person, leading to addictiocauen (Monti, 2012).

Family History of Alcohol Addiction

Some teenagers tend to drink alcohol because some members of the family were heavy drinkers. This is most common in a situation where these past family drinkers were successful in life at some point. Thus, a teenager will look at alcohol as a positive effect on someone’s potential and success. This continued exposure to alcohol will eventually lead to addiction at a tender age.

Exposure to alcohol at a tender teen age is likely to lead to heavy alcoholism in the later years of an individual. For instance, teens that start drinking at an age of 14 to 16 years have a high tendency of suffering from alcoholism during their maturity age (Stewart, 2009).



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