Carnevale di Venezia!

‘Life is a carnival. You wait in long lines to enjoy a short ride’.

Colors, celebrations, ferry wheels, masks, costumes, merriments, public parades… All these words can be connected with the title of this article. The continuity of traditions is present even now in the city of canals. So, Carnival dye Venezia is one of the popular carnival around the world and the charming characteristic of the city. This carnival also attracts the tourists who visits there with its sumptuous costumes and masks parade. Wearing mask is followed as a traditional one, as it also get to mask the people’s class and status and it also makes fun of aristocracy. Having such carnival creates an enchanting atmosphere with acrobats, jugglers and raffish performances in private cafe and houses.

The carnival takes place in February. It starts before two weeks; prior to the ash wednesday and ends on shrove Thursday. The traces from the official documents of such carnivals are noted before 1094 A.D. as the celebrations that took place before lent. However this tradition was introduced by the act of the senate of the republic of Venice in 1296 A.D. and this has become internationally famous and prestigious during 18th century. But at the end of the century, with French conquest of the Republic 1st in the Austrian occupation and later; the tradition of masks was forbidden and the festivities got survived only in some island of Lagoon. This gradually came back in 19th century and the tradition was restored in 1979, when the Italian government has decided to bring back the history and the culture of Venice.

People would mask themselves as historical characters such as Casanova who had indulged in Venice with wild parties and love affairs and characters tend to interpret comic adventures. Carnival lasts for a couple of weeks and the most important day is last Thursday. St. Mark’s square is found to be the centre of all happenings. A wooden stage would be set around there; and during the last Sunday and last Tuesday, the award will be presented to the best dressed and masked artisans. Every year a theme would be setup and the events would be presented according to it. The theme of art and tradition was followed in the year 2016.

The characters would mask themselves as traditional Venetian artisans. For instance ‘Bata’ is a 17th century character and the masking involves the wearing of white mask under black hat and black cloak. ‘Merrida muda‘ is represented with a dark velvet mask and is often weared by women. Thus the tradition of mask, colour and celebrations tends to attract the tourists. Venice becomes the manufacturer of masks and the parade of traditional 18th century style masks.

How Much Does India Invest In Olympic Athletes?

Postponed by a year due to the pandemic, the Tokyo Olympics is now less than a month away. Last week, the Union Sports Minister Kiren Rijiju urged the people to extend their support to India’s Olympic-bound athletes, the same way they back India’s cricketers. However, India’s abysmal performances at the Olympics is in striking contrast to India’s immense success at cricket. The model of sports governance and financial irregularities are often blamed for the lack of competitive edge in sports other than cricket. So, the most obvious question that comes to our mind is, how much does India invest in the Olympics?

Money allocated for Sports

In the 2020-21 annual budget, the Government of India allocated Rs 2826.92 crore for sports, which meant an increase of mere ₹ 50 crore from the revised estimates of the financial year 2019-20. The Modi government’s flagship sports programme ‘Khelo India’ received a substantial hike of ₹ 312.42 crore and was allocated ₹ 890.42 crore compared to ₹578 crore in 2019-20. On the other hand, the National Sports Development Fund saw a reduction of ₹ 27.15 crore from ₹77.15 crore in 2019-20 to ₹ 50 crore in 2020-21. National Sports Federations saw the highest decrease after Finance Minister allocated ₹ 245 crore, ₹ 55 crore less than the previous financial year, according to The Wire. Even the budget for meritorious sportspersons saw a 40% reduction from the last financial year. It is important to note that the 2020-21 annual budget was presented in January 2020, when the government had no idea of the coming pandemic. It was also supposed to be the year of the Tokyo Olympics.

Target Olympic Podium Scheme

While these are the broad schemes under which Indian sportspersons are funded, the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) provides financial assistance to potential Olympic medal winners. Launched in 2014, TOPS is the flagship programme of the Sports Ministry of India. The top-up funding scheme considers the performance of Indian athletes in the past three years. They are provided with personal coaches and other staff fees, cost of travel during competitions, purchase of equipment, and pocket allowance.

Looking Back At The Last Olympics

In the 2016 Rio Olympic, India spent ₹ 36.85 crore under TOPS, as per Financial Express. Nearly half of that amount was spent on shooting, which was India’s most successful Olympic sport in the previous three games. Shooting is also very expensive, which requires importing equipment from other countries. But shooting failed to bring any medal. Athletics received the second-highest funding of ₹ 7.80 crore in 2016, but India failed to make a mark in the sport. Unfortunately, out of the ₹ 36.85 crore, ₹30.49 crore had gone to disciplines that fell short of goals. Only 1.66 per cent of the total TOPS fund went to the fields that brought India two medals – PV Sindhu in Badminton and Sakshi Malik in wrestling.

Comparison With Other Countries

The United Kingdom allocated close to Rs 9000 crore on sports infrastructure and training in the annual sports budget, whereas India spent only one-third of the UK, Rs 3,200 crore, on youth affairs and sports, before 2016. The UK won 67 medals against India’s two at the Rio Games 2016. Abhinav Bindra had also tweeted back in 2016 that a medal cost UK 5.5 million pounds, and that is the kind of investment India needs to make. Otherwise, we cannot expect much. In the USA, a large number of athletes are privately funded. Individual athletes had started their own funding portal for donations from the general public. Therefore, only 10% of the US Olympic Committee’s finance was spent on athletes in Rio 2016, and the USA finished first. China, on the other hand, is known for its aggressive state-sponsored promotion of sports.

Private Investment In India

Before the 2016 Olympics, Indian Olympic Association (IOA) received donations from Reliance Jio, Amul, Tata Salt, Edelweiss Financial Services, Herbalife, Li Ning, and SBJ. Sakshi Malik had also thanked JSW Sport, a foundation funded by the OP Jindal group, after becoming India’s first medal winner in Rio Games, as reported by Hindustan Times.

However, unlike NSDF, where the contributions and sponsorships are open and documented, private funding to individual athletes is not. And most recently, the JSW Group has come on board to be the official sponsor of Team India in the Tokyo Olympics and has agreed to pledge sponsorship support of ₹ 1 crore to IOA. In 2018, the Sports Ministry earmarked ₹ 100 crore for funding of the athletes for the preparation of Tokyo Olympics 2020, which will take place this year. While the number of medals won cannot be equated to the investments made, since medals are not the only measure of success, India nonetheless needs to invest more and put in a new model of sports governance in action. A

Biomedical Wastes

Our environment is degrading day by day. India with its growing population is also keeping up with the waste generation.

Nowadays pollution is everywhere whether its air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, noise pollution, radioactive pollution and the pollution from E waste what not?

Biomedical Waste( BMW) is any waste produced during the diagnosis treatment or immunization of human or Animal Research activities retaining threat or in the production the testing of biological or in health camps.

Let the waste of the ‘sicks’, not ruin the life of the ‘healthy’

Common generator of Biomedical wastes are :-

  • Hospital
  • Emergency Medical Services
  • Medicinal Research Laboratories
  • offices of physician , dentist, veterinarians
  • home Health Care
  • funeral homes

From WHO stats 2000,the improper treatment of medical waste( primary use of infected needles and syringes) caused 21 million hepatitis B infection and 2, 60, 000 HIV infections worldwide.

During this pandemic situation, we have witnesses another huge list of Biomedical Waste generation in India. India generated over 18000 tons of covid-19 related biomedical waste in starting 4 months of this pandemic. This includes personal protective equipment (PPE), gloves, face mask, head cover, plastic coverall, hezmet suit and syringes among others.

Types of Biomedical Waste

Infectious waste

  • Suspected of containing pathogen in a sufficiently large quantity or concentration to result in disease in susceptible host.
  • Cultures and stock of infectious Agent from laboratory.
  • Waste from operation and autopsies on patient with infectious disease.
  • Waste having come into contact with infected hemodialysis patient.

Pathological waste

  • Infectious material containing dead tissue may conceal specially dangerous and communicable infectious Agent.
  • Include – blood, body fluid, tissues, organs, body parts, human foetus etc.
  • Subcategory of pathological waste is Anatomical waste.
    • Consist of identifiable human or animal body parts healthy or otherwise.

Radioactive waste

  • Waste generated during the different application of radioisotopes in biological research on medicine.
  • May contain infectious biological components from Anatomical, research or clinical sources.
  • By product of various nuclear Technology process.
  • Include-
    • Nuclear medicine
    • nuclear research
    • Nuclear power
    • Manufacturing
    • construction
    • Caol
    • Rare Earth mining
    • Nuclear weapon reprocessing

Pharmaceutical waste

  • Contaminated or expired drugs and vaccine as well as antibiotics and pills.
  • Result from many activities and location in health care facilities.
  • Small quantities at households can often be thrown away in the municipal waste stream.
  • But large quantities kept at pharmacies distribution Centre, Hospital etc. be managed to minimise the risk of release or to exposure to the public.

Genotoxic waste

  • Waste from drugs that are used in radiotherapy and units.
  • One of the type of hospital waste that are extremely dangerous and may cause cell mutation or cancer.
  • Cytotoxic drugs are main components.
  • Include –
    • Urine
    • Faeces
    • Vomit treated with Chemicals or cytotoxic drug.

Sharps

  • Object that are Sharp enough to cut or puncture the skin.
  • Transmit infections directly into the bloodstream.
  • Generally treated as highly hazardous medical waste regardless of whether they are contaminated or not.
  • Includes –
    • knife
    • Blades
    • Infusion set
    • Needles
    • Broken Glass
    • Nails
    • Scalpel

Chemical waste

  • Contain radioactive element poses particularly difficult problem of disposal.
  • Includes –
    • Heavy metal from Medical appliance
    • Disinfectant
    • Solvent
  • Difficulty in disposal are partly technical and partly political
    • The radioactive constituent that find their way into groundwater and surface water must be kept to exceedingly small amount for very long time.
    • Fear of mysterious effect of radiation, politician reluctant to consider disposal of radioactive waste in the area of their constituent.

Mawlynnong- India's pride

Located in the east Khasi hills 90 kilometers away from Shillong, in the state of meghalaya is this small village with around 600 inhabitants , which was acclaimed to be the cleanest village in India in 2005. In 2003, it was also acclaimed as the cleanest village in Asia. Known as “God’s own garden” , this small village has already made a big impact on the world by showing the world how the following of all the rules and living in harmony with the nature can help in making this world a beautiful place to co-exist.

How did Mawlynnong became the cleanest village

Back in 1887 when India was still under the British rule, Mawlynnong suffered from a devastating plague which the villagers believed to be the wrath of evil witches and didn’t knew what to do. According to history, Welsh Christian missionaries from Bangladesh were sent to help the people recover from the plague there. The missionnaries took care of the people and started to educate them. They also told them that the plague was not the result of wrath of evil witches, rather it was extreme uncleannliness in the village which caused that plague. The villagers then started to clean their houses as well as every nook and corner of the village . The tradition continues till date. Interestingly, villagers link the tradition of cleanliness to Christianity. They say it is the missionaries that changed their lives and taught them ways to reach God through cleanliness and since then they follow the religion of Christianity. This is the true model of how the superstitions if used positively can bring a large impact.

The villagers also decided to have drainpipes to efficiently remove the filth from their houses and now every single house has a proper and efficient drainage system.

The streets there have beautifully carved bamboo dustbins outside every house and in every public place. The villagers turn the wet compost from the domestic use into manure which they use to grow the vegetables and fruits. The village is a model of the adequate use of every resource available and the best example of recycle and reuse.

Other highlights of this wonderful village

Rain water harvesting is another feature of the village. When it rains, which is a verycommon thing in the state of Meghalaya people collect rainwater even in bottles. The base of the bottle is cut and the inverted bottle is then hanged at the place where it can capture rain drops. The mouth of the bottle is attached to a pipe which is then connected to the washroom and is used in toliets and to clean the floor.

Proper sanitization is another prominent feature here where every house has proper toilets and even the public toilets are healthily maintained.

Also, the village has a 100% literacy rate. Nelson Mandela once rightly said that EDUCATION IS THE ONLY WEAPON WHICH CAN BE USED TO CHANGE THE WORLD. Mawlynnong being the best example of this proverbial fact.

Last but not the least, The living root bridges are the classic feature of the place which also attracts a large number of tourists every year from across the globe. At a time , when humans talk about science and innovation here is an extra ordinary example of bio engineering made by humans in joint partnership with the nature. This man made root bridge was originally constructed by the villagers to cross the overflowing stream during monsoon by intertwining the thick roots of a variety of rubber tree (Ficus elastica), grown on the other side of the stream. The intertwined roots were then kept in a position over the stream such that it can be crossed. The roots were then covered by large rocks and mud to complete the path. Over the years , as the roots grew the bridge became stronger. Each day when any villager spot a new root merging , they immediately join it with the bridge and hence it continued to become strong and stay still bearing the heavy rains of the North Eastern Monsoon.

To see the bridge, one has to take a simple downward trek where the entry fee of Rs. 10 is taken from each visitor to see the bridge which is used for the village development.

How it manages cleanliness even today

Every day at a designated time no matter what the weather is , an appointed set of sweepers come and clean the nook and corner of the village which takes them around an hour. It is the dedication of the people and the fear that if they violate cleanliness even for a day, curse will fall upon them, is the thing which drives them to continuously strive hard to continue with the old age tradition even today.

A place like Mawlynnong which attracts a large number of tourists each year , the cleanliness and the sanitization is hard to maintain but they do it. Plastic bags, smoking and littering is completely banned in the area. Any violators are bound to pay a mandatory hefty fine and sometimes also serve the prison sentence.

It won’t be wrong to say that MAWLYNNONG IS THE TRUE MODEL OF AN IDEAL BEAUTIFUL PLACE which inspires us in so many ways. It tells us that every effort counts .

World Heritage

World heritages consist of all the heritage sites that were discovered around the world and the process of exploring and discovering never stops. Heritage is not only about discovering the monuments, civilizations etc but, it holds a special place from three perspective that is past, present, and future. Build in the past, heritage sites are of high value to study the history how people used to live, speciality of a civilization, discovery of unknown facts and so much more. At present research is done, the technology that we have today is advance that the scientist can easily study and preserve the rich heritage for many more years. In future, all the research and evidences the historic sites will turn ten times more valuable.


World heritage day

which is observed every year on 18th April , also known as world monuments and sites day, the purpose is to celebrate the rich heritage from around the world and create awareness about the same. As it is observed that many monuments and sites are need to be preserved from deterioration, we should not loose the heritage in the ongoing development process. Every year a theme is decided for World heritage day this year it was “Complex pasts: Diverse Future” .


ICOMOS
International Council on Monuments and sites is the main body who is also behind all the work that takes place. Pierro Gazallo is the founder of ICOMOS, he is known for working to restore and preserve heritage sites and monuments it was established in the year 1979. ICOMOS gave the suggestion to UNESCO (United National Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) which was approved in the 22nd general conference in 1983.
India
Some of the world heritage sites are Ajanta and Elora caves, western Ghats, Sundarbans national park, Nanda Devi, and valley of flowers, Chola temples etc.
World
Komodo national park (Indonesia), Lut desert (Iran), Meteora (Greece), town of Bamberg (Germany), Levuka Port town (Fiji), Angkor (Cambodia), Brasilia (Brazil), Rainforest of Atsinanana (Madagascar), Chitwan National Park (Nepal) etc.


Recently in news Liverpool lost its status of world heritage site, the reason was the massive construction that occurred around the place despite several warnings issued by UNESCO, the construction includes building complex, Moore Dock Stadium, and offices. The act of removal of a world heritage site is very rare and disgraceful for the country as they failed to protect a heritage site.
The heritage sites and monuments are chosen after the recommendation of ICOMOS and IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature) for natural sites.
However, UNESCO has laid down some criteria to declare a monument or site heritage which includes:
• a place represents genius human creativity
• A place that shows human interaction with nature and showcase culture.
• A place that illustrates significant stages of human history.
• A place that showcases earth’s history in any geographical form.
• A place with an exceptional cultural feature or tradition.
• A place that displays biological diversity and is valuable for conservation of nature or any species.
• A place of human settlement that shows use of natural resources to study the life of people.

Books- Our best companion

INTRODUCTION

Our best companies are books because they provide us with knowledge and comfort of mind.

Despite the fact that we have family and friends with whom we may discuss our opinions, we believe that books are the finest way to live a life full of wisdom and without explanation.

A book may be the one thing that one may read all day and leave all of their difficulties behind.

Photo by Mau00ebl BALLAND on Pexels.com

Although a book might provide us with knowledge, we should never expect us to remain obedient to the information provided. Books can also teach you about other facets of life.

Books are regarded for providing unbiased and reliable information. Books provide us with reliable research and information on a subject.

Like a wonderful buddy, good books approach our minds with knowledge and nice thoughts.

It is true that books are our best friends. Books will not abandon us in the face of adversity. They will be a terrific company for us at all times.

There are a lot of fantastic books out there that can help us modify our minds. To be motivated and inspired in our daily lives, we need a lot of good thoughts.

Learning new abilities by reading a book is a great approach to do so.

We can gain a comprehensive understanding of a subject. When we are feeling lonely, we can curl up with a nice book. I can assure you that you will begin to feel better. We must constantly avoid reading terrible novels.

A poor book can destroy your head and cause you to think negatively. That is why, before selecting a book, we should seek recommendations from friends or the internet.

Books can be expensive to purchase at times, but investing in a good book is well worth it. Money cannot be used to measure knowledge. That is why you should never stop purchasing books.

The public library has a lot of free books. If you like to read, you can also borrow books from your friends and elders. When you’re having a bad day and are feeling down, books can assist. Books can help you get out of a bind.

Photo by Leah Kelley on Pexels.com

We can learn many good things while reading a good book.

Books written by famous and experienced people helps us to become a better human being and also teach us how to serve the society in the best possible way.

When we are alone, we can always pick up a book and start reading to feel relax.

FAMOUS QUOTES

Good friends, good books, and a sleepy conscience: this is the ideal life.- Mark Twain

A great book should leave you with many experiences, and slightly exhausted at the end. You live several lives while reading.- William Styron

QUALITIES WE CAN LEARN FROM GOOD BOOKS

Being smart entails having a strong learning ability.

Brave: Willing to tackle challenges head on.

Nothing is impossible if you keep trying.

Demonstrate compassion by expressing positive thoughts toward people.

Don’t Insult Anyone: Be humble.

Always be grateful for what others have done for you.

Help others: Be a source of assistance to everyone.

Be Positive: Enjoy yourself in whatever you do.

Respect for people and their property is one of the most important moral values.

REFERENCES

http://www.vowelor.com

http://www.paragraphbuzz.com

Nutritive Tomatoes

Tomato is one of the common vegetables in our kitchen. Everywhere in the world You will be able to see tomato. Tomato is an edible berry type of vegetable and its binomial name is Solanumly copersicum. Its origin is western South America and Central America. Tomato is originally color in red but some types of tomato are color yellow, purple, green etc. It tastes sour or sweet or both in the sometime.

Colorful Tomatoes

Tomatoes Diversity

Various type of tomato:

  1. Cherry tomatoes: They are size of a cherry. They are sweet juicy and tender and looks so beautiful. They are mostly used in salad and snacks. They test sour more than sweet. It can be red, yellow, purple and other colors.
  2. Grape tomatoes: They are much smaller than Cherry tomatoes and very tasty. It is also used in salads, grilling, roasting, snacking. They are crispy and juicy.
  3. Red Beefsteak tomatoes: They are mild in taste, juicy and in medium size. They are good to make sauces and salad, grill and Salsa.
  4. Roma tomatoes: They are quite larger than Cherry tomatoes. They are Tangy, have few seeds and meaty. It is good to make sauce and sandwich.
  5. Green beef steak tomato: They are colour in bright light green and in large size and very Meaty. It tastes tangy, tarty. It is eaten as sauce salsa pickling or by juice.
  6. Heirloom tomatoes: They are in various colour like light red dark brown red yellow etc. They are Meaty, firm, tangy or sweets and with good textures. It is used in soup, sandwich and roasting purpose. These are not the only variety of tomatoes. There is also Cocktail tomato, tomatoes on the vine, Green tomato, plum tomato, yellow tomato, pear tomato, Brandywine tomatoes, Cherokee purple tomatoes, black krim tomato, celebrity tomato and many more.
  • Cherry tomatoes
  • Red Grape Tomatoes
  • Red Beefsteak tomatoes
  • Roma tomatoes
  • Green beef steak tomato
  • Heirloom tomatoes
  • Pear tomatoes
    Black Krim Tomato
    Plum Tomato
    Tomato on vines
    Yellow Tomatoes
    Tomato as Snakes

    How to eat: Tomato is a vegetable which can be eaten in both cooked and uncooked way. Tomato is a very important ingredient in salad. Tomato soup are very tasty and healthy. There is also other type of dishes are available and you all know about tomato sauce /ketch up which are very common and popular and it taste sweet and sour.

    Tomato soup
    Tomato Salad

    Nutrition value: According to USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) the nutrients present in 100-gram raw tomato is –

    1. Fat 0.2g with 0% daily value.
    2. No saturated fat is present.
    3. No cholesterol 5 mg sodium with 0% daily value.
    4.  237mg potassium with 6% daily value.
    5. 3.9 g carbohydrates with 1% daily value.
    6. 1.2g dietary fiber with 4% daily value.
    7. 2.6 gm of sugar.
    8.  0.9 gm of protein with 1% Daily value.
    9. 22% daily value of Vitamin C.
    10. 5% daily value of Vitamin B6.
    11. 1% daily value of calcium.
    12.  2% daily value of magnesium.
    13. 1% daily value of iron.
    14. Tomato does not contain any cholesterol, fat, vitamin D.
    15. Tomato contains 95% water.
    16. It gives away almost 18 Cal energy.
    17. Tomato is a very good source of vitamin C, fiber, Vitamin A.
    18. Tomato also contains folate(or vitamin B9),Vitamin K, and some antioxidants (Lycopene, beta carotene, chlorogenic acid, Naringenin) etc.
    Tomato for Health

    Health benefits:

    1. lycopene is an antioxidant which prevents the growth of Cancer cells in our body. Tomato contains good amount of lycopene. So, tomato fight against Cancer. Research says that risk chances of prostate cancer can be reduced by consuming tomato.
    2. Tomato is a very good source of vitamin C wards off the Common health disease like common cold, flu. So, tomato is very good vegetable for preventing these common health problems.
    3. Tomato is a healthy diet vegetable as it has very low amount of fat and cholesterol and helps to lose the body weight.
    4. As I have said before, Tomato has lots of Vitamin A. Vitamin A specially zeaxanthin and lutein (a form of Vitamin A) are important for our retina. So, tomato is very good for our eyesight.
    5. Tomato contains many antioxidants which improves our skin health and make our skin much glowing and protects from Sunburn.
    6. Lycopene, Vitamin A, Vitamin E and Vitamin C are good nutrients for our heart. Lycopene helps to reduce the bad LDL cholesterol in blood and thus it protects our heart from various heart health issue including heart attack.

    The Curious Case of D.B. Cooper

    What Happened?

    On the 24th of November, 1971, a nondescript man bought a ticket under the alias Dan Cooper (who later came to be known by his pseudonym, D.B. Cooper) for a Boeing 727 aircraft at Portland, Oregon bound for Seattle, Washington in the USA. Thus began one of the great unsolved mysteries in FBI history which puzzles people to this day.

    Cooper was a quiet man who appeared to be in his 40s, wearing a business suit with a black tie and white shirt. He settled down into his seat and ordered a bourbon and soda drink while waiting for the flight to take off. A while later, he handed the flight attendant a note informing her that he had a bomb in his suitcase, and that he wanted her to sit next to him. The flight attendant did as she was told and took the seat next to him. Cooper opened his suitcase, revealing a bunch of wires and red sticks, proving to the flight attendant that his suitcase did in fact comprise of a bomb.

    He then communicated his demands to the flight attendant and made her write them down. Cooper had demanded 4 parachutes and $200,000 in $20 bills on arrival at Sea-Tac Airport (Seattle). The flight attendant then notified the captain of the plane, who further communicated this information to the relevant authorities in Seattle. The police and ground forces in Seattle hurriedly assembled the money and parachutes to be delivered to Cooper. Meanwhile, the pilots were flying the aircraft in circles above Seattle Airport, with the fabricated excuse that there was some minor mechanical problem so they could not land safely. In reality, they were simply stalling for time as the money and parachutes were being brought in.

    After about 3.5 hours of delay, the flight landed in Seattle and Cooper’s requirements were met immediately. With the money and parachutes delivered, he dismissed the 36 passengers in the aircraft, as well as 2 of the 6 crew members. After this, the aircraft refuelled, and Cooper ordered the pilots to set a new course for Mexico City via Reno and Yuma. Following his orders, the plane took off for the said destination.

    While on course, on the first leg of the journey towards Reno, Cooper ordered all the remaining crew members to go and enter the cockpit of the plane. It was at this point of time that Cooper lowered the rear stairs of the airplane and jumped out of it wearing a parachute and carrying his $200,00 in ransom money. He had jumped at 8:00 p.m. straight into an ongoing thunderstorm and was never seen again, and his fate remains a mystery to this day. Although the most probable outcome is that he died, the possibility that he survived could not be ruled out due to lack of evidence of his death.

    Furthermore, his real identity also remains an eternal mystery. The only traces Cooper left behind were some cigarette butts, a hair on the headrest of his seat, and his clip-on necktie. However, no DNA samples could be drawn from these items. The case was taken up by the FBI, and their investigation went on for decades and came to be known as the ‘NORJACK’ (Northwest Hijacking) case.

    Conclusion to the Case

    The only significant lead on this case came in 1980, when an 8-year-old boy wandering the banks of the Columbia River came across a rotting package full of $20 dollar bills amounting to $5,800. The serial numbers on the bills found by the boy matched those on the bills of money given to Cooper during the time of the hijacking, and so the FBI continued their investigations.

    However, there were no more significant findings, and the FBI were not able to ascertain the real identity of D.B. Cooper even after following around 800 leads and questioning numerous suspects. Finally, in 2016, the FBI announced that it was giving up their investigations of this case and had decided to dedicate their resources to other cases.

    National Parents' Day 2021

    “We never know the love of a parent till we become parents ourselves.”

    – Henry Ward Beecher

    Introduction

    National Parents’ Day is celebrated on the fourth Sunday of the month of July, which this year is on July 25th. Mother’s and Father’s Day have been celebrated from 1900s but National Parents’ Day was only established in 1994.

    History

    National Parents’ Day came in existence in 1994 when President Bill Clinton signed a Congressional resolution that approved National Parents’ Day by law. The aim of this day is to recognize, uplift and support the role of parents in bringing up their children. Fourth Sunday of July was decided as Mother’s Day is in May and Father’s Day is in June so it makes sense to recognize and support both together in the next month.

    In United States of America, the holiday is celebrated with participation from citizens, educational institutions, federal and local governments, legislative bodies and organizations. Some activities and events are also planned for the same. There’s also a Parents’ Day Council which promotes the holiday by conducting ceremonies such as the Parent of the Year award.

    Parenthood

    Parenthood is said to be a difficult but a memorable job. Ask your parents about their experience as parents and you will hear a list of complaints about yourself but it will always end with a second list of good, happy and memorable times with you.

    Myths about Parenthood

    On this occasion, here is a list of myths about parenthood:

    1. You will spoil your baby if you pick them up whenever they cry

    Truth – during the first six months of the baby’s life, it is important to develop trust and picking him up when they cry is a way of doing so. After the first six months is the time to pull back a bit to teach the baby that they can survive.

    2. Sugar makes kids hyper

    Truth – Sugar is not the culprit, any food that affects the blood-sugar level will produce the same response. The way to mitigate this is by fiber, when some sugary treats do not have enough fiber, it tends to make the kids hyper.

    3. Strict parents raise well-behaved kids

    Truth – it is fine to have a set limit but it has to be done in a sensitive way or else it will make a very rigid child or an incredibly rebellious one.

    4. It is better to shield children from loss

    Truth – completely avoiding and acting like the loss hasn’t happened might be preventing the kid form building resilience which they will no doubt need in the later stage of their life.

    5. All kids are picky

    Truth – no, they are not, plus if you keep accommodating their pickiness, you are influencing it.

    6. Children should come first

    Truth – if you have decided to raise a kid, you need to be there for them and provide them with all necessities but that does not mean you can let your mental health slip away as that will then negatively affect your child. Taking care of yourself at the same time teaches your child the importance of self-care and still loving others.

    7. Parents shouldn’t fight in front of their children

    Truth – it is good to avoid a full blown fight in front of the kids but if you can control your anger and have an open dialogue to solve the issue in front of your kid, it will show them how to deal with disagreements.

    8. Parenting comes naturally

    Truth – you only become a parent when your baby arrives, it is not like you have special experience and training. You are also growing and developing as a parent as time passes. Parenthood isn’t something you learn once and you know everything, you are always growing and learning as a parent.

    Conclusion

    It is important to note that not every parent is as good and providing as the most, some are abusive, if you face this, you don’t have to feel guilty about not respecting or worshipping them. And for other people, if anyone ever opens up to you about having abusive parents, you should not tell them to be grateful about having parents and to respect them.

    Parents sacrifice their time and resources for their kids. Growing and taking care of a whole human is not an easy job, it is a continuous process and a tough one at that but it is as rewarding. For the to be parents, when you look at other parents, it might look like they’ve got it all figured out and that it is very scary but trust and believe in yourself. As kids, we should respect our parents for their efforts.

    References

    Karnam Malleswari – Torch-bearer for women in Olympics

    Karnam Malleswari is the first Indian woman to win a medal at the Olympics and first Indian woman weightlifter to win gold at the World Championships.

    Saikhom Mirabai Chanu made India proud by getting India’s first medal at Tokyo Olympics 2021. She won silver medal in weightlifting am being the first Indian lifter to do so. But, most of us realized now about first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal in 2000 (Sydney). She won Bronze medal in weightlifting in 2000. Let us remember Honorable Karnam Malleswari.

    Karnam Malleswari :-

    She was born on 1 June 1975, Voosavanipeta near Amadalavalasa, a hamlet in Andhra Pradesh. Her father Karnam Manohar was a college-level football player. She has four sisters. They are all well trained in weightlifting. It was her mother Shyamala, who encouraged and became her strength till the end Karnam Malleswari to pursue a dream. Her career started when she was 12. She was trained under coach Neelamshetty Appanna.

    I feel proud to have created this pathway for our girls and to see them winning Olympic medals. Some even tell me today, ‘Ma’am you started it all’, so I feel delighted to have changed the perception, and it still remains my endeavor.

    But Neelamshetty Appanna turned her away for being too weak and thin. Her mom encouraged her to keep going by training hard and proving herself that she can be whoever she wants to be. She was then noticed by Olympic and world champion Leonid Taranenko at a national camp ahead of 1990 Asian camp as a visitor since her sister Krishna Kumari, was selected for the camp. After testing her, he recommend her to the Bangalore Sports Institute.

    It was her time to start shining, she broke 9 records in junior national weightlifting championships in 1990; which was her first championship.

    Achievements:

    • Silver in her maiden senior national championship in 1990.
    • Bronze in her first weightlifting World Championships in 1993.
    • Gold in her next weightlifting World Championships in 1994, making her the first Indian woman weightlifter to win gold at the World Championships.
    • Silver at the 1994 Asian Games.
    • Malleswari won the world title in the 54 kg division in 1994 and 1995. Gold in World Championships in 1995.
    • Bronze in the World Championships in 1996. – Four consecutive medals in World Championships-
    • Silver at the 1998 Asian Games.
    • Bronze in the Olympics Game at Sydney in 2000.

    In 1997, she married a fellow weightlifter Rajesh Tyagi, and in 2001 gave birth to a son. She took a maternity leave in 2001. She went to The Olympics at Athens in 2004 but due to severe back injury, she couldn’t give her best. She had to retire after that.

    What is she doing now?

    She works as the Chief General Manager (General Administration) of Food Corporation of India; Yamunanagar, Haryana.

    Awards:

    1. Honored with Arujna Award in 1994.
    2. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna in 1999.
    3. Padma Shri Award in 1999.

    NEWS:

    On International Olympic Day 2021, the Delhi government appointed India’s first woman Olympic medal winner Karnam Malleshwari as the first vice-chancellor of Delhi Sports University.

    REFERENCES:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnam_Malleswari

    https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/karnam-malleswari-india-weightlifting

    Can Russia ‘Checkmate’ US in global market,with its new fighter jet SU-75 (checkmate)?

    On Saturday, last week in MAKS-2021 arms show, a new fighter jet nicknamed ‘Checkmate’ was unveiled in Moscow, in presence of Russian president Vladimir Putin.This MAKS arms show is a chance for Russian industry to introduce the public to the next generations of its flagship vehicles, as well as for smaller players to pitch their prototypes and concepts to prospective buyers.

    SU-75 (Checkmate) Specifications

    This jet by Rostec subsidiary United Aircraft Corporation comes With split angled tails, a narrow fuselage suggesting presence of one engine, and diamond shaped wings, it looks similiar to f-35. This jet can fly up to 1,500 kilometers in a single sortie, while loaded with weapons and payload. It is Capable of continuous supersonic flight at the speed of 1,180 miles per hour and can share data with other fighters in the air and it’s also hinted that it might have AI abilities and drone control abilities. It can engage upto 6 targets simultaneously on land,sea or air.

    Cost

    This aircraft would cost between $25 million to $30 million and Moscow expects demand from the Middle East, Asia Pacific region and Latin America. The cost is extremely low as compared to F-35, which comes at a price of over $75 million.

    Competition

    It will compete with likes of Swedish JAS-39E/F Gripen,the Dassault Rafale, the Lockheed Martin F-35. and the Shenyang J-35. This jet is expected to take to the skies in 2023, with first batch expected in 2026. Moscow plans to produce 300 units of the aircraft over 15 years once the production begins.

    Road ahead for this jet

    Russia is known for its fighter jets like Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (F-16 killer), Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 foxbat,
    Mikoyan MiG-29 (Fulcrum),Sukhoi SU-30. Countries like China, India, Egypt, Algeria,are the major buyers of Russian fighter jets. Russian jets are known for their ruggidity as compared with their US counterparts. Cold war is over long ago,but rivalry between Russia and US is still there and even in weapon market. Let’s see how many buyers this new hyped jet will attract in the global market.

    8 pieces of clinching evidence that show how IAF’s Abhinandan shot down a Pakistani F-16

    Can Russia 'Checkmate' US in global market,with its new fighter jet SU-75 (checkmate)?

    On Saturday, last week in MAKS-2021 arms show, a new fighter jet nicknamed ‘Checkmate’ was unveiled in Moscow, in presence of Russian president Vladimir Putin.This MAKS arms show is a chance for Russian industry to introduce the public to the next generations of its flagship vehicles, as well as for smaller players to pitch their prototypes and concepts to prospective buyers.

    SU-75 (Checkmate) Specifications

    This jet by Rostec subsidiary United Aircraft Corporation comes With split angled tails, a narrow fuselage suggesting presence of one engine, and diamond shaped wings, it looks similiar to f-35. This jet can fly up to 1,500 kilometers in a single sortie, while loaded with weapons and payload. It is Capable of continuous supersonic flight at the speed of 1,180 miles per hour and can share data with other fighters in the air and it’s also hinted that it might have AI abilities and drone control abilities. It can engage upto 6 targets simultaneously on land,sea or air.

    Cost

    This aircraft would cost between $25 million to $30 million and Moscow expects demand from the Middle East, Asia Pacific region and Latin America. The cost is extremely low as compared to F-35, which comes at a price of over $75 million.

    Competition

    It will compete with likes of Swedish JAS-39E/F Gripen,the Dassault Rafale, the Lockheed Martin F-35. and the Shenyang J-35. This jet is expected to take to the skies in 2023, with first batch expected in 2026. Moscow plans to produce 300 units of the aircraft over 15 years once the production begins.

    Road ahead for this jet

    Russia is known for its fighter jets like Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (F-16 killer), Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 foxbat,
    Mikoyan MiG-29 (Fulcrum),Sukhoi SU-30. Countries like China, India, Egypt, Algeria,are the major buyers of Russian fighter jets. Russian jets are known for their ruggidity as compared with their US counterparts. Cold war is over long ago,but rivalry between Russia and US is still there and even in weapon market. Let’s see how many buyers this new hyped jet will attract in the global market.

    8 pieces of clinching evidence that show how IAF’s Abhinandan shot down a Pakistani F-16

    JUSTIN BIEBER: The Pop Superstar

    2007-2008

    Justin Bieber’s mother begins uploading videos of him singing R&B covers to Youtube. Scooter Braun, a media proprietor, accidentally discovers him while searching for videos of another singer on the site, and convinces Beiber and his mother to sign with him and Usher. With Usher’s help, Bieber receives his first record deal.

    2009

    Beiber begins recording his debut album. His first single “One Time” peaks at No. 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 and goes platinum. In November, he releases his first project My World, an EP (Extended Play).

    2010

    Bieber releases his full-length debut album My World 2.0 shooting up to No.1 on Billboard, making him the youngest male solo artist to top the album charts since Stevie Wonder in 1963. The album’s single “Baby” breaks out as an international hit. Bieber begins dating Selena Gomez on and off.

    2011

    Bieber stars in a biopic and concert movie Justin Bieber: Never Say Never, which grosses nearly $100 million at the box office. In June, Forbes names him on their list of Best-Paid Celebrities Under 30 for the first time. The youngest person on the list at just 17, Bieber reportedly made $53 million in the 12 months prior to the list’s release. He releases two albums Under the Mistletoe and Believe.

    2012

    Believe hits No.1 album debut. Bieber moves away from teen pop sounds, taking on more contemporary pop and R&B notes.

    2013

    Embarks on a 10-week campaign called Music Mondays, dropping one song every week. His second film Justin Bieber’s Believe hits theatres.

    2014

    Bieber has several run-ins with the law involving DUI, vandalism, assualt, and reckless driving.

    2015

    Releases his fourth studio album Purpose to a No.1 album debut.

    2016

    Wins his first Grammy for Best Dance Recording with the song Where Are U Now.

    2017

    The Chines government bans him from performing in China, citing his past behaviour.

    2018

    Breaks up with Selena Gomez for the last time. Marries Hailey Baldwin.

    2019

    Launches his own streetwear label, Drew House. Announces his fifth album at Coachella.

    SHORT STORIES WITHIN NOVELS – PART 2

    As we already read about the secret to living happily from The Alchemist book by Paulo Coelho. Today we will look at two different stories from different books.

    THE KITE RUNNER BY KHALID HOSSEINI

    It was a dark little tale about a man who found a magic cup and learned that if he wept into the cup, his tears turned into pearls. But even though he had always been poor, he was a happy man and rarely shed a tear. So he found ways to make himself sad so that his tears could make him rich. As the pearls piled up, so did his greed grow. The story ended with the man sitting on a mountain of pearls, knife in hand, weeping helplessly into the cup with his beloved wife’s slain body in his arms.

    This story must give you goosebumps but, the real conclusion is when Amir the protagonist and the narrator of the book The Kite Runner wrote this story and shared it with his friend Hassan, who is a servant’s boy of Amir’s family. Hassan was shocked and impressed with Amir’s story but, he asked why he has to kill his own wife, instead of he can shed tears by cutting onions?

    MORAL: When you have to choose something… Choose wisely.

    VERONICA DECIDES TO DIE BY PAULO COELHO:

    Zedka started to narrate a story to Veronica.

    A powerful wizard, who wanted to destroy an entire kingdom, placed a magic potion in the well from which all the inhabitants drank. Whoever drank that water would go mad.

    The following morning, the whole population drank from the well and they all went mad, apart from the king and his family, who had a well set aside for them alone, which the magician had not managed to poison.
    The king was worried and tried to control the population by issuing a series of edicts governing security and public health.
    The policemen and inspectors, however, had also drunk the poisoned water, and they thought the king’s decisions were absurd and resolved to take no notice of them.

    When the inhabitants of the kingdom heard these decrees, they became convinced that the king had gone mad and was now giving nonsensical orders. They marched on the castle and called for his abdication.

    In despair the king prepared to step down from the throne, but the queen stopped him, saying:
    ‘Let us go and drink from the communal well. Then we will be the same as them.’

    The king and the queen drank the water of madness and immediately began talking nonsense.
    Their subjects repented at once; now that the king was displaying such wisdom, why not allow him to continue ruling the country?

    After drinking water from the poisonous well all became mad and equal. The country continued to live in peace although its inhabitants behaved very differently from those of its neighbors. And the king was able to govern until the end of his days.

    Zedka asked veronica: Do you know what exists outside beyond the walls of this asylum?

    Veronica said People who have all drunk from the same well.

    MORAL: Zedka and Veronica both are patients in the asylum. Through this story, Zedka symbolically tells that people think they are civilized and normal. But, when they encounter some strange people they started to divide the borders and make them as a patient.

    SHORT STORIES WITHIN NOVELS https://eduindex.org/2021/07/24/short-stories-within-novels/

    THE GOTHIC NOVEL https://eduindex.org/2021/07/21/the-gothic-novel/

    The Olympic flame in Tokyo is the first to be fueled by hydrogen.

    Naomi Osaka stands near the Olympic torch after igniting it during the opening ceremony of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, on Friday, July 23, 2021. (David J. Phillip/AP Photo)

    TOKYO (AP) — The Tokyo Olympic cauldron was inspired by the sun and is built to be more eco-friendly.

    Throughout the games, the flame at Tokyo’s National Stadium and another cauldron blazing along the waterfront at Tokyo Bay will be fueled in part by hydrogen, marking the first time the fuel source has been utilized to light an Olympic fire.

    Since the first contemporary cauldron was ignited at the Amsterdam Games in 1928, propane has been the most common fuel, but magnesium, gunpowder, resin, and olive oil have all been used. Eight years later, for Berlin, the torch relay was inaugurated.

    When hydrogen is burned, unlike propane, it does not create carbon dioxide. The Tokyo cauldron is fueled by hydrogen produced by a renewable-energy-powered facility in Fukushima Prefecture. During the torch relay, both propane and hydrogen were utilized.

    The London 2012 Olympic Games organizers boasted about their intentions for a low-carbon torch, but they couldn’t get the design perfect in time. Instead, they utilized a propane-butane mixture. In 2016, Brazilian officials ordered a smaller cauldron for Rio de Janeiro to minimize the quantity of fuel required.

    Oki Sato, a Canadian architect, created the Tokyo cauldron. His sun-inspired sphere opens like petals from a flower, evoking “vitality and hope,” according to the organizers.

    At 11:48 p.m., tennis player Naomi Osaka ignited the torch, with performers throughout the night clutching sunflowers, which are known for blossoming toward the sun.

    The first torch for these games was lighted 16 months ago at Olympia, Greece, however owing to the pandemic, the relay was put on hold for much of 2020. Until the relay was formally begun in Fukushima on March 25, 2021, officials displayed the torch across prefectures impacted by the earthquake and tsunami that destroyed the region in 2011.

    Before the torch arrived at the National Stadium in Tokyo’s Shinjuku City, several parts of the relay were halted owing to concerns about the spread of the coronavirus.