Day: June 13, 2020

BUSINESS FINANCES

Finance is a must for the smooth conduct of business operations. A business firm can raise funds from two main sources: Owned funds or owned capital and Borrowed funds or loaned capital. Insole proprietorship and partnership the funds contributed as capital are called owned funds. In a joint-stock company fundraised through the issue of shares and reinvestment of earnings (retained earnings) are the owned funds, borrowed funds refer to the borrowings of a business firm. In a company borrowed funds consist of finance raised from debenture holders, financial institutions, public deposits, and commercial banks. Finance can be classified in to:

1. LONG-TERM FINANCE

  Long-term finance can be defined as any financial instrument with a maturity exceeding one year (such as bank loans, bonds, leasing, and other forms of debt finance), and public and private equity instruments. Long-term finances are required for permanent investment in the business. It may be raised for more than five years. Long-term finance is required for investment in fixed assets like land and buildings, plant and machinery, furniture and fixtures, etc.

In a business house following are the main sources of long-term finance:

  1. Issue of shares
  2. Issue of debentures
  3. Ploughing back of profits/retained earnings
  4. Loans from specialized financial institutions

The amount of long-term funds required depends on the type of business and the investment required for fixed assets. For example, the manufacturing of steel, cement, chemicals involves heavy investments in buildings, machinery, and equipment. A small factory producing garments or a small workshop for repairing electrical goods will require a small investment in fixed assets. Traders generally require lesser amounts for long-term investment as compared with the requirements of manufactures.

-FROM WALLSTREETMOJO

2. MEDIUM-TERM FINANCE

Medium-term finance is required for a period ranging from 3 to 5 years. It is used for the modernization of plant and machinery, investment in permanent working capital, and for repayment of debts. The main sources of medium-term sources of finance are:

  1. Issue of debentures
  2. Issue of preference shares
  3. Bank loans
  4. Public deposits/fixed deposits
  5. Loans from financial institutions

Manufacturing and trading concerns require more working capital to pay wages and to finance the purchase of raw materials and goods.

3. SHORT-TERM FINANCE

The amount of such capital is required for a short period, say up to one year and as soon as goods are sold and funds are recovered, the amount is again used for current operations. Generally, production processes are completed within a year and goods are ready for sale. Hence short-term funds can be used over and over again from year- to year. Short-term funds are required for meeting day-to-day working capital needs. They raised for twelve months or so. The main sources of short-term finance are as follows:

  1. Bank credit
  2. Customer advances
  3. Trade credit
  4. Deferred incomes
  5. Installments credit

                 The requirements of short-term finance depend on:

  1. The nature of business undertaken
  2. The time gap between the commencement of production or purchase of goods and their sales
  3. The volume of business.

Trading firms normally require proportionately more of short-term capital than a long-term capital. Manufacturing concerns, on the other hand, need relatively smaller amounts of short-term capital as compared to long-term capital.

State of CHILD LABOUR in the world!

On the rising population there is also rise in demand of  family members related to commodities. Many of the family don’t even get 2 meals per day! there is lack of only one thing and that is money. It is said that

“Empty stomach can make you to do anything”

To fill the stomach people can do anything especially when they have family to feed. Now-a-days the crises and cruelty has increased drastically that alone 1 man cannot feed the all 4 members in the lower labour section. So, unwillingly all the family members had to work at the field and contribute some money towards family to sleep without an empty stomach at night.

a photo of a hardworking man
Photo by Tope A. Asokere on Pexels.com

There are many schemes released by government to stop the child labour like making primary education almost free for poor children along with mid-day meal to them so that they do not have to crave for the meals and keep focus on the study, they are also regularly checked by medical if there is any weakness in any of the student. National Child Labour Project (NCPL) is a central government branch which takes strict actions against child labour and works at the best to resist this act. According to UNICEF, India with the highest amount of population has also high number of child labour cases under the age of 14 and 1% of it i.e. approx 1,20,000 are forced to engage in hazardous jobs.

images

Image source: Jatinverma.org

Every year on the day of 12 June it is marked as Anti-Child labour day to draw the attention on the issue of child labour. Every year there is different themes on this day:

  • In 2020 the theme was “Protect children from child labour, now more than ever”.
  • In 2019 the theme was  “Children shouldn’t work in fields, but on dreams”.
  • In 2018 the theme was “Generation safe and Healthy”.
  • IN 2017 the theme was “In conflicts and disasters, protect children from child labour”.
  • In 2016 the theme was “End child labour in supply chains – It’s everyone’s business!”.
  • In 2015 the theme was “NO to child labour – YES to quality education!”.

Now the matter is not just to put it to one day and on a piece of paper, it’s a world wide conflict and has to be somehow resolved. Every year various types of acts and event are performed by students of schools, college and NGOs too, but this year digitally the message was forwarded as due to lockdown and pandemic situation rallies, etc cannot be held.

“Why had his mother gone to the trouble of bringing him into the world if the most exciting moment in his life was having been made lame by a bayonet?” -Félix J. Palma

Let us have some stats:

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Image source: Al Jazeera

Small Farmers’ Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) has responsibilty of formation of FPOs and e-NAM platform

Union Minister of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Rural Development & Panchayati Raj Shri Narendra Singh Tomar has said that Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has made revolutionary reforms in the field of agriculture including the important step of announcing the formation of 10 thousand Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs). The responsibility of completing this task lies with the Small Farmers’ Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC), which is also responsible for strengthening the e-NAM platform in the present circumstances. There has been considerable progress in institutional and private investments after the establishment of SFAC. 

Addressing the 24th Management Board and 19th Annual General Board meetings of the SFAC, Shri Tomar congratulated SFAC team for linking 1000 markets to e-NAM in two phases. He further said that the purpose of creating the platform should be accomplished. Business of more than Rs. I lakh crore has been transacted over the e-NAM platform till now. More than 1.66 crore farmers and more than 1.30 lakh businesses have been registered with e-NAM since its inception. Shri Tomar said that it is a challenge for us to ensure that as a result of reforms, there is ease in selling of produce, along with transparency, farmers get remunerative prices for their produce and they have direct access to this platform. Farmers have completed the harvesting work with great dedication even during the period of lockdown and earning is also now being completed successfully. SFAC must be congratulated for helping the farmers in this.

Shri Tomar said that previously SFAC used to form FPOs on the basis of existing schemes, but it is a matter of happiness today that Hon’ble Prime Minister has announced the formation of 10 thousand FPOs across the country which will give a boost to this task. FPOs must not only be formed but they they must also achieve their objectives. Their responsibilities increase in ensuring that farmers gather in groups, hold discussions and get trained, increase their production, diversify their crops, and discuss ways of decreasing use of pesticides etc. Hon’ble Prime Minister has set the target of doubling farmers’ incomes. In between the problem of COVID appeared yet the pace of Ministry of Agriculture and farmers has not slackened. Shri Narendra Singh Tomar appreciated that SFAC launched the Kisan Rath app with the help of officials of the Ministry of Agriculture which lessened the problem of transport of farm produce during lockdown. 

Himachal- Around the Next Bend

The Union Tourism Ministry’s “ Dekho Apna Desh”  webinar series on 11th June 2020 walked into its 31st session showcasing “Himachal- Around the next bend” focusing on the beautiful villages, mountains, pristine rivers, culture and heritage. Dekho Apna Desh Webinar Series is an effort to showcase India’s rich diversity under Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat programme. 

The session of the Dekho Apna Desh webinar series on 11th June, 2020 was moderated by Rupinder Brar, Additional Director General, Ministry of Tourism.  The session was presented by Frank Schlichtmann, Founder, The 4tables Project, Ankit Sood, Managing Host, Sunshine Himalayan Adventures and Michael & Devanshe Lidgley, Owners, Himalayan Orchard.   The three presenters virtualised and highlighted the unexplored destinations and unique cultural and heritage wealth of Himachal Pradesh.

Mr. Frank Schlichtmann started the session by highlighting an interesting Art village Called Gunehar, beautiful amalgamation of nature, streams, forest. Gunehar is located in the Kangra district. The idea behind this Art project in Gunehar is to develop conscious effort among the travellers to put focus on the village without affecting the place with too much crowding.  Gunehar is well connected by road, rail and air.  The valley has many small villages and Gunehar is the largest panchayat with just 3000 people.  People are largely Gaddis with a few Bara Bhangalis.  The settlement started a little 100 years ago.  Originally people of the village are shepherds but now many of them are farmers, some have shops and some work.  Villagers are grounded, have sense of dignity and knowledgeable.  4 tables project started in the year 2008 with good participation, followed by Art festival in 2013.  Art shops were developed, inviting the artists to come and work in empty spaces and present their art work which is attended by people from all walks of life.  The whole event is a joint venture with the artist, visitors and villagers.  The villagers call it Mela.  It has become a huge success and final week is organised as art festival with theatre, music, film screening etc.  Local cultural elements are well represented towards the closing ceremony of the Art festival. 

Mr.Ankit Sood took us virtually through the World Heritage Site Great Himalayan National Park located in the Kullu region.  Great Himalayan National Park is spread across four valleys-Sainj valley,  Jiwa Nal valley, Tirthan Valley and Parvati valley. The park protects over 1,000 plant species, including many medicinal herbs, 31 mammal species and 209 bird species, as well as amphibians, reptiles and insects. Four of GHNP’s mammal species and three of its bird species are globally threatened, including the musk deer and the western horned tragopan.

The third little known destination in Himachal Pradesh showcased by Michael & Devanshe Lidgley was that of  Kotkhai, a town in Shimla district.

• Kotkhai Palace is 800 years old and the royal family is still residing in the palace.

• Rukhla  village – An apple growing village.  A three hour hike from Rukhla takes you to the highest point where you can have a mesmerising 360 degree view of Greater Himalayas. The village is well known for its majestic flora and fauna including Black Bear, Barking Deer, Musk Deer, Langur, Leopards and Monal.

• Kiari temple- Kotkhai architecture wood and stone earthquake resistant

• Narayan temple- Rebuild based on original style.

• Naga cult-.Master of the underworld reigns over subterranean water sources linked to fertility.  Naag is the son of Bhuri Mata, a powerful Goddess worshipped in Himachal and sacrifice of sheep pleases him.  Songs are sung in Pahadi dialect.

• Apple farming

The Dekho Apna Desh Webinars are conducted in association with National e-Governance Division (NeGD) created by the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY).

The sessions of webinars are now available on the https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbzIbBmMvtvH7d6Zo_ZEHDA/featured and also on all social media handles of Ministry of Tourism, Government of India.   

The next episode of the webinar scheduled on, 13th June 2020 at 11.00 am, is titled Trekking in the Himalayas – Magical Experiences. Registrations https://bit.ly/HimalayasDAD 

Leading from the front-1

Being a true leader isn’t the easiest thing in the world, nor should it be the hardest. People can be born as a leader or made one. Irrespective of how you became a leader, the work you put in is important. 

Do you often feel that you are not the leader you aspire to be? If so, that can always be changed.


You are a leader. First of all, what does being a leader mean to you? As there are millions of leaders out there, having their own meaning for leadership, you have to come in terms with your own meaning. You really don’t have to have the same meaning as someone you dream to be. For example, most people would take in what someone who is successful believes in, like Bill Gates. Swallowing his or anyone else’s point of view will surely lead you to a good path but not the best. You have to remember what you believe in has a great impact on your life. Standing on your beliefs no matter how absurd others think it might be, is one of the most powerful things. (unless it is absolutely blundered you are good to go.) Do not forget that, before even Bill Gates became who he is today, he had to believe in things that people back then thought were reckless but later turned out to be inspiring. As a person or greater, as a leader, you always should have yourself to back you up. Our designer while creating us made sure no two humans are the same. So put that to use, Be unique.

    Having the power to stand on your beliefs and decisions is one of the most important things that you have to build when you are a leader because being a leader means you have a lot of people following you. You should be able to believe in yourself so that others can believe in you. Running a jurisdiction of your speciality or not, you should always be able to stand on your perspectives and respect others views too. As humans, we are prone to making mistakes, and it is obvious that what we believe in might not always be completely right, so we should keep in mind that we are obliged to be open to others’ comments and be able to separate the right from the pessimistic-wrong ones. Our motos could be updated, but it should never be changed due to ill-selfish needs. Leadership is something to be honoured. Being selfish and looking for only your benefit will only bite you back. Trust me when I say, being honest will only bring you good. No matter how good the other side looks, always know that you would never be true to yourself if you are dishonest.

The significance of myself stressing on the fact of being able to stand in your belief is that it is the backbone of being a true leader. Being apt to stand on your own, under any circumstance.



RESOURCES FOR PROGRAMMING

Before starting I would like to thank you for all your support and help please see my other articles about coding and how to learn it .Well, starting with computing becomes really tough, especially because nobody knows where to. As mentioned earlier, C++ may be a good start. it’s an honest language with various applications, and is accepted in most programming contests. Python is another good language for beginners, but its easy and possesses its demerits as a primary language(you will find it tough to maneuver to C++ if you recognize Python as your maternal language , whereas learning Python after C++ is trivial).
1. Find a course on C++.Start with Bucky’s C++ tutorials. they’re easy to know and to the purpose . If you watch and practice 2-3 videos each day , then you’ll easily finish it in 1 month. confirm you implement everything taught either on Ideone or on your Computer’s IDE. the primary video during this series explains the way to install and use it. Follow the instructions well, and there wouldn’t be any issues. Don’t move to subsequent video without understanding and practicing the previous one on your own.
Another great website is www.learncpp.com.
2. Have a revision toolAfter completing the above tutorial, you ought to have an honest revision tool. It are often a book, a website, an app, etc. Books have both theory and questions in them, hence they’re more useful. you’ll start with this very famous book called allow us to C++. it’ll prove very beneficial after you’ve got done Bucky’s tutorials.
You can also use this app Sololearn, which is beneficial if you would like to catch up the syntax of any language.
3. Get a practice sourceThere are tonnes of internet sites out there which contain questions for practice. an honest one is SPOJ. Solve them within the order of decreasing number of users(click on the users tab to rearrange in decreasing number of users order). this will be done while reading the book(step 2). After you’re thorough with it, you’ll move to the classical section and again arrange and solve. These are very nice problems which they’re very useful for developing good coding skills.
There are many other sites like CodeChef, HackerRank, CodeForces, HackerEarth, etc. SPOJ may be a excellent spot to start out because it requires brooding about the matter from scratch with none precoded stuff.
4. determine the way to use the online to unravel your problemsThere tons of resources online. Learn to google well and use few keywords. once you see a compilation error, paste the exception type on search bar. you’ll definitely find an answer on StackOverflow. Similarly, if you can’t solve say problem ID 3458, then google SPOJ 3458. most likely you’ll get a solution . this is often a really important tip for aspiring programmers.Like this text and provides your feedback it’ll be highly appreciated and share the article together with your friends. Also check the previous article on the way to start with coding. And my other article on data science