Second Film on Sushant Singh Rajput’s Life to be Titled ‘Sushant’, by Sanoj Mishra

Sushant Singh Rajput’s Life Story Inspires a Second Film ‘Sushant’ by Sanoj Mishra

Actor Sushant Singh Rajput’s death has led to debates and discussions around the existence of nepotism, favouritism, lobbying, camps in Bollywood. It’s been more than a week and two films are already in the plan related to Sushant. Earlier, director Shamik Maulik shared his idea of making a film on Sushant’s life titled Suicide or Murder: A Star Was Lost. It is based on how actors with no film background are treated by the industry when they try to make their career in the movie world. Also Read – Sushant Singh Rajput’s Demise: Ranvir Shorey Speaks on Nepotism, Godfathers And Award Shows in Bollywood

After Shamik Maulik, Sanoj Mishra has announced his film and titled it Sushant. The director wants to frame the late actor’s journey in a film. Also Read – OPINION | Fans’ Cringeworthy Reactions to 16-Year-Old TikTok Star Siya Kakkar’s Death by Suicide Brings us to Square One of Mental Health discussion.

Sanoj Mishra, who is known for films such as Srinagar, Nawab, Lafange, Gandhigiri, revealed in a statement made to a news publication that film Sushant will tell the story of people pushed to take drastic measures due to the struggle and the harassments in the industry. Also Read – Dil Bechara: Mukesh Chhabra Misses Sushant Singh Rajput, Says ‘Can Visualise You With Your Beautiful Smile’

According to reports, the film is being bankrolled by Road Production and Sanoj’s own production. The location of the film will be Bihar and Mumbai.

Meanwhile, Sushant’s close friend and producer Sandip Ssingh shared a poster for his directorial debut Vande Bharatam, which had Sushant in the lead. In an Instagram post, Sandip wrote, “You made me a promise. We, the Bihari brothers, will one day rule this industry and be the inspiration/support system for all young dreamers like you and me bhai. You promised me that my directorial debut will be with you. Raaj Shaandilyaa wrote this and we were to produce this together. I need your belief, that faith you showed, that was my strength. Now, with you gone…I’m lost…but I promise you this my brother. Now tell me how do I fulfil this dream? Who will hold my hand like you did? Who will give me the power of SSR, my brother?”

Record recoveries in India,  highest new cases in 24 hours

Total coronavirus cases in India crossed 4.9 lakh

The number of active coronavirus cases in India stands at 189463 while 285636 people have recovered

The death toll has risen to 15,301

The total number of coronavirus cases in India jumped to 4,90,401 after 17,296 new cases were reported in 24 hours. This is the highest number of new cases reported in 24 hours. According to health ministry’s numbers released today morning, the number of active cases stands at 1,89,463 while 2,85,636 people have recovered and one patient has migrated. A record total of 13,940 COVID-19 patients were declared cured in a single day. The recovery rate has improved to 58.24%.

Covid-related deaths rose to 15,301 after 407 fatalities were reported in 24 hours.

Coronavirus testing facilities have been ramped up across the country with 1,007 diagnostic labs currently offering covid diagnostic facilities, the government said.

Medical research body ICMR has said that a total of 77.76 lakh samples have been tested up to June 25. And on Thursday over 2.15 lakh samples were tested.

According to figures released by the government on Thursday, coronavirus cases per lakh in India stand at 33.39 against the world’s average of 120.21 cases/lakh. Also, death/lakh in the country is currently amongst the lowest in the world with 1.06 deaths/lakh against the world average of 6.24 deaths/lakh, the government said.

A team from Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare will visit Gujarat, Maharashtra and Telangana this weekend to interact with the state officials and coordinate with them to strengthen ongoing efforts for management of Covid-19.

Maharashtra, the worst affected state, has reported over 1,47,741 cases and 6,931 fatalities. Among other states, Delhi has reported 73,780 cases, Tamil Nadu 70,977 and Gujarat 29,520.

Globally, total coronavirus cases moved past 95 lakh while the death toll has crossed 4.8 lakh. US on Thursday reported record number of 37,000 cases in a day, taking its overall count to over 24 lakh. The country has reported over 1.24 lakh coronavirus-related fatalities.

 

Pros of mobile phones for students !

The device which you are holding right now in your hand for reading this article has changed the world. It is not only providing us with a calling facility but also something much more. Mobile phones have changed the pattern of study for students. The time when we found knowledge between the pages of books has gone now. The mobile phone has diversified the area of knowledge. In this article, we have enlisted some of the advantages of mobile phone for students.

Now let us discuss how the mobile phone has changed the lives of students. What are the advantages of the same.

  • Great source of knowledge

Whenever you got confused and you don’t get a clear idea of some topic, then at that time the mobile phone will be of great use for you. You can search for that particular topic and can get a mirror image of the topic. It also provides knowledge regarding similar topics.

  • Helps to be prompt and punctual 

The mobile phone helps in managing the data. You can manage and make notes regarding important things. Then you will not going to miss something really important. You can also set alarms with a title so that on time you get reminders for the things, that will help you to be punctual and be available on time for your things.

  • Helps in Navigation and Finding Place

Mobile phones now come with a feature known as GPS  which helps to track your location. It is very helpful for navigation purposes too. If sometimes student got stuck anywhere, at that time having a mobile phone in their hand will be bliss. They can use google map to know their exact location. Then they can inform their parents about their location and can easily reach to their places. You can also share your location with your parents so that they can know where you are.

  • Help in learning left topics

Sometimes the situation arises when students are not able to attend the classes. So if at that time teacher has taught something really important then what to do? There is nothing to worry about this. You can simply google out the topic and can get a full explanation for the same. And Yes one more thing there is not only one option or site for the topic, but there are many sites you can access according to your requirement for the same topic written by various experts.

  • Great source of entertainment

Whenever students feel bored or get tired of studying for hours and hours, at that time they can listen to their favourite music, or watch movies sitting at home itself in their mobile phone. This will help them to get rid of boredom and feel fresh. Students can also read novels or even listen to audible stories whenever they get the time or they need some relaxation. There are various apps available such as Kindle, Wattpad, Novel cat, Aldiko, etc. They can access to these apps easily. This will not only help them to overcome boredom but also help them in learning something new.

  • Introduce you to the various social media platform

Facebook, Tweeter, Instagram and many more social media platforms are available now on play store where students can make their account and get connected to more number of peoples, friends, family members which are far away. They can post their activities and can see other activities too. They can also get the latest news of Hollywood, Bollywood, and their favourite celebrities.

  • Helps in Collecting proofs

Whenever students find something black lentils or they feel some types of exploitation done to them by a teacher such as when they think teacher do favouritism to students who are taking coachings from them, and not giving deserving marks to other students. Then, they can record this and show it to a higher authority and save themselves from favouritism. Or if they feel exploitation or being bullying from other students then they can record the incident and collect evidence regarding the matter in their mobile phones and can help in catching the culprit red-handed.

  • Provides Various Apps for learning

Nowadays, there are hundreds of learning apps available on mobile phones for every standard students. They can use them in free for learning, various courses are available which helps in their skill development. They can also use a mobile phone in time when they are not having books with them. So, they can use these apps to get their course-related topics cleared. This will also save their time to wait for the books.

  • Capture the moment

Students can capture their significant and sizzling moments in their mobile phones. Students who have an interest in photography, and purchasing any professional camera is not possible for them at that time they can use their mobile phones for their passion.

  • Helps in building a bright future

Mobile phones can be used in various ways and for various purposes by the students. But everything is useless until we use it for some useful purpose. There are various apps available such as LinkedIn, Internshala, freelancer, etc. Nowadays, world is on the way of digitalization. There are various types of jobs and internships available for students on these apps. They can grab them and add something useful to their CV and to their life as well.

  • Dictionary: Improve your Vocabulary

Carrying Huge dictionary everywhere with you is really a tough task. So, now they need of lifting it is over. The mobile phone provides you with various types of offline and online dictionary such as Oxford online and offline dictionary, V-Dictionary, Color Dict dictionary, Concise Oxford Dictionary by, where you can find the meaning of each and every word you are stuck at.

  • Storage of Data

The best use of the mobile phone is that you can store huge amount of data in it. Students who want to learn something new, they can download the matter and various pdfs, documents, about the same topic and they can even take notes from their friends and teacher through WhatsApp. This will prevent making any hard copies of the topic. You can even store data for a long time and even can keep it till you don’t want to erase it.

  • Easy Money Transfer

Mobile phones are primarily used for online transactions nowadays. People sitting at home can easily transfer and receive money to someone else in just some quick steps. Students who are living away from home can use these applications such as google pay, phone pay, pay pal, Paytm and many more to receive money from their parents to submit free or for their basic expenses.

  • Online Shopping

Students can use various online shopping apps such as Amazon, Flipkart, Myntra, Nykaa, etc to get their desired and essential products at their doorsteps. This will save their time and they don’t have to roam here and there to grab things.Advertisements

Can People Spread the Coronavirus If They Don’t Have Symptoms? 5 Questions

Screening for symptoms of COVID-19 and self-quarantine are good at preventing sick people from spreading the coronavirus. But more and more evidence is suggesting that people without symptoms are spreading the virus too. Monica Gandhi, an infectious diseases physician and researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, explains what is known about asymptomatic spread and why she thinks it may be a big part of what is driving the pandemic.

What does it mean to be asymptomatic?

 

SARS-CoV-2 – the virus that causes COVID-19 – can produce a range of clinical manifestations.Some people who are infected never develop any symptoms at all. These patients are considered true asymptomatic cases.

When people do get sick from the coronavirus, it takes on average five days and as many as two weeks to develop symptoms that can range from very mild to extremely dangerous. The time between initial infection and the first symptoms is called the pre-symptomatic phase. As an infectious disease physician, when I hear about asymptomatic spread of SARS-CoV-2, I think of a person who doesn’t have symptoms at the moment they give the virus to someone else. It doesn’t matter whether they are a true asymptomatic case or just pre-symptomatic; the public health risk is the same.

How many people are asymptomatic?

Estimates of the proportion of true asymptomatic cases – those who are infected and never develop symptoms – range from 18% to over 80%. The reasons for the huge range in estimates are still unclear, but some studies are better than others.

The most accurate way to determine the rate of asymptomatic cases is to test people regardless of whether or not they have symptoms – an approach called universal mass testing – and track them over time to see if they develop symptoms later. A recent mass testing campaign in San Francisco found that 53% of infected patients were asymptomatic when first tested and 42% stayed asymptomatic over the next two weeks. Another recent paper compared the evidence from 16 studies and estimated the overall rate of asymptomatic infection to be 40%-45%. This is in line with the San Francisco finding, but the studies sampled were of various quality and size and likely include some pre-symptomatic cases. Though none of these studies is perfect, a lot of evidence supports a true asymptomatic rate of around 40%, plus some addition fraction of patients who are pre-symptomatic.

How can asymptomatic people spread the coronavirus?

Compared to most other viral infections, SARS-CoV-2 produces an unusually high level of viral particles in the upper respiratory tract – specifically the nose and mouth. When those viral particles escape into the environment, that is called viral shedding.

Researchers have found that pre-symptomatic people shed the virus at an extremely high rate, similar to the seasonal flu. But people with the flu don’t normally shed virus until they have symptoms.

The location of the shedding is also important. SARS-CoV – the virus that caused the SARS epidemic in 2003 – does not shed very much from the nose and mouth. It replicates deep in the lungs. Since SARS-CoV-2 is present in high numbers in a person’s nose and mouth, it is that much easier for the virus to escape into the environment.

When people cough or talk, they spray droplets of saliva and mucus into the air. Since SARS-CoV-2 sheds so heavily in the nose and mouth, these droplets are likely how people without symptoms are spreading the virus.

 

How much asymptomatic spread is happening?

 

Public health experts don’t know exactly how much spread is caused by asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic patients. But there are some telling hints that it is a major driver of this pandemic. An early modeling estimate suggested that 80% of infections could be attributed to spread from undocumented cases. Presumably the undocumented patients were asymptomatic or had only extremely mild symptoms. Though interesting, the researchers made a lot of assumptions in that model so it is hard to judge the accuracy of that prediction.

A study looking at outbreaks in Ningbo, China, found that people without symptoms spread the virus as easily as those with symptoms. If half of all infected people are without symptoms at any point in time, and those people can transmit SARS-CoV-2 as easily as symptomatic patients, it is safe to assume a huge percentage of spread comes from people without symptoms.

Even without knowing the exact numbers, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention believes that transmission from people without symptoms is a major contributor to the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 around the world.

 

What can we do to limit asymptomatic spread?

 

Any time a virus can be spread by people without symptoms, you have to turn to preventative measures. Social distancing measures and lockdowns work, but have large economic and social repercussions. These were necessary when epidemiologists didn’t know how the virus was spreading, but now we know it sheds at high quantities from the upper respiratory tract.

This means that universal mask wearing is best tool to limit transmission, and there is evidence to back that idea up.

On April 3, the CDC recommended that all members of the public wear facial coverings when outside of the house and around others. The World Health Organization finally followed suit and recommended universal public masking on June 5.

At this point, no one knows exactly how many cases of COVID-19 are from asymptomatic spread. But I and many other infectious diseases researchers are convinced that it is playing a major role in this pandemic. Wearing a mask and practicing social distancing can prevent asymptomatic spread and help reduce the harm from this dangerous virus until we get a vaccine.

This article is republished from The Conversation.

CBSE Evaluation Criteria for 10th 12th Result 2020 released – Explained, how marks would be calculated

CBSE Evaluation Criteria has been released for CBSE 10th 12th Results 2020. Result for all students would be released. Here is how the marks would be calculated for the papers that were cancelled.

Central Board of Secondary Education, CBSE has submitted the assessment and evaluation criteria for the cancelled 10th 12h board examinations. The board would be awarding the students based on the papers they have attempted. For the students who have not attempted a minimum of 3 papers (especially students of North East Delhi) the results would be based on internal evaluation. Check complete notice and details here.

For students whose all papers were complete, the marks would be declared basis the performance in the examination For students of classes 10 and 12 who have appeared in more than 3 subjects, the marks for the pending subject would be based on the average marks obtained in the best three subjects For students who have appeared only for 3 subjects, average marks on the basis of the three attempted subjects would be used for determining the marks of the pending exams that were cancelled For the Class 12 students whose only 1 or 2 papers could be conducted (true for students from North East Delhi), their results would be declared basis the performance in the appeared subjects as well as the performance in the internal/practical/project assignment. These students would have an option to appear for the examination at a later date. The results of all such students, however, would be announced along with the results of all the students.

For CBSE Class 10 students (barring students from North East Delhi), all core exams of 5 subjects were completed. The CBSE Class 10 results of the students, hence would be basis the performance in the examinations attempted. All the other examinations were cancelled this year and as such the board would not be grading students on those papers.

Results would be declared by the board by July 15, 2020 for all CBSE Class 12 students, irrespective of the number of subjects students had appeared for, so as to facilitate the admissions to higher educational instituted. Marks and option to appear for the examinations at the later date would depend on the way their result is calculated.

Students who appeared for all their papers

Most of the students of CBSE Class 12 had already appeared for the papers they had opted for. For all such students, the marks would be awarded basis the performance in the examinations attempted. All such students would not get an option to appear for the examination at a later date. Their results would be binding.

Students who appeared three or more papers and 1 or 2 subjects were pending

For such students, the board would be awarding students as per the average of the best three performed subjects. For instance, say a student appeared for English, Maths, Accountancy and Economics and the Business Studies paper was pending. Now, the student scored (out of 100), 75 in English, 45 in Maths, 85 in Accountancy and 90 in Economics, then the student’s marks in English, Accountancy and Economics would be considered for calculating the average marks in Business Studies. All such students would have an option of appearing for the board exam for the subject that was cancelled when it is conducted by CBSE at a later date. Students can also choose to accept the average marks awarded by the board. However, should the student choose to opt for and appear in the examination at the later date, the marks thus obtained by the students in the examination would be considered final (even if they are less than the average score that was awarded).

Students who appeared for only three other papers

For all such students, the marks would be awarded on the basis of the average score of the three subjects appeared for by the student. For example, say the students appeared for English, Physics and Chemistry and secured (out of 100) 75, 80 and 80 marks respectively, the marks for the remaining two subjects would be given on the basis of the average of these three subjects. All such students too would have an option of appearing for the cancelled papers at the later date. Again, should the students opt to appear for the examination at the later date, the marks thus obtained would be considered final – irrespective.

Students who appeared for only 1 or 2 papers (Students from North East Delhi)

For such students, the marks would be a combination of the average of the performance in the subjects the students appeared in as well as their performance in internal assessment (practical, project, etc.). These students too would be allowed to appear for the examination at a later date to improve their performance.

IMPORTANT TO NOTE

No exams for Class 10 students would be conducted. The results thus calculated and released would be finale. CBSE Class 12 students would have an option to appear for the exams whose marks were awarded based on averages as detailed above. In such a case, the performance in the paper appeared would be considered. CBSE has not shared when the students need to share their choice for optional.It can be assumed the CBSE may provide the students the option to appear for the examination once the results are declared.

CBSE Class 10, 12 Board Exams 2020 which were scheduled for July have been cancelled. The board presented the evaluation criteria to the Supreme Court, which has in turn accepted and allowed CBSE to release the same. The notification detailed above would be released on cbse.nic.in by end of day today. ICSE Board, too, decided to cancel the pending exams. The evaluation criteria, as per CISCE Counsel, would be slightly difference from CBSE and students may be given an option too. The evaluation criteria of ICSE board would be released in a weeks’ time.

By :- Kanika

CBSE 2020 results date: CBSE class 10 and Class 12 board exam results announced; read here

The Central government on Friday told the Supreme Court that the results of CBSE and ICSE board exams of Class X and XII will be declared around mid July

The Centre on Friday told the Supreme Court that the results of CBSE and ICSE board exams of Class X and XII will be declared by July 15. The Top court also permitted CBSE to go ahead with its assessment scheme to award marks to students for cancelled exams.

Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, appearing for the Centre and the CBSE, said that the assessment scheme will consider marks achieved by students in last three papers of board exams.

According to Exam Controller Sanyam Bhardwaj, the exams which were pending due to the COVID-19 situation have been cancelled.

‘Class 12 students will get an option’

“Results will now be declared following an alternate assessment scheme. Class 12 students will get an option to appear for exams later to improve their score. However, for students who chose for sit for exams, their marks in the exams will be treated as the final score,” Bhardwaj said in an official notification.

“Class 10 students will not get the chance to appear for improvement exam. Their result declared by the board shall be treated final,” he added.

The CBSE on Thursday had informed the top court that the Board has decided to cancel the remaining Class X and XII board examinations in light of the rising number of COVID cases across the country.

‘Conducive time’ will be decided by the Centre General Tushar Mehta told the Supreme Court that for now, the exams that were scheduled from July 1 to July 15 have been cancelled and will be conducted at a conducive time for Class XII students. The ‘conducive time’ will be decided by the Centre’

ICSE board told the Supreme Court that they too were agreeable with the CBSE decision to cancel the board exams for students of Classes X and XII. The state of Maharashtra, on behalf of ICSE, had earlier informed the Bombay HC that they will be unable to conduct the exams for the students this year.

ICSE has however clarified to the Supreme Court that they will not be providing any student with an option to appear for the exam at a later date and the results for all students in Class X and XII for the ICSE board will be declared on the basis of their marks in the internal assessment.

The CBSE class XII exams had started on February 15 and were to conclude on April 3. The class X exams had started on February 21 and were to end on March 29. However, the nationwide lockdown to contain the spread of the coronavirus (COIVD-19) pandemic came into force from March 25.

No exams for students of all UNIVERSITIES

 

Union HRD Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ has asked the University Grants Commission (UGC) to revisit the guidelines issued earlier for intermediate and terminal semester examination, and the academic calendar

Exams for final year students in universities and higher education institutions which were to be held in July are likely to be cancelled in view of the spike in COVID-19 cases, and the commencement of the new session is likely to be deferred to October, according to officials.

Union HRD Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ has asked the University Grants Commission (UGC) to revisit the guidelines issued earlier for intermediate and terminal semester examination, and the academic calendar.

According to officials, a panel, set up by UGC and headed by Haryana University vice-chancellor R C Kuhad, has been asked to revisit the guidelines and come up with alternative options. The revised guidelines are expected to be announced by the higher education regulator within a week’s time.

“The ministry has made it clear that the foundation for revisited guidelines shall be the health and safety of students, teachers staff. The expert committee is of the view that the examinations due in July in most universities as per the revised academic calendar be cancelled and marks for final examination be awarded based on the past performance of each student.

“Students who are not happy with the final marks being given to them based on previous examinations, can be given a chance to improvise their scores by taking examinations later when the pandemic subsides,” a senior official said.

“Similarly, the commencement of the new academic session, which was earlier planned for already enrolled students from August and freshers from September, is also likely to be deferred to October. The deliberations are on and final guidelines in this regard will be announced soon. However, any guidelines framed will be subject to review depending upon the COVID-19 situation,” the official added.

Universities and schools across the country have been closed since March 16 when the central government announced a countrywide classroom shutdown as one of the measures to contain the COVID-19 outbreak.

A nationwide lockdown was announced on March 24, which came into effect the next day. While the government has eased several restrictions, schools and colleges continue to remain closed.

The UGC had in April formed two committees to deliberate on issues arising due to the lockdown to avoid academic loss and take appropriate measures for the future of students.

One of the committees, led by Haryana University Vice-Chancellor R C Kuhad, was tasked with looking into ways of conducting exams in universities amid the lockdown and work on an alternate academic calendar.

The second committee, formed to suggest measures to improve online education, was led by Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) Vice-Chancellor Nageshwar Rao.

Based on the recommendations of the two panels, the HRD Ministry had on April 29 announced the guidelines recommending the exams for final semester students be conducted in July.

The commission had said that the universities may decide whether to conduct exams online or offline keeping in view the support system available with them and ensuring a fair opportunity to all students.

The UGC had recommended that intermediate semester students may either be evaluated on the basis of internal assessment or in states where the COVID-19 situation has normalised, exams be conducted in July only.

The commission had also said the new academic session for freshers may begin in universities from September and for already enrolled students in August while the admission process may begin in universities from August 1

However, due to spike in coronavirus cases, various states recommended cancellation of final year exams. A few states like Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh have already announced their plans in this regard.

The cancellation is also likely to put to rest the standoff between DU administration and students and a section of teachers over the university’s decision to conduct Open Book Examination (OBE) online for final year students. PTI GJS GJS NSD NSD

 

 

Space Race vs Space Rage : What is the Reality of World’s Space Exploration Program ???????

Unbeknownst to a world still reeling from the atomic catastrophe of Hiroshima, and under the crafty guise of a “peaceful nuclear explosion”, India detonated it’s first Weapon of Mass Destruction at the infamous Pokhran test range in 1974, carving for itself an irrevocable position in a community of toffee-nosed, nuclear-armed governments. The diplomatic furore that followed this tectonic shift would resound in the international nuclear coterie for decades to come, and incense totalitarian American administrations committed to crippling India’s self-defence programmes. Even the most imperious sanctions and underhanded espionage, however, could not muffle a nation of determined democracy, that tested it’s most triumphant space-technology yesterday – The GSLV Mk-III.

On June 5th, 2017, after more than 200 tests in 2 years, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched into orbit a three-tonne payload on a home-grown rocket of the class developed by only 5 others – Russia, China, Japan, the European Space Agency, and the United States. The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark-III (GSLV Mk-III) weighs 640 tonnes – as much as 200 fully grown elephants – and carries upto 10 tonnes to be delivered into orbit. It is a 140 foot-tall, three-stage, game-changing Launch Vehicle with a cryogenic engine, developed almost entirely using Indian components, and capable at long last of sending manned crews into space.

Credit : Third Party Reference

The Command Centre and Launchpad at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, witnessed a turning point in the global space-race yesterday with the success of India’s GSLV Mk-III, placing the country at the heart of a space-industry valued at nearly $350 billion. Dependent on foreign agencies to launch satellites over 2,300 kilograms, India was confined to under 1 percent of this burgeoning market. Today, India has made “quantum leaps” in the words of P. V. Krishnan, Director of the ISRO Propulsion Complex, and is well on the way to launching Chandrayaan-II, slated for next year, and Aditya-I, a satellite mission designed to study the sun.

This jumbo-jet of the rocket-world, however, has a dramatic history riddled with international outrage and sabotage spanning nearly three decades. Beginning at the height of the Soviet era, India’s space and nuclear programmes have been the subject of gory eco-political power-plays between the two superpowers of our time – Russia and the United States. Yet, against all odds, and the express actions and sanctions of the US Government, Indian scientists designed by themselves a heavy-weight carrier of not only 10-tonne satellites, but also national pride and international glory.

Credit : Third Party Reference

After the successful Smiling Buddha nuclear tests at Pokhran, ISRO made enormous strides in space technology with the aid of it’s Russian counterparts, leading up to a $120 million contract in 1991 with the Soviet Space Agency Glavkosmos for seven cryogenic rocket engines, along with a complete transfer of technology. Cryogenic engines use super-cooled liquid fuels to produce massive amounts of thrust in order to lift heavy payloads into space, and the Russians were offering a secret engine, the RD-56 or KVD-1 – originally designed by the Isayev Design Bureau as part of the Soviet manned moon-landing programme of 1964 – with unparalleled thrust and capabilities that NASA could not match for years. Apprehensive of competition in the highly-lucrative commercial space industry, the US descended into a dirty game of geopolitical sanctions and espionage to disable this agreement.

Invoking the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), the United States stalled the engine supply by sanctioning both ISRO and Glavkosmos. The American administration claimed that the issue was not India importing engine components from Russia, but that India was importing engines at all. The idea being that if India were forced to make those developments on their own instead of simply buying engines and the technology driving them, it would slow India’s rocket program and keep them from becoming a potential military threat.

The two-faced Americans, however, continued to import engines from Russia, simultaneously strong-arming India to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty. India refused on the grounds that all signatories – except members of the UN Security Council – are required to unilaterally destroy their nuclear weapons, and could not afford to oblige given that the country is neighboured by two nuclear armed states, both of whom are hostile. Crippled but not killed, ISRO began the formidable task of developing indigenously a cryogenic rocket.

Credit : Third Party Reference

America views launch vehicles as weapons and components of ballistic missiles, as opposed to a commercial service. That is why it is acceptable when European nations, America, or other such countries purchase engines from each other, because they are allies and have advanced propulsion capabilities of their own, but a less developed, non-allied nation buying the same engines is not. This is, however, a remarkably flawed perspective.

In fact, there are no ballistic missiles in the world that use cryogenic engines. Because it takes several critical hours to fuel up a cryogenic rocket, such an engine could never be used in a ballistic missile. The fear mongering about using or selling these engines, then, is an outright farce and strawman fallacy.

Unblushing and wholly devoid of shame, the Machiavellian Americans turned around to sell banned WMD technologies to Pakistan, disobeying both US as well as international non-proliferation protocols. When US aid to Pakistan tapered off after the withdrawal of the Soviet Union from Afghanistan, the unscrupulous and impoverished Pakistani military responded in 1987 by selling it’s nuclear hardware and know-how for cash, pitching south Asia into three near-nuclear conflagrations, and enabling the nuclear weapons programmes of Iran, Libya and North Korea, which might never have got off the ground were it not for the duplicitous Americans. This hypocritical subterfuge is detailed in the account of CIA Agent and Pakistan-specialist Rich Barlow, reported by the Guardian almost a decade ago.

In defiance of ruthless international oppression and embargo, ISRO advanced swiftly and surely to counter America’s tyrannical throttling of the industry and reserve a seat at the space-table. Earlier this year, the triumphant ISRO launched a record 104 satellites on a single rocket. And now, having spurned the Non-Proliferation Treaty, this historic moment is an open-handed smack in the face of US monopoly.

India has overcome cumbrous obstacles and staunch opposition to design and launch it’s own cryogenic rocket. The GSLV Mk-III is a true testament to the ingenuity of an intrepid democracy. Resolute is the country we live in today.

Reference – divyanshspacetech.wordpress.com

INFORMAL ORGANIZATION

Informal organization refers to relationships between individuals in the organization based on interest, personal attitudes, emotions, prejudices, likes, dislikes, physical location, the similarity of work et. The informal organization comes into existence because of the limitations of the formal structure and it represents a natural grouping of people in working situations and the birth of small groups in an organization is a natural phenomenon. The informal group may overlap because an individual may be a member of more than one informal group. Informal groups come into being to support and supplement the formal organization. The formal and informal organization are inextricably interlinked. As Joseph L. Massie said, “Informal organization has been defined as any human interactions that occur spontaneously and naturally over long periods of time”.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMAL ORGANIZATION

The main characteristics of informal organization are:

  1. It has no place in the formal chart.
  2. It is definite and has no structure.
  3. It is a network of personal and social relations.
  4. It has its own rules and traditions.
  5. It provides for social satisfaction to its members.
  6. An informal organization arises spontaneously.
  7. It is an integral part of a total organization and management cannot eliminate it.
  8. It is based on personal attitudes, emotions likes and dislikes etc.

  ADVANTAGES OF INFORMAL ORGANIZATION

The informal organization is a psycho-social system and the main advantages of an informal organization are:

  1. Informal organization evolve short cuts and eliminate various individuals and departments.
  2. Informal organizations help in solving work problems of members.
  3. Informal groups recognise talented workers as their leaders.
  4. A manager can build better relations with his subordinates through informal contacts.
  5. Informal groups do not allow managers to cross the limits of authority.
  6. Informal groups often fill up the communication gaps which might arise in the organization.
  7. The informal organization may fill in gaps, if any, in the abilities of managers.
  8. Informal groups develop certain norms of behaviour which differentiate between good and bad conduct and between legitimate and illegitimate activities.

LIMITATIONS OF INFORMAL ORGANIZATION

Informal groups have negative aspects too. They may create problems for the organization as mentioned below:

  1. Informal groups generally tend to resist change and change requires new skills but informal groups want to maintain the status quo and this creates obstructions in implementing new ideas and thus organization’s growth.
  2. An informal leader may turn out to be a troublemaker for the organisation and to increase his influence, he may work against the policies of management, and try to manipulate the behaviour of his followers.
  3. Every member of an informal group is also a member of the formal organization and sometimes role conflict may arise because the ideas, expectations and requirements of both the organizations may be opposite to each other.
  4. An informal group exerts strong pressure on its members for conformity and the members may become so loyal to their group that following the group norms may become a part of their life.
  5. Informal communications may give rise to rumours which may create conflict and misunderstanding among the people and rumours may prove dangerous for the organization. 

Why Should You Become a Medical Assistant?

With such promising occupation projections from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, it’s no surprise for many individuals to be interested in a new career in the healthcare industry. But where do you start, what career path is right for you? As you do your research to help you decide your next educational journey, it might be worth your while to check out the role of a medical assistaning.  

What is a medical assistant?

Medical assistants are caring, competent and committed providers who fill a vital need in the healthcare industry. Medical assistants are trained in both clinical and administrative duties and work alongside physicians and registered nurses (RNs). They are a huge help to doctors and nurses and can improve the quality of a hospital’s patient care.
Here are three reasons why you should consider becoming a medical assistant:

 1. High demand

Medical assisting is one of the nation’s fastest-growing careers. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), job growth is expected to be 23 percent from now until 2024. As the baby boomer population continues to age, there are significantly more elderly Americans in need of medical treatment.

How much can I make?

According to 2018 data from the BLS, medical assistants earn an average salary of $34,540 per year ($16.61 per hour). Graduates right out of school will need to gain experience to work their way towards earning a salary in this range. What you can make depends largely on your level of experience and state in which you practice. Learn more about the average medical assistant salary and find an estimate from the BLS in your state.

 2. Hands-on role in patient care

Medical assistants are an important liaison between the physician and the patient. Sometimes, medical jargon can be difficult for a patient to interpret. As a medical assistant, you help a patient understand the physician’s instructions. Medical assistants also help prepare patients for examination, administer medication and treatment and assist the physician during exams. Licensed practical nurses (LPNs) play a similar role in patient care, but they typically work in nursing homes or long-term care facilities. Medical assistants play a supporting role to physicians and RNs in medical offices, clinics and hospitals. They are often the ones who have the most direct contact with a patient and the ones who help patients feel at ease.

 3. The fast-track to a career in healthcare

While doctors and RNs have to spend years in school before they are certified, medical assistants may be able to receive their diploma (DMAS) in as little as 12 months. Students may also choose to pursue their associates in medical assisting (AAMAS); receiving your degree in as little as 16-20 months. If you’re looking for a faster entry point to a career in healthcare, a diploma medical assisting program might be the right path for you.

The cat families… part 2

this is the continuation article of part 1

26.Maine Coon cat:

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Maine coon cat, North America’s only native breed of the longhaired house cat . Though its origins are unknown, it had been first shown in Boston in 1878. Maines is large, muscular, and heavy-boned; they’ll are named for his or her raccoon-like tail. Excellent mousers, they’re known for his or her gentleness, intelligence, and type disposition, and are especially good with children and dogs. Most are brown tabbies.

27.Manx:

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Manx, breed of the tailless house cat of unknown origin but presumed by tradition to possess come from the Isle of Man. Noted for being affectionate, loyal, and courageous, the Manx is distinguished both by its taillessness and by its characteristic hopping gait. it’s compactly built, with a rounded head; large, round eyes; and little , wide-set ears. The rump is additionally rounded and, because the hind legs are considerably longer than the forelegs, is distinctly above the shoulders. The Manx could also be born with a tail but ideally should be totally tailless with a hollow at the top of the backbone where the basis of the tail should be. The double coat could also be any solid, variegated, or tabby color.

28.marbled cat:

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Marbled cat rare Southeast Asian cat, Felidae , often mentioned as a miniature version of the unrelated clouded leopard. The marbled cat is about the dimensions of a domestic cat; it measures roughly 45–60 cm long, excluding a tail of roughly an equivalent length. The coat is long, soft, and pale brown to brownish-gray, with large, dark-edged blotches on the body and smaller dark spots on the legs and tail. The marbled cat is nocturnal and lives in jungles, and should prey on small animals and birds.

29.margay:

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Margay also called tiger cat or tigrillo, alittle cat that ranges from South through Central America and, rarely, into the acute southern us . Little is understood about the habits of the margay. It lives in forests and presumably is nocturnal, feeding on small prey like birds, frogs, and insects. it’s largely arboreal and has specially adapted claws and feet that enable it to scamper up tree trunks and along branches with ease. The margay resembles the related ocelot but features a longer tail and fuller face, emphasized by large, dark eyes and rounded ears. The male attains a maximum length of about 1.1 meters, including a tail about 46 cm long, and weighs up to about 16 kg. the feminine is usually smaller and features a relatively long tail. Coloration varies from pale gray to chocolate with dark markings like spots, stripes, bands, and black-edged blotches. When hand-reared from a kitten, the margay reportedly is definitely tamed; as an adult, however, it’s going to become unpredictable.

30.ocelot:

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the spotted cat of the New World found in lowland areas from Texas southward to northern Argentina. The short, smooth fur is patterned with elongated, black-edged spots that are arranged in chainlike bands. The cat’s upper parts vary in color from light or tawny yellow to gray. There are small black spots on the top , two black stripes on each cheek, and 4 or five black stripes along the neck. The ocelot’s underparts are whitish, spotted with black, and therefore the tail is marked on the side with dark bars or blotches.

31.Pallas’s cat:

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Pallas’s cat also called Steppe Cat, or Manul, small, long-haired cat native to deserts and rocky, mountainous regions from Tibet to Siberia. it had been named for the naturalist Peter Simon Pallas. The Pallas’s cat may be a soft-furred animal about the dimensions of a domestic cat and is pale silvery gray or brown in color. the top of its tail is ringed and tipped with black, and a few individuals have vague, dark markings on the body. The fur of the underparts is about twice as long as that of the upperparts and possibly represents an adaptation to the cat’s habitual lying and crouching on the cold ground.

32.pampas cat:

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Pampas cat small cat, Felidae , native to South America. it’s about 60 cm long, including the 30-centimeter tail. The coat is long-haired and grayish with brown markings which in some individuals could also be indistinct. Little is understood about the habits of the pampas cat. it’s reported to measure in thick shrubbery and to hunt birds and little animals in the dark .

33.puma:

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Puma also called cougar , cougar, panther, or catamount, large brownish New World cat comparable in size to the jaguar—the only other large cat of the occident . The puma, a member of the Felidae , has the widest distribution of any New World mammal, with a variety extending from southeastern Alaska to southern Argentina and Chile. Pumas sleep in a spread of habitats, including desert scrub, chaparral, swamps, and forests, but they avoid agricultural areas, flatlands, and other habitats lacking a canopy . Six subspecies of Puma concolor are recognized by most classifications.

34.Rex cat:

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Rex cat, curly-coated breed of house cat that features a dense, soft coat lacking any projecting guard hairs, or outer coat. Except on the top , legs, and paws, the coat forms fairly deep waves, or crimps. The eyebrows and whiskers of the Rex cat are crinkled, the eyes are almond-shaped, and therefore the ears are large and high set. The adult Rex cat is slender and typically has long legs, an extended neck and head, and an extended , tapering tail. Show cats could also be any of the colours or patterns that are accepted for domestic cats.

35.tiger:

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Tiger’s largest member of the cat family, rivaled only by the lion in strength and ferocity. The tiger is endangered throughout its range, which stretches from the Russian Far East through parts of North Korea , China, India, and Southeast Asia to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The Siberian, or Amur, the tiger is that the largest, measuring up to 4 meters in total length and weighing up to 300 kg. The Indian, or Bengal, the tiger is that the most numerous and accounts for about half the entire tiger population. Males are larger than females and should attain a shoulder height of about 1 meter and a length of about 2.2 meters, excluding a tail of about 1 metre; weight is 160–230 kg, and tigers from the south are smaller than those of the north.

36.tigon:

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Tigon, offspring of a tiger and a lioness. The tigon, or tiglon, may be a zoo-bred hybrid, as is that the liger, the merchandise of the reverse mating of a lion with a tigress.

Discouraged Lion

When you own your legacy with no unfolded stories life it becomes easy to fight with anything. And in case of reverse inspite of being lion you are discouraged to do so. No political angle in it- it’s one of the professional antiquates.

How Pop Culture Trends Influence Youth….

At times, students fail to complete their assignments successfully due to the complexity of a topic. Some topics are difficult to cover because they should analyze many issues. For example, the relations between pop culture and youth are complex and include a lot of things to consider and explain. In the meanwhile, it’s a very interesting and popular theme for debates. A human being is a social creature that desires to interact with other people. Thus, people unite due to a common purpose and initiate small communities, which steadily develop into a real nation. Every nation has its culture and it affects the youth. The further division of culture creates popular culture trends that play an important growth in the development and maturing of young generations. Popular culture trends may have positive and negative effects for the youth and we should be aware of every manifestation.

Popular culture has long been associated with youth. TV and movie producers, as well as celebrities and their agents, frequently market their wares specifically to young people. Teens find extreme sports appealing and love to try trends. But pop culture has gone beyond reality TV and bungee jumping. It’s become more about making a personal connection with teens and having them interact with popular culture and each other.

influence young people today, such as TV, movies and celebrities, were popular with previous generations. However, the way that teens access and interact with popular culture has been revolutionized by technology and specialization. They don’t just experience popular culture and react to it; they interact with it and affect it in real time. They’re using technology to do it, and youth leaders can utilize these same technologies to establish relationships between our teens, their views of culture and their faith.

Pop culture has a huge influence on teens. They tend to imitate current trends and other people. The influence shapes the way they think (psychologically), act (behaviorally), and feel (emotionally). It helps to define themselves. They recognize themselves and see as if with the eyes of other people. The image that is taken from culture shapes their worldview and affects personal choices. It’s really nice when teenagers follow a celebrity who has healthy habits, is kind, educated, leads to a healthy lifestyle and so on. Nonetheless, many celebrities are far from being a good example to follow. Many of them take drugs and drink a lot of alcohol. Thus, many youngsters imitated this terrifying lifestyle and ruined their own lives. Teens likewise lose interest in school and normal things that used to make them happy.

Pop-culture is a timeless notion. It happens in every moment of the history and influences people who enjoy mass values. It is not only about youth: adults also get affected by popular culture if they stay in touch with the current trends and monitor what’s new. Older generations are adherents to popular culture of their own youth so that they are least likely to follow new trends.

By popular culture, we mean everything that happens in the media, arts, sports, society, or entertainment. Today, online media have become a potent transmitter of popular culture to young people who use them most. Social activities are arranged on Facebook where people can discover them. TV shows and movies are discussed and popularized online too. People who actively use social media are very likely to follow popular culture as news and updates are displayed in their newsfeed. There is no doubt that popular culture changes generations. Both youngsters and adults are likely to adopt features popular among their peers, and pop culture is the largest source of such features.

The influence of popular culture has a strong impact on young generations. It can be noticed in numerous manifestations and interacts with all sides of our life. There are great chances that teens will imitate the wrong model of behavior. Accordingly, parents and society should keep an eye on this issue.

Refrences:-

https://scallywagandvagabond.com

Railways produced around two lakh PPE gowns, over 7 lakh masks during lockdown

Railways has produced around two lakh Personal Protective Equipment, PPE gowns and over seven lakh masks during the lockdown period. Railways Ministry said, Railway is geared up to meet the challenge of providing protection to its front line medical workers and other operational staff persons, from the COVID 19 pandemic. 

The Ministry said, Railway workshops took up the challenge and manufactured PPE coveralls, sanitizer and masks. Raw material for manufacturing of these items was also procured by the field units. PPE coverall target for the month of June and July are fixed as 1.5 lakhs each.

Ministry of Railways has designated 50 Railway Hospitals as COVID Dedicated Hospitals and COVID Dedicated Health Centers. Facilities at these hospitals were upgraded through procurement of medical equipments and other items to meet the challenge of COVID Pandemic.

The Ministry said, more than five thousand Railway coaches have already been converted to isolation coaches to serve as the Covid Care Centers to augment the capacity of health infrastructure in the country. 960 coaches have so far been placed in service at several locations based on the requests received from the States.

All regular train services to remain cancelled till August 12; All 230 special trains to continue to operate

Railways has decided to cancel all the regular time-tabled passenger services including Mail/Express, passenger and suburban Service up to 12th August this year.

However, Special Rajdhani which started from 12th May and Special Mail Express service which started from 1st June will continue to operate. All the tickets booked for regular time table trains, for the journey date from 1st July to 12th August will be cancelled and full refund will be given to the passengers.

Earlier, the Railways had said that all the tickets booked upto 30th June will be cancelled and full refund will be provided.