Media is referred as the fourth estate following the legislature, executive and judiciary. While the constitution of India does not specifically state freedom of press but it is implied from the freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a). The term has its origin attributed to a parliamentary debate on the opening of press reporting in 1787 of the houses of commons of Great Britain. Media is directly not part of the political system but it challenges those in power and call them out. It has great impact on policies while having a social influence. It is regulated and monitored. However, Indian media has been home to media trials, succumbing to market pressure, quick opinion makers and sensationalism leading to its today’s ranking of Freedom of Press put out by Reporters Without Borders-142^nd place in the list of 180 countries.

Madras High Court in 2018 stood by the freedom of press and media quoting ‘If the voice of the Fourth Pillar is stifled, India will become like a Nazi State’.  There have been several instances in the past years where we have seen freedom of press has been on a ventilator. For instance, recently, UAPA charges have been held against two J&K journalists, Masrat Zahra and Peerzada Ashiq. Ashiq is a reported working with The Hindu has been booked for a news that was eventually proved inaccurate and Zahra, a photojournalist has been booked under UAPA for social media posts deemed “anti-national”. While Zubair Ahmed in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a freelance journalist was charged and arrested under the various sections of the IPC and Disaster Management Act over a tweet questioning the local administration’s quarantine policies.

According to Neha Dixit, an independent journalist, it has become difficult for journalists in India to publish ground reports or investigative reports which makes a room for evidence and fact-based journalism as there is increase in capitalist media influenced by corporate/political ideologies making more space for opinion journalism. She mentioned a new pattern in the present regime where along with the defamation case, they also file a criminal case which is easy to manipulate. On the same lines, according to Aliya Iftikhar, a Senior Asia Researcher of Committee to protect journalists, filing of defamation and criminal cases are not just about the threat of imprisonment but also a form of harassment as the legal system can be slow and puts a financial stress over the accused journalists who miss out on their jobs.

In recent years, independent online media and other alternative platforms have come into existence, whose mode of revenue is by people paying for them. Such platforms emphasis on quality journalism and therefore swear to provide facts/real news and not propaganda. Altnews.in and Newslaundry are examples of providing fact checking and credible news, respectively. Although this month, the government issued an order bringing OTT platforms like Netflix, Hotstar, Amazon and news portals under Information and Broadcasting ministry. Earlier there was no surveillance and the content creators could publish their work without worrying about any clearance certificates.

Today, on the occasion of Chhath Puja we will know about it and also its significance in India.

Chhath is the Hindu festival which is celebrated in many parts of India like Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh etc. This festival is celebrated after 6 days of Diwali. Bhojpuri, Awadhi, Maithili, Magahi people celebrate this festival by worshiping God Sun and Sahasthi (Chhath Maiya) and thanking them for giving this precious life to us and for fulfilling our wishes. Other than Indians, Nepalies also celebrate this festival. This festival imparts health, wealth and prosperity to us. Devotees belonging to any of the cast, colour, economy or status arrives near ponds and river bank for praying. According to environmentalists Chhath is considered as one of the most eco-friendly festival as it conveys the message of nature conservation. It has now gained lots of importance like other festivals of India (Holi, Diwali, Eid etc.). One of the members of family has to perform this Puja. Some people also celebrate this Puja at their homes only as they are unable to go to river banks.   

HISTORY: According to Indian epic, Chhath Puja was firstly celebrated in Ramayana. When Lord Rama and Sita returned to Ayodhya people celebrated Diwali and just 6 days later of Ram Rajaya was established. So, on this occasion Lord Rama and Sita kept fast that day. Sita worshiped Suraya and goddess Sahasthi and as result they were blessed with their children Luv and Kush. In Mahabharat too, when Pandavas returned from Lakshagirh, Kunti worshiped Suraya and Sahasthi (Chhathi Maiya). Therse are many other incidents related to the celebration of this puja in history. These incidents prove that Chhath Puja has lot of significance since antient times.

People celebrate this festival for 4 days. This year puja is starting from19 to 21 November. People celebrate this puja by offering prasad which contains many ingredients to Goddess Sahasthi and Suraya.

Ingredients that are required for puja are Thekua, fruits, vegetables, bamboo, sweets, paan, honey, turmeric, camphor, rice, kheer-puri, malpua, coconut, sugarcane, sweet potato, milk, plate etc.   

Four days of Chhath Puja are:    

• Nahay Khay: It is considered as the first day of Chhath Puja. On this day people clean their homes after taking bath and eat vegetarian food like kheer-roti or any other item.
• Kharna: It is considered as the second day of puja. People keep fast till evening; they are even not allowed to drink a drop of a water. Then at evening they break their fasts by eating some fruits, kheer, chapati and other food items.
• Sandhya Arghya: On the third day of puja Arghya is offered to Surya and Sahasthi. People decorate a bamboo basket with different types of ingredients like fruits, thekua etc. After worshiping people sing songs and Vrat katha related to Chhath Puja.
• Usha Arghya: This is the fourth and the last day for puja. On this day people offer Arghya to Surya and Sahasthi. Devotes go near river banks and offer araghya at the time of sunrise. Lastly, devotes drink sharbat and eat Prasad to break their fasts.

During these all four days the devotees have to stay very clean and hygienic. Especially the person who will perform puja have to follow stick rules and regulations. He/she have to be very hygienic throughout the whole puja. The area at home where puja has to performed needs to be very clean and hygienic and should be treated like temple.     

In Delhi, U.P, Maharashtra and other parts of India the ponds and river banks are closed by the government due to covid-19. People have to follow certain guidelines this year which are issued by the government of different areas of India. In some areas like Bihar and Jharkhand people are appealed for doing puja at their homes only.

People are still celebrating this festival with full enthusiasm even in this pandemic but by following rules and regulations. And worshiping goddess Sahasthi (Chhath Maiya) and Suraya.

Balance in design is the distribution of elements of the structure. Large, dense elements appear of being heavier while lighter components give off an impression of being lighter. The essential target of any page one makes, regardless of whether it’s for a printed handout, newspaper or the most recent new media and the online news portals is to impart data obviously and successfully to the reader. Among The numerous mysteries of precision and orchestrating of visual components to frame a page perhaps the most ideal approaches to guarantee that the key messages are conveyed to the reader is to make a reasonable design. Page design ordinarily includes a great deal of arrangement, revising and organizing of components and visual cues. Numerous creators and designers approach this procedure naturally, feeling their way to a satisfying final product. While this can prompt some glad mishaps, there is a danger that utilizing freestyle technique can bring about an absence of visual parity on the page which a designer designs. The components of the newspaper ought to be even, implying that their visual weight is equitably conveyed on the page. A decent layout structure for a newspaper ought to be both satisfying to the eye, and furthermore impart those key messages plainly to the target group. These methodologies will function admirably to give a structure to adjust and form the layout and the desigins in it, paying little heed to the medium you’re working with. Additionally, one of the best approaches to give a feeling of equalization is to pick a solitary point of convergence for your design. A genuine case of this by and by is the utilization of a big centre picture as the greatest single component on a the content to grab attention. At last, the utilization of scaling can be an exceptionally powerful strategy for accomplishing a decent visual parity in your design. By making a few components bigger than others, a feeling of request and chain of command will rise. This makes an agreeable format in light of the fact that the viewer or the reader will consequently take a gander at the bigger components inside the design first, advancing through to the littler components as they read. Balanced parity is accomplished by setting components in an even manner in the plan. On the off chance that one has a big, substantial component on the right side, you’ll have a coordinating overwhelming component on the left. Centering is the simplest method to get an evenly adjusted page. In any case, one has to be cautious, as it very well may be hard to make a focused plan that doesn’t look level or exhausting. On the off chance that you need an evenly adjusted structure, it’s smarter to make the offset with various components. Diverse estimated text styles and fonts can be utilized, however, remain reliable. At the point when your body text out of nowhere gets bigger, it unconsciously affects your readers. In addition to the fact that it looks muddled, however, it makes a visual degradation from the message. Empty space is as significant as the space you utilize while writing and designing. Leaving considerably big spaces in your paper configuration isn’t savvy, however attempting to utilize all the let loose space may not be shrewd either. Very much situated unfilled or void area can make a newspaper truly stick out, look clean, look new, and look exquisite for a reader to read and enjoy the content.

The prime rule which administers editing is to never over estimate public’s knowledge or underestimate public’s intellect. Editing plays an imperative role in news organisations. Reporters often write news stories in a hush-ed manner and are often left rough edged. Therefore, a team of editors is responsible for polishing and honing the copy.

In simpler terms, the main purpose of editing is to accomplish the gap between the news coming from outside and news to be published. It helps in making the report grammatically correct and newsworthy. This bridges the gap between well written write ups by the less skilled or inexperienced reporters. Crisp and tight copies are simple to read and crystal clear, making the readers engaged in the write up. Key features of crisp and tight copies are the simple and to the point story with zero repetition.

The sub editors are termed as “the mid wife” or “an unsung hero of a newspaper”. Subbing ensures quality control of a submission prior the public display. Sub editors are very essential and considered the backbone of journalism as they ensure that the theme of the write is consistent and aligned with the vision of the media outlet where the work is being presented. Sub editors lay out the story on the page, write headings and perhaps be involved in the overall page design. They hold a huge responsibility to account the factual errors and correct them, safeguarding the client and the writer against liability. They ensure correct use of grammar, syntax and tone. They in fact save writers from a legal suit or looking unintelligible, they filter out stories that have a scope of being ignored by the consumers. Sub-editors also lay out the story on the page, write headings and may be involved with overall page design.

· Fine-tunes the copy to the style of the newspaper

· Simplifies the language to make it reader-friendly

 · Tailors story length to space requirements

 · Correct factual errors

· Ensure balance and fairness and objectivity in the stories.

· Guard against legal trappings like defamation and copyright violation.

 · Rewrites and restructures stories if necessary. Normally sub editing (subbing) involves looking for errors in spellings and grammar 19

Headlines are getting progressively significant in the web and modern day and age of news. In addition to the fact that they capture the reader’s attention, they fill in as source material for web engines and sites when one inquiries an article to find out about. Today a reader is similarly prone to run over an article by perusing a rundown of web sites and results as by reading a hard newspaper. Headlines decide what number of individuals will really peruse a piece, especially in this period of internet online approach to news reading. Yet, all the more fascinating, a headline changes the manner in which individuals read an article and the manner in which they recall it. Headlines must be precise and to the point: in suggestion, in spelling, in language structure. At the point when readers see mistakes, they accept a comparable pace of mistake will proceed.

Recently, a Muslim girl named Gulnaz Khatoon was molested and burnt alive in Vaishali, Bihar. According to Gulnaz, on 30^th October when she went near her home for dumping the waste at evening, the culprits Satish Rai, Vijay Rai and Chandan Kumar forcefully dragged her somewhere and started throwing kerosene on her and then they burnt her brutally for not marrying the Hindu guy Satish Ray. Accused then ran away after they saw the people of that locality started gathering there when she started shouting. Her mother rushed her to the hospital with the help of their neighbors. And the hospital registered F.I.R against the accused. She expired on 15^th November. Accused are not yet arrested by police, media and political parties are still silent. Everyone is demanding for her justice and raising questions regarding the injustice with Gulnaz.

The incident which I quoted above is the recent example that raised questions on Secularism of India. Secularism can be called as the belief that every religion of the country is equal and have the right access education, employment and other sectors of the country. Is India really secular? I think my answer is no because everyone is observing this case according to the religion instead of humanity. Many people are also silent just because the accused are Hindus and they don’t believe that Muslim girl. Media and political parties are hiding this case just because the girl was a Muslim. Silence of media and political parties shows that the voice against injustice will also be raised according to the religion.

So, we should unite against every accused whether they belong from any religion and demand for justice and raise voice against the injustice done to Gulnaz and other girls like her. Because this is not the matter of religion this is the matter of humanity. Gulnaz was firstly a human, then a daughter of our country and then a Muslim. There are many cases in our country where people get justice according to their religion and caste too. This incident showed that India is only a ‘Hindu Rashtra’ instead of a secular country.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Spirituality is a broad concept with a broad range of perspectives. Often, it involves the feeling of being connected to something bigger than we are, and it has to look for a purpose in life. Thus, it is a general experience – something that affects us all. People can describe a spiritual feeling as sacred or transcendent or simply a deep feeling of life and connection.

Some may find that their spiritual health is closely linked with their association with a church, temple, mosque, or synagogue. Others can pray or find comfort in a personal relationship with God or in a higher power. And some seek meaning through their connection with nature or art. As the concept of your purpose, your personal spiritual meaning can change your whole life, adapting to your experiences and relationships.

Spirituality is about seeking a meaningful relationship with something greater than yourself, which can lead to positive emotions, such as peace, fear, contentment, gratitude, and acceptance.
Emotional health is about developing a positive attitude, which can expand your vision to see and connect with something bigger than you.

Before 1990 doctors were utilizing the results of single or carefully selected examinations, or the procedures or advices they took in clinical school from their professors or seniors, to treat the patients. With the advent of 1990, the process of treating the patients changed dramatically as a group of science minded doctors subscribed themselves to built up a store of ‘systematic reviews’ which combined every query sort through all the best science on specific medical questions. This a statistical method to weigh the relative findings and the methods of single studies rather than relying on specific examinations or its results. Systematic reviews were revolutionary, it didn’t confine doctors’ evidence-based automatons, rather it empowered them to access a huge variety of data and make sense out of it. The review had in-fact played a role in wearing off certain misconceptions that found a way into the medicine, one such being, it was advised earlier to put infants to sleep on their stomachs, but through the reviews, it actually showed how the practice had put the children’s life in more threat. Reporting of research could grab the new audience and provide them with vital information, it can generate responses from the policymakers. The significance of scientific and empirical research stands high while reporting as any inappropriate, inaccurate, unauthentic and unreliable news draw up unnecessary expectations in pubic which in turn could result in formation of inefficient or unhealthy policies by the policy makers. Many evidences suggest that journalists while producing health reports often include their own interpretations and personal speculation lacking objectivity which results in incorrect and misleading reports.

A study published in 2014 listed the prime challenges while reporting health news:

1. Negligible willingness of health professionals to impart information to the press
2. Limitation of time
3. Absence of latest statistics
4. Problem in statistical interpretation
5. Lack of medical knowledge in general.
6. Little cooperation of health authorities.

The mainstream media, be it news channels or newspapers, is the first source from which the public learns about recent medical advancements. Thus, it is crucial when dealing with health issues or medical advancements to avoid creating a generalised or false narratives or generating unwarranted pressure on the already limited healthcare funding and infrastructure. There is an expectation that the media will provide unbiased, accurate and complete information while reporting on health. There are many obstacles while performing good quality health journalism. A stark gap between journalists and scientist can be witnessed which often leads to inaccurate information or the information being incomplete. There is an increasing tussle for reporting first hand news. Many reporters don’t have access to the researchers nor they have the appropriate tools. Often, special terms, expressions and abbreviations used by the health experts are not completely understood by the reporters. In addition to this, researches require time and in the industry of fast reportage and daily reminders, it almost becomes impossible to focus on it. A lot of reporters are also unaware about ‘systematic reviews’, let only their advantage. Reporters are often under pressure to report the health stories not only on time but also to sensualize it. Although the new media has provided space to journalists where they can always update their stories and explain the science behind the news.

In a fresh, fine and favourable judgment, the Kerala High Court just recently on November 13, 2020 in Philip Mathew vs. State of Kerala [Crl. MC. No. 7758 of 2016] has quashed a defamation complaint registered against the Chief Editor, Managing Editor and Publisher of Malayala Manorama Daily. It is most gratifying, most refreshing and most rejuvenating to learn that Justice P Somarajan of the Kerala High Court has categorically, convincingly and cogently observed that the press has the right to publish a news item with its necessary comments and views. Such right cannot be defeated unless malafides writ large on its face and not concerning with a matter of public interest or public good. This cannot be denied or disputed! 

                                    Truth be told, it also made it clear that the contemptuous nature of news item, if it is connected with imputation of truth, which requires publication for the public good will not attract the  offence of defamation. Very rightly so! The complaint was against a news published in the daily about a Vigilance report against the complainant (R. Chandrasekaran) and three others. 

                                      To start with, the ball is set rolling in this latest, landmark and laudable judgment authored by Justice P Somarajan  by first and foremost observing in para 1 that, “The Managing Editor, the Chief Editor and the Printer and Publisher of a daily newspaper came up to quash the proceedings initiated on the allegation of offence under Section 500 IPC through a private complaint on which cognizance was taken by the Magistrate and process was issued under Section 204 Cr.P.C. Annexure A is the copy of news item published.” 

                                     While elaborating further, it is then pointed out in para 2 that, “Annexure A news item was published based on a report submitted by the Vigilance to set the criminal law in motion against the defacto complainant and three others after conducting a preliminary enquiry and recommended registration of crime against them. Going by Annexure A news item, it is clear that what is reported is the true version of report submitted by the Vigilance against the defacto complainant and three others. It is true that they were referred as accused persons in the news item, even before registration of crime in connection with the allegations.”

                            Truth be told, it is then most significantly disclosed in para 3 that, “What is reported is the true version of an enquiry report submitted by the Vigilance Department against the defacto complainant and three others. It is the duty of the fourth estate to publish all news materials, especially having public importance and it is their further duty to comment on the news material with its pros and cons so as to enlighten the society to remain vigil on the matters of public importance. It would squarely come under the first exception attached to Section 499 IPC, when it is done with bonafides for the public interest. The fourth estate is not expected to shy away from the matters governing public importance, but it is their solemn duty to serve the society with the news item with its pros and cons so as to make the society more functional and vigil. The fourth estate being one of the rostrums to address and comment on each and every matters governing public interest/public importance in a democratic society, the news item published with necessary comments, though sometimes contemptuous, may not itself amount to a defamation as defined under Section 499 IPC, unless the same is lacking in good faith and not concerning with a matter of public interest or public good. The first proviso to Section 499 IPC has got a wide canvass in a democratic system and right to publish a news item with its necessary comments and views though sometimes contemptuous, cannot be defeated unless malafides writ large on its face and not concerning with a matter of public interest or public good. The contemptuous nature of news item, if it is connected with imputation of truth, which requires publication for the public good will not attract the offence and there shall not be any misunderstanding with respect to the requirement to attract Section 499 IPC with the first exception therein. The news item published hence will not attract the offence of defamation as defined under Section 499 IPC. It was submitted that subsequently a crime was registered against the defacto complainant and three others and a refer report was submitted subsequently.”

                                Finally, it is then held in the lat para 4 that, “The private complaint submitted is really intended to defeat the solemn function vested with the fourth estate and it will tell upon what is behind it. It is an abuse of the process of court, liable to be quashed. Hence the private complaint and the further proceedings are hereby quashed. Crl.M.C. is allowed.”

                In essence, the cornerstone of this really cogent, commendable and convincing judgment is contained clearly, credibly and convincingly in para 3 which must be read maximum times. It certainly minces no words to make it amply clear as to what is the duty of the fourth estate. It also makes it further clear that the press has right to publish news item with its necessary comments and views.

                         No wonder, the Kerala High Court takes the right step in quashing the defamation case against Manorama Editors. There can certainly be no denying or disputing it! Freedom of press is most important and indispensable and its importance merits no reiteration. 

                                It goes without saying that for any democracy to function smoothly and effectively, there has to be free press which is just not possible if journalists have to keep fighting defamation case or some other case in the courts all the time! Even Supreme Court has acknowledged this and has always advocated more freedom for press and journalists to function independently just as we saw recently in case of Arnab Goswami who is the Editor-in-Chief of Republic TV and who was set free recently after 8 days from Taloja prison in Navi Mumbai after Supreme Court’s intervention by a Bench of Justice Dr DY Chandrachud and Justice Indira Banerjee! So Kerala High Court has certainly acted wisely to ensure press freedom and this definitely must be applauded and admired in no uncertain terms!  

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh

Let’s discus something different today! I want to share a recipe that my grandmother use to make and some tips related to this recipe.

1. Ingredients you require:

• Puffed rice or Murmure (base ingredient)
• Ghee
• Salt or Namak
• Mango or amchur powder
• Chili powder or Lal mirch powder

• Procedure:

• Take some puffed rice in a container you want it can be a big or small bowl.
• Add some amount of chili powder into that bowl. Maybe 2-3 spoons or as per the spicy you want your dish to be.
• Then add 3-4 spoons of amchur or mango powder into it.
• Add salt as per your taste.
• Lastly, spread some ghee into it and then mix it well.

That’s it! Your tasty snack is ready to be served. It can be served alone or with any other food item.

• Best part about this snack is:

• It requires less or no cooking.
• It can be easily carried anywhere whether we go to picnic or just for a walk in a garden.
• Just like maggie it can be served in just a couple of minutes. Hence, it’s a time-consuming option.
• We can adjust the amount of spices and puff rice according to our preference.
• You can change the order of adding spice into it. Its not compulsory to add every ingredient step wise as I listed above in procedure.
• We can eat it at any time we want, as lunch, dinner or as breakfast.
• You can preserve it in any container like any other preservable snack.

• Some tips that can add to your taste:

• You can also use Gram or Chana instead of puff rice as your base ingredient.
• To add more taste, you can add some roasted peanuts or any other ingredient like already roasted namkeen to it.
• You can also roast your puffed rice to make it crunchier.
• You can add some pieces of boiled potato.

I use to eat this snack a lot when I am starving and don’t have any other thing to cook. It’s a quick and easy option when you don’t want/have anything to cook.

Right after liberalisation was announced in 1991, confetti of free market joy was all over the state controlled economic structure which till the USSR collapsed, served India’s Non- aligned purposes. Liberalisation promised opportunities, freedom of choice and other whims of the neo liberal world. However a much vehement claim of assured healthcare was put forward by the state that assured the free market private health enterprises would ensure better healthcare to all. However the claims lie defunct and shallow as if we observe the health services provided by private enterprises remains limited to urban spaces, that makes this cacophony of claims of health and betterment seem like advertisements to some new product. This inaccessibility and selective swarm of private health care justifies the corporate nature and personal interests of health corporations which of course aims at making maximum profits which won’t be sourced from rural areas of the country. The private corporate healthcare sector in India has prospered in the previous three decades at the expense of the diminishing and shambled public health care system. Budgetary allocation for health has reliably missed the mark by falling short every years, concerning that suggested by specialists and professionals. The government has ignored the desperate appeals to reinforce a stronger public healthcare system for the nation, while forcing the citizens to feed off from the compromised state of existing healthcare apparatus. The poor and the marginalized, and even the middle privileged class, confronted a similar deficiency of basic treatment alternatives each and every day. They struggled to find care, they experienced exorbitant and out of reach, expensive services, – as they will continue to find till there is a drastic rebuilding and reformation of our healthcare system. The data asymmetry among public and private health service caters and patients gives monopolistic capacity to few conglomerated private corporate players, which is frequently left unregulated or inadequately checked, in this way brings about misshaped and manipulated costs in clinical treatment and diagnostics. High healthcare costs joined with low insurance protection have regularly brought about greater out of pocket expenditure for diagnostics, medical counsel and treatment for people across the country. Over 86% of rural populace and 82% of urban populace are not secured under any plan of healthcare consumption support. Due to highly expensive healthcare and medical consumption, about 7% of the population is pushed beneath the poverty line each year thus exposing a large part of the society to further diseases and never ending misery. While the corporatization of healthcare services runs an insatiable frenzy on the present condition of healthcare in India by capitalizing on lives without any accountability enforced by the state on these private players justifies the Indian state’s radical shift to an ultra neo liberal and far capitalist approach that pushes aside needs of a large part of the society and caters to only few sections that are rightfully in the eyes of the state more equal than all equals. .The survivors of the completely pitiable condition of general health services and  framework were for the most part the poor and the destitute since decades ,since times immemorial, in the wake of the corona  pandemic which has no predisposition towards poor people or the privileged, the ever oblivious Indian state presently no longer can stick their head into the sand but however, is now compelled to see the harsh product of their regularly going obliviousness of the public health sector needs and can now rubbish its deception of the private health sector area being better. We should now aim at bringing public healthcare and rehabilitation at the focal point of our political discourse, after following quite a while of carelessness from main issues that frequent the Indian setting. Until then, health journalists have to vehemently produce accurate data and numbers while also pointing out fallacies and manipulations of data by private health enterprises. Health journalist should also hold the state accountable on health sector allocations and efforts to public healthcare. Health Journalism today has been forced to stay at put or is being muffed because of PR influences of private health enterprises.  Ethical health reporting should also encompass covering and reporting health data and information from all parts of the nation and not just urban populaces as due to private health sector influence, rural and tribal belts are left unattended and shunned aside while health journalism today has taken the ostrich approach towards it and should refrain from doing so as a reformative action.

Overthinking is a situation where a person thinks about something for a long period of time. It can also be called as the art of creating problem that does not even exists. It’s a physiological problem as all of our thoughts produces in our minds only. According to William James 99% of your thoughts are useless. How to find solution to your problems or to find ways to help someone or to gaining knowledge etc comes under useful thoughts.

There are many causes which provokes us to overthink on something.

• Trauma: a state of getting a great shock or sadness due to any incident.
• Thoughts of past: sometimes we can’t forget incidents of past like our performance on stage, answers we wrote in exams etc we start overthinking.
• Future happenings: will I be able to answer the questions in exam tomorrow, how will I present in front of audience etc. person gets very tensed thinking about these topics and start overthinking.

Overthinking is very hectic and harmful for our body. It causes serious health issues. These issues can be for a short or even for a long duration of time. Effects of overthinking on are body are:

• Mental illness
• Stress
• Headache 
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Hair fall
• Insomnia (inability to sleep)
• Hypersomnia (excessive sleeping)
• Changes in appetite
• Reduce creativity
• Encourages anger

There are many other health issues like it kills your happiness as you always remain tensed, creates disputes and dissension between people, overthinking dwells the problem instead of solving it, it leads to negative thoughts, it takes lots of energy so it may lead to drop in your energy level. It creates trust issues between people. As a result, you start blaming yourself and others too for everything going on in your life whether good or not. it increases insecurities. Many other problems are associated with overthinking.

According to the physiology, when you overthink your body produces a stress hormone known as CORTISOL. When this hormone is constantly released it causes burnout.

There are many ways by which you can control this problem:

• Awareness: be aware about everything in your surroundings this can help in reducing your overthinking.
• Don’t think you are stupid or you can’t do anything; believe in yourself.
• Stop thinking for your past and future just live your present.
• Learn to identify your fears and try to overcome them.
• Write down solutions to your problems on a paper, not the problems.
• Do exercise like yoga, meditation, aerobics etc. for relaxation of your mind and also for improving your mental strength.
• Try to divert your mind from the problem for sometime by doing activities that you enjoy to do like your hobbies or watching tv or taking a sleep etc. this will help you in relaxing your mind.

There are many other ways to overcome this problem. You should try all these ways if you want to get rid of your problems but if they don’t work you should visit to your physiologist for the solution.

At last I just want to say that, stop spending so much time on your head and give your time and thoughts in something productive and beneficial for you and others around you.

With regards to planning, budgeting, distinguishing territories of shortcoming and weaknesses encourages the government to apportion assets in a helpful and supportable way. A nearby glance at national financial plans shows whether government strategies favour the rich or poor people. The reporting sheds insight into who wins, loses and escapes everyone’s notice of the framework. At the best, media investigation and scrutiny help keep governments genuine and animates open discussion. The media assumes plays a significant role in strengthen the budget accountability by informing the public. An essential duty of the media is to furnish people in general with government spending data in broadly available organizations and language. It does this by making an interpretation of specialized spending data into “easy to understand” presentations. The media can likewise draw upon specialists outside of government, remembering for the scholarly community and common society, to survey spending proposition for: exactness, arrangement with necessities and needs, sufficiency. By publicising alternative views on budgets and policies proposals, media can raise awareness, spur debate, and encourage the public to not only pay attention to budget processes and policies.

The Annual Union Budget segregations should encompass:

-Pointers and data representing Allocation, Taxation and expenditure increment or decrement

-Receipts owing to higher or lower estimated revenue 

 -GDP growth numbers, Deficits such as fiscal deficits, revenue deficit

-Ministry allocations for different ministries under the union and the data representing increment or decrement of fiscal allocations to them

-Changes in taxes such as in income taxes, house taxes, corporate taxes, Goods and services tax, Union excise taxes, Service tax etc.

-New tax proposals according to different income groups

-Corporate schemes and taxation policies

-Deductions or increase in social security contributions and schemes

-TDS on e-commerce transactions and the degree to what it will be levied.

-Housing incentives, loans and schemes

-Taxation patterns and changes for start-ups and ESOP’s held by employees

-Changes in excise duties on tobacco products like cigarettes, chewing tobacco and alcohol.

-Custom duties increment or decrement for foreign goods

-Health cess on health equipments such as X-Rays which are imported into India

-Obligations and Taxation rules for charitable organisations

-Changes in commodities transaction taxes

-Action over soverign wealth funds

POLICIES

-On looking legislative changes to regulatory and fiscal acts

-GST Compensations to compensate decrements in previous GDP Numbers

-Disinvestments in Public Sector Units by by selling holdings and shares

-Investment schemes and securities for corporate, private and foreign investors

-Commerce and Industry which focus on produc production capabilities, schemes to fortify commercial requirements

-Infrastructure and Urban Development which involve building of residential complexes, housing schemes , drinking water, sanitation and Healthcare services, ownership models etc

-Transport and Energy which involves development of airports, railway stations, bus depots, interstate travel services and also energy consumption and production methods

-Agriculture and allied activities which involve farmer schemes, agricultural schemes, subsidies and other agro rehabilitation actions and plans.

-Technology which discusses technological investments, plans, planning and executions in the field of science and physics

-Education which involves new educational schemes, development of schools and universities and other scholastic subsidies and innovations

-Health which will involve novel schemes and subsides towards healthcare, ownership methods of healthcare

-Social Justice wherein socioeconomic concerns are looked about and remedied with allocations and directions

-Breakup of Central Government Expenditure and Grants To States

-Expenditure on subsidies on food, agriculture, petroleum, fertilizer, medicines and others

-Expenditure on Major Schemes such as the PM Kisan yojna, MNREG’s, National education mission, Pradhan mantra gram sadak  yojna etc

-Expenditure on Schedule Tribes, Scheduled castes, women and children welfare schemes