Cyber Bullying is the act of bullying people in form of social media or devices. It is a modern term for bullying, which emerged with the rise of internet and mobile devices. Cyberbullying takes place on digital devices like cell phones, computers, and tablets. It can take the form of texts through SMSs, online chat forums, social networking sites and gaming forums. Acts such as posting, sending or sharing negative content that is harmful, mean or obscene, defines cyberbullying. Cyber bullying can take place in the form of some illegal physical activities and unlawful behaviour.

How Cyber bullying begins:

In this technology dominating world not only teenagers, but adults also addicted in the use f electronic devices and the internet.  Internet which connected the whole world and individual across the continents. Cyber bullying starts in virtual world and the cyberbullies enjoy the anonymity and the infinite reach of the internet to prey on unsuspecting and potential victims.

Effects of Cyberbullying:

1.Mental and Physical Effects: Cyberbullying can result in increased distress for the victims along with increased anger and frustration. They will vent this out on various occasions, and it might force them to get addicted to the virtual world where they can have several identities to hide their real one.

2.Feel Alone and Isolated: Most of the victims are forced to stay away from any and all social sites in a bid to escape the cyberbullies. They separate themselves to feel a sense of protection form the outer world. Most of the victims do not reveal anything to their parents or family members to disappoint them. To escape the bullies, they may try to change their schools or home, but they are hardly able to escape the clutches of the tormentors.

3.Disinterested in attending school: If a schoolmate bullies a  kid, then the first way for him to avoid the bullying is to stop going to school. He/she would choose to skip classes to escape the tormentors temporarily. The feeling of embarrassment and humiliation from the fellow students will prevent the kid to return to school and have a healthy school life. Their grades will start dropping, and most of the time they will drop out.

4.Victims might get ill: Apart from the usual mental health and physical effects, it can cause toll on the health of the victim. Symptoms like headaches and stomach problems. Are very often seen in victims.

Prevent Cyber Bullying:

1.Indentify Victims: Identifying victims will be difficult if they are introvert in nature but every victims leaves off some prominent clues to their condition and their troubles. If they seem to be depressed all the time or are usually anxious and angry, then it may signal that they are going through some form of bullying.

2.Steps to be taken as a country and laws necessary: Laws against cyberbullying have been in place for quite some time though they were introduced after many such cases were highlighted. The rules are designed to protect the victim and keep the case information confidential.

Cyberbullying is a serious issue, and it can be truly horrific to go through such a difficult period. Staying strong and fighting back is the only option against these bullies. It’s possible to get over it and live your life again.

A 12 year old boy with a bright yellow tongue was diagnosed with a serious and rare autoimmune disorder which led to his immune system attacking and destroying its own red blood cells.

According to a report published in the New England Journal of Medicine, the boy went to the hospital after he experienced a sore throat,dark urine,abdominal pain and pale skin for several days.

The boy was diagnosed with cold agglutinin disease,a rare autoimmune disorder in which a person’s immune system attacks and destroys its own red blood cells.While this condition is triggered by cold temperature, doctors suspect the boy contracted the disease due to an infection from EpsteinBarr virus.

Adolf Dassler, popularly known as ‘Adi’, made sports shoes in his mother’s laundry room in Herzogenaurach, Germany after returning from World War I. In July 1924, his older brother Rudolf joined the business, and they called it Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory (Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik).

The brothers went through a lot of hardships at that time. The electricity supply in Herzogenaurach was unreliable, so the brothers had to use pedal power from a bicycle to run their equipment. The brothers assisted in the development of spiked running shoes for multiple athletic events. To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear, Adi shifted from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to using canvas and rubber instead. In 1936, they persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use their spikes, which Adi made with his own hands, at the 1936 Summer Olympics. With those shoes, Owens won four gold medals, and the name and reputation of Dassler shoes became known to sportsmen and trainers worldwide. Their business was extremely successful and the Dasslers were selling 200,000 pairs of shoes every year until World War II. During the war, the company was running the only sport shoe factory in German and mostly supplied shoes to the Wehrmacht, the German military.

In 1948, after over 30 years of working together, Adolf and Rudolf abruptly separated, due to differences in opinion for the future of the company. The same year, Rudolf established his company, Ruda (short for Rudolf Dassler) but later renamed to Puma after the animal. In 1949, Adolf established Adidas (short for Adi Dassler). The original Dassler Brothers Company’s workforce and resources were split between the brothers. Adidas kept the factory by the train station and two-thirds of company’s employees, as most employees believed Adi’s vision of focusing on product development rather than Rudolf’s sales-oriented approach. Rudolf kept remaining workforce and the factory on Würzburger Street.

In the following three decades, both Adidas and Puma rose to dominance and signed deals with athletes. Adidas famously sponsoring professional American boxer Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier and Puma signing with Brazil national football team. Adidas introduced shoes customized for different sports, and grew rapidly while Puma, driven by Rudolf’s sales approach, kept chasing Adidas throughout these decades, without making much innovations on its own.

It’s said that the Dassler family quarrels were so extreme that the Puma and Adidas families went to separate bakeries, separate butchers, as well as separate pubs. Michael Dassler, the grandson of Puma’s founder, said Adidas employees going into a shop that Puma employees visited, and vice versa, was impossible. He recalls that in his childhood, contact between his grandfather Rudolf and his brother was non-existent. “In our home, the name Adidas was never mentioned,” he said. Families of their home town either identified with Puma or Adidas, never both. When Adolf (in 1978) and Rudolf (in 1974) died, they were buried at opposite ends of the town cemetery.

Now, Adidas has a market value of US$15.6 billion, while Puma values at US$4 billion. Even after 70 years, Adidas and Puma still go head-in-head competing with each other, spending billions of dollars every year for research and development to come up with the next big product to drive customers to their brand.

The story begins after the end of World War 2. The second World War was fought between Axis (Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria) and Allied powers (U.S., Britain, France, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Yugoslavia). Axis lost. After Hitler, Allied powers decided to divide Germany into 4 parts. Later they merged and divided into two- became West Germany and East Germany. It was divided on the basis of Capitalist and Communist ideas.

On August 13, 1961, the Communist government of the German Democratic Republic (GDR, or East Germany) began to build a barbed wire and concrete “Antifascistischer Schutzwall,” or “antifascist bulwark,” between East and West Berlin. The official purpose of this Berlin Wall was to keep so-called Western “fascists” from entering East Germany and undermining the socialist state, but it primarily served the objective of stemming mass defections from East to West. 

Even though Berlin was located entirely within the Soviet part of the country (it sat about 100 miles from the border between the eastern and western occupation zones), the Yalta and Potsdam agreements split the city into similar sectors. The Soviets took the eastern half, while the other Allies took the western. This four-way occupation of Berlin began in June 1945.

Permanent Migrations also started. This was uni-directional- communism was centralised, with less job opprtunities, the conditions deteriorated so much that until 1961, 20 percent (around 3.5 million people) of east population had settled to west.

The east government started thinking of solution to this Brain drain. The post war agreement divided the capital Berlin into two. The eastern part would be under the influence of Soviet Union and west would be under the influence of allies.

On 13th August 1961, the wall was revealed to the world. But the public was definitely disappointed. Some people simply tried to climb over the wall at night when the guards were not able to see. so the east government put barbed wires on the top of the wall. As time passed government started making the wall stronger and with this, people also got creative in ways of escaping.

On February 1989, a man hit the wall with a very heavy cargo truck. he escaped through the hole. To stop these kind of escapes, government started using innovative ideas.

In February 1985, East Germany got a new leader Mikhail Gorbachev. He recognised and acknowledgd the problems. He decentralised the political and economic controls, brought two measures Perestroika (reconstructing and Glasnost (Transparency), allowed private company to enter.

Finally eastern government decided to ease the regulations. On November 9 1989, due to a misunderstandimg by spokesperson, the news spread that the Fall of Berlin would come into effect immediately.