Day: October 5, 2021

How powerful is a hydrogen bomb? And how it works?

At 8:15 on the morning of 6th august 1945, all people saw was a blinding light followed by complete darkness and destruction. It was the most powerful weapon ever created by mankind. It unleashed energy and radiation that killed a hundred and forty thousand people in the industrial city of Hiroshima, Japan. Today we have thermonuclear weapons, also called as the hydrogen bomb. Edward Teller, a Hungarian physicist, worked on the Manhattan project to produce the first atomic bomb based uranium fission, teller had long been interested in a hydrogen fusion bomb, but secrecy and the lack of access to computers contributed to slow progress. Stanislaw Ulam, a polish mathematician realized that a fission bomb could be used as a trigger for a fusion reaction. It is believed that teller seized on this for what became, in 1951, the “Teller-Ulam” design. Most sources agree that the H-bomb works in a series of stages, occurring in microseconds, one after the other. A narrow metal case houses two nuclear devices separated by polystyrene foam. One is ball shaped, the other is cylindrical. The ball is essentially a standard atomic fission bomb. When this is detonated, high energy radiation rushes out ahead of the blast.

The first H-Bomb test took place on November 1, 1952 on the small Pacific island of Elugelab.

How a hydrogen bomb works?

The first hydrogen bomb released the energy equivalent of 10 million tons of TNT. While the atomic bomb works on the principle of releasing energy through splitting of atoms called fission, a hydrogen bomb works by fusion of atoms together and it produce more energy than the atom bomb. Fusion is more powerful than fission. It is the same process that powers our sun. And when fission is combined with fusion in hydrogen, it creates energy orders of magnitude higher than fission alone which makes the hydrogen bomb hundreds to thousands of times more powerful than atomic bombs. The fusion portion of the bomb creates energy by combining two isotopes of hydrogen called deuterium and tritium to create helium. Unlike a natural hydrogen atom that is made of one electron orbiting around one proton, these isotopes have extra neutrons in the nuclei. A large amount of energy is released when these two isotopes fuse together to form helium, because a helium atom has much than these two isotopes combined. This excess energy is released. One of the main problems with creating the hydrogen bomb was obtaining the tritium. Scientists found that they can generate this inside the hydrogen bomb with a compound combining lithium and deuterium.

Scientist chose hydrogen for fusion, because it has only one proton and thus would have less electrical charge than atoms with multiple protons in their nuclei. It is possible to combine nuclei when the temperature is increased. Temperatures needed are astronomically higher than ever that at the center of our sun – 100 million degree Celsius. The center of the sun is 15 million degrees.  At this temperature the isotopes become a form of matter called plasma. Now the electrons orbiting are stripped away from the nucleus. At this temperature the nuclei combined with each other and form a helium nucleus and a free neutron. But how is a temperature of 100 million degrees achieved? This is where the fission or atomic bomb is inside the hydrogen bomb enclosures comes into play. This fission provides the energy needed to heat up the fusion reaction. A hydrogen bomb is actually three bombs in one. It contains an ordinary chemical bomb, a fission bomb and the fusion bomb. The chemical bomb initiates the fission bomb, which initiates the fusion bomb. All these events happens in only about 600 billionths of a second, 550 billionths of a second for the fission bomb implosion, and 50 billionths of a second for the fusion bomb. The result is an immense explosion with a 10 million ton yield, 700 times more powerful than an atom bomb. Only six countries have such bombs, china, France, India, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The world now has over 10,000 such bombs capable of easily destroying every single person on earth many times over.

“I don’t know what weapons countries might use to fight world war III, but wars after that will be fought with sticks and stones”. – Albert Einstein

HOPE

Every time we look in the mirror we hope to find the person we have always wanted to become and not our actual self. But the fun about this whole hoping and wishing is that we never accept and move on, we continue to hope. People say hoping is what makes our life beautiful and worth living but in reality it is the fact that we try and work hard towards getting what we hope for, that makes our life adventurous and value hyping.  Hope isn’t something that lead us dream unattainable but rather it is something that compel us to work hard enough to attain the unattainable. We decide to put our best foot forward in the battle field, we aim on reaching the top end of the ladder, we become courageous enough to climb that mountain peak and all that because of one not so little thing- HOPE. How amazingly pure this emotion of hope is that we surrender ourselves with all our might to it regardless of the moment, time, person or our own actions. Hope takes us to another beautiful emotion called- FAITH. Faith isn’t something that will take us places but it is definitely something that describes the world in much more innocent sense and leads us to the path of prospect. Hope is something that can make us optimistic about future, something that can make us fight the toughest battles of our life and eventually win them with zero loss. Hope brings out the best in life it describes each of our act with certainty of killing it and accomplishing the unimaginable.

Hope knock together the possibility of a future so different from present and yet so close to our past. Hope turns us into the being so true to our own selves that we dream big and pull of something even bigger. Hope sticks us to the ground reality but at the same time motivates us to alter that reality into our biggest ambition. Our fantasies start growing into reality and making more sense to us as we hope of realizing it. With each step closer to the goal, we take a jump upwards the clouds of hope. As soon as we start accepting the fact that with each of our day of hoping more we accomplish more we begin to hope more and in the constant act of hoping and genuinely conquering we end up hoping what we did not even suppose of wishing of and ultimately getting it. Hope regenerates the self- confidence which life’s unpredictability robbed us off. Hope gives rise to general feeling of completeness even when events around us seem a little unfair. Hope does not cause us doubt our self worth instead it furthers our treasure of self believing powers. We gain and loose in life simultaneously but hope ameliorate the realization of loosing and celebrate the actions of gaining. Hope optimizes everything around us, it looks straight into the black sky and wonder in the stars assisting us to trust the process and pray to hope forever.

Photo by Rodolfo Clix on Pexels.com

Sports

Sports happy way to stay fit. Sports has now change the way we live. Sports help us to stay fit while you are having fun. Playing sports also improve your personality and give few more skills.

Sports teaches us the sportsman spirit. It helps us to build a teen spirit among us. It’s such childhood pleasure. It’s time when we forgot our all worries and just focus on a happiness and on the sport.

It helps us to increase our concentration power as well. It helps us to stay fit, and from the word that I mean both mental as well as physical fitness. Value place port you doesn’t need to go to gym and all the stuff wish you don’t like to do.

It’s just not academic that is important being is sports is equally important. Being in sport doesn’t mean that you have to be a professional or a very good clay for it you can just played for your happiness your leisure time, just for fun.

It bills a healthy competition environment. It helps us to stay away from mental diseases like depression, anxiety, stress, etc. It teaches us some really important lessons in a life like how to be optimistic, there is always another way for any problem, there is always something good at the end, if you lose by one score that doesn’t mean you are not good it’s just the luck and you have to try for the next time.

HOW TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF UNEMPLOYMENT?

The problem
of unemployment is a serious problem which if not cured duly, leads to poverty.
In India, this problem is a quite major one. Currently, a whole of 13.3% of the
Indian population is unemployed. Basically, it is a situation where people are
willing and able to work but are not getting any jobs due to many reasons.
These people include only those who are above the age of 18 years because of
the child labor law in India. There are various measures to cure this type of
situation. Let’s discuss them.

 

1.INCREASING
THE GROWTH RATE OF GDP

One way to
solve this problem could be the aggregate growth of the GDP. In the next 10
years, this growth rate must be 8%-9% so that the economy will grow and
eventually the employment opportunities will increase.

 

2.POPULATION
CONTROL

The rapid
growth of population needs to be reduced because the employment opportunities
available or being created are not enough to absorb the increasing labor force
in the country. If the opportunities are less and are not being able to
increase then eventually, the population will have to be reduced.

 

3.AGRICULTURAL
SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

If only the
agricultural sector will grow, then it is possible to create more employment
opportunities for the existing labor force. This growth is possible with the
help of modern and advanced technology, better irrigation facilities, reform of
land laws and the increase in public investment.

 

4.ENGOURAGE
THE SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRY

The
small-scale enterprises needs to be encouraged and supported more because these
industries will help create more of such employment opportunities for the
people residing in the villages. Also, such industries would help in the
development of the rural areas and contribute towards the economic growth.

 

5.IMPROVED
INFRASTRUCTURE

The
infrastructure is a crucial part of the economy. The better the infrastructure,
the more will be the economic growth. These infrastructures boost the growth of
industrial and agricultural sector and hence, more opportunities would be
created.

 

6.EMPLOYMENT
PROGRAMS

The
government needs to plan special employment programs with the only aim of increasing
employment in the nation. These plans must be given attention precisely and not
only this, but the government should also make sure that the implementation is
strict. A lot of times, programs or incentives are introduced for the help of
the less privileged section of the society but still it does not provide with
expected results due to the inefficiency in the execution. The people who are
targeted for such programs are completely clueless about them and hence, no one
benefits from this.

 

7.CREATION
OF SELF-EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

The government
must also provide with various facilities like financial assistance, training
of skills, availability of inputs and marketing of products so that more
self-employment opportunities would be created. These types of opportunities
are basically those which does not need a superior to hire people. Here, people
start their own business or a start-up and employ themselves.

 

8.IMPROVEMENT
IN EDUCATION SYSTEM

The
education system in a lot of regions in the nation is still backward and not up
to the development we have made. Therefore, people still don’t have the apt
knowledge and qualification required for most of the jobs. This system needs to
be upgraded so that every student has the same opportunities in the future.

your vote matter?

What is voting? Why is it important?The very first thought which comes to our mind when we think about voting is ‘democracy’. So before understanding voting and its importance, we first need to know about the supportive pillar that provides the right to vote which is democracy. So, Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation or to choose governing official.

The notion of democracy has evolved over time considerably. The original form of democracy was a direct democracy. The most common form of democracy today is a representative democracy, where the people elect government officials to govern on their behalf such as in a parliamentary or presidential democracy.Democratic principles are reflected in all eligible citizens being equal before the law and having equal access to legislative processes.The term “democracy” is sometimes used as shorthand for liberal democracy, which is a variant of representative democracy that may include elements such as political pluralism; equality before the law; the right to petition elected officials for redress of grievances; due process; civil liberties; human rights; and elements of civil society outside the government.

The present form of democracy is mostly representative democracy , where people elect the government on their behalf to govern the country. So the question arises that how the people select their representatives ?There lies a very simple answer to it e.g. Through voting. The very fundamental principle of democracy is that everyone is equal before the law and has equal rights. So, every vote has equal weight in a democracy. The vote of an ordinary citizen is as important as a vote of the prime minister or the president of the country. The term “democracy” is sometimes used as shorthand for liberal democracy, which is a variant of representative democracy that may include elements such as political pluralism; equality before the law; the right to petition elected officials for redress of grievances; due process; civil liberties; human rights; and elements of civil society outside the government.

Elections aren’t just about who’s in office. They’re about which policies are put in place and where money is spent. Decisions are made every day around issues such as healthcare, education, fair wages, the environment, taxes, housing, and public safety. When people choose not to vote, they’re giving their voice and power to someone else. A majority vote is a formal expression of an individual’s choice for or against some motion (for example, a proposed resolution); for or against some ballot question; or for a certain candidate, selection of candidates, or political party. A preferential vote may allow the voter and/or elected representative to cast one, some or many preferences. In elections, many countries use a secret ballot, a practice to prevent voters from being intimidated and to protect their political privacy.

There has always been a dilemma in society about voting and the most frequent one is that “Does voting matter?”. Voting is the fundamental basis of democracy. Instead of taking it as a burden , rather we should seek it as our responsibility because the purest truth of democracy is that ” every vote matters”. Everyone’s vote is counted and there have been several instances in the past where a single vote became a game changer. Besides, there also lies several dimensions of voting processes. In a democracy the voting system not only gives us the right to vote but it can also act as a weapon of protest. So , voting is a highly effective method to have the change that we want in the government. you have the power to decide on the quality of life you want for yourself and future generations. We may be happy with our present situation but there are several things that require the support from the society and the people. Voting is the way to express commitment to ourselves ,one another and to the whole country. For a well developed society we have to choose those people who want to work for the development of society and people. So for a smart society we need smart people and for those smart people we need to vote first so that they can be selected. We are the ones who define our present and future through our votes by choosing the right candidate.

One should take pride in the right to vote and make proper use of the most coveted right, which is the right to vote. Voting is not something that affects the lives of one or two persons, rather it has a huge impact on millions of people and even the entire country. So voting is the duty of every citizen as it matters to us and it is also a way of showing patriotism and respect towards the country.

Vote
Human right
Politics
votE MATTERS
Election
Democracy

Having trouble sleeping?

Half of the population is facing  problem with sleep because some can not simply fall asleep. This is also known as insomnia. Insomnia is common and is mostly considered to be normal. However, the effect of not sleeping enough or change in the sleeping routine can indirectly effect our mental as well as physical health. When the sleep routine changes, it changes our eating habits as well as degrade our performance. One who is healthy and prepared is full of energy and have the potential to perform tasks better.

Stress or anxiety is the main cause for sleeplessness which can be resolved by letting out the stress or implying techniques to make our body suitable for sleeping. Techniques such as Yoga posses and exercise causes direct impact on the body which inturn relaxes the muscles.

Here are three simple and easy steps to follow if you are facing a problem sleeping.

1.Viloma Pranayama

Viloma Pranayama is a commonly used Yoga Pranayama, also called Single Nostril Breath or Alternate Nostril Breathing. This technique can be done while sitting or in a lying position.

To perform this technique, one must inhale a large amount of air while placing a finger to block one side of the nostril and hold it for about 3-4 seconds and then slowly exhale breath. This is to be done vice versa, holding the left nostril after the right nostril and the process could be repeated 7-8 rounds at once.

It is known to be effective and one does not require training to perform the technique.

2.Bhramari Pranayama

Bhramari Pranayama is one of the easiest technique of Pranayama also called ‘Bee Breath’. One can perform by either putting both index fingers on each side of the ear or even by covering the eyes using four fingers of both the hand.

It is important to stay in a quiet and peaceful environment so that all the focus and attention can be put in the humming and breathing pattern.

One should keep the mouth closed and take a deep breath and then exhale slowly, making a humming sound ‘Om’ . Repeating 4-5 times twice a day could make the respiratory system function smoothly. It is an important technique to make the heart beat level balanced, especially for the people suffering from respiratory diseases.

3.Stretching The Body

One of the most natural and easy technique to perform before bed is stretching. It could be any kind of stretch best suitable for the performers.

It can also be achieved by a simple method of stretching out the leg in a straight manner and reaching for the feet with both hands

Stretching improves circulation of blood, flexibility, mobility, relaxes the muscles and can give you a warm and comfortable sleep.

It is important to note that in order to get a better sleep, one must avoid over thinking and complete all the important task to avoid frustrations. Our mind must be in a peaceful state

Who is the girl with the pearl earring

The woman stands, a dark, ill-lit scene surrounds her, making it seem 3D, almost real; that is the girl with the pearl earring. 

Girl with the pearl earring is perhaps one of the most famous paintings to ever exist, also known as The “Mona Lisa of the North” this art piece by the dutch artist Johannes Vermeer is undoubtedly his most recognized work.

Vermeer and his style

Johannes Vermeer, a dutch painter born in 1632, in Delft, Netherlands is one of the most celebrated artists of all time. Although he was not very well known in his time, his work was posthumously recognized by critics.

Vermeer portrayed typical scenes in his art, ordinary everyday scenes. People doing everyday tasks, nothing out of the box,but these scenes were very skillfully painted. The perspective and the orientation of light was all very precise. For instance his painting The Music Lesson (1665), at first glance it seems a pretty simple painting of a teacher giving a piano lesson but there’s always more than meets the eye, the tiles show a perspective leading up to the student, the light coming through the window forces the observer to focus their attention right in the middle. The observer is not conscious of these things but influences them in some way.

What is so special about it?

A painting’s prevalence is not just determined by how good the painting itself is, but what the painting represents,the political environment during the time it was painted, and controversies it is involved in.

Girl with the pearl earring was painted in 1665, which shows a young woman looking directly at the observer. She can be seen wearing a turban, a mustard cardigan and a pearl earring. This painting is different from all of vermeer’s paintings, the lady is not doing any chore rather she just looks at the observer, this along with her inconspicuous eyebrows led to it’s comparison with the Mona Lisa. but it is not a portrait, it is a tronie.

Her lips are slightly parted, her gaze is at the observer. It looks almost 3D. Vermeer used a technique called sfumato for this painting, a technique that involves blending of colors to give a blurry or hazy appearance. Vermeer left out a lot of details,It is a tronie 

This was painted during a time when the church or the royals held power and depicted a working class girl. The pearl earring could be ironic. also the pearl is too big to be real, therefore the critics speculate that he could’ve intentionally painted it that way, to make it seem fake and also 17th century dutch women did not wear turbans.

Later assessment 

Vermeer ‘s work was assessed in the 19th century by a critic, which led to his recognition and became widely mainstream only in the 21st century.

A novel has also been written around this painting called  Girl with the Pearl Earring in 1999, written by Tracy Chevalier and later in 2003, a movie was also made, inspired from the book, with Scarlet Johansen playing the protagonist.

The painting sits Mauritshuis, The Hague, Netherlands

Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp start reconnecting after nearly 6-hour outage

Thousands of users on Monday reported that they were unable to access the services WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook. Social media users took to Twitter to report that they were unable to access the services of the aforementioned sites.

Downdetector.com, a website that tracks issues related to traffic on major websites, also saw a spike in number of reports which confirmed that a large number of people are unable to access WhatsApp,Instagram,Facebook

More than 20,000 people have reported that the WhatsApp is not working for them. The web.whatsapp.com is also displaying this error message – 5xx Server Error. Instagram is also showing the same – 5xx Server Error message – message.

The Facebook website shows an error message “Sorry, something went wrong. We’re working on it and we’ll get it fixed as soon as we can.”

The WhatsApp messaging app is unable to send or receive

messages while Instagram and Facebook messaging platforms are also facing an outage.

News agencies Reuters and AFP have confirmed that the outage is faced by users worldwide. The outage has impacted potentially tens of millions of users. 

Candid Wüest, Acronis’s VP of Cyber Protection Research, said the outage may have happened due to issues with the BGP or DNS protocol.

“While there’s no confirmation on what caused the incident from Facebook Inc, it’s possible that the issue lies with the BGP or DNS protocol – which happen to be popular targets among cyber criminals…. Depending on what service is attacked – for example, if it’s a central authentication server shared between multiple brands, like in this case, then such a single outage can lead to multiple brands going offline. To be fair, we must note that most commonly such outages are caused by non-malicious actions – suspect it to be the case here too,” Wüest said in an email statement.