Facts about Yagnaseni- Draupadi

Draupadi’s birth

Draupadi was the daughter of King Drupada of Panchala. Draupadi was an unwanted child born to him. She was not born from her mother’s womb. Instead, it is said that Draupadi was born out of revenge as an adult. King Drupada was defeated by the Pandava prince Arjuna on behalf of Drona, who then took half of his kingdom. By burning the fire of revenge, king Draupada performed tapas followed by a Yajna to obtain a boy child as a means of blessing who can take revenge from Guru Drona. Draupadi appeared as a beautiful dark-skinned young woman from the sacrificial fire after her sibling Dhrishtadyumna.

Various names of Draupadi

Draupadi is one of the leading characters of Mahabharata. Draupadi is known by several names and each name defines her different qualities.

  • Drupadi – daughter of king Drupad
  • Panchali – Princess of the kingdom of Panchala
  • Parshati – Granddaughter of Prishata
  • Yagnaseni – Born from the sacrificial fire
  • Sairandhri – An expert maid
  • Nityayuvani – One who remains young forever and never becomes old.
  • Malini – One who makes garlands.
  • Krishnaa – Represent for her dark complexion and pure skin, radiating purity, honor, and principality.

Draupadi condition for Pandavas

Draupadi agreed to become the wife of five Pandavas on one condition, i.e., she would never share her household with any other women, which means the Pandavas had no right to bring their other wives to Indraprastha.

Draupadi cursed the Dogs

Draupadi mentioned a condition in front of Pandavas that only one brother was allowed to enter her chamber at a time. The Pandava who will enter her chamber will keep his shoes outside the chamber. The one who will violate this condition will be sent to long-term exile.

But one day, when Yudhisthar was in her chamber, the dog stole his shoes. Unaware of the fact Arjun entered the chamber of Draupadi seeing no shoes outside and saw his brother Yudhisthir with Draupadi copulating. Arjun was sent to exile as per the condition of Draupadi. Embarrassed Draupadi cursed dogs by saying: “All the world will see you copulate in public, stripped of all shame.”

Incarnation of Kali

There is a common belief in South India that Draupadi was also an incarnation of Maha Kali. She was born to assist Lord Krishna to destroy all the arrogant Kings. That is why they are considered brothers and sisters although Draupadi was born from fire.

Avatars of Draupadi

As per Narada Purana and Vayu Purana, she is the combined avatar of;

Goddess Shyamala (wife of Dharma)

Bharati (wife of Vayu)

Shachi (wife of Indra)

Usha (wife of Ashwin)

Parvati (wife of Shiva)

Draupadi blessed to be a virgin

Draupadi is one of Panchakanyas including- Sita( Kunti), Ahalya, Draupadi, Tara, and Mandodari , known as five virgins. She used to walk through fire to regain her virginity and purity before she moved to the next Husband.  Such rules were never perceived before this. Pandavas have other wives, but these wives used to stay with their parents and they used to travel to them to visit their wives in four years.

The change in current of philosophy

  • Introduction
  • Early references
  • The conditions to mastery
  • conclusion

Many question the relevance of philosophy in current times. Every other subject or field of study is given due importance- physics, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, geology, psychology, you name it! then why has philosophy dropped to simply graduate academics which very few people choose that too while being concerned about its scope and relevance in career and life. It is a matter of fact that all fields, if not all then majority have evolved from philosophy. The theories that have been expanded were once mere philosophical thought. For instance, the Archimedes principle.

This is where we need a change in perspective and practice.

Philosophy is to be studied, not for the sake of any definite answers to its questions, since no definite answers can, as a rule, be known to be true, but rather for the sake of the questions themselves.

Bertrand Russell, Problem of Philosophy

Philosophy, from Greek translates to love of wisdom. it involves rational, abstract and methodical consideration of reality as a whole, viewing it from multiple dimensions. Curiosity, rationality and abstractive are salient characteristics of philosophical thought. Philosophy, in primeval civilizations was considered to be art of living and not a subject of arts. Choosing a school, in that time, meant adopting their view of life and abiding by their ideals and practices. The school designed its students like an artist would design his piece of art. The schools of thought facilitated transformation of being and search for the eternal truth that would set human free from bondages and discover the intangible with its gifted intellect. Abilities were developed and put to test in these schools. The students were deeply engrossed in enquiry of reality both natural and abstract and its exportation to practice.

See the source image
The greek school of thought

Early references suggest that philosophy then was more intuitional, though it indicates a thought system acquired by intuitive experience and sustained by logical argument. Just like the Greeks term philos as love for wisdom; Indians call philosophy as Darshana and the field as darshan shastra. The word darshan in itself is vague but philosophically it means putting intuition to proof and propagating logically. A darshan is a spiritual perception, a whole view revealed to the soul sense. This soul sight, which is possible only when and where philosophy is lived, is distinguishing mark of a true philosopher. Only purity of soul can make a triumphant philosophy and an awakened philosopher. This purity is based on profound acceptance of experience, realized only when some point of hidden strength within man, from which he can not only inspect but comprehend life, is found. Philosophies arise from experiences of senses and soul and involves adroit introspection.

Philosophy seeks truth and the one in practice is a philosopher. The seeker after truth must satisfy certain essential conditions before he sets out on his quest. Samkara, in his commentary on first sutra of the Vedanta Sutras, makes out the four conditions essential for any student of philosophy.

Sri Samkara was a marvelous genius. He was a master of logic. Samkara’s philosophical conquests are unique in the world.  He expounded the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta.

The first condition is knowledge of the distinction between the eternal and the non-eternal.This means having a metaphysical bent that will not accept all it sees to be absolutely real and justified. There must be a questioning tendency in the inquirer and the spirit to probe all things, a burning imagination which could extract truth from mass of apparently disconnected data. The student must have a habit of meditation which allows him remain focussed.

The second condition is the subjugation of the desire for the fruits of action either in present life or a future one. It demands renunciation of all petty desires, personal motive and practical interests. The philosopher is a naturalist who should follow the movement of things without exaggerating the good and belittling the evil based on his prejudices. So, it is said that he must have no love of present or the future. Clear thinking and honest judgement must be developed.

To achieve a modest temper, he must suffer a change in heart, where a student is meant to acquire tranquillity, self-restraint, renunciation, patience, peace of mind and faith. This counts the third condition which asserts that only a trained mind which utterly controls the body can inquire and meditate endlessly till the end of life, never losing sight of the object and not for a moment letting it obscured by any terrestrial temptation. Such a courage to lose all for his highest end has to be developed. Physical and mental difficulties are to occur and in the midst of all suffering, he must build discipline. A spiritual discipline which includes pitiless self-examination will enable the seeker to reach his end of freedom.

The fourth condition is the desire for moksha or release. The one who has renounced all his material desires and is metaphysically minded has only one devouring desire to achieve the end or reach the eternal.

CONCLUSION

 Men have become so sceptical to trust their own decisions and judgements of life that they take refuge in scriptures, authority and tradition. Little do we create our own for ourselves and mankind.  The early geniuses – the philosophers, comprehended experiences on behalf of mankind, so the latter are eternally grateful to them. So, Question yourself and introspect how am I a philosopher? beacuse –

“The unexamined life is not worth living”

– Socrates

Sources

  • Indian Philosophy by S. Radhakrishnan

6 Useful Tips Before You Buying A New Router In 2021

In the modern day where internet connectivity is more than a need, Router plays and important and essential role in making life easy and simple.

BUT, WHAT IS ROUTER?

A router is basically a networking who’s work is to forwards data packets between computer networks. It is a small box that lets all of your wired and wireless devices use internet connection at once and also allows them to talk to another without having to do so over the internet. The router is connected to 2 or more data lines from different IP network. Routers works is to perform traffic directing functions on the Internet.

6 TIPS BEFORE YOU BUY A NEW ROUTER IN 2021:

Apart from the pandemic also it has been an unpredictable year with a lot of sudden boom in education, in work and in the whole world. The world now revolves around internet. There isn’t a second in a day that goes without internet, starting from E-learning, work from home, business meeting, online shopping, grocery shopping to chilling via Netflix, YouTube and much more. Therefore a well equipped router with a good connection is mandatory. Here are 6 tips that one should keep in mind before buying a router as the world is already heavily dependent on internet.

  • IN BUDGET:

Routers varies in price range starting from rupees 700 to even rupees 83,000 and above. It is necessary for a router to last long without being damaged. So it is always a good option to buy router that is a little bit expensive so that it would be well equipped and also last for a long time. The person who is going to invest in a router should be aware of the price range well in advance so as to avoid fraud and to make it worth the price.

  • AREA COVERAGE AND NETWORK:

Area coverage plays a crucial and important role in buying routers. More the coverage , better the signal. Choose a correct location to install the router for best results . Also it is good to have information about the type of the network. Letters at the end tells us a lot about the network. Letters ‘ac’ at the end indicate that the network is fastest whereas letter ‘b’ at the end indicate that the network is slowest. While installing check the USB port, check for damages if any and most important is to check the antenna. Apart from these ensure if the wires are not entangles, check the room is dust free, and make sure the router is clean so as to avoid network issues. Also select a dual band to have a broad and better coverage.

  • ROUTER SPEED:

People always end up buying routers with a much slower speed so as to save money and get disappointed with the result. So one important thing to keep an eye on is the speed of the router. Speed of about 50Mbps to 100Mbps would be pretty good for homes with 3 to 4 people. 2000Mbps is the fastest of any major residential internet provider. The Nighthawk AX12 is one of the fastest Wi-Fi routers present in the market. Incase you have Alexa or smart TV then you would require both good bandwidth as well as good coverage. So buy your router accordingly.

  • SECURITY:

While buying a router make sure you have the freedom to change and set the password of your own and also you have the complete control over your system as it is very important for security reasons. As we all know safety stands first , make sure your network is not easy to hack. If your router is secure then you can totally be stress free.

  • KNOW THE BEST:

Know what’s the best before buying anything. One of the best router in the market is mesh WIFI. Mesh WIFI is directed to be a whole home WIFI system. It provides un interrupted internet connection and also a plus point is that is it modern than other routers. Also it is easy to set up and it is uncomplicated which makes lives easier. The best thing about this mesh WIFI is that it is connected to your devices through an app and if any issues arises it will address the issues as quickly as possible unlike the normal routers in which one has to call the service provided for help which sometimes go unanswered and takes forever to solve the issue. WIFI 6 is another such router.

  • LIFE SPAN OF A ROUTER:

However a router has several features but at the end of the day it is a man made thing and it will eventually wear out. Just think about how much the router is been used everyday so it will affect the router after a period of time. The current lifespan of a router is about 5 years which is approximately 20,000 hours after which it needs to be upgraded for it to have best features and performance. If it shows problems like internet dis connectivity, taking longer time to download and poor signal then its high time to change and upgrade a new router. Ensure that you confirm the lifespan of the router before purchasing.

With all the tips one can easily purchase and set up a router leaving behind all the hassle. As already mentioned earlier router is a mad made device so it cannot be 100 percent perfect but with all these tips and tricks one can for sure be able to get an ideal router.

How to Discuss Your Reasons for Leaving a Job in Interview?

“I had a job insurance at an insurance company once, and the lady said, ‘Where do you see yourself in five years?’ I said, ‘Celebrating the fifth year anniversary of you asking me this question.”

  • Mitch Hedberg

When we say ‘a job’, do we only refer to a task that procures income? If you harbour such a myopic perspective, then it would be difficult for you to ace that interview which almost every individual fears. Sitting on that chair, surrounded by one or more interviewers and then confidently framing creative answers to their easy questions which seem difficult due to our nervousness seems so perilous! The thought of not being selected leaves us confused, nervous, and petrified which is why we cock things up and our tongues start shaking! However, what if I tell you that a job is actually an experience to make you smarter, bolder, and strategic with regards to business which should help you have your very own business in the future? What if instead of fearing the loss of one job, you accept the ideology that there are many fish in the sea and there would be other recruiters who would definitely discern your talent, if not the current ones? Don’t shy away. Show your true self to the interviewers. Be honest and confident. Speak what comes to your mind without worrying about vocabulary! Job interviews see ones capability of handling complex situations creatively which is why, they may whack your nerve and create an intimidating atmosphere. But it is you and your hope in the end that everything happens for good! Perhaps you aren’t hired here because some greater opportunity is awaiting you- this method of thinking will automatically create a confident interviewee and your fear or nervousness would die down. Gradually, those interviewers would seem like friends to you and your tone would embrace honesty! However, there can be a negative part to this thought. Just because you know that other good jobs await you doesn’t mean you would completely lose interest in the current interview and recruiters. This thought is only meant to calm an individual down and encourage him to perform his very best without worrying rejection!

So, what exactly is a job? It is the way you handle people. It is an experience of working amazingly under pressure because mostly, people tend to screw themselves under strict deadlines which isn’t the accurate method of having your own business either. You don’t want your customers to wait for a long long time just because working under pressure isn’t your thing! Thus, a job is not a duty that provides income but an experience that helps one become independent. Yes, urgent need for income may be the reason for that former definition of a job but instead of working for money, one must work for work to get efficient results that bear fruit. Money is a sidelined concept that would keep pouring in with the fantabulous consequences of your efforts!

Reason 1

Now that you are working in that company of your choice after practically nailing the interview with the above given thoughts and creative actions, you suddenly receive a new opportunity that sits incredibly with your qualifications and area of interest. It is the spot where you wouldn’t just work for money. However, doing two jobs simultaneously wouldn’t be possible due to clash in timings which means you may have to give up on the current one. You decide to submit the resignation here and wonder why you ever felt nervous for job interviews in the first place. Jobs keep changing and so do your preferences. However there is yet another interview, that final rendezvous with your boss to explain him the reason behind your resignation. You can’t bluntly state that this job doesn’t fulfill your expectations and area of interest anymore which means creating a suitable excuse that seems appealing and digesting to the recruiter.

You approach his cabin, formally greet him, and ask for a seat to discuss something important. Of course, you don’t begin directly with that departing statement because you want the situation to be under control. Firstly, you give a brief speech regarding your experience with the company and its colleagues, how much you enjoyed and how well your boss behaved. You thank your boss for his co-operation all along and also, for trusting and hiring you. Slowly but steadily, you ask for resignation. However, you don’t reveal directly but gradually that a new job is already out there awaiting you. So, all you say is:

“Firstly, I would like to thank you for hiring and trusting me with this job. I don’t know whether I have worked as per your expectations or not, but I surely have gained profound experience under your guidance. Not to mention, I am lucky to have such co-operative colleagues too who helped me grow. However, I feel that multiple experiences with several other types of people helps one blossom professionally which is why I have decided to look for another job offer wherein a new experience with new set of people would lay new standards to the usual ones in my life. I feel that doing one job offers a single experience which ends up creating a comfort zone from where one refuses to move out, later on. Thus, I want to splash my feet and hands to keep swimming in the pool of jobs! I hope you understand. Thank you once again for the amazing asset of experience! I bade my heartiest farewell and a sincere apology for this sudden decision.”

Reason 2

However, what if the new job offer you received, not only fulfills your area of interest but also provides a higher salary than the one you currently are in? The reason to leave should be as follows:

‘Thank you for trusting and hiring me sir. I have worked very hard for this company considering it close to my heart. I have also gained immense experience in this field with your support. However, I feel that with time, the difficulty level of work must increase to check on the capability of an individual and to escalate his adeptness in handling complex situations which is why, I have applied for a harder job in the same sector making me bid adieu to this company. I say this with a heavy heart but I really want to thank you for giving me a platform to showcase my talents. Of course, this isn’t a beginner’s job in the absolute sense but I definitely accrued considerable experience with you to work with my dream sector that demands more services and experiences. Thanking you once again along with a heartfelt apology.” (Handing the resignation letter)

Reason 3

What if there are certain personal reasons like your close one’s terminal illness? Here, you can reveal the reason directly since you aren’t disregarding the company with a genuine misery which anybody would understand. Reason could be as follows:

“Hello sir, I would like to thank you for hiring and trusting me with this job. This has always been my dream job and I definitely am enjoying it here. However, due to my mother’s sudden terminal illness I am forced to leave this job since handling the house chores and other responsibilities isn’t quite easy for my dad and aging grandma. If work from home would be possible, then I am eager to continue with this job. Thank you once again for your respect, admiration, and jaw dropping co-operation which really helped me improve.”

Reason 4

What if the travelling expense is huge due to the working distance? Frame a reason as follows:

“Working here has been a fantastic experience. Everyone’s a family here encouraging the other to bloom. I find myself grateful to have worked with this company. However, I helplessly am forced to take the decision of leaving this precious job though I would love to keep working here forever! Due to the working distance, I had been staying at a rented apartment right opposite to this building. But relations with the landlord have unfortunately deteriorated which meant me, evacuating that house. There are no other rental apartments near the office, neither am I ready to live as a paying guest. Thus, I have to return home and the travelling distance daily wouldn’t be affordable. Thus with a heavy heart and a genuine apology, I bade farewell. I remain thankful to you for showering me with loads of precious experiences and memories.”

Reason 5

You were working efficiently in a company until the pandemic arrived and made work from home a priority. You are happy working at home too but someone from your family is inflicted by the virus which is making it difficult for you to concentrate on your work since your loved one and his life matters the most. Thus, you decide to resign because one can’t possibly ask for a month’s leave! Since the use of online medium becomes mandatory now, you don’t directly message your boss on Whatsapp to seem casual. Instead, prefer emailing to do the same. Compose a formal email even if you are on friendly terms with your boss because one can’t ignore that employer-employee relationship which demands a decorum. You give the reason as follows:

“Greetings,

Thank you for hiring and trusting me with the responsibilities of this company. Working can’t be more exciting here. However, a jolting situation is forcing me to give up. One of our family members has been inflicted by the deadly virus thereby creating a chaotic situation at home. Of course, I am mentally disturbed with trauma and aren’t able to concentrate on the tasks provided. I don’t wish to compromise with the efficiency and quality of my work and have thus, arrived at the conclusion of demanding a resignation. I understand it to be a harsh move but my mind just wouldn’t remain stable and the responsibilities at home are being shared by all with the absence of one important member. Acknowledging the current situation, I thus want to bid farewell not without thanking you and providing a genuine apology! Below, you will find attached the resignation letter.

Regards,

XYZ”

Reason 6

There are certain other cases though where the boss doesn’t seem motivating or berates, demeans, and pressurizes you into working more than usual. Thus one fine day, the pressure cooker bursts and you decide to quit once and for all because as stated earlier, you don’t have to face sheer domination when there are plenty of fish in the sea. Work with dignity and respect because employees are assets without whom no company can touch the acme of success. You, as an employee are special and must therefore have the courage to free yourself from such demonic clutches and choose the ones who value you. If you are highly talented then there is no stepping back. You don’t have to adjust with the current working environments because your creative determination would definitely fetch you a new platform. This was just a brief note for all the employees who feel that they wouldn’t find a new job and keep tolerating the worst working conditions. Please believe and value yourself. Don’t surrender your honour to a cruel boss and then blame yourself to have a cruel fate. You design your fate so make sure, you choose the right people in it!

Getting back to what reason you would cite to get rid of such a menacing and mentally abusing job. Of course, this too can’t be revealed directly. You have to strategically plan your way out. Most of the people in such situations use any possible excuse, be it a lie. Of course, it has to be a professional lie so that your evil boss falls for it. But if you choose honesty, then your answer needs to be creative and persuasive. One may frame it as follows:

“Hello sir. I have been working since quite a long time and have enjoyed the job. However, I feel demotivated and am experiencing mental trauma because of which I wish to resign. I don’t want to compromise with the efficiency of my work and infuriate you later. In short, I need a break to gather myself. I need some family love to overcome mental instability. If need be, I might visit a psychiatrist to maintain sanity. Of course, you wouldn’t want a sick employee tarnishing your reputation because of stupid errors coming up in major projects. Before you fire me because of company losses, I choose to back off. Thank you for this opportunity and I apologize for this sudden breakdown.”

In short, make sure you include the company losses he would incur with your illness to convince him into expelling you because the meanest of bosses would never want their company to shatter.

Reason 7

At times, people end up quitting due to colleague discomfort. Some colleagues are jealous and thus, try creating hurdles in your work and at a point, you have had enough of it. You decide to give up and look for a comfortable spot that shares a friendly environment. Also, some colleagues are dominant and force you to work for them or perhaps, you are lonely and not a single colleague has extended the hand of friendship towards you which has really made work an uphill task for you. Good colleagues, happy environment, understanding boss, a motivating bond between the staff, and punctual paychecks are essential aspects that inspire you to work harder. But if a certain company is making you compromise with either of these aspects then it will be best to look for other options! Though you may not get that perfect environment everywhere, look for happy atmosphere with a successful group of friends who actuate and act as role models to help you flourish.

What reason would you cite to leave? Create it as follows:

“Greetings sir. I have always appreciated your versatile manner of handling important projects effectively. You have inspired me to put in not just massive but quality efforts that guarantee fruit. However, I’m afraid I don’t find the same inspiration from my colleagues. I feel that for employees to succeed, a correct set of co-workers is necessary along with an understanding boss because colleagues have the opportunity to learn from each other’s mistakes which can be considered a step towards excellence. Sadly, the atmosphere here doesn’t seem boosting but gloomy because no employee wants to share their views with the other. Friendships are few and far between and the colleagues are almost always like robots burying their heads in laptops. Though the job is quite interesting and has been my deep rooted preference, I am not receiving that amiable nudge to keep going. I don’t receive a few feedbacks from my colleagues neither do they ask for any. This isn’t accurate and would only limit us to single or absolute perspectives hindering our growth. You may say that co-workers don’t matter but they do, with regards to learning something new since every new individual carries some unique perspective which may trigger an amazing idea in the other. In short, sparse interaction between colleagues is making me arrive at the only available option- resignation! Thank you once again for being an amazing boss. I sincerely apologize for this harsh decision but I really need a happy environment to maintain sanity and fetch better results. Please accept my resignation.”

To summarize, the only way to ask for resignations is to emphasize the philosophical aspects as to why you are uncomfortable with that particular environment. Secondly, you highlight the losses that the company would suffer because of your instability and of course, you end on a happy note stating that you enjoyed the work and due to that particular cause are ‘forced’ to take such a step or that you need a ‘break’ so that your boss doesn’t feel offended. You must remember to formally converse with your boss because somewhere in the core of your heart, you’ve got to respect him for hiring you in the first place, even if he is evil. After all, you have definitely been paid and trusted. Taking such points into consideration, you should frame formal speeches.

Also, using business words is essential to sound professional because you aren’t speaking to a friend! For instance, there is a huge difference between the words ‘Resignation’ and ‘Leave’ in business dictionary. ‘Resignation’ means to leave permanently while ‘a Leave’ means to temporarily cease work due to personal reasons. Thus, business English can be complex and isn’t the same as normal English. Thus, when you speak to interviewers for the first time, ensure that you have completed a course in Business English communication skills to sound impressive. As seen in the responses above, I have made use of professional and mature reasons to seem convincing.

If you choose to speak as, “Hi sir. My mom is sick and I have to tend to her. Thus, I am quitting urgently.” This not only makes you sound unprofessional but also, as a liar even though you are genuine. That’s exactly why, the choice of words matters a lot. The way you interact, the serious expression you pull, and the creative philosophical reasons you provide make you look professional and genuine. Thus, one must focus on creating a grand impression on the CEO with words, sounding sweet as honey but camouflaging the harsh reality thereby cooling the situation down.

Quick reference that could help!

Thus, I would conclude stating that resignations need to be extremely formal because you don’t want to upset your boss by directly asking for it. That’s exactly why, you begin with a few consoling words to form a brief speech to engage your boss, then cite the problems you have been encountering, and gradually move towards the resignation part. During such a process, there is a possibility of receiving some solutions from your boss who could help eliminate them and if that’s the case, you wouldn’t want to quit. Be professional, be respectful, think about others, frame a formal speech, and reflect deeply over your choice of words!

All The Very Best!

7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD

A campaign launched by Swiss Foundation in the year 2000 to determine New 7 wonders of world, selecting them out of 200 existing monuments around the world. Bernard Weber, a Canadian-Swiss and the New 7 Wonders Foundation (N7W) based in Zurich, Switzerland organized a poll via free Web-based voting and small amounts of telephone voting too. Around 100 million votes were recorded on internet or text message, and people around the world agreed with that. The closing decision was declared in the year 2007, appreciated with cheers as well as received some taunts too. But after all this we finally got our 7 wonders i.e., Great wall of China, Chichen Itza, Petra, Machu Picchu, Christ the Redeemer, Colosseum and Taj Mahal.

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

Must be thinking, what is there to talk about a wall? Great is just a small word for this wall build in China. One of the tremendous projects which gave us the longest building ever constructed. It is claimed that The Great Wall of China is 5,500 miles (8850 kms) long in length. The project began in 7th century and continued for 2000 years. Thought the wall was constructed parallelly to prevent raid and incursion but the wall couldn’t succeed to provide the security.

CHICHEN ITZA

Chichen Itza is situated in Mexico on Yucatan Peninsula in Mayan city. Developed in the 9th and 10th centuries CE. The steps of pyramid EI Castillo (the castle) which is 24 meters above the plaza. The total 365 steps feature the numbers of days in a year. During the spring and autumn season the setting sun throws the shadow on the pyramid gives the illusion of snake moving smoothly.

PETRA

Petra, the ancient city is in remote valley settle in the middle of the sandstone mountains and cliffs. In addition, there is a water system constructed only for gardening and farming. City began to turn down when trade direction shifted, it was also hit by an earthquake in 363 CE and Petra was slowly abandoned.

MACHU PICCHU

It is in Peru near Cuzco. Machu Picchu was discovered in the year 1911 by Hiram Bingham. He believed that it is a shelter to “virgins of the sun” women who gives their lives to God, and helps in preprint ritual food, weaving the garment use for rituals etc. Nearly in the year 2000 a crane was use for ad fell and left the monument cracked.

CHRIST THE REDEEMER

Christ the redeemer 98 feet tall, excluding the base which is about 26 feet high, and it’s expanded arms spreads about 92 feet. It is counted in world’s largest art sculpture. Redeemer is build-up of reinforced concrete and approx. six million tiles are used to cover it. In the year 2014 during the storm Redeemer’s right thumb got damaged.

COLOSSEUM

Vespasian order to build the Colosseum in Rome by a feat of engineering. The amphitheatre measures 620 by 513 feet with the capability of holding 50000 people, who can watch variety of events. Over 5,00,000 people died in Colosseum. Some of the animal species became extinct.

TAJ MAHAL

Taj Mahal is considered as one of the iconic monuments in the history. It was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. It took 20,000 workers and 22 years to construct this magnificent mahal. This mahal is made of white marble with floral pattern.

𝑴𝑬𝑴𝑶𝑹𝑰𝑬𝑺 𝑶𝑭 𝑴𝑰𝑹𝑹𝑶𝑹𝑺

“THE WORLD IS A GREAT MIRROR. IT REFLECT BACK TO YOU WHAT YOU ARE”

Well you see there was this magical substance during the time of the ancients known as “𝐖𝐀𝐓𝐄𝐑”, it coalesced in small or large pools, some greater than the size of hundreds of men, and into these mythical pools brave men would sometimes look in observation, only to be shocked as a perfect reproduction, spoiled only slightly by the waves of the pools magic looked back at them. Another option would be to use a melting sheet of ice or finely polished stones or crystals. Not until metals were smelted and polished could people see a clear and bright reflection. However, if the lighting conditions are just right, primitive people could have seen their reflection in each other’s or an animal’s eyes.

PURPOSE :

The purpose of this study is to consider the ancient history and early development of mirrors, because mirrors played a key role in refraction and magnification for an extended period of time before the invention of spectacles, including broad use in Roman times.

𝗨𝗦𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗜𝗥𝗥𝗢𝗥

everyday life, many people tend to avoid looking at themselves for more than a quick glance. They don’t want to activate their own critical thoughts about their appearance. We are socialized to compare our physical image with ideals and standards. That’s how we typically use 𝗠𝗜𝗥𝗥𝗢𝗥 But, whether we realize it or not, ‘mirrors and reflective’ surfaces also play an important role in our psychological and emotional functioning.

We use the mirror as we do face-to-face communication, to get feedback on who we are and what we are experiencing in the moment. A quick glance in the mirror reaffirms our sense of self. Mirrors help us regulate our emotions and sync up with ourselves and others. Mirrors simulate face-to-face contact with others. When we are in face-to-face interactions, we get feedback on what they are experiencing internally from others’ reactions to us. In fact, research finds that face-to-face contact is essential for developing 𝗲𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗲𝗴𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 in 𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗱 and throughout life.

People with 𝘀𝗼𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝘅𝗶𝗲𝘁𝘆 often have an inability to recognize their own emotions. It’s reasoned that because they spend less time in social interactions, they miss the face-to-face feedback that would help them be more aware and better regulate their emotions.studies using mirrors and video technology to help people recognize their own emotions and teach them 🅢︎🅔︎🅛︎🅕︎ 🅜︎🅘︎🅡︎🅡︎🅞︎🅡︎🅘︎🅝︎🅖︎ to soothe themselves when they’re feeling 𝑺𝑬𝑳𝑭 𝑨𝑵𝑿𝑰𝑬𝑻𝒀 and others aren’t around to offer reflection and support.

Experiments that use mirrors to create visual anomalies show that our brains crave consistency between vision and proprioception.

Mirrors are essential to every home. They help us in our daily mundane lives, though we rarely ever really appreciate their usefulness. From the moment we get up at night to the time we ready ourselves for sleep, we almost always seek for a mirror to take a look at ourselves. Mirrors reflect to us how we look, how clothes fit us, and how things fit. People always love to know how things look on and with them. It gives us the chance to appreciate and be thankful. There is something to be said about how, after a day of straining our eyes, looking at everything else in the world, we know that we could always also look at ourselves with the help of a handy mirror. Everywhere you go, there are almost always mirrors present. There are clear mirrors that reflect perfectly the image of the thing or the person in front of them, and then there are also tinted mirrors that serve as either classy decors, or as a barrier for a bit of privacy. Mirrors are part of our daily lives without us even consciously recognizing them.

BUILDING A GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH YOUR COLLEAGUES

10 Things You Need to Know about Asteroids:

Asteroids are small, atmosphere-less rocky objects orbiting the Sun. Here are 10 things that you might not know about these planet-like celestial bodies that can crash into the Earth and create havoc.

  1. They were Created at the Same Time as the Earth:

Many astronomers believe that asteroids are rocky leftovers from the formation of the Solar System 4.6 billion years ago. One theory is that after the Big Bang, dust particles came together to form celestial objects through a process called accretion – smaller objects came together with other small objects, creating larger space rocks. Some of these celestial rocks were able to grow large enough to develop their own gravity and became planets. Many others were held back from getting together by Jupiter’s gravitation force. These became asteroids.

Because they revolve around the Sun like planets do, asteroids are also sometimes called planetoids or minor planets.

  1. Most are Found in One Area:

Of the millions of asteroids that inhabit our solar system, a majority can be found in a region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This region is called the Asteroid Belt.

3. A Very Lonely Area:

Imagining the Asteroid Belt as in the movies – a small strip of space littered with huge rocks intent on mowing down your space ship?

Well, imagine again because the Asteroid Belt is nothing like that. In fact it is a very lonely place for an asteroid. Astronomers estimate that the average distance between two asteroids in the asteroid belt is about 600,000 miles (966,000 km). This is about 2.5 times the distance between the Earth and the Moon. That is a lot of space between two neighboring asteroids!

  1. Not all of Them Reside in the Belt:

While most of the known asteroids live in the Asteroid Belt, there are many that orbit the Sun outside this belt. For example, Trojan Asteroids, named after the Trojan Wars in Greek Mythology, follow the orbits of a planet. Jupiter has two clusters of Trojans following its orbit around the Sun – the one ahead of the planet is called the Greek Camp and the one behind is known as the Trojan Camp.

In 2010, scientists discovered the first Trojan Asteroid, 2010 TK7, that follows the Earth’s orbit.

Asteroids that are pushed close to the Earth’s orbit are known as Near Earth Asteroids.

  1. They Come in Different Sizes:

Asteroids can measure anywhere between a few feet to several hundred miles in diameter. The largest asteroid known to man, Ceres, is about 590 miles (950 km) in diameter.

Astronomers estimate that if all the asteroids in the Solar System were put together, the size of the resulting rock will be much smaller than our Moon!

  1. And Yet, some Asteroids have Moons:

About 150 Asteroids are known today to have one or more moons orbiting them. The most famous of these is Dactyl, a small moon orbiting Ida, an Asteroid Belt asteroid.

7.They can be Classified According to their Composition:

Most Asteroids fall into one of three groups based on their composition: C, S and M types. The composition is determined by how far the asteroid was from the Sun during the time of its formation.

About two-thirds of all asteroids are thought to be C type asteroids. These asteroids are very dark, with an average albedo of about 0.06 and are thought to have a similar composition as the Sun. They can be found in the outer regions of the Asteroid Belt

S type asteroids are considerably brighter with an average albedo of 0.16. These asteroids are usually found in the inner regions of the Asteroid Belt and are composed of iron and magnesuim silicates.

M type asteroids can be found in the middle of the Asteroid Belt and are much brighter than an average albedo of 0.19. These are mostly composed of Iron.

8.This makes Asteroids Attractive to Miners:

Asteroid mining? That is no longer in the realm of science fiction. Asteroids are rich sources of metals like Iron, Platinum and Titanium, metals that humans use daily to build and create things. In addition, scientists believe that water present on the surface of these asteroids could be broken down and used as fuel for space vehicles.

While asteroid mining hasn’t started yet, many companies around the world have started exploring the idea seriously.

9.Close Encounters of the Asteroid Kind:

The Earth’s atmosphere acts as a shield protecting us from meteoroids and other objects that populate space. When a meteoroid enters the atmosphere, it usually burns up before hitting the surface of the Earth. If any part of the meteoroid survives and hits the surface of the Earth, it is called a meteorite.

What are Meteor Showers?

Sometimes however larger space objects collide with the Earth’s atmopshere and impact the surface of the Earth. Scientists have identified about 100 sites on Earth that may have been impacted by a large asteroid or comet.

While no humans have been killed due to a meteorite in recent history, there is some worry among the scientific community about the possiblity of a large asteroid impact and the effect it may have on human life.

  1. An Asteroid may have Killed the Dinosaurs:

In fact, there is a theory prevalent among the scientific community that it was an asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs. Many scientists believe that the epicenter of the mass extinction of the dinosaurs lies in the Chicxulub Crater, an impact crater that was discovered under the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico.

𝑰𝑴𝑷𝑶𝑹𝑻𝑨𝑵𝑪𝑬𝑺 𝑶𝑭 𝑺𝑳𝑬𝑬𝑷

Sleep is one of the most important things you need to do for your body because it is your body’s way of recharging its batteries. When you begin to feel sleepy at night, it means that you have reached the limit that your body has, and you should sleep so that you do not over-exert yourself.

Many people don’t get enough sleep at night, mostly because so many of us have turned into night owls who love to do so many things at night instead of the daytime. These are terrible habits, and we must learn to get rid of them by paying attention to the importance of sleep.

For example; a bad habit like this would be watching TV shows late at night despite knowing that we have to wake up early the next morning.

When we sleep, the brain recharges itself and heals our bodies in whichever parts we need healing. When we sleep, our blood vessels and circulatory system heal themselves. If you have a bruise, you will notice that it has healed a little bit when you go to sleep and wake up in the morning. Sleep does the same thing for the rest of the body as well, and it is essential to allow your batteries to charge while you heal yourself.

Many of us struggle with our sleep because of the prevalence of mobile phones and other addictive screens in our lives. Some severe problems can enter our lives when we do not get enough sleep. This can range from mental health problems like depression and anxiety to even physical ailments and issues like diabetes, cardiac arrest, obesity, high blood pressure, etc. We must be careful and get a good 6-8 hours of sleep every night.

The average hours that one adult should be sleeping every night is 8 hours, or you can give or take one or two hours. The problem with all the generations in the world is that there are so many disturbances around us that can easily distract us from what is essential. One such example of this is mobile phones – it is easy to get addicted to mobile phones that contain an entire world and keep scrolling through it instead of going to sleep.

It is essential to understand the reason why sleep is vital. Getting enough sleep helps heal your bodies from any pain or injuries; it betters your immune system, cognitive memory, and thinking capacity. Furthermore, getting adequate sleep is vital for keeping our hearts and other systems clean and with a good bill of health. Without getting a good number of hours worth of sleep at night, we are putting ourselves at the risk of mental health disruptions as well as physical disorders and problems such as depression, anxiety, heart attacks, obesity (leading to various other issues), and even exhaustion which can ultimately disrupt one’s life. We must get enough sleep to look and feel fresh and healthy every day.

Benefits of Good Sleep

There are several benefits of getting a good sleep at night. It helps you maintain your body weight so that you do not become obese and add to this; there’s also the fact that people who sleep well at night often eat less than those who don’t, which also helps with the weight. Getting adequate sleep also increases your productivity by making you feel more energetic and giving you the time you need to rest. It also helps our lives be in a good mood, and good sleep puts a person in a good mood. Sleeping enough also allows our minds to function correctly and in a better way. Thus we can think better, and we also have a better memory power upon sleeping enough.

Conclusion

Getting adequate sleep is incredibly vital to our mental health and physical well-being. If we do not get enough sleep, we might get burnt out and not be able to carry out our lives in the way that we should be able to. Without the ability to do this, life can become painful and full of difficulties that may become complex over time. Thus, we must all take the initiative in our own lives to sleep on time and wake up on time to prevent any mental or physical blockages and hindrances.

If we do not get enough sleep at night, we will end up with terrible health. Most of us end up binge-watching television shows, movies, and even things like YouTube videos at night, and we usually do this at night because, in the daytime, we generally remain busy with other things, like school, office, other work, running errands, and stuff like that. We all think that because we do a lot of work in the daytime, the nighttime is, in a way, free time for us to do as we want. However, this is not the right way to go about life.

Essay about Importance of Sleep

We need to get enough sleep because, without it, our blood vessels and heart and other organs as such will stop healing by themselves. Without adequate sleep daily, our minds will always be occupied by one thing or another, especially about how tired we all may feel, and how we want to sleep. Sadly, many us don’t even realise this, and go about their day without sleeping much without knowing how it can affect them in the long run.

Risks for all kinds of health issues, including physical and mental health go up manifold without getting a good night’s sleep every day. Depression, anxiety, stress disorders, sleep disorders, heart attacks, diabetes, obesity, etc. are just a few of the dangers that come from not sleeping well at night.

The existing collection of books on freedom fighters in the Bhagat Singh Smarak to be converted into “Shaheed Smriti Pustakalaya”

 The University of Delhi organized a programme to pay homage and commemorate 90 years of martyrdom of our national icons of the Indian National Movement -Shaheed Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram Rajguru on ‘Shaheed Diwas’ in the Convention Hall of the Viceregal Lodge on 23rd March, 2021. Union Minister of Education , Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’, graced the occasion virtually as the Chief Guest and Prof. P.C. Joshi, Vice Chancellor, University of Delhi presided over the function. On this occasion Shaheed Bhagat Singh Smarak was inaugurated by the Union Minister of Education virtually.

 

To honour and value the sacrifices made by the National heroes and to drive out lessons of inspiration from their lives and times, the Government of India has declared 23rd March as ‘Shaheed Diwas’. History holds important lessons for the humanity and commemorating such events remind ourselves of the price paid by our ancestors for the freedom we enjoy today. Only by understanding its value we can keep the flame of freedom ignited among the people. 

On the occasion of the 97th convocation ceremony held at the University of Delhi, Shri Pokhriyal  stressed on the need of holding events that instil inspiration and pride in the youth of today, to absorb the values that our national heroes exemplified in making independent India a reality.

The existing collection of books on freedom fighters in the Bhagat Singh Smarak has been announced to be converted into “Shaheed Smriti  Pustakalaya” by the Union Minister of Education.  Tribute was paid to Shaheed Bhagat Singh and his associates through patriotic songs presented by the students and faculty members of the Music Faculty, University of Delhi. Homage was paid to Shaheed Bhagat Singh in the Chamber located in the basement of the Viceregal Lodge of the University where he was imprisoned.

The University organized various competitions–poetry, song, slogan and essay writing in all the Colleges. The topics for these competitions were related to Shaheed Diwas. The award winning students were felicitated by Prof. P.C. Joshi, Vice Chancellor, University of Delhi. Later, the award winning students also showcased their talents in front of the guests. Vice-Chancellor, University of Delhi announced that the Bhagat Singh Smarak shall remain open to the students and university community to inculcate values of freedom and sacrifice.

 

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Leveraging Blockchain, AI , ML, Cloud Computing for digital transformation

 Union Education Minister Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ chaired the 54th Meeting of the Council of Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) today through online medium. Minister of State for Education Shri Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre; Secretary, Higher Education Shri Amit Khare was also present in the meeting.

Union Minister congratulated Heads of all IITs and Chairpersons (BoG) for successfully continuing the academics during the challenging times of COVID-19 and for their remarkable contribution in combating the COVID-19 by way of new scientific research. He exhorted the IITs to become a driving force behind realizing the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat, as envisioned by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi.

Shri Pokhriyal asked IITs to develop Institute Development Plan as envisioned in NEP 2020 to improve the mobility of faculty between institution and Industry. The mobility of faculty members and industry experts between technical institutes and industry will promote collaborations between industry and academia, he added. Earlier, a committee was constituted under the chairmanship of Dr K. Radhakrishnan, Chairman, Standing Committee for IIT Council for suggesting recruitment of faculties in IITs (Industry interaction and mobility of faculty).

Union Minister also urged IITs to adopt One IIT – One Thrust Area approach based on local needs.

Digital Transformation using Blockchain, AI, ML, and Cloud Computing at IITs also came up for discussion during the meeting. It was recommended to constitute a taskforce to review use of technology at all IITs and also to accelerate deployment of digital tools. It was also recommended to undertake rationalization of staff from current standards to a lower number.

On the basis of the recommendation of the Chairman of Standing Committee for IIT Council, four Working Groups were constituted on the following issues related to NEP-2020:

Group-1: Graded Autonomy, Empowered and accountable BoG and Director

Group-2: Grooming distinguished academics for directorship of IITs

Group-3: Reform and restructuring of the Academic Senate

Group-4: Innovative funding mechanisms

The reports of the these groups and also of a new group which will work on faculty development will be presented in a meeting to be chaired Union Education Minister.

The Council also put up for consideration a suggestion to arrange Online IIT R&D fair to showcase the quality research work being done by IITs to showcase the R&D work of IITs to the industry. This may be followed by a physical fair in after normalization of present situation.

Highlighting several initiatives undertaken by the government, Shri Pokhriyal mentioned about approval of funds to improve the overall infrastructure of the 4 IITs at Madras, Delhi Kharagpur and Bombay. He spoke about making IITs as multi-disciplinary institutions for holistic growth in all disciplines of education, without losing its main focus on Scientific Research and Technology Development. He called upon IITs to make full use of the recently announced scheme National Research Foundation. He hoped IITs will strive to achieve the global rankings by 2022, the 75th Year of India’s Independence. He assured IITs of every possible help and support in terms of finance, administrative guidance, issues relating to various other Ministries and agencies of the Government.   

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Crores of students, teachers and parents from India and abroad to participate

 Union Education Minister Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ today announced the commencement of the registration process of the fourth edition of Prime Minister’s Interaction Programme with school students, teachers and parents – Pariksha Pe Charcha 2021 through his social media platform.

Pariksha Pe Charcha is a much-awaited annual event where the Prime Minister responds to questions related to examination stress and related areas posed by students in his uniquely engaging style in a live programme. Shri Pokhriyal informed that this time the programme will be held virtually. He further stated that questions related to dealing with examination stress from school students of class 9 to 12 will be invited through MyGov platform and selected questions will be featured in the programme. He also informed that school students, teachers and parents from all across the country are to be selected through an online creative writing competition designed specifically for them on MyGov platform. There are different topics assigned for students, parents and teachers in the contest. The applicants can also pose their questions on this platform. The selected participants will be participating in the programme online from their respective State and UT headquarters and will be presented with a special PPC kit (Pariksha Pe Charcha kit). The portal for online creative writing competition will remain open till 14thMarch 2021, he added.

 

 

Click here to access the link of the portal: https://innovateindia.mygov.in/ppc-2021/

Topics for creative writing competition on MyGov

For Students

Topic 1: Exams are like festivals, celebrate them

Activity: Draw a scene depicting a festival around your favourite subject.

Topic 2: India Is Incredible, Travel and Explore

Activity: Imagine your friend visits your city for three days. What memories would you create for him or her in each of the following categories?

  • Places to See: (Word Limit: 500 Words)
  • Food to Relish: (Word Limit: 500 Words)
  • Experiences to remember: (Word Limit: 500 Words)

Topic 3: As One Journey Ends, Another Begins

Activity: Describe the most memorable experiences of your school life in not more than 1500 words

Topic 4: Aspire, Not to Be, but to Do

Activity: If there was no restriction on resources or opportunities, what would you do for society and why? Submit a write up in not more than 1500 words

Topic 5: Be Grateful

Activity: Write ‘Gratitude Cards’ for those whom you are grateful to in not more than 500 words

For Teachers

Topic: Online Education System – Its benefits and how it can be improved further.

Activity: Write an essay on the topic in about 1500 words

For Parents

Topic 1: Your Words Make Your Child’s World – Encourage, As You Have Always Done

Activity: Write a story about the vision you share with your child for his or her future. Let your child write the first sentence. Then you write the next and so on. (Word Limit: 1500 Words)

Topic 2: Be Your Child’s Friend—Keep Depression Away

Activity: Write a postcard to your child and let him or her know why they are special. (Word Limit: 100 Words)

 

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